DE19964085A1 - Particulate solid drug carrier, providing retarded release and high bioavailability, comprising lipid-drug conjugate, e.g. tributyrin as source of cell differentiation inhibitor butyric acid - Google Patents
Particulate solid drug carrier, providing retarded release and high bioavailability, comprising lipid-drug conjugate, e.g. tributyrin as source of cell differentiation inhibitor butyric acidInfo
- Publication number
- DE19964085A1 DE19964085A1 DE19964085A DE19964085A DE19964085A1 DE 19964085 A1 DE19964085 A1 DE 19964085A1 DE 19964085 A DE19964085 A DE 19964085A DE 19964085 A DE19964085 A DE 19964085A DE 19964085 A1 DE19964085 A1 DE 19964085A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- carrier according
- drug
- lak
- active ingredient
- lipid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 239000003937 drug carrier Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- UYXTWWCETRIEDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tributyrin Chemical compound CCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCC)COC(=O)CCC UYXTWWCETRIEDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 8
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims 6
- 230000024245 cell differentiation Effects 0.000 title 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 title 1
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- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
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- 229960001265 ciclosporin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DQLATGHUWYMOKM-UHFFFAOYSA-L cisplatin Chemical compound N[Pt](N)(Cl)Cl DQLATGHUWYMOKM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 235000010977 hydroxypropyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007918 intramuscular administration Methods 0.000 description 1
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- IZWSFJTYBVKZNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lauryl sulfobetaine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CCCS([O-])(=O)=O IZWSFJTYBVKZNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RGLRXNKKBLIBQS-XNHQSDQCSA-N leuprolide acetate Chemical compound CC(O)=O.CCNC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1C(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(N)=N)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2NC=1)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1N=CNC=1)NC(=O)[C@H]1NC(=O)CC1)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 RGLRXNKKBLIBQS-XNHQSDQCSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229960001728 melarsoprol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229960002285 methylbenzethonium chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 210000003097 mucus Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000012457 nonaqueous media Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940055577 oleyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XMLQWXUVTXCDDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N oleyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCCO XMLQWXUVTXCDDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004006 olive oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001814 pectin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010987 pectin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001277 pectin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XDRYMKDFEDOLFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentamidine Chemical compound C1=CC(C(=N)N)=CC=C1OCCCCCOC1=CC=C(C(N)=N)C=C1 XDRYMKDFEDOLFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004448 pentamidine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920001983 poloxamer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001987 poloxamine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940068918 polyethylene glycol 400 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940057847 polyethylene glycol 600 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000244 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002503 polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940068968 polysorbate 80 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940068965 polysorbates Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003813 safflower oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005713 safflower oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000021003 saturated fats Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NRHMKIHPTBHXPF-TUJRSCDTSA-M sodium cholate Chemical compound [Na+].C([C@H]1C[C@H]2O)[C@H](O)CC[C@]1(C)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H]2CC[C@H]([C@@H](CCC([O-])=O)C)[C@@]2(C)[C@@H](O)C1 NRHMKIHPTBHXPF-TUJRSCDTSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 235000011083 sodium citrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J sodium diphosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- OABYVIYXWMZFFJ-ZUHYDKSRSA-M sodium glycocholate Chemical compound [Na+].C([C@H]1C[C@H]2O)[C@H](O)CC[C@]1(C)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H]2CC[C@H]([C@@H](CCC(=O)NCC([O-])=O)C)[C@@]2(C)[C@@H](O)C1 OABYVIYXWMZFFJ-ZUHYDKSRSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940048086 sodium pyrophosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LROWVYNUWKVTCU-STWYSWDKSA-M sodium sorbate Chemical compound [Na+].C\C=C\C=C\C([O-])=O LROWVYNUWKVTCU-STWYSWDKSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000019250 sodium sorbate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- JAJWGJBVLPIOOH-IZYKLYLVSA-M sodium taurocholate Chemical compound [Na+].C([C@H]1C[C@H]2O)[C@H](O)CC[C@]1(C)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H]2CC[C@H]([C@@H](CCC(=O)NCCS([O-])(=O)=O)C)[C@@]2(C)[C@@H](O)C1 JAJWGJBVLPIOOH-IZYKLYLVSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008347 soybean phospholipid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003408 sphingolipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940035023 sucrose monostearate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002600 sunflower oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003826 tablet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019818 tetrasodium diphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001577 tetrasodium phosphonato phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000820 toxicity test Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002110 toxicologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000027 toxicology Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 235000021081 unsaturated fats Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004018 waxing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940045860 white wax Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002888 zwitterionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
- A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
- A61K47/54—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic compound
- A61K47/554—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic compound the modifying agent being a steroid plant sterol, glycyrrhetic acid, enoxolone or bile acid
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
- A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
- A61K47/54—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic compound
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
- A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
- A61K47/54—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic compound
- A61K47/55—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic compound the modifying agent being also a pharmacologically or therapeutically active agent, i.e. the entire conjugate being a codrug, i.e. a dimer, oligomer or polymer of pharmacologically or therapeutically active compounds
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Ein Mittel zur Erzielung einer kontrollierten Arzneistoff applikation ist der Einsatz von partikulären Trägern mit einer Partikelgröße im Mikrometerbereich oder im Nanometerbereich. Der Arzneistoff ist in den Träger inkorporiert, Beispiele sind O/W- Emulsionen, Liposomen, Polymermikropartikel, Polymernanopartikel, feste Lipidnanopartikel, Arzneistoffmikropartikel und Arznei stoffnanopartikel (Nanokristalle, Nanosuspensionen) (R. H. Müller, G. E. Hildebrand, Pharmazeutische Technologie: Moderne Arzneiformen, Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft Stuttgart). Das Hauptziel für den Einsatz partikulärer Trägersysteme ist neben der Reduktion von Nebenwirkungen die Einstellung eines optimierten Arzneistoffliberationsprofils. In der Regel strebt man eine gleichmäßig anhaltende (sustained) oder zumindest eine verlängerte (prolonged) Freisetzung an. Hohe initiale Freisetzung (sogenannter burst release) ist unerwünscht. Klassisches Beispiel hierfür sind Polymermikropartikel mit LHRH-Analoga zur Therapie des Prostatakarzinoms mit Freisetzungsdauer über vier Wochen (Handelsprodukte: Decapeptyl, Enantone). A means of achieving a controlled drug application is the use of particulate carriers with a Particle size in the micrometer range or in the nanometer range. The Drug is incorporated into the carrier, examples are O / W Emulsions, liposomes, polymer microparticles, polymer nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, drug microparticles and drug nanoparticles (nanocrystals, nanosuspensions) (R.H. Müller, G. E. Hildebrand, Pharmaceutical Technology: Modern Drug forms, Scientific Publishing Company Stuttgart). The main goal for the use of particulate carrier systems is in addition to the reduction of side effects, the cessation of a optimized drug delivery profile. Usually strives one is sustained, or at least one prolonged release. High initial release (so-called burst release) is undesirable. Classic example for this are polymer microparticles with LHRH analogues for therapy of prostate cancer with a release duration of four weeks (Commercial products: Decapeptyl, Enantone).
