DE19910953A1 - Machine tool - Google Patents

Abstract

Around a machine tool, comprising a machine frame, at least one workpiece holder rotatable about an axis and lockable in a defined rotational position, a tool carrier arrangement with a rotatingly driven tool which can be moved and aligned by means of a control and in such a way that the tool spindle axis intersects in the axis and with this axis is an angle in the range of approximately 0 ° to approximately 90 ° including planes, in order to improve such that the travel distances can be reduced, it is proposed that the tool carrier arrangement be pivotable about a pivot axis relative to a bearing housing and in at least one machining position on the bearing housing fixable tool spindle carrier, which extends only on one side of the pivot axis in an angular range of less than 180 ° around and away from the pivot axis and that the tool spindle is arranged on the tool spindle carrier net is that the tool spindle axis is in a position which is not coaxial with the swivel axis.

Description

The invention relates to a machine tool, comprising a Machine frame, at least one rotatable about an axis and Workpiece that can be locked in a defined rotary position holder in which a workpiece can be held for processing is a tool carrier assembly which is a tool spindle to hold a around a tool spindle axis rotatably driven tool comprising a Control move across and in the direction of the axis bar and can also be aligned in the room so that the work tool spindle axis in the axis cutting and with this Axis an angle in the range of approximately 0 ° to approximately 90 ° enclosing levels.

Such a machine tool is for example from the European patent application 0 538 515 known.

The problem with such a machine tool is that include the tool spindle axis on a turret the tool carrier assembly is arranged so that at Be machining a workpiece with one in the tool spindle seated and driven by this rotating tool considerable travels for the movement of the rotating drive level tool in and out of a machining position out of a rest position.

The invention is therefore based on the object of a work to improve the machine of the generic type in such a way that the travels can be reduced.

This task is the beginning of a machine tool described type according to the invention solved in that the Tool carrier arrangement opposite one about a pivot axis a swivel bearing housing and in at least one Machining position on the bearing housing fixable tool includes spindle carrier, which is only on one side of the Swivel axis in an angular range of less than 180 ° the pivot axis extends around and away from it and that the tool spindle is attached to the tool spindle carrier is that their tool spindle axis in one with the Swivel axis is not coaxial position.

The advantage of the solution according to the invention can be seen in that with the provision of the pivotable tool spindle Carrier there is the possibility of the bearing housing in position and a sufficient distance from the workpiece the path from the bearing housing to the workpiece by swiveling of the workpiece spindle carrier relative to the bearing housing bridge, so that on the one hand an all-round processing of the Workpiece with the rotating driven tool possible and on the other hand there is the possibility of ver swivel the tool spindle carrier swivel driven tool away from the workpiece, and in a position in which neither is rotating driven tool still the tool spindle carrier other Be work operations hinder, which in particular it is possible that the tool spindle carrier in  an angular range of less than 180 ° around the swivel axis extends, which creates the possibility of the work Align the spindle carrier so that it is not with anyone its areas extend closer to the workpiece, than the bearing housing of the tool carrier.

This is already without the mobility of the bearing housing exploit, created an easy way, on the one hand with the rotating driven tool all desired loading to be able to carry out work on the workpiece and others On the one hand, the rotating driven tool easily in one To position in which this further processing not hindered without movement of the bearing housing over long distances, as is the case at the beginning described prior art is the case.

An even more advantageous solution provides that the Tool spindle carrier in an angular range of less than 120 °, better still less than 90 °, around the swivel axis extends, so that already by an even smaller Rotation of the tool spindle carrier around the swivel axis Position can be reached in which the tool spindle carrier does not come closer to the workpiece than the bearing housing.

To be able to use in particular workpiece spindles that to provide great cutting performance preferably provided that the tool spindle carrier the workpiece spindle housing which is an integral portion of the workpiece spindle carrier. This means that the workpiece spindle housing is part of the workpiece spindle carrier and not  is intended for this, such as a tool holder to be interchangeably connected to the tool spindle carrier.

By integrating the workpiece spindle housing into the Tool spindle carrier can be a space-saving on the one hand and on the other hand stable holder for the tool spindle, especially a tool spindle for large-scale machining achievements, create.

With regard to the formation of the tool spindle carrier itself no further details have so far been given. So one sees advantageous embodiment that the tool spindle carrier a bearing penetrated by the swivel axis head, an arm extending away from the bearing head, and a tool spindle housing connected to the arm. A Such a solution has, in particular, because of its space saving the construction great advantages.

In particular, the solution is particularly space-saving if the arm of the tool spindle carrier only between the tool spindle housing and the bearing head extends, d. H. just a connection between them manufactures and does not move sideways beyond this stretches. This solution is the most space-saving solution.

But it is also conceivable to use the tool spindle carrier in this way train that arm from the bearing head to the tool spindle housing and also one or more additional Lichen tool holders extends, for example in arranged at an angular distance from the tool spindle housing are. These other tool holders can also  be further tool spindle housing. But it is also think bar, these shots as simple shots for fixed Train tools.

With regard to the fixability of the tool spindle carrier relative to the bearing housing has so far only been assumed gone that provided at least one machining position is, so that the tool spindle carrier for example Providing a workpiece spindle in a machining position can be determined relative to this and also in a Rest position is movable, but not necessarily one Moments stable fixation is required.

However, it is even more advantageous if the tool spindle opposite in at least two processing positions the bearing housing can be fixed because these two machining positions can be used in a simple manner and especially when avoiding long travels with the Movement of the tool carrier assembly relative to the workpiece all possible machining operations on a workpiece holder feed, the tool in a machining position spindle axis moves in planes that intersect the axis and enclose an angle of less than 45 ° with it, while in the other machining position the tool spindle axis is in all the planes that intersect the axis and enclose an angle of more than 45 ° with it.

