DE19948827A1 - Flow rate measurement system uses X-ray particle image velocimetry is suitable for opaque fluids and vessels - Google Patents
Flow rate measurement system uses X-ray particle image velocimetry is suitable for opaque fluids and vesselsInfo
- Publication number
- DE19948827A1 DE19948827A1 DE1999148827 DE19948827A DE19948827A1 DE 19948827 A1 DE19948827 A1 DE 19948827A1 DE 1999148827 DE1999148827 DE 1999148827 DE 19948827 A DE19948827 A DE 19948827A DE 19948827 A1 DE19948827 A1 DE 19948827A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- ray
- rays
- opaque
- particles
- liquids
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title abstract description 3
- 238000000917 particle-image velocimetry Methods 0.000 title description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012800 visualization Methods 0.000 claims 1
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000005251 gamma ray Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004599 local-density approximation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P5/00—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
- G01P5/005—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by using a jet directed into the fluid
- G01P5/006—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by using a jet directed into the fluid the jet used is composed of ionised or radioactive particles
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P5/00—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
- G01P5/18—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring the time taken to traverse a fixed distance
- G01P5/22—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring the time taken to traverse a fixed distance using auto-correlation or cross-correlation detection means
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren, bei dem die Geschwindigkeit in Gas- oder Flüssigkeitsströmungen mittels undurchsichtige Materie durchdringende Strahlung, z. B. Röntgen- oder Gammastrahlung, berührungslos gemessen wird. Dies ist insbesondere dann von Vorteil, wenn in Strömungen gemessen werden muß, bei denen sonst übliche optische Verfahren versagen.The invention relates to a method in which the speed in gas or Liquid flows through opaque matter penetrating radiation, e.g. B. X-ray or gamma radiation is measured without contact. This is especially so an advantage if measurements have to be taken in currents in which otherwise usual optical Procedures fail.
Zur Geschwindigkeitsmessung in Strömungen existiert eine Vielzahl von Verfahren. Häufig werden Verfahren auf der Basis von Lichtstrahlen eingesetzt (z. B. Laser-Doppler-Velocimetry und Particle Image Velocimetry), weil sie berührungslos die Geschwindigkeitsmessung ermöglichen. Bedingung dafür ist ein optischer Zugang und ein durchsichtiges Strömungsmedium mit optisch homogenen Eigenschaften. Für viele Gas- und Flüssigkeitsströmungen sind diese Bedingungen erfüllbar. Manchmal ist es aber nicht möglich, einen optischen Zugang zu ermöglichen. Dazu gehören Strömungen in Brenn- oder Druckkammern, in denen aus technischen Gründen kein durchsichtiges Wandmaterial eingesetzt werden kann. Außerdem existieren Strömungen eines undurchsichtigen Mediums, z. B. Schlammströmungen. Desweiteren existieren Strömungen mit inhomogenen optischen Eigenschaften, z. B. Blasenströmungen, bei denen der Brechungsindex sich sprunghaft ändert. In all diesen Strömungen versagen die optischen Methoden, weil entweder die Strömung durch die Lichtstrahlen nicht erreicht wird oder weil die Lichtstrahlen die Strömung nicht durchdringen können. Auch ein Ausweichen in den ultravioletten oder infraroten Bereich des Lichtes erweitert den Einsatzbereich nur unwesentlich.There are a variety of methods for measuring velocity in currents. Frequently methods based on light beams are used (e.g. laser Doppler velocimetry and Particle Image Velocimetry) because they measure speed without contact enable. The condition for this is an optical access and a transparent one Flow medium with optically homogeneous properties. For many gas and These conditions can be met by liquid flows. But sometimes it is not possible to allow optical access. This includes flows in burning or Pressure chambers in which, for technical reasons, no transparent wall material can be used. There are also currents of an opaque medium e.g. B. Mud flows. Furthermore, there are flows with inhomogeneous optical Properties, e.g. B. bubble flows in which the refractive index changes abruptly. In all these currents the optical methods fail because either the flow through the light rays are not reached or because the light rays do not flow can penetrate. Also switching to the ultraviolet or infrared range of the Light extends the area of application only insignificantly.
Weiterhin sind Verfahren zur Geschwindigkeitsmessung in Strömungen auf der Basis von Ultraschall bekannt Ultraschall wird jedoch auch an Blasen reflektiert und es treten die gleichen Schwierigkeiten auf wie bei der Anwendung von Licht.Furthermore, methods for speed measurement in flows are based on Ultrasound known However, ultrasound is also reflected on bubbles and they occur same difficulties as when using light.
Weiterhin sind Verfahren zur Geschwindigkeitsmessung in Strömungen mit Sonden bekannt (z. B. Mikropropeller, Prandl- und Pitotrohr). Diese stören aber die Strömung, da sie nicht berührungslos arbeiten, und benötigen außerdem einen Zugang von außerhalb in die Strömung.Methods for measuring the speed in flows using probes are also known (e.g. micro propeller, Prandl and Pitot tube). However, these disturb the flow, since they are not work without contact and also require access from outside to the Flow.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, die oben erwähnten Nachteile der bisherigen Lösungen zu vermeiden und die Aufgabe auf technisch bessere Weise zu lösen.The invention is based, the above-mentioned disadvantages of the previous task Avoid solutions and solve the task in a technically better way.