Ein ernsthaftes Problem, das in vielen Fällen nicht gelöst werden kann, ist eine bei der Einarbeitung von Arzneistoffen in diese Arzneistoffträger auftretende hohe initiale Freisetzung. Emulsionen sind in der Regel nicht für eine prolongierte Freisetzung geeignet, da der in den Emulsionstropfen gelöste Wirkstoff sich bei Verdünnen (z. B. Injektion ins Blut) innerhalb von Millisekunden aus dem Blut in die wäßrige Phase unverteilt (C. Washigton, in (R. H. Müller, S. Benita, B. Böhm, Hrsg.) Emulsions and Nanosuspensions for the Formulation of Poorly Soluble Drugs, medpharm scientific publishers Stuttgart, 101-117, 1998). Eine prolongierte Freisetzung aus Liposomen ist nur beschränkt möglich, da identische Umverteilungsprozesse des Wirkstoffes und die Metabolisierung der Phospholipide der Liposomen die Freisetzungszeit limitieren. Nur bei geeigneter Herstellungstechnik erhält man mit Polymermikropartikeln eine ausreichend prolongierte Freisetzung (z. B. Decapeptyl), bei ungeeigneter Herstellungstechnik wie dem ASES (Aerosol Solvent Extraction System) (B. W. Müller et al., US Patent No. 5043.280 (1991)) wird eine sehr hohe initiale Freisetzung erhalten. Erzielung einer prolongierten Freisetzung ist noch schwieriger bei Nanopartikeln, da aufgrund der Kleinheit der Partikel die Diffusionsstrecken sehr kurz sind und die Abbaugeschwindigkeit teilweise sehr schnell. Arzneistofffreisetzung erfolgt schlag artig aufgrund von Diffusion, was sowohl bei Polymernanopartikeln als auch bei festen Lipidnanopartikeln beobachtet wurde (zur Mühlen, A. et al. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 1998, 45, 149-155). Speziell bei schwerlöslichen Arzneistoffen kann man mit Zer kleinerungsverfahren Mikropartikel aus reinem Wirkstoff her stellen. Aufgrund der geringen Wasserlöslichkeit der Wirkstoffe (generell verbunden mit einer geringen Auflösungsgeschwindigkeit) in Kombination mit der relativ geringen Partikeloberfläche kommt es zu einem verlangsamten Freisetzungprozeß. Beispiele sind Corticoid-Mikropartikelsuspensionen zur intramuskulären oder intraartikulären Injektion. Für einige Anwendungsgebiete wäre jedoch eine längere Freisetzungszeit wünschenswert. Durch hochenergetisches Mahlen kann man schwerlösliche Arzneistoffe zu Nanopartikeln zerkleinern (Nanokristalle, in wäßriger Dispersion als Nanosuspensionen bezeichnet (Müller, R. H. et al., Pharm.Ind. 1999, 61, 1, 74-78). Aufgrund der stark vergrößerten Oberfläche kommt es bei Nanokristallen aber zu einer sehr schnellen Auflösung. Intravenös injizierte Nanosuspensionen verhielten sich pharmakokinetisch wie eine Lösung (z. B. Cyclosporin) (8. Sucker, in Pharmazeutische - Technologie: Moderne Arzneiformen (R. H. Müller, G. E. Hildebrandt, Hrsg.), Wissenschaftliche Verlags anstalt Stuttgart, 383-391, 1998).A serious problem that in many cases cannot be solved is one when incorporating drugs into them High initial release drug carrier. Emulsions are usually not prolonged Release suitable because the dissolved in the emulsion drops Active ingredient becomes diluted (e.g. injection into the blood) within of milliseconds from the blood to the aqueous phase undistributed (C. Washigton, in (R. H. Müller, S. Benita, B. Böhm, ed.) Emulsions and Nanosuspensions for the Formulation of Poorly Soluble Drugs, medpharm scientific publishers Stuttgart, 101-117, 1998). A prolonged release from liposomes is only limited possible, since identical redistribution processes of the Active ingredient and the metabolism of the phospholipids Liposomes limit the release time. Only if it is more suitable Manufacturing technology is obtained with polymer microparticles sufficiently prolonged release (e.g. decapeptyl), at unsuitable manufacturing technology such as the ASES (Aerosol Solvent Extraction System) (B.W. Müller et al., U.S. Patent No. 5043,280 (1991)) a very high initial release is obtained. Achieving prolonged release is even more difficult in the case of nanoparticles because the small size of the particles means that Diffusion distances are very short and the rate of degradation sometimes very quickly. Drug release occurs suddenly well due to diffusion, which is the case with both polymer nanoparticles as well as with solid lipid nanoparticles (for Mühlen, A. et al. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 1998, 45, 149-155). Especially with poorly soluble drugs you can use Zer Microparticles from pure active ingredient put. Due to the low water solubility of the active ingredients (generally associated with a slow dissolution rate) comes in combination with the relatively small particle surface it leads to a slow release process. examples are Corticoid microparticle suspensions for intramuscular or intra-articular injection. For some areas of application would be however, a longer release time is desirable. By Highly energetic grinding can be used to add poorly soluble drugs Crush nanoparticles (nanocrystals, in aqueous dispersion referred to as nanosuspensions (Müller, R.H. et al., Pharm.Ind. 1999, 61, 1, 74-78). Because of the greatly enlarged surface However, nanocrystals are very fast Resolution. Intravenously injected nanosuspensions behaved pharmacokinetic like a solution (e.g. cyclosporin) (8th Sucker, in Pharmaceutical Technology: Modern Dosage Forms (R. H. Müller, G. E. Hildebrandt, ed.), Scientific publisher Stuttgart Institute, 383-391, 1998).
Mikropartikel mit einer Größe im unteren Mikrometerbereich und Nanopartikel besitzen jedoch in der Literatur beschriebene Vorteile für die Arzneistoffapplikation. So zeigen sie nach peroraler Applikation eine Adhäsion an die Magen-Darm-Schleim haut. Als Folge erhöht sich die Bioverfügbarkeit, gleichzeitig nimmt die Variabilität ab. Aufgrund der Partikelfeinheit können schwerlösliche Arzneistoffe, die nach oraler Applikation keine ausreichende Bioverfügbarkeit zeigen, intravenös injiziert werden (R. H. Müller, in Pharmazeutische Technologie: Moderne Arzneifor men (R. H. Müller, G. E. Hildebrand, Hrsg.) Wissenschaftliche Verlagsanstalt Stuttgart, 393-400, 1998). Somit erreicht man auch bei schwerlöslichen Arzneistoffen eine ausreichend hohe Biover fügbarkeit. Aufgrund dieser Vorteile wäre es wünschenswert, feine Partikel herstellen zu können, bei denen die rasche Freisetzung aufgrund von Wirkstoff-Diffusion eliminiert oder zumindest minimiert ist.Microparticles with a size in the lower micrometer range and However, nanoparticles have been described in the literature Advantages for drug application. So they show up oral application an adhesion to the gastrointestinal mucus skin. As a result, bioavailability increases, at the same time the variability decreases. Due to the particle fineness Poorly soluble drugs that none after oral application show sufficient bioavailability, be injected intravenously (R. H. Müller, in Pharmaceutical Technology: Modern Pharmacopoeia men (R. H. Müller, G. E. Hildebrand, ed.) Scientific Stuttgart Publishing House, 393-400, 1998). So you can also reach A sufficiently high biover for poorly soluble drugs availability. Because of these advantages, it would be desirable to be fine To be able to produce particles in which the rapid release eliminated or at least due to drug diffusion is minimized.
