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DE19917000A1 - Primary lithium ion cell, especially button cell, has positive electrode active material comprising PTFE - Google Patents

Primary lithium ion cell, especially button cell, has positive electrode active material comprising PTFE

Info

Publication number
DE19917000A1
DE19917000A1 DE19917000A DE19917000A DE19917000A1 DE 19917000 A1 DE19917000 A1 DE 19917000A1 DE 19917000 A DE19917000 A DE 19917000A DE 19917000 A DE19917000 A DE 19917000A DE 19917000 A1 DE19917000 A1 DE 19917000A1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
lithium
positive electrode
active material
cell
ptfe
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
DE19917000A
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Peter Baeuerlein
Bianca Edelmann
Johanna Oberhauser
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
VARTA Microbattery GmbH
Original Assignee
VARTA Geraetebatterie GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by VARTA Geraetebatterie GmbH filed Critical VARTA Geraetebatterie GmbH
Priority to DE19917000A priority Critical patent/DE19917000A1/en
Publication of DE19917000A1 publication Critical patent/DE19917000A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M6/00Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M6/04Cells with aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M6/06Dry cells, i.e. cells wherein the electrolyte is rendered non-fluid
    • H01M6/12Dry cells, i.e. cells wherein the electrolyte is rendered non-fluid with flat electrodes
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/60Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of organic compounds
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/60Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of organic compounds
    • H01M4/602Polymers
    • H01M4/604Polymers containing aliphatic main chain polymers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M6/00Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M6/14Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M6/16Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with organic electrolyte
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/109Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure of button or coin shape
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Primary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

Die Erfindung betrifft eine primäre Lithium-Ionen-Zelle, die mindestens eine negative Elektrode und mindestens eine durch einen Separator davon getrennte positive Elektrode sowie einen nichtwäßrigen Lithium-Ionen leitenden Elektrolyten in einem gasdichten Gehäuse besitzt, wobei das aktive Material der negativen Elektrode aus Lithiummetall oder einer Lithiumlegierung und das aktive Material der positiven Elektrode aus Polytetrafluorethylen besteht.The invention relates to a primary lithium-ion cell which has at least one negative electrode and at least one positive electrode separated by a separator and a non-aqueous lithium-ion-conducting electrolyte in a gas-tight housing, the active material of the negative electrode being made of lithium metal or a lithium alloy and the active material of the positive electrode consists of polytetrafluoroethylene.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine primäre Lithium-Ionen-Zelle, die mindestens eine negative Elektro­ de und mindestens eine durch einen Separator davon getrennte positive Elektrode sowie einen nichtwäßrigen Lithium-Ionen leitenden Elektrolyten in einem gasdichten Gehäuse be­ sitzt, wobei das aktive Material der negativen Elektrode aus Lithiummetall oder einer Lithium­ legierung besteht.The invention relates to a primary lithium-ion cell, which has at least one negative electric de and at least one positive electrode separated therefrom by a separator and a non-aqueous lithium-ion conductive electrolyte in a gas-tight housing sits, the active material of the negative electrode made of lithium metal or a lithium alloy is made.

Aus den Dokumenten US 3,514,337, US 4,248,946, US 5,246,795 und EP-A 0 840 389 sind Lithium-Ionen-Zellen der vorgenannten Art bekannt. Das Lithiummetall oder die Lithiumlegie­ rung wird vorzugsweise auf ein metallisches Trägermaterial, wie Nickel-, Kupfer- oder Titan­ streckmetall, aufgebracht. Als Separatormaterial werden ein oder mehrschichtige poröse Polypropylen-, Polyethylen-Folien oder Glasfaservliese eingesetzt. Die nichtwäßrigen Elektrolyte sind vorzugsweise 1molare Lösungen von Lithiumsalzen wie LiPF6, LiAsF6, LiBF4 oder LiClO4 in Mischungen von cyclischen und linearen Carbonaten, wie Ethylen- (EC) oder Propylencarbonat (PC) und Diethyl- (DEC) oder Dimethylcarbonat (DMC), und cyclischen oder linearen Ketonen oder Ethern, wie beispielsweise Methylethylketon (MEK), Butyrolac­ ton oder Tetrahydrofuran (THF), dar. Die positiven Elektroden der bekannten Lithium-Ionen- Zellen bestehen aus fluorierten Kohlenstoffverbindungen (CnFx), die vorzugsweise durch Hochtemperaturfluorierung von Graphiten erhalten werden. Diese fluorierten Kohlenstoffver­ bindungen werden zusammen mit Leitmitteln wie Ruß-, Graphit-, Kupfer-, Nickel- oder Silberpulvern und Bindemitteln wie Polytetrafluorethylen (PTFE) zu Tabletten gepreßt und mit metallischen Ableitern wie Folien, Lochbleche, Streckmetallgitter, Netze oder Vliese aus Metallen wie Nickel, Aluminium oder Titan versehen.Lithium-ion cells of the aforementioned type are known from documents US Pat. No. 3,514,337, US Pat. No. 4,248,946, US Pat. No. 5,246,795 and EP-A 0 840 389. The lithium metal or lithium alloy is preferably applied to a metallic carrier material, such as nickel, copper or titanium expanded metal. One or multi-layer porous polypropylene, polyethylene foils or glass fiber fleeces are used as separator material. The non-aqueous electrolytes are preferably 1 molar solutions of lithium salts such as LiPF 6 , LiAsF 6 , LiBF 4 or LiClO 4 in mixtures of cyclic and linear carbonates such as ethylene (EC) or propylene carbonate (PC) and diethyl (DEC) or dimethyl carbonate (DMC ), and cyclic or linear ketones or ethers, such as methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), butyrolactone or tetrahydrofuran (THF). The positive electrodes of the known lithium-ion cells consist of fluorinated carbon compounds (C n F x ), which are preferably can be obtained by high temperature fluorination of graphites. These fluorinated carbon compounds are pressed together with conductive agents such as carbon black, graphite, copper, nickel or silver powders and binders such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) into tablets and with metallic conductors such as foils, perforated sheets, expanded metal grids, nets or nonwovens made of metals such as nickel , Aluminum or titanium.

