DE19956218A1 - Cylinder head for four-stroke internal combustion engine, with free flow cross section for exhaust gas sharply choked between different planes - Google Patents

Abstract

The cylinder head has the fresh gas system channel (7.4) with collector (7.5) set by a jet at a right angle to the axis of the exhaust channel (7.6) in the plane of a choking of the exhaust gas channel in front of the control valve. The Bernoulli effect thus produced is used to prevent exhaust gas entering the fresh gas channel.

Description

The invention relates to the control of the charge change of 4-stroke Ver internal combustion engines, except carburetor engines, with mechanical control organs, preferably valves, are equipped and with the other in the preambles of claims 1 to 7 mentioned generic characteristics.

Control of this type is not known.

In the previously known controls, the channels for fresh gas and Exhaust gas controlled separately and are compared to the invention order has the following disadvantages:

The passage cross-sections of the control elements are when the charge changes used separately for fresh gas and exhaust gas. That is why the technical out management of the respective channels only a parity share of the free supervisors Area of the combustion chamber available in the cylinder head.

The kinetic energy of the exhaust gas flow cannot be directly with the cargo change can be used.

The advantages achievable with the invention are:

• - Enlargement of the passage cross-sections for the respective cycles at Charge change,
• - Immediate use of the kinetic energy of the exhaust gas for tax generation of fresh gas flow,
• - Reduction in the number of moving parts and their work cycles to control the engine and  
• - simple manufacture of the cylinder head
  with the benefits
• - increasing the thermal and mechanical efficiency of the engine,
• - Reduction of the manufacturing effort for the engine and
• - Reduction of the vehicle's resistance to movement as a result of Ge weight reduction of the engine.

The following embodiments of cylinder heads with a valve as Control body are shown in the pictures:

A basic model picture 1 of a cylinder head with the assemblies

• - working cylinder ( figure 1, item 1.1 ),
• - Tax body ( Figure 1, Section 1.4 ),
• - Fresh gas duct ( Fig. 1, Section 1.2.3 ) with a central connection to the collector duct ( Fig. 1, Section 1.2.2 ) and nozzle ( Fig. 1, Section 1.2.1 ) as well as the other features
• - flow channel between collector ( Fig. 2.2, Section 2.2.2 ) and outlet duct ( Fig. 2.2, Section 2.2.4 and Fig. 2.2, Section 2.2.3 ) for controlling the fresh gas,
• - Tangential junction of the fresh gas duct ( Figure 3, Section 3.1 ) in the collector ( Figure 3, Section 3.2 ) for swirl generation,
• - flow channel (Figure 5, point 5.1.) Between exhaust gas duct (Figure 5, point 5.2.) And fresh gas channel (Figure 5, point 5.3.) With a control member (Figure 5, point 5.4.) For exhaust gas recirculation.

The technical design of the functional sample of a three-part cylinder head ( Fig. 7) consists of

• - Upper part ( Figure 7, Section 7.1 ) with exhaust duct ( Figure 7, Section 7.6 ),
• - Lower part ( Figure 7, item 7.2 ) with combustion chamber and
  Ignition device (center line: Figure 7, Section 7.9 ),
  Injector (center line: Figure 7, Section 7.8 ),
  Measuring probe (center line: Figure 7, Section 7.10 ) and
• - Middle section ( Fig. 7, Section 7.3 ) with collector ( Fig. 7, Section 7.5 ) and nozzle ( Fig. 1, Section 7.2.1 ) as well as a fresh gas duct connected centrally to the collector ( Fig. 7, Section 7.4 )
  Injection nozzle (center line: Figure 7, Section 7.7 ).

The function was in the equipment variant intake manifold injection proven.

The procedure described for the charge change is basically suitable additionally for all known liquid and gaseous fuels.

B Models ( Figure 4.1 and Figure 4.2) of a cylinder head with the assemblies

• - tax body,
• - Fresh gas duct with direct connection ( Figure 4.1, Section 4.1.1 and Section 4.1.3 ) or indirect connection by means of an annular duct ( Figure 4.2, Section 4.2.1 and Section 4.2.3 ),
• - outlet duct ( Figure 4.1, Section 4.1.2 and Figure 4.2.2.

The ring channel improves the internal cooling of the cylinder head.

C Camshaft with a speed of a quarter of the speed of the crankshaft ( Figure 6, Section 6.2 : control diagram).

Physical basics Embodiment A

• - Bernoulli equation for stationary and non-stationary flow,
• - pulse set.

As a result of the reduction in the size of the flow cross-section for the Ab gas in the area of the connection level for the fresh gas nozzles becomes static Pressure in the exhaust gas is reduced so far that the fresh gas transversely to the exhaust gas flow is sucked in.

A backflow of exhaust gas during the intake stroke of the engine can due to the large initial impulse of the exhaust gas flow.

Embodiment B

• - Pressure change perpendicular to the direction of flow with curved flow lines and
• - pulse set.

As a result of the mass forces (centrifugal forces) there are curvatures of Flow channels on the inner edge to a reduction and on the outer edge to an increase in static pressure.

The pressure difference to the static pressure in the fresh gas duct becomes Control of the flows of fresh gas used.

A backflow of exhaust gas can as above. not done.  

List of reference symbols Figure 7

7.1

Upper part with exhaust duct

7.2

Lower part with combustion chamber,
Ignition device (center line:

image

7, no.