In der vorliegenden Erfindung wird dies dadurch erreicht, daß der Arzneistoff durch elektrostatische Wechselwirkungen, Dipolmomen te, Dispersionskräfte, Ionenwechselwirkungen, Wasserstoffbrücken und/oder hydrophobe Wechselwirkungen an das Matrixmaterial der Partikel gebunden wird, wobei zusätzlich gegebenenfalls auch ein Anteil an kovalenter Bindung vorliegen kann, und wobei als Matrixmaterial Lipide eingesetzt werden. In the present invention, this is achieved in that the Drug through electrostatic interactions, dipole moments te, dispersion forces, ion interactions, hydrogen bonds and / or hydrophobic interactions on the matrix material of the Particle is bound, with an additional optionally also Percentage of covalent bond can be present, and where as Matrix material lipids are used.
In der Literatur sind bereits Konjugate aus Arzneistoffen bzw. Prodrugs mit Lipiden beschrieben, wobei hier die Zielstellung war, durch Kopplung eines Wirkstoffes mit einer lipophilen Komponente die Membrangängigkeit und damit die Arzneistoff absorption zu erhöhen. Voraussetzung für eine gute Absorption sind jedoch neben Membrangängigkeit auch eine ausreichend hohe Löslichkeit in Wasser. Es nützt nichts, wenn ein derartiges Konjugat zwar sehr lipophil ist gleichzeitig aber gering wasserlöslich. Aufgrund der niedrigen Wasserlöslichkeit kommt in diesem Fall zu wenig Arzneistoff an die Membran. Lösungsgeschwin digkeit und Wasserlöslichkeit werden dann zum geschwindigkeits bestimmenden Schritt der Absorption. Um dies zu verhindern, war bei diesen Lipid-Prodrug-Konjugaten das Ziel, Konjugate mit möglichst hoher Wasserlöslichkeit herzustellen. In der vor liegenden Erfindung ist gerade das Umgekehrte der Fall, die Wasserlöslichkeit soll möglichst gering sein, um eine initiale Freisetzung zu minimieren. Arzneistoff soll anstatt durch Diffusion durch Abbau freigesetzt werden, d. h. nach chemischer Aufspaltung des Konjugates (z. B. durch Enzyme im Magen-Darm- Trakt oder in anderen Körperflüssigkeiten wie Blut).Conjugates made from drugs or Prodrugs with lipids are described, with the aim here was by coupling an active ingredient with a lipophilic Component the membrane passage and thus the drug increase absorption. A prerequisite for good absorption are, however, a sufficiently high one in addition to membrane passage Solubility in water. There is no use if such a thing The conjugate is very lipophilic but at the same time it is low water soluble. Due to the low water solubility comes in in this case too little drug on the membrane. Solution speed then solubility and water solubility become speed determining step of absorption. To prevent this from happening in these lipid-prodrug conjugates the goal is to use conjugates to produce the highest possible water solubility. In the front lying invention is just the reverse the case that Water solubility should be as low as possible to ensure an initial Minimize release. Drug is supposed to go through instead Diffusion released by degradation, d. H. after chemical Splitting the conjugate (e.g. by enzymes in the gastrointestinal Tract or in other body fluids such as blood).
Die in der Literatur beschriebene Herstellung von Konjugaten durch kovalente Bindung (oder gegebenenfalls ausschließlich kovalente Bindung) von zwei oder mehr Molekülen hat in der Regel den Nachteil, daß ein neuer Wirkstoff ensteht (NCE - New Chemical Entity). Für diesen neuen Wirkstoff ist bei Einsatz von. z. B. in Arzneimitteln eine teure Toxizitätsprüfung erforderlich (gesetz liche Regelungen und Vorschriften der Zulassungsbehörden, z. B. BfArM in Deutschland, FDA in den USA). In der vorliegenden Erfindung werden Konjugate durch nicht-konvalente Bindung erzeugt, die trotz Abwesenheit von kovalenten Bindungskräften so stabil sind, daß daraus Partikel hergestellt werden können.The preparation of conjugates described in the literature by covalent bond (or possibly exclusively usually has covalent bond) of two or more molecules the disadvantage that a new active ingredient is created (NCE - New Chemical Entity). For this new active ingredient when using. e.g. B. in Medicines require an expensive toxicity test (statutory Regulations and regulations of the licensing authorities, e.g. B. BfArM in Germany, FDA in the USA). In the present Invention will be conjugates by non-convex binding generated so despite the absence of covalent binding forces are stable that particles can be produced from it.
Polymer-Arzneistoffkonjugate zeigen oft das Problem, daß sie als unphysiologische Komponenten im Organismus nicht oder nur langsam aufgespalten werden. Abspaltung des Arzneistoffes vom Polymer (sogenannte Cleavage) ist aber Voraussetzung für Freisetzung und Wirksamkeit. Zur Erzielung einer besseren Abbaubarkeit in vivo werden daher in der vorliegenden Erfindung Lipide als Matrixmate rial eingesetzt. Toxikologisch besteht zusätzlich der Vorteil, daß nach Spaltung des Konjugates der Lipidanteil verstoffwechselt werden kann. Er dient gleichzeitig als Nahrungsstoff.Polymer-drug conjugates often show the problem that they are as unphysiological components in the organism not or only slowly be split up. Cleavage of the drug from the polymer (so-called cleavage) is a prerequisite for release and Effectiveness. To achieve better degradability in vivo are therefore in the present invention lipids as matrix mate rial used. There is also the toxicological advantage of that after cleavage of the conjugate the lipid portion is metabolized can be. It also serves as a nutrient.