Die Erfindung hat sich die Aufgabe gestellt, eine primäre Lithium-Ionen-Zelle anzugeben, die durch Verwendung eines neuen aktiven Materials für die positive Elektrode eine hohe Energiedichte besitzt.The object of the invention is to provide a primary lithium-ion cell which high by using a new active material for the positive electrode Owns energy density.

Erfindungsgemäß wird die Aufgabe durch die gattungsgemäß angegebene Lithium-Ionen- Zelle gelöst, welche die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 aufweist.According to the invention, the object is specified by the generic lithium ion Solved cell, which has the features of claim 1.

Weitere vorzugsweise Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung und die bevorzugte Bauform für die erfindungsgemäßen Lithium-Ionen-Zellen sind in den Ansprüchen 2 bis 4 dargelegt.Further preferred embodiments of the invention and the preferred design for the Lithium-ion cells according to the invention are set out in claims 2 to 4.

Überraschenderweise wurde gefunden, daß das bisher nur als Bindemittel eingesetzte Poly­ tetrafluorethylen (PTFE) als aktives Material in der positiven Elektrode dient. Dabei kann es nicht nur die der Umsetzung gemäß der Reaktionsgleichung:

(C2F2)n + 4ne- → n (2 C + 4 F-)
Surprisingly, it was found that the poly tetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) previously used only as a binder serves as an active material in the positive electrode. It can not only be the implementation according to the reaction equation:

(C 2 F 2 ) n + 4ne - → n (2 C + 4 F - )

pro g PTFE die theoretisch errechnete spezifische Kapazität von 1072 mAh/g sondern je nach Entladebedingung sogar bis zu 1266 mAh/g erreichen.per g PTFE the theoretically calculated specific capacity of 1072 mAh / g but each can even reach up to 1266 mAh / g after the discharge condition.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend an Hand von zwei Beispielen und den damit erhaltenen Entladekurven näher erläutert.The invention is illustrated below with the aid of two examples and those obtained therewith Discharge curves explained in more detail.

Es zeigen:Show it:

Fig. 1 Die Entladekurve einer Knopfzelle, die dem Beispiel 1 entspricht und Fig. 1 The discharge curve of a button cell, which corresponds to Example 1 and

Fig. 2 Die Entladekurve einer Knopfzelle, die dem Beispiel 2 entspricht. Fig. 2 The discharge curve of a button cell, which corresponds to Example 2.

Beispiel 1example 1

In einer Knopfzelle werden als negative Elektrode 5 Scheiben einer 0.25 mm dicken Lithium­ folie eingelegt. Als positive Elektrode wird ein 85 : 15 Gew.-% Gemisch aus Ni-Pulver und PTFE eingesetzt. Dazu werden 17 g Ni-Pulver und 3 g PTFE 15 Minuten gemischt und aus 250 mg bei einem Anpreßdruck von 15 kp/cm2 eine Elektrodentablette mit 2 cm2 Elektroden­ fläche gepreßt, die vor dem Einbau in das Knopfzellengehäuse über Nacht im Hochvakuum getrocknet wird. Als Separator wird ein Polypropylenylies (Celgard 3535; P334) verwendet. Der Elektrolyt besteht aus einer 1molaren Lösung von LiPF6 in einem aus EC/DMC/DEC bestehenden Lösemittelgemisch mit dem Volumenverhältnis 2/2/1. Bei der Entladung mit einem Entladestrom von 25 µA/cm2 bis zu einer Entladeschlußspannung von 0 V werden ca. 1250 mAh entladen.In a button cell, 5 slices of 0.25 mm thick lithium foil are inserted as a negative electrode. An 85: 15% by weight mixture of Ni powder and PTFE is used as the positive electrode. For this purpose, 17 g of Ni powder and 3 g of PTFE are mixed for 15 minutes and an electrode tablet with 2 cm 2 of electrode surface is pressed from 250 mg at a contact pressure of 15 kp / cm 2 , which is dried in a high vacuum overnight before being installed in the button cell housing . A polypropylene resin (Celgard 3535; P334) is used as the separator. The electrolyte consists of a 1 molar solution of LiPF 6 in a solvent mixture consisting of EC / DMC / DEC with a volume ratio of 2/2/1. When discharging with a discharge current of 25 µA / cm 2 up to a final discharge voltage of 0 V, approx. 1250 mAh are discharged.