7.9

)
Injector (center line: Fig. 7, no.

7.8

)
Measuring probe (center line:

image

7, no.

7.10

)

7.3

Middle part with collector and nozzle as well as fresh gas duct with Injector (center line:

image

7, no.

7.7

)

7.4

Fresh gas channel

7.5

Collector

7.6

Exhaust duct

7.7

Injector (center line:

image

7)

7.8

Injection element for the combustion chamber (center line rotated in the cutting plane)

7.9

Ignition device (center line rotated in the cutting plane)

7.10

Measuring probe (center line rotated in the cutting plane)

Claims (7)

1. Cylinder heads for 4-stroke internal combustion engines ( Figure 1) characterized in that between the working cylinder ( Figure 1, Section 1.1 ) and the channels for fresh gas ( Figure 1, Section 1.2.1 to 1.2.3 ) and for exhaust gas ( Figure 1, Section 1.3 ), for which previously separate control units were available, there is only one control unit for the gas exchange, preferably a valve ( Figure 1, Section 1.4 ), which can also be present several times in the same function, whereby immediately behind the control unit, in the flow direction of the exhaust gases, fresh gas duct and exhaust duct up to the confluence of the fresh gas system in the exhaust duct ( Figure 1, Section 1.2.1 ) are identical, as well as with the other features,

• 1. A that the free flow cross-section for the exhaust gas, according to the Bernoulli principle for influencing the state parameters in the flow of gases, in the plane of the confluence of the fresh gas system ( Figure 1, level C), based on the free outlet flow cross-section in the level of the tax authority ( Figure 1, level B), is constricted, and
• 2. B that the free flow cross-section of the exhaust gas duct ( Figure 1, Section 1.3 ) in the flow direction of the exhaust gas behind the mouth of the fresh gas duct is designed with a minimal curvature and is increased analogously to the cross-sectional expansion of a Laval nozzle, the exhaust gas duct also after the Junction of the fresh gas channel divided, may preferably be present twice, and
• 3. C that the suction system, consisting of the

• - Nozzles ( Fig. 1, Clause 1.2.1 ) with the opening cross-sections parallel to the flow direction of the exhaust gas flow, lying in the plane of the maximum constriction of the flow channel between the control element ( Fig. 1, Clause 1.4 ) and exhaust gas duct ( Fig. 1, Clause 1.3 ) ( Image 1, level C), the
• - Collector channel ( picture 1, section 1.2.2 ) and the
• - Suction channel ( Figure 1, Section 1.2.3 ), whereby there may also be several suction channels,

basically with the exhaust system as the geometric center. 2. Cylinder heads according to claim 1 ( Figure 2.1), characterized in that the cylinder heads from several, preferably three parts, the

• - Upper parts ( Figure 2.1, Section 2.1.1 ), the
• - Subdivisions ( Figure 2.1, Section 2.1.2 ) with the combustion chambers and the
• - Middle sections ( picture 2.1, section 2.1.3 ) with the collector channels ( picture 2.1, section 2.1.4 , picture 2.2, section 2.2.2 )

consist. 3. Cylinder heads according to claim 1, characterized in that the suction line ( Fig. 3, Section 3.1 ) is guided tangentially into the collector ( Fig. 3, Section 3.2 ) and can also be present several times, preferably in pairs. 4. Cylinder heads according to claim 1, characterized in that between the collector ( Figure 2.2, Section 2.2.2 ) and the exhaust duct ( Figure 2.2, Section 2.2.4 ) on the side of the exhaust duct facing the center of curvature of the exhaust duct, a flow duct ( Fig 2.2, section 2.2.3 ). 5. Cylinder heads according to claim 1, preferably for internal combustion engines with fresh gas charging, characterized in that the

• - Suction channel ( Fig. 4.1, Clause 4.1.1 ) in the area of the maximum curvature of the exhaust duct ( Fig. 4.1, Clause 4.1.2 ) is integrated into the exhaust duct on the side facing the center of curvature of the exhaust duct ( Fig. 4.1, Clause. 4.1.3 ), whereby the suction channel can be led directly to the nozzle ( Figure 4.1, Section 4.1.3 and View A) or indirectly via a collector or an annular channel ( Figure 4.2, Section 4.2.1 ) with which Exhaust duct ( Fig. 4.2, Section 4.2.2 ) as the geometric center with which the nozzle ( Fig. 4.2, Section 4.2.3 ) is connected and the
• - Exhaust duct ( Figure 4.1, Section 4.1.2 and Figure 4.2, Section 4.2.2 ) is designed with maximum curvature.

6. Motors with cylinder heads according to claim 1, characterized by a mechanical drive of the control members,
that the speed of the camshaft is a quarter of the crankshaft speed ( Figure 6, Section 6.2 ) with the further feature,
that two cams are attached to the camshaft for one control member each. 7. Cylinder heads according to claim 1, characterized in
that between the exhaust duct ( Fig. 5, Section 5.2 ) and the suction duct ( Fig. 5, Section 5.3 ) on the side of the exhaust duct facing away from the center of curvature of the exhaust duct there is a connecting duct ( Fig. 5, Section 5.1 ) with the further feature,
that the connecting channel has a control element ( Figure 5, Section 5.4 ).