Dies wird dadurch erreicht, daß nicht Lichtstrahlen zur Geschwindigkeitsmessung verwendet werden, sondern undurchsichtige Materie durchdringende Strahlung, z. B. Röntgenstrahlen. Letztere haben den Vorteil, daß sie durch viele Materialien dringen können, die für Licht völlig undurchdringlich sind, und daß sie nicht durch Phasengrenzen (z. B. Gas-Flüssigkeit) abgelenkt werden.This is achieved by not using light beams for speed measurement become, but opaque matter penetrating radiation, e.g. B. X-rays. The latter have the advantage that they can penetrate many materials that are completely light are impenetrable and that they are not separated by phase boundaries (e.g. gas-liquid) to get distracted.
Das Prinzip der Geschwindigkeitsmessung ist die häufig verwendete Particle Tracking Methode oder Particle Image Velocimetry. Bei diesen Methoden wird die Bewegung des Fluids aus der Bewegung von mit der Strömung mitschwimmenden Partikeln ermittelt. Diese Partikel werden fotografisch oder per Videokamera zu zwei unterschiedlichen Zeitpunkten aufgenommen und aus der Verschiebung der Partikel kann ein Rückschluß auf das Geschwindigkeitsfeld der Strömung gemacht werden.The principle of speed measurement is the frequently used particle tracking Method or particle image velocimetry. With these methods, the movement of the fluid determined from the movement of particles floating with the flow. These particles become photographic or by video camera at two different times recorded and from the displacement of the particles a conclusion on the Velocity field of the flow can be made.
Bei der Erfindung werden als mitschwimmende Partikel röntgendichte Teilchen verwendet. Beispielsweise können Partikel aus Blei in Styropor (zur Justierung der Dichte) verwendet werden. Die Bewegung der mitschwimmenden Partikel kann mit Röntgenfilmen aufgezeichnet werden. Die zur Auswertung der Bilder nötigen Algorithmen sind schon vorhanden, weil die gleichen eingesetzt werden können, die bei der Particle Tracking Methode oder Particle Image Velocimetry verwendet werden.In the invention, X-ray-tight particles are used as floating particles. For example, particles of lead in polystyrene (to adjust the density) can be used become. The movement of the floating particles can be recorded with X-ray films become. The algorithms necessary for the evaluation of the images already exist because the same can be used with the particle tracking method or particle image Velocimetry can be used.
Mit dieser Erfindung ist es möglich, die Geschwindigkeit von Strömungen zu messen, die lichtundurchlässig sind, die keinen optischen Zugang besitzen oder die Phasengrenzen besitzen.With this invention it is possible to measure the velocity of flows that are opaque, have no optical access or have phase boundaries have.
Wenn zwei Röntgenstrahlen oder zwei anderen undurchsichtige Materie durchdringenden Strahlen verwendet werden, ist es möglich, alle drei Komponenten der Geschwindigkeit zu erhalten. Dazu muß ein Winkel zwischen den beiden Strahlen existieren, so daß die Position der röntgendichten Partikel oder röntgendichten Lösungen aus zwei Aufnahmen (eine aus jeder Richtung) dreidimensional erfaßt werden kann. Mit Hilfe eines zweiten Paares von Aufnahmen zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt kann die Verschiebung der röntgendichten Partikel oder röntgendichten Lösungen und damit die Geschwindigkeit der Strömung ermittelt werden. Eine Ausbildung der Erfindung ist in Fig. 1 gezeigt. Die Strahlen 1 und 2 gehen von ihrer jeweiligen Quelle (Q1 und Q2) durch den Punkt 3. Ist dieser ein röntgendichtes Partikel oder besteht er aus einer röntgendichten Lösung, so entstehen zwei Schattenwürfe 4 und 5 auf den Empfängerbildschirmen 6 und 7. Aus der Lage der Schattenwürfe 4 und 5 ist eine Rekonstruktion der Position des Partikels im dreidimensionalen Raum möglich. Wird eine zweite Aufnahme zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt gemacht, so kann die Verschiebung des röntgendichten Partikels oder der röntgendichten Lösung und damit die Geschwindigkeit bestimmt werden.If two x-rays or two other opaque matter-penetrating rays are used, it is possible to get all three components of the velocity. To do this, there must be an angle between the two beams so that the position of the X-ray-dense particles or X-ray-dense solutions can be recorded three-dimensionally from two images (one from each direction). With the help of a second pair of recordings at a later point in time, the displacement of the radiopaque particles or radiopaque solutions and thus the speed of the flow can be determined. An embodiment of the invention is shown in Fig. 1. Rays 1 and 2 go from their respective sources (Q1 and Q2) through point 3 . If this is an X-ray-tight particle or if it consists of an X-ray-tight solution, two shadow casts 4 and 5 are created on the receiver screens 6 and 7 . A reconstruction of the position of the particle in three-dimensional space is possible from the position of shadow casts 4 and 5 . If a second picture is taken at a later time, the displacement of the radiopaque particle or the radiopaque solution and thus the speed can be determined.