Bei den Lipid-Prodrugs mit noch vorhandener entsprechender Wasserlöslichkeit erfolgt der Abbau des Moleküls in Lösung. Bei den in dieser Erfindung beschriebenen unlöslichen Partikeln wurde gefunden, daß das Lipid-Konjugat trotz seines festen Aggregatzu standes abgebaut werden kann. Dies erfolgt durch Verankern von Enzymkomplexen auf der Partikeloberfläche, es findet eine Oberflächendegradation statt, bei der die Arzneistoffmoleküle freigesetzt werden (z. B. Anlagerung des Lipase/Colipase- Komplexes im Gastrointestinaltrakt). Die bessere Abbaubarkeit von Lipid-Arzneistoffkonjugaten im Vergleich zu Polymer-Arzneistoff konjugaten kann dadurch erklärt werden, daß z. B. die Lipid abbauenden Enzyme im Organismus aufgrund der chemischen Vielfalt der Lipide in der Nahrung teilweise sehr unspezifisch ausgelegt sind. Daher können auch Lipid-Arzneistoffkonjugate entsprechend prozessiert werden. Demgegenüber gehören Polymere wie z. B. Polymethacrylate und Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) nicht zum menschlichen Nahrungsangebot. PHB ist zwar das Engergie-Speicher polymer von Bakterien, nicht jedoch vom Menschen in vivo abbaubar.In the case of lipid prodrugs with corresponding corresponding ones still present The molecule is degraded in solution in water. At the insoluble particles described in this invention found that the lipid conjugate despite its solid aggregation can be dismantled. This is done by anchoring Enzyme complexes on the particle surface, it finds one Surface degradation takes place at which the drug molecules are released (e.g. attachment of the lipase / colipase Complexes in the gastrointestinal tract). The better degradability of Lipid-drug conjugates compared to polymer-drug conjugates can be explained by the fact that e.g. B. the lipid degrading enzymes in the organism due to the chemical diversity of the lipids in the diet are sometimes very unspecific are. Therefore, lipid-drug conjugates can also be used accordingly be processed. In contrast, polymers such as. B. Polymethacrylate and Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) not for human food supply. PHB is the energy store polymer of bacteria, but not of humans in vivo degradable.
Die Partikelmatrix der erfindungsgemäßen Arzneistoffträger besteht zu 100% aus Lipid-Arzneistoffkonjugat (Lipid-Arznei stoff-Konjugat - LAK) (Beispiel 1).The particle matrix of the pharmaceutical carriers according to the invention consists of 100% lipid-drug conjugate (lipid-drug substance conjugate - LAK) (Example 1).
Die Herstellung des Lipidkonjugates erfolgt z. B. durch Auf schmelzen der konjugatbildenden Komponenten (Schmelzmethode) oder durch Lösen der Komponenten in einem gemeinsamen Lösungsmittel und anschließendem Abdampfen des Lösungsmittels (Lösungsmethode). Wirkstoff und konjugatbildene Komponente zeichnen sich dadurch aus, daß die Moleküle gegensätzlich geladene Gruppen bestzen (z. B. quartäre Ammoniumgruppe und dissoziierte Carboxygruppe) oder Molekülteile, die nicht kovalente Wechselwirkungen mitein ander Ausbilden (z. B. hydrophobe Wechselwirkungen). Beispiele für Arzneistoffe mit einer primären Amino- oder Guanidinfunktion sind Diminazen, SISPI, Pentamidin, Melarsoprol, Cisplatin und Hydroxyharnstoff.The preparation of the lipid conjugate takes place, for. B. by Auf melting the conjugate-forming components (melting method) or by dissolving the components in a common solvent and then evaporating the solvent (solution method). This distinguishes the active substance and the conjugate-forming component from the fact that the molecules occupy oppositely charged groups (e.g. quaternary ammonium group and dissociated carboxy group) or parts of molecules that are not covalent interactions other forms (e.g. hydrophobic interactions). examples for Drugs with a primary amino or guanidine function are Diminazen, SISPI, Pentamidin, Melarsoprol, Cisplatin and Hydroxyurea.
So werden z. B. bei der Schmelzmethode Wirkstoff und gegensätzlich geladene zweite Konjugatkomponente (z. B. Diminazen und Stearin säure im molaren Verhältnis 1 : 2, Beipiel 1) gemischt und erhitzt, anschließend abgekühlt und es hat sich das Konjugat gebildet.So z. B. in the melting method active ingredient and contrary charged second conjugate component (e.g. diminazen and stearin acid in a molar ratio of 1: 2, example 1) mixed and heated, then cooled and the conjugate has formed.
Bei der Lösungsmethode werden beide Komponenten in einem wäßrigen oder nichtwäßrigen Lösungsmittel aufgelöst (z. B. Diminazen und Stearinsäure, molares Verhältnis 1 : 2 in Ethanol, Beispiel 2) und erhitzt. Nach Evaporation des Ethanols erhält man als Rückstand das Konjugat. Als Lösungsmittel können z. B. Wasser, Alkohole, Öle, flüssige Polyethylenglykole (PEG) oder auch durch Erhitzen verflüssigte Komponenten (z. B. bei Raumtemperatur feste PEG oder Lipide wie Imwitor 900) sowie deren Mischungen eingesetzt werden.In the solution method, both components are in an aqueous or non-aqueous solvents (e.g. diminazene and Stearic acid, molar ratio 1: 2 in ethanol, example 2) and heated. After evaporation of the ethanol, a residue is obtained the conjugate. As a solvent, for. B. water, alcohols, Oils, liquid polyethylene glycols (PEG) or by heating liquefied components (e.g. PEG or solid at room temperature Lipids such as Imwitor 900) and their mixtures can be used.
Die Herstellung der LAK-Partikel erfolgt durch Dispergierung oder Präzipitation, wobei in Lehrbüchern der Pharmazie und Verfahrens technik beschriebene allgemein bekannte Methoden eingesetzt werden. Bei der Dispergierung zerteilt man grobdisperse Lipide durch mechanische Verfahren. Die Lipide können sich hierbei im festen Aggregatzustand (z. B. Mörsermühle) oder im flüssigen Aggregatzustand befinden (z. B. Emulgierung geschmolzener Lipide durch Rührer). Zur Herstellung der LAK-Dispersion können die Lipide zuerst zerkleinert und anschließend in der äußeren (z. B. wäßrigen) Phase dispergiert werden oder alternativ direkt in der äußeren Phase zerkleinert werden. Zur Erzeugung von hochfeinen Partikeln im Größenbereich 1-10 µm und insbesondere im Nanometerbereich (<1000 nm) eignen sich insbesondere Hochdruck homogenistionsverfahren (Kolben-Spalt-Homogenisatoren, Jet- Stream-Hochdruckhomogenistoren wie z. B. Microfluidizer) und Rotor-Stator-Kolloidmühlen wobei hierbei das grobdisperse Matrixmaterial in einer Flüssigkeit dispergiert ist (z. B. Wasser, nichtwäßrige Medien wie Polyethylenglykol 400/600 und Öle wie Miglyole). In flüssiger Dispersion sind die Arzneistoffträger durch Tenside oder Polymere physikalisch stabilisiert. In Dispersionsmedien mit ausreichend hoher Viskosität sind keine Stabilisatoren erforderlich (Tensidfreie Dispersionen). Die erfindungsgemäßen Arzneistoffträger können auch in einer festen Dispersion vorliegen, d. h. die Arzneistoffträger sind in einer festen äußeren Phase eingelagert, z. B. Polyethylenglykol 10000.The LAK particles are produced by dispersion or Precipitation, being in textbooks of pharmacy and process Technically described well-known methods used become. When dispersing, coarsely dispersed lipids are broken up through mechanical processes. The lipids can be in the solid state (e.g. mortar mill) or in liquid Physical state (e.g. emulsification of molten lipids by stirrer). To produce the LAK dispersion, the Lipids are first crushed and then in the outer (e.g. aqueous) phase or alternatively directly in the outer phase are crushed. For the production of very fine Particles in the size range 1-10 µm and especially in Nanometer range (<1000 nm) are particularly suitable for high pressure homogenization process (piston-gap homogenizers, jet Stream high pressure homogeneous devices such. B. Microfluidizer) and Rotor-stator colloid mills, the coarsely dispersed Matrix material is dispersed in a liquid (e.g. Water, non-aqueous media such as polyethylene glycol 400/600 and oils like Miglyole). The drug carriers are in liquid dispersion physically stabilized by surfactants or polymers. In Dispersion media with a sufficiently high viscosity are not Stabilizers required (surfactant-free dispersions). The Drug carriers according to the invention can also be in a solid Dispersion is present, i. H. the drug carriers are in one solid outer phase stored, e.g. B. Polyethylene glycol 10000.
