DE2061655B2 - Electrophotographic recording material - Google Patents

Description

thus the known advantageous expansion of the recording file is provided by to promote and facilitate the spectral sensitivity range over the whole of additional measures, Visible spectrum has, in which at the same time one achieves that the conditions for the but with certainty a further crystallization of the later application, e.g. for vapor deposition, the crystalline layer into the amorphous layer into 5 amorphous layer no longer with regard to a is avoided. Formation of crystallization of the crystalline layer,

This task will be done in the case of an electrophotographic but independently see recording material with a layer support and then be chosen so that the germs and two photoconductive, selenium-containing layers within the amorphous layer as far as th, of which one crystalline and the second amorphous io is avoided if possible.

is. solved according to the invention in that there is between If, for example, the crystallized partial layer

the crystalline and the amorphous layer adjoins the carrier plate, it is advantageous to use the Amorphous selenium vapor deposition conditions containing anti-aging agents in the production of the layer Contains intermediate layer. to be chosen so that the layer from the base

With the inventive 15 crystallization is achieved. In general, the base of drawing material is such that, from the crystallized surface, many nucleation-promoting layers do not contain any progression of crystallization in changing centers. An additional the amorphous layer takes place in more and to slight roughening of the surface, which in this way can increase the original characteristics of the number even further and the amorphous accordingly and the crystallized film obtained 30, the crystallization of the base forth facilitate remain, ie in particular the Electrophotographic For this roughening, a roughness depth of sensitivity to the extent of the original spec- 0.1 to 25 μm, preferably 1 to 5 μm, appears as the purposeful range even during a relatively long period of time. The main part of the amorphous layer still remains vapor rate, the crystallization from the base is free of crystallization inhibitors because the addition is also further promoted. Finally, when using crystallization inhibitors, it is also advantageous to use additives, a selenium layer between the crystalline layer and the amorphous layer, for example by thallium or halogens, to make the crystallization easier.

by advantageous from the previously known application. The figure shows a partially schematic diagram differs from crystallization inhibitors. position an embodiment of the invention-for the intermediate layer according to the invention has become suitable electrophotographic recording materials Layer thickness of about 0.1 to 10 μm advantageously rial. On a carrier plate 1, for example from proven. Aluminum or glass with a transparent elec- The change in the concentration of the crystalline-conductive tin dioxide layer consists and tion inhibitor at the transition from the intermediate layer, the surface 2 of which may be slightly roughened to the amorphous layer occurs either abruptly, there is a layer of crystallized where the high concentration of crystallization selenium 3, which is optionally with crystallization inhibitor, which rern a further crystallization with certainty, for example with thallium, is provided. excludes, drops suddenly, or it finds a 4 ° The layer of crystallized selenium 3 gradually wears it Concentration decrease at the transition, on the other hand, a further thin intermediate layer from the intermediate layer to that of crystallization * - amorphous selenium 4, which according to the invention with synthetic inhibitors free amorphous layer instead by adding the lization inhibitors, for example with arsenic The concentration of the anti-crystallization agent is continuous. On the thin intermediate layer 4 is located borrowed and / or gradually to low values up to zero 45 a further amorphous, of crystallization inhibitors falls. free layer 5.

As a suitable substance for the inventive drawing up material are again possible has, for example, selenium creation process for the electric meadows according to the invention, written either in elemental form or as photographic recording material. Selenium compound or as an alloy with selenium 50 For the production of a crystallized selenium-t is applied and that both the amorphous and is, for example, initially at one temperature can form the crystalline layer. below about 70 ° C an amorphous selenium layer

As a crystallization inhibitor, for example, the wise arsenic, antimony or phosphorus, or a layer on it through an intermediate temperature, all in one a mixture of these materials has proven its worth. Their share of the 55 temperature range from about 100 to 120 C in the photoconductive layer is converted from the particular type of crystallized modification. Aul Dopant dependent. For example, this crystallized layer has to be then after Adding arsenic up to about 48% is advantageous and the temperature is lowered again to below 70 ° C grasslands. In addition, of course, the amorphous layers - purposefully amorphous as well as in crystallized selenium, also by vapor deposition - autgebraem, other common dopants may be present, such as the commonly used total cmcms such, which the conductivity, the spectral sensitivity can be achieved from about 10 to 300 μΐη the residual potential, the fatigue, the loss of

^{rubbed, affecting} the adhesive strength or other properties of the method for the ^ ίΓ0 ^ ° according to the invention. 65 graphic recording material is applied to the

Another embodiment of the support according to the invention for the photoconductive layer <»« ** "" The recording material consists in the crystallization from the outset at a temperature above half-past sation in a layer for which the crystallized form is applied at 70 ° C, for example re-evaporation

With such a high substrate temperature, the first layer is converted into a turintervall

the evaporated selenium is carried out immediately in the crystallized the crystallized modification,

th shape. As described above, the production of the with crystallization inhibitors

The temperature is lowered below 70 ° C, and then an intermediate layer is provided - something with arsenic

which the amorphous layers on the crystallized 5 provided amorphous selenium layer - the

Layer applied. so-called flash evaporation as expedient

It has been shown to produce the crystallized layer, which is then used with advantage in particular.