Claims (4)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE1999148827 DE19948827A1 (en) | 1999-10-06 | 1999-10-06 | Flow rate measurement system uses X-ray particle image velocimetry is suitable for opaque fluids and vessels |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE1999148827 DE19948827A1 (en) | 1999-10-06 | 1999-10-06 | Flow rate measurement system uses X-ray particle image velocimetry is suitable for opaque fluids and vessels |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE19948827A1 true DE19948827A1 (en) | 2001-04-12 |
Family
ID=7925161
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE1999148827 Withdrawn DE19948827A1 (en) | 1999-10-06 | 1999-10-06 | Flow rate measurement system uses X-ray particle image velocimetry is suitable for opaque fluids and vessels |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
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| DE (1) | DE19948827A1 (en) |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2083249A2 (en) | 2008-01-22 | 2009-07-29 | Michael Dues | Method and device for producing optical access for fluids for flow measurements |
| WO2010083812A1 (en) | 2009-01-22 | 2010-07-29 | Michael Dues | Method for measuring a flow, installation unit and measuring apparatus |
| WO2011032210A1 (en) * | 2009-09-16 | 2011-03-24 | Monash University | Particle image velocimetry suitable for x-ray projection imaging |
| US9025849B2 (en) | 2009-09-16 | 2015-05-05 | Monash University | Partical image velocimetry suitable for X-ray projection imaging |
| CN110260945A (en) * | 2019-07-09 | 2019-09-20 | 北京大学 | Total-reflection type gas-liquid interface Method of flow visualization and gas-liquid interface location recognition method |
| US10674987B2 (en) | 2014-04-15 | 2020-06-09 | 4Dx Limited | Method of imaging motion of an organ |
| US11278256B2 (en) | 2016-03-04 | 2022-03-22 | 4DMedical Limited | Method and system for imaging |
| US11723617B2 (en) | 2016-02-03 | 2023-08-15 | 4DMedical Limited | Method and system for imaging |
| CN116698355A (en) * | 2023-08-02 | 2023-09-05 | 交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究所 | Wave experimental device and experimental method based on X-ray technology |
| US12102414B2 (en) | 2017-02-28 | 2024-10-01 | 4DMedical Limited | Method of scanning and assessing lung and vascular health |
-
1999
- 1999-10-06 DE DE1999148827 patent/DE19948827A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2083249A2 (en) | 2008-01-22 | 2009-07-29 | Michael Dues | Method and device for producing optical access for fluids for flow measurements |
| DE102008005886A1 (en) | 2008-01-22 | 2009-08-13 | Dues, Michael, Dr.-Ing. | Method and apparatus for providing optical accessibility to fluids for flow measurements |
| WO2010083812A1 (en) | 2009-01-22 | 2010-07-29 | Michael Dues | Method for measuring a flow, installation unit and measuring apparatus |
| DE102009005800A1 (en) | 2009-01-22 | 2010-07-29 | Dues, Michael, Dr.-Ing. | Optical flow measurement |
| US9036887B2 (en) | 2009-09-16 | 2015-05-19 | Monash University | Particle image velocimetry suitable for X-ray projection imaging |
| US9025849B2 (en) | 2009-09-16 | 2015-05-05 | Monash University | Partical image velocimetry suitable for X-ray projection imaging |
| WO2011032210A1 (en) * | 2009-09-16 | 2011-03-24 | Monash University | Particle image velocimetry suitable for x-ray projection imaging |
| US9370334B2 (en) | 2009-09-16 | 2016-06-21 | Monash University | Particle image velocimetry suitable for X-ray projection imaging |
| US10674987B2 (en) | 2014-04-15 | 2020-06-09 | 4Dx Limited | Method of imaging motion of an organ |
| US11660059B2 (en) | 2014-04-15 | 2023-05-30 | 4DMedical Limited | Apparatus and method of imaging |
| US11723617B2 (en) | 2016-02-03 | 2023-08-15 | 4DMedical Limited | Method and system for imaging |
| US11278256B2 (en) | 2016-03-04 | 2022-03-22 | 4DMedical Limited | Method and system for imaging |
| US12102414B2 (en) | 2017-02-28 | 2024-10-01 | 4DMedical Limited | Method of scanning and assessing lung and vascular health |
| CN110260945A (en) * | 2019-07-09 | 2019-09-20 | 北京大学 | Total-reflection type gas-liquid interface Method of flow visualization and gas-liquid interface location recognition method |
| CN116698355A (en) * | 2023-08-02 | 2023-09-05 | 交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究所 | Wave experimental device and experimental method based on X-ray technology |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8139 | Disposal/non-payment of the annual fee |