Anstatt vollständig aus Lipid-Arzneistoffkonjugat (LAK) zu bestehen, kann der Matrix der erfindungsgemäßen Arzneistoffträger auch ein Lipid zugesetzt sein, d. h. aus einer Mischung von LAK mit einem oder mehreren Lipiden bestehen. Ein Beispiel ist die Mischung des LAK Behenylalkohol-Buttersäure-Ester mit Cetylpal mitat oder des LAK Tributyrin mit Compritol (Triglycerid der Behensäure). Dies ist insbesondere dann empfehlenswert, wenn eine raschere Arzneistofffreisetzung wünschenswert ist und der Abbau des LAK beschleunigt werden soll. Zusatz eines schnell abbaubaren Lipids wie Cetylpalmitat führt nach seinem Abbau zur Vergrößerung der Oberfläche und daraus resultierend schnellerem Abbau der LAK- Partikel.Instead of being made entirely of lipid-drug conjugate (LAK) exist, the matrix of the drug carrier according to the invention a lipid may also be added, i.e. H. from a mixture of LAK with one or more lipids. An example is that Mixture of the LAK behenyl alcohol butyric acid ester with cetylpal mitat or the LAK tributyrin with compritol (triglyceride of the Behenic acid). This is particularly recommended if one faster drug release is desirable and degradation of the LAK should be accelerated. Addition of a quickly degradable Lipids like cetyl palmitate lead to enlargement after their breakdown the surface and the resulting faster degradation of the LAK Particle.
Eine Vielzahl unterschiedlicher Lipide kann zur Herstellung von LAK-Dispersionen eingesetzt werden. Dies sind sowohl chemisch einheitliche Lipide als auch ihre Mischungen. Charakterisiert sind die Lipide dadurch, daß sie im Endprodukt LAK-Dispersion im kristallinen Zustand (z. B. β-, βi-Modifikation) oder im flüssig kristallinen Zustand (α-Modifikation) vorliegen bzw. in deren Mischung. Bei eingesetzten Lipidmischungen können auch flüssige Lipide (z. B. Öle, lipophile Kohlenwasserstoffe, lipophile organische Flüssigkeiten wie Oleylalkohol) den festen Lipiden (z. B. Glyceride, lipophile Kohlenwasserstoffe wie Hartparaffin) zugemischt werden (sog. "lipid blends"). A variety of different lipids can be used to make LAK dispersions are used. These are both chemical uniform lipids as well as their mixtures. Characterized are the lipids in that they in the final product LAK dispersion in crystalline state (e.g. β-, βi-modification) or in liquid crystalline state (α-modification) or in their Mixture. If lipid mixtures are used, liquid ones can also be used Lipids (e.g. oils, lipophilic hydrocarbons, lipophilic organic liquids such as oleyl alcohol) the solid lipids (e.g. glycerides, lipophilic hydrocarbons such as hard paraffin) are added (so-called "lipid blends").
Einsatz finden z. B. folgende Lipide als dispergierte Phase und können als individuelle Komponente oder als Mischung angewendet werden: Natürliche oder synthetische Triglyceride bzw. Mischungen derselben, Monoglyceride und Diglyceride, alleine oder Mischungen derselben oder mit z. B. Triglyceriden, selbst-emulgierende modifizierte Lipide, natürliche und synthetische Wachse, Fettalkohole, einschliesslich ihrer Ester und Ether sowie in Form von Lipidpeptiden; oder irgendwelche Mischungen derselben.Find z. B. the following lipids as the dispersed phase and can be used as an individual component or as a mixture are: Natural or synthetic triglycerides or mixtures the same, monoglycerides and diglycerides, alone or mixtures the same or with z. B. triglycerides, self-emulsifying modified lipids, natural and synthetic waxes, Fatty alcohols, including their esters and ethers, and in form of lipid peptides; or any mixtures thereof.
Besonders geeignet sind synthetische Monoglyceride, Diglyceride und Triglyceride als individuelle Substanzen oder als Mischung (z. B. Hartfett), Imwitor 900, Triglyceride (z. B. Glyceroltrilau rat, Glycerolmyristat, Glycerolpalmitat, Glycerolstearat und Glycerolbehenat) und Wachse wie z. B. Cetylpalmitat und weisses Wachs (DAB).Synthetic monoglycerides, diglycerides are particularly suitable and triglycerides as individual substances or as a mixture (e.g. hard fat), Imwitor 900, triglycerides (e.g. Glyceroltrilau rat, glycerol myristate, glycerol palmitate, glycerol stearate and Glycerol behenate) and waxes such as. B. cetyl palmitate and white Wax (DAB).