Beispiel 2Example 2

Gemäß Beispiel 1 wird eine Knopfzelle hergestellt mit dem Unterschied, daß zur Herstellung der positiven Elektrodentablette ein 50 : 50 Gew.-% Gemisch von Ni-Pulver und PTFE einge­ setzt wird. Bei einer Entladung mit einem Entladestrom von 0,5 mA/cm2 bis zu einer Entlade­ schlußspannung von 0 V werden ca. 750 mAh entladen.According to Example 1, a button cell is produced with the difference that a 50:50% by weight mixture of Ni powder and PTFE is used to produce the positive electrode tablet. With a discharge with a discharge current of 0.5 mA / cm 2 up to a discharge voltage of 0 V approx. 750 mAh are discharged.

Claims (4)

1. Primäre Lithium-Ionen-Zelle, die mindestens eine negative Elektrode und mindestens eine durch einen Separator davon getrennte positive Elektrode sowie einen nichtwäßrigen Lithium-Ionen leitenden Elektrolyten in einem gasdichten Gehäuse besitzt, wobei das ak­ tive Material der negativen Elektrode aus Lithiummetall oder einer Lithiumlegierung be­ steht, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das aktive Material der positive Elektrode aus Poly­ tetrafluorethylen besteht.1. Primary lithium-ion cell, which has at least one negative electrode and at least one positive electrode separated by a separator and a non-aqueous lithium-ion-conducting electrolyte in a gas-tight housing, the active material of the negative electrode made of lithium metal or Lithium alloy be, characterized in that the active material of the positive electrode consists of poly tetrafluoroethylene. 2. Lithium-Ionen-Zelle nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die positive Elektrode 30 bis 70 Gew.-% Polytetrafluorethylen enthält.2. Lithium-ion cell according to claim 1, characterized in that the positive electrode Contains 30 to 70 wt .-% polytetrafluoroethylene. 3. Lithium-Ionen-Zelle nach Anspruch 1 und/oder Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die positive Elektrode Nickel-, Kupfer-, Silber- oder Graphitpulver enthält.3. Lithium-ion cell according to claim 1 and / or claim 2, characterized in that the positive electrode contains nickel, copper, silver or graphite powder. 4. Lithium-Ionen-Zelle nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekenn­ zeichnet, daß die Zelle die Form einer Knopfzelle besitzt.4. Lithium-ion cell according to one or more of claims 1 to 3, characterized indicates that the cell has the shape of a button cell.
DE19917000A 1999-04-15 1999-04-15 Primary lithium ion cell, especially button cell, has positive electrode active material comprising PTFE Withdrawn DE19917000A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19917000A DE19917000A1 (en) 1999-04-15 1999-04-15 Primary lithium ion cell, especially button cell, has positive electrode active material comprising PTFE

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19917000A DE19917000A1 (en) 1999-04-15 1999-04-15 Primary lithium ion cell, especially button cell, has positive electrode active material comprising PTFE

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE19917000A1 true DE19917000A1 (en) 2000-10-19

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DE19917000A Withdrawn DE19917000A1 (en) 1999-04-15 1999-04-15 Primary lithium ion cell, especially button cell, has positive electrode active material comprising PTFE

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20080280191A1 (en) * 2007-05-09 2008-11-13 Rachid Yazami Lithium fluoropolymer and fluoro-organic batteries

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20080280191A1 (en) * 2007-05-09 2008-11-13 Rachid Yazami Lithium fluoropolymer and fluoro-organic batteries
WO2008141200A1 (en) 2007-05-09 2008-11-20 California Institute Of Technology Lithium fluoropolymer and fluoro-organic batteries
EP2167228A4 (en) * 2007-05-09 2011-11-30 California Inst Of Techn LITHIUM FLUOROPOLYMER AND FLUORO-ORGANIC BATTERIES

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Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
8127 New person/name/address of the applicant

Owner name: MICROBATTERIE GMBH, 30419 HANNOVER, DE

8127 New person/name/address of the applicant

Owner name: VARTA MICROBATTERY GMBH, 30419 HANNOVER, DE

8139 Disposal/non-payment of the annual fee