Proven to be particularly advantageous at the same time as the det is when an alloy or mixture of

Selenium vapor also promotes crystallization, e.g. B. Thal components with very different steam

lium or halogens, evaporation of both iq pressure from a common evaporation source

from a common source as well as from separate sources. But it is also possible to use the

Sources for the selenium and the crystallization promoters photoconductors and the crystallization inhibitor

can happen. With simultaneous application of substance from different evaporation

Crystallization promoters develop together with the selenium sources, with those mentioned above

15 Example selenium arsenic either from the pure com-

be; lower temperature or shorter tempering components Be and arsenic or selenium and one

time to produce the crystallized modification. This selenium-arsenic compound is assumed

is particularly desirable if the one provided with crystallization inhibitors

first all selenium layers, namely intermediate layer a sufficient layer thickness

the first layer intended for crystallization has held »0, d. H. is about 0.1 to 10 μχη strong, will

as well as the amorphous, with crystallization inhibitors the third photoconductive layer made of amorphous selenium

provided intermediate layer and optionally applied. This layer consists of either

finally also the amorphous, crystallization selenium, which is free from crystallization inhibitors, or

inhibit free third layer one after the other on gel from selenium, its content of crystallization inhibitors

and then only the tempering step at 5 is brought continuously and / or gradually to lower

same temperature or a low temperature value drops to zero.

1 sheet of drawings

Claims (7)

1 2 electrical charge image that corresponds to the optical image. This is because such an increase in the conductivity of the photo- 1. Electrophotographic recording material- conductive layer that holds the electrical charge rial with a layer support and two photoconductive 5 over the conductive support - at least partially, capable, selenium-containing layers, of which in any case stronger than on the unexposed Steleine crystalline and the second is amorphous because it can flow off, while on the unexposed characterized in that it essentially earths the electrical charge between points crystalline and the amorphous layer remains one; she can with a picture powder, a Crystallization inhibitor containing, amorphous xo so-called toners, made visible and the de-selenium intermediate layer finally contains a standing toner image on paper or a 2. Recording material as claimed in claim 1, in which other substrates are transferred. characterized in that there is a 0.1 to 10 μτη to the electrophotographically active substances Contains thick intermediate layer. belong both to substances in the crystalline as in the 3. A recording material according to claim 1, DA-15 amorphous state. Among them z. B. characterized by that the. Interlayer amorphous selenium plays a particularly important role and between 0.1 and 48 percent by weight crystallization is therefore used in many practical applications, contains ionic inhibitors. As a metastable substance, amorphous selenium has that 4. Recording material according to claim 1, endeavor, under certain conditions - about at characterized in that the intermediate layer »o higher temperatures - in the crystalline Zuals Arsenic and / or anti-crystallization inhibitors to pass over. contains mon and / or phosphorus. Crystallized selenium has a very small 5. Recording material according to claim 1, ren electrical resistance as selenium in the amorphous characterized in that it is in a roughened state and therefore does not allow sufficient th layer support contains. 35 high and slowly decaying in the dark 6. Recording material according to claim 5, to build up surface charge on the layer. Because of that characterized in that the support is generally used for semi-crystallized selenium between 0.1 and 25 μΐη, preferably not used between electrophotographic purposes, and 1 and 5 μπι, contains deep roughness. one also strives for the transformation 7. Recording material according to Claim 1, 30 of amorphous selenium in crystallized form, if possible thereby characterized in that the crystalline ability to prevent. Layer as a crystallization promoter thallium or on the other hand there are points of view that the association Contains halogen. application of crystallized selenium layers appear to be worth wiping out. Since crystallized selenium, in contrast to selenium, has an amorphous was also photoelectrically sensitive in the long-wave part of the visible spectrum above 600 nm is, this part of the spectrum can also be made usable when it is used. Special The invention relates to an electrophotographic 40 which appears to be advantageous in a combination Recording material with a layer support and of amorphous and crystallized selenium. There one two photoconductive. Layers containing selenium, such layer in both blue and red one of which is crystalline and the second is amorphous. Spectral range is sensitive, one achieves a Electrophotographic processes and devices - especially high integral photosensitivity,
The production of such partially crystallized layer reproduction technology, e.g. B. for office copies, x-raying can be used both through temperature control in genographic imaging processes or electrical production and through subsequent temstatic printing processes. They are based on temperature treatment. You can rely on the property of the photoconductive material, for. B. choose the manufacturing conditions so that in exposure to an activating radiation the 5 ° the amorphous selenium layer to change many small crystals eineelectric resistance and are stored electrical or that on a substrate to derive a charge at the exposed areas. Multi-layer arrangement is generated, in the case of the tn As photoconductive substances are for example selenium, at least one crystallized and one amorphous selenium-sulfur, Zinc oxide or mixtures of such substances are present. or also organic substances such as anthracene, 55 A disadvantage of all previously known combination polyvinyl carbazoles or phthalocyanines, known systems is that even at low temperatures. temperature, such as room temperature, due to the The photoconductive layer is applied to a reinforced trically conductive support on an electrolyte presence of crystallization nuclei, which is usually given the possibility of crystallization and this form of a flat plate or a cylindrical drum is therefore formed through the entire photosensitive layer and is made of metal, how about wandering through. The amorphous selenium aluminum, or an insulator with a conductive layer, is finally converted into crystallized selenium to the extent that the surface, such as glass with a transparent layer, can be used for electrophotographic purposes or made of paper ,
can. 65 The object of the invention is to provide an electrophoto- By generating an electrical charge graphic recording material with two photographic and to indicate exposure to an activating radiation-conducting layers, one of which is critical one is latent stallin and a second glassy amorphous on the photoconductive layer, and that