Zur Stabilisierung der LAK-Dispersionen oder zu ihrer gezielten
Oberflächenmodifikation können die Tenside, Stabilisatoren und
Polymere eingesetzt werden, die allgemein aus der Herstellung von
Dispersionen bekannt sind. Beispiele dafür sind:
The surfactants, stabilizers and polymers which are generally known from the production of dispersions can be used to stabilize the LAK dispersions or to specifically modify their surfaces. Examples include:
- 1. sterisch stabilisierende Substanzen wie Poloxamere und Poloxamine (Polyoxyethylen-Polyoxypropylen-Block-Copolymere), ethoxylierte Sorbitanfettsäure-Ester, besonders Polysorbate(z. B. Polysorbat 80 bzw. Tween 80®), ethoxylierte Mono- und Diglyceri de, ethoxylierte Lipide, ethoxylierte Fettalkohole oder Fett säuren, und Ester und Ether von Zuckern oder von Zuckeralkoholen mit Fettsäuren oder Fettalkoholen (z. B. Saccharose-Monostearat);1. sterically stabilizing substances such as poloxamers and Poloxamines (polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block copolymers), ethoxylated sorbitan fatty acid esters, especially polysorbates (e.g. Polysorbate 80 or Tween 80®), ethoxylated mono- and diglyceri de, ethoxylated lipids, ethoxylated fatty alcohols or fat acids, and esters and ethers of sugars or of sugar alcohols with fatty acids or fatty alcohols (e.g. sucrose monostearate);
- 2. geladene ionische Stabilisatoren so wie Diacetylphosphate, Phosphatidylglycerin, Lecithine unterschiedlicher Herkunft (z. B. Eilecithinoder Sojalecithin), chemisch modifizierte Lecithine (z. B. hydrierte Lecithine), genauso wie Phospholipide und Sphingolipide, Mischung von Lecithinen mit Phospholipiden, Sterolen (z. B. Cholesterol und Cholesterol-Derivate, genauso wie Stigmasterin) und ebenfalls gesättigte und ungesättigte Fett säuren, Natriumcholat, Natriumglycocholat, Natriumtaurocholat, Natriumdeoxycholat oder ihrer Mischungen, Aminosäuren oder Anti- Flokkulantien, wie z. B. Natriumcitrat, Natriumpyrophosphat, Natriumsorbat [Lucks, J. S. et al. Int. J. Pharm., 1990, 58, 229- 235]. Zwitterionische Tenside wie z. B. (3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)- dimethylammonio]-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonate)[CHAPSO],(3-[(3- cholamidopropyl)-dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate) [CHAPS] und N-dodecyl-N,N-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propansulfonat. Kationische Tenside, z. B. Benzyldimethylhexadecylammoniumchlorid, Methylbenz ethoniumchlorid, Benzalkonium-chlorid, Cetylpyridiniumchlorid.2. charged ionic stabilizers such as diacetyl phosphates, Phosphatidylglycerol, lecithins of various origins (e.g. Egg lecithin or soy lecithin), chemically modified lecithins (e.g. hydrogenated lecithins) as well as phospholipids and Sphingolipids, mixture of lecithins with phospholipids, Sterols (e.g. cholesterol and cholesterol derivatives, just like Stigmasterin) and also saturated and unsaturated fat acids, sodium cholate, sodium glycocholate, sodium taurocholate, Sodium deoxycholate or their mixtures, amino acids or anti Flocculants such as B. sodium citrate, sodium pyrophosphate, Sodium sorbate [Lucks, J.S. et al. Int. J. Pharm., 1990, 58, 229- 235]. Zwitterionic surfactants such as B. (3 - [(3-cholamidopropyl) - dimethylammonio] -2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonate) [CHAPSO], (3 - [(3- cholamidopropyl) -dimethylammonio] -1-propanesulfonate) [CHAPS] and N-dodecyl-N, N-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propanesulfonate. Cationic Surfactants, e.g. B. benzyldimethylhexadecylammonium chloride, methylbenz ethonium chloride, benzalkonium chloride, cetyl pyridinium chloride.
- 3. Viskositätserhoehende Substanzen wie z. B. Cellulose-Ether und Cellulose-Ester (z. B. Methylcellulose, Hydroxyethylcellulose, Hydroxypropylcellulose, Natriumcarboxymethyl-cellulose), Polyvinylderivate sowie Polyvinylalkohol, Polyvinylpyrrolidon, Polyvinylacetat, Alginate, Polyacrylate (z. B. Carbopol), Xanthane und Pektine.3. viscosity-increasing substances such. B. cellulose ether and Cellulose esters (e.g. methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, Hydroxypropyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose), Polyvinyl derivatives and polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, Polyvinyl acetate, alginates, polyacrylates (e.g. Carbopol), xanthans and pectins.
Die geladenen Stabilisatoren sind, wenn notwendig oder gewünscht, vorzugsweise mit 0,01% bis 20% (m/m) und insbesondere in einer Menge von 0,05% bis zu 10% in der LAK-Dispersion enthalten.The loaded stabilizers are, if necessary or desired, preferably with 0.01% to 20% (m / m) and in particular in one Contain an amount of 0.05% up to 10% in the LAK dispersion.
Viskositätserhöhende Substanzen sind, wenn notwendig oder erwünscht, im ähnlichen Verhältnis in der Formulierung einge arbeitet, vorzugsweise in einer Menge von 0,01-20% und ins besondere in einer Menge von 0,1% bis 10% (m/m) und vorzugsweise im Bereich zwischen 0,5% und 5%.Viscosity-increasing substances are, if necessary, or desirable, in a similar ratio in the formulation works, preferably in an amount of 0.01-20% and ins especially in an amount of 0.1% to 10% (m / m) and preferably in the range between 0.5% and 5%.
Als äußere Phase (Dispersionsmedium, kontinuierliche Phase) können Wasser, wässrige Lösungen oder Flüssigkeiten mischbar mit Wasser, sowie Glycerin oder Polyethylenglykol und ölige Flüssig keiten wie Miglyole (medium chain triglycerides - MCT) und andere Öle (Rizinus-, Erdnuß-, Soja-, Baumwollsamen-, Raps-, Leinsamen-, Oliven-, Sonnenblumen-, Distelöl eingesetzt werden.As external phase (dispersion medium, continuous phase) can be mixed with water, aqueous solutions or liquids Water, as well as glycerin or polyethylene glycol and oily liquid such as Miglyole (medium chain triglycerides - MCT) and others Oils (castor, peanut, soybean, cottonseed, rapeseed, linseed, Olive, sunflower and safflower oils can be used.
Tensidfreie LAK werden hergestellt durch Dispergierung der Lipidphase in einer wäßrigen Lösung, die eine oder mehrere viskositätserhöhende Substanzen enthält, entweder allein oder in Kombination mit anderen Substanzen, sowie Zucker, Zuckeralkohole, besonders Glukose, Mannose, Trehalose, Mannitol, Sorbitol sowie andere. Desweiteren ist es möglich, eine Kombination der viskositätserhöhenden Stoffe oder die Kombination dieser mit Zuckern oder Zuckeralkoholen, oder in einer weiteren Kombination mit Ladungsstabilisatoren oder Anti-Flokkulantien zu gebrauchen.LAC are produced by dispersing the Lipid phase in an aqueous solution containing one or more contains viscosity increasing substances, either alone or in Combination with other substances, such as sugar, sugar alcohols, especially glucose, mannose, trehalose, mannitol, sorbitol as well other. Furthermore, it is possible to combine the viscosity increasing substances or the combination of these with Sugar or sugar alcohols, or in another combination use with charge stabilizers or anti-flocculants.
Die Partikelmatrix kann auch aus einer Mischung von einem oder mehreren LAK und einem oder mehreren Arzneistoffen bestehen. Dies ist insbesondere dann einsetzbar, wenn vor einer prolongierten Freisetzung noch zusätzlich eine Initialdosis benötigt wird.The particle matrix can also consist of a mixture of one or several LAK and one or more drugs exist. This is particularly useful if it is in front of a prolonged one Release an additional initial dose is required.
Die Partikelmatrix der erfindungsgemäßen Arzneistoffträger kann auch obige Prinzipien kombinieren, d. h. die Matrix besteht aus einer Mischung von LAK, einem oder mehreren Lipiden und einem oder mehreren Arzneistoffen.The particle matrix of the pharmaceutical carriers according to the invention can also combine the above principles, d. H. the matrix consists of a mixture of LAK, one or more lipids and one or several drugs.
In den LAK-Partikeln kann der Arzneistoff gekoppelt sein an unterschiedliche Lipide, z. B. ein oder mehrere Diglyceride, Monoglyceride, Glycerol, (z. B. Tributyrin), Fettsäuren, Fettalko hole (z. B. Behenylalkohol-Buttersäure-Ester), funktionelle Gruppen von Sterolen wie Cholesterol und Cholesterolderivate und von Wachsen. Die Bindung von Arzneistoffen kann dabei nicht- kovalent über andere Wechselwirkungen (z. B. Ionenpaare) unter schiedlicher funktioneller Gruppen des Lipids erfolgen, z. B. Hydroxylgruppen, Carboxy-, primäre, sekundäre und quartäre Aminogruppen. Neben nicht-kovalenter Bindung kann gegebenenfalls auch ein Anteil kovalenter Bindung vorliegen.The drug can be coupled to the LAK particles different lipids, e.g. B. one or more diglycerides, Monoglycerides, glycerol, (e.g. tributyrin), fatty acids, fatty alcohol hole (e.g. behenyl alcohol butyric acid ester), functional Groups of sterols such as cholesterol and cholesterol derivatives and of waxing. The binding of drugs cannot covalently via other interactions (e.g. ion pairs) under different functional groups of the lipid take place, for. B. Hydroxyl, carboxy, primary, secondary and quaternary Amino groups. In addition to non-covalent binding, if necessary there is also some covalent bond.
Bei Herstellung der LAK-Partikel durch Naßmahlung des Partikel matrixmaterials in geschmolzenem Polyethylenglykol (PEG) 10.000 (z. B. bei 80°C) verfestigt sich die äußere Phase bei Abkühlung auf Raumtemperatur. Es entsteht eine feste Dispersion, d. h. LAK- Partikel eingebettet in festes PEG 10.000. Diese kann z. B. gemahlen und als Pulver in Tabletten und Pellets verarbeitet oder in Hartgelatine-Kapseln gefüllt werden. Zur Abfüllung sowohl in Weich- als auch in Hartgelatinekapslen kann die feste Dispersion auch erneut geschmolzen und im flüssigen Zustand in die Kapseln gefüllt werden.When producing the LAK particles by wet grinding the particle matrix material in molten polyethylene glycol (PEG) 10,000 (e.g. at 80 ° C) the outer phase solidifies on cooling to room temperature. A solid dispersion is formed, i.e. H. LAK- Particles embedded in solid PEG 10,000. This can e.g. B. ground and processed as powder in tablets and pellets or be filled into hard gelatin capsules. For filling both in The solid dispersion can be soft as well as hard gelatin capsules also melted again and in the liquid state in the capsules be filled.
Herstellung von Trockenprodukten aus LAK-Dispersionen ist mit üblichen Verfahrenstechniken wie z. B. Sprühtrocknung, Lyophilisa tion, Walzentrocknung und Vakuumtrocknung möglich. Die Trocken produkte können dann zu traditionellen Arzneiformen wie z. B. Tabletten, Kapseln, Pellets, Sachets oder Trockenprodukte zu Rekonstitution (z. B. für Injektabilia) weiterverarbeitet werden.Manufacture of dry products from LAK dispersions is included usual process techniques such. B. spray drying, Lyophilisa tion, roller drying and vacuum drying possible. The dry products can then be converted to traditional pharmaceutical forms such as B. Tablets, capsules, pellets, sachets or dry products too Reconstitution (e.g. for injectables) can be processed further.
Diminazen und Stearinsäure wurden im molaren Verhältnis 1 : 2 gemischt und erhitzt. Dabei entstand ein gelbes Konjugat.Diminazen and stearic acid were in a molar ratio of 1: 2 mixed and heated. This resulted in a yellow conjugate.
Diminazen und Stearinsäure wurden im molaren Verhältnis 1 : 2 in Ethanol gelöst und erhitzt. Nach vollständiger Lösung beider Komponenten wurde der Ethanol verdampft und als Rückstand eine gelbes Konjugat erhalten (identisch zu Beipiel 1).Diminazen and stearic acid were in the molar ratio 1: 2 dissolved in ethanol and heated. To The ethanol was completely dissolved in both components evaporated and obtained as a residue a yellow conjugate (identical to example 1).
Das Diminazen-Sterainsäure-Konjugat aus Beispiel 1 wurde mit Tensidlösung (1% Tween 80) angerieben und mit einem Hoch druckhomogenisator (Micron LAB 40, APV Deutschland GmbH, Lübeck, Deutschland) bei 15000 bar mit 15 Zyklen homogenisiert. Nach 15 Zyklen erhält man eine Dispersion von Diminazen-Stearinsäure- Nanopartikeln. Der mit Photonenkorrelationsspektroskopie (PCS, Malvern Zetasizer 4, Malvern Instruments, UK) bestimmte mittlere Durchmesser betrug 314 nm (Standardabweichung: 14 nm) mit einem Polydispersitätsindex (PI) von 0,214 (Standardabweichung 0,01). The diminazen-steric acid conjugate from Example 1 was rubbed with surfactant solution (1% Tween 80) and with a high pressure homogenizer (Micron LAB 40, APV Deutschland GmbH, Lübeck, Germany) at 15000 bar with 15 cycles. After 15 Cycles, a dispersion of diminazene-stearic acid Nanoparticles. The one with photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS, Malvern Zetasizer 4, Malvern Instruments, UK) certain medium Diameter was 314 nm (standard deviation: 14 nm) with a Polydispersity index (PI) of 0.214 (standard deviation 0.01).
Der mit der Laserdiffraktometrie gemessene Durchmesser 95% betrug 0,693 µm (Coulter LS 230, Coulter Electronics, Deutschland).The diameter measured by laser diffractometry was 95% 0.693 µm (Coulter LS 230, Coulter Electronics, Germany).
Das Diminazen-Stearinsäure-Konjugat wurde in Ethanol 96% gelöst (2,5% m/m) und mit einem Perfusor (Braun Melsungen, Deutschland) mit einer Rate von 60 ml/h in 40 ml einer 1%igen Tween 80 Lösung gepumpt. Das verwendete Kanülensystem war Venofix S, 30 cm, 0,5 mm - 25 G. In die Lösung tauchte ein Ultraschallstab ein. Die Zeit des Zuflusses betrug 20 min. Die Partikelgröße wurde mit PCS und Laserdiffraktometrie bestimmt: PCS-Durchmesser 462 nm mit einem PI Wert von 0,255. Der LD-Durchmesser 95% betrug 0,488 µm.The diminazene-stearic acid conjugate was dissolved in ethanol 96% dissolved (2.5% m / m) and with a perfuser (Braun Melsungen, Germany) at a rate of 60 ml / h in 40 ml of a 1% Tween 80 solution pumped. The cannula system used was Venofix S, 30 cm, 0.5 mm - 25 G. An ultrasonic wand was immersed in the solution on. The inflow time was 20 minutes. The particle size was determined with PCS and laser diffractometry: PCS diameter 462 nm with a PI value of 0.255. The LD diameter was 95% 0.488 µm.
Falls gewünscht, kann der Ethanol durch Evaporation entfernt werden. Nach Evaporation des Ethanols im Rotavapor betrugen der PCS-Durchmesser 456 nm und der PI Wert 0,275, d. h. Partikelgröße und Verteilung blieb unverändert.If desired, the ethanol can be removed by evaporation become. After evaporation of the ethanol in the Rotavapor, the PCS diameter 456 nm and PI value 0.275, i.e. H. Particle size and distribution remained unchanged.
Analog Beispiel 1 wurde Diminazen mit Ölsäure, einer flüssigen Fettsäure umgesetzt.Analogously to Example 1 was diminazene with oleic acid, one implemented liquid fatty acid.
Das Diminazen-Ölsäure-Konjugat aus Beispiel 5 wurde analog Beispiel 3 hochdruckhomogenisiert. Die erhaltenen Konjugat-Nanopartikel hatten einen PCS-Durchmesser von 472 nm und einen PI von 0, 268. Der LD-Durchmesser 95% Wert betrug 0,707 µm.The diminazene-oleic acid conjugate from Example 5 was high pressure homogenized analogously to Example 3. The received Conjugate nanoparticles had a PCS diameter of 472 nm and a PI of 0.268. The LD diameter 95% value was 0.707 μm.
Analog Beispiel 1 wurde SISPI als Arzneistoff eingesetzt und wie in Beispiel 3 mit Hochdruckhomogenisation zu Nanopartikeln verarbeitet. Der PCS- Durchmesser betrug 421 nm, der Polydispersitätsindex betrug 0,207.Analogous to Example 1, SISPI was used as a drug used and as in Example 3 with high pressure homogenization Processed nanoparticles. The PCS diameter was 421 nm, the polydispersity index was 0.207.
Claims (17)
Priority Applications (12)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19964085A DE19964085A1 (en) | 1999-12-27 | 1999-12-27 | Particulate solid drug carrier, providing retarded release and high bioavailability, comprising lipid-drug conjugate, e.g. tributyrin as source of cell differentiation inhibitor butyric acid |
| JP2000616825A JP2002544177A (en) | 1999-05-07 | 2000-05-08 | Pharmaceutical vehicles for controlled administration of active agents produced from lipid matrix-drug conjugates |
| AU45631/00A AU4563100A (en) | 1999-05-07 | 2000-05-08 | Medicament vehicle for the controlled administration of an active agent, produced from lipid matrix-medicament conjugates |
| US09/959,706 US6770299B1 (en) | 1999-05-07 | 2000-05-08 | Lipid matrix-drug conjugates particle for controlled release of active ingredient |
| BR0010356-0A BR0010356A (en) | 1999-05-07 | 2000-05-08 | Drug carrier for controlled administration of active ingredient, prepared from lipid-drug matrix conjugates (ldc particles) |
| DE50013950T DE50013950D1 (en) | 1999-05-07 | 2000-05-08 | MEDICAMENT CARRIER FOR CONTROLLED ACTIVE APPLICATION MADE FROM LIPID MATRIX DRUG CONJUGATES (LAC PARTICLES) |
| KR1020017014236A KR20020012215A (en) | 1999-05-07 | 2000-05-08 | Medicament vehicle for the controlled administration of an active agent, produced from lipid matrix-medicament conjugates |
| EP00927163A EP1176984B1 (en) | 1999-05-07 | 2000-05-08 | Medicament vehicle for the controlled administration of an active agent, produced from lipid matrix-medicament conjugates |
| TR2001/03187T TR200103187T2 (en) | 1999-05-07 | 2000-05-08 | Drug carrier prepared from lipid matrix-drug conjugates. |
| CA002372461A CA2372461A1 (en) | 1999-05-07 | 2000-05-08 | Medicament vehicle for the controlled administration of an active agent, produced from lipid matrix-medicament conjugates |
| MXPA01011347A MXPA01011347A (en) | 1999-05-07 | 2000-05-08 | Medicament vehicle for the controlled administration of an active agent, produced from lipid matrix-medicament conjugates. |
| PCT/EP2000/004111 WO2000067800A2 (en) | 1999-05-07 | 2000-05-08 | Medicament vehicle for the controlled administration of an active agent, produced from lipid matrix-medicament conjugates |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19964085A DE19964085A1 (en) | 1999-12-27 | 1999-12-27 | Particulate solid drug carrier, providing retarded release and high bioavailability, comprising lipid-drug conjugate, e.g. tributyrin as source of cell differentiation inhibitor butyric acid |
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| DE19964085A1 true DE19964085A1 (en) | 2001-07-12 |
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| DE19964085A Withdrawn DE19964085A1 (en) | 1999-05-07 | 1999-12-27 | Particulate solid drug carrier, providing retarded release and high bioavailability, comprising lipid-drug conjugate, e.g. tributyrin as source of cell differentiation inhibitor butyric acid |
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| DE (1) | DE19964085A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102005011786A1 (en) * | 2005-03-11 | 2006-09-14 | Pharmasol Gmbh | Process for preparing ultrafine submicron suspensions |
| DE102007025452A1 (en) | 2007-05-31 | 2008-12-04 | Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald | Surface coating method for precipitating layers onto e.g., medical appliances, involves pre-treating surface with plasma process before applying micro- or nano-particles and then fixing |
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| US5043280A (en) * | 1987-12-28 | 1991-08-27 | Schwarz Pharma Ag | Method and apparatus for the manufacture of a product having a substance embedded in a carrier |
| US5785976A (en) * | 1993-03-05 | 1998-07-28 | Pharmacia & Upjohn Ab | Solid lipid particles, particles of bioactive agents and methods for the manufacture and use thereof |
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- 1999-12-27 DE DE19964085A patent/DE19964085A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5043280A (en) * | 1987-12-28 | 1991-08-27 | Schwarz Pharma Ag | Method and apparatus for the manufacture of a product having a substance embedded in a carrier |
| US5785976A (en) * | 1993-03-05 | 1998-07-28 | Pharmacia & Upjohn Ab | Solid lipid particles, particles of bioactive agents and methods for the manufacture and use thereof |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
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| CAPLUS aus STN, benutzt am 18.10.00, DPMA München,AN 1999:722551, Olbrich C. etal., Proc. Int. Symp.Controlled Released Bioact. Mater. 1999, 26th, 933-4 * |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102005011786A1 (en) * | 2005-03-11 | 2006-09-14 | Pharmasol Gmbh | Process for preparing ultrafine submicron suspensions |
| DE102007025452A1 (en) | 2007-05-31 | 2008-12-04 | Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald | Surface coating method for precipitating layers onto e.g., medical appliances, involves pre-treating surface with plasma process before applying micro- or nano-particles and then fixing |
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