These two provided Be can be particularly cheap arrange work positions when they face each other lying sides of a through the pivot axis Plane of symmetry are arranged. It is not mandatory  necessary, the machining positions at an angular distance of approximately 180 ° from each other. The fiction Advantages can also be obtained with smaller angular distances occur. However, it is particularly cheap to use the tool with the greatest possible distance between workpiece and bearing to be able to use the housing anywhere on the workpiece if the at least two machining positions by approximately 180 ° are arranged rotated against each other about the pivot axis.

In principle, it would be conceivable to use the tool spindle carrier to be arranged so that it rotates more than one turn Swivel axis is rotatable. However, this would have been constructive Consequence that the tool spindle carrier and in particular the Arrangement of the tool spindle should be chosen so that these are movable past the bearing housing, which in turn a large installation space for the entire tool carrier Episode. For this reason, it is preferably provided that the tool spindle carrier by less than one turn is rotatable about the pivot axis.

A particularly favorable solution provides that the tool spindle carrier around the swivel axis through an angle of maximum 270 °, even better maximum 240 °, is pivotable so that the Tool spindle carrier with the tool spindle housing can be managed that the space for the entire plant tool carrier is as low as possible.

With regard to the determination of the tool spindle carrier on the Bearing housings were made in connection with the previous Er clarification of the individual embodiments no closer Information provided. So it would be conceivable, for example  Swivel drive to be provided and simply over the shutdown Swivel drive the tool spindle carrier relative to the bearing to fix the housing. However, it is particularly favorable if the tool spindle carrier with a fixing device on Bearing housing can be fixed, so that the fixation of the work tool spindle carrier relative to the bearing housing regardless of Rotary drive of the same can take place.

In this case, in particular, it is possible to drive the the tool spindle also for driving the swiveling movement of the tool spindle carrier relative to the bearing housing set so that only one drive for the tool spindle and the swivel to carry out the required movement of the tool spindle carrier is required, which particularly beneficial to the constructive simple effect of the solution and also on the size of one such solution.

With regard to the determination of the tool spindle carrier in principle, a force would also be relative to the bearing housing conclusive definition conceivable, which would have the advantage that any definition of the tool spindle carrier relative to the bearing housing within the permitted swivel range it is possible.

As particularly advantageous, especially with regard to a stable relative fixation of the tool spindle carrier relative to the bearing housing, it has been shown, however with the fixture of the tool spindle carrier form can be firmly fixed to the bearing housing. This form also has conclusive determination relative to the bearing housing  the further advantage that high precision is achieved Lich the positioning of the tool spindle carrier relative to the bearing housing is accessible.

The fixing device is preferably designed such that that it includes interlocking gears.

Relative to the arrangement of the tool spindle axis to the pivot axis were in connection with the previous No detailed explanation of the individual exemplary embodiments Information provided. For example, it would be conceivable that the Tool spindle axis and the swivel axis skew other run. For example, it would be possible to do the work Align the tool spindle axis in planes, which although the Cut the swivel axis, but make an angle with it conclude.

For example, it would be conceivable to move the tool spindle axis in position on a plane that is perpendicular to the swivel axis stands.

However, even cheaper arrangements can be achieved if the tool spindle axis lies in a plane which the pivot axis at an angle of less than 90 ° det. It is even more advantageous if the plane pivots axis at an angle of approximately 45 ° or less than 45 ° cuts.

With regard to the effort for positioning the tool spindle axis relative to the swivel axis is special favorable if the tool spindle axis and the swivel axis  together span one level, d. H. the tool spindle axis and the swivel axis are not skewed relative to each other other run.

A particularly advantageous case of this solution provides that the swivel axis and the tool spindle axis parallel to each other other run. With this solution, a drive for the tool spindle is particularly easy to swivel axis coaxial drive shaft and a chain, belt or Realize spur gear.

With regard to the positioning of the bearing housing relative to Machine frame were in connection with the previous Explanation of the individual exemplary embodiments none detailed information.

For example, any solution is conceivable with which one suitable positioning of the tool spindle axis relative to Workpiece is possible. This also includes, for example Positioning devices for the tool carrier arrangement, which work on the concept of so-called tripods.

However, the invention has been particularly advantageous Proven solution then proven when the tool carrier assembly with conventional positioning movements relative to the factory piece is positionable.

So it is particularly favorable if the tool carrier arrangement is rotatable about a B axis and the pivot axis is transverse extends to the B axis.  

Such a B-axis is usually called one Rotation or swivel axis denotes which is transverse to the axis runs around which the workpiece is positioned by rotation bar and which is particularly transverse to a machining level with conventional turning.

Preferably, a B axis can be used with the invention Combine solution in that the bearing housing the factory Tool carrier assembly is rotatable about the B axis.

With regard to the positioning of the tool spindle carrier several possibilities are conceivable relative to the B axis. For example, it would be conceivable for the tool spindle carrier to be so to arrange that the B-axis in a central plane of the plant tool spindle carrier runs.

As particularly favorable with regard to the positioning of the Tool spindle carrier relative to the workpiece, however, remains proved a solution in which the workpiece spindle carrier extends to the side of the B axis. Special purpose It is moderate if the workpiece spindle carrier next to a side wall of the bearing housing.

The workpiece spindle carrier could still be at an angle run to the swivel axis. It is particularly useful however for positioning the tool spindle relative to the Workpiece when the tool spindle carrier is in all Swivel positions lie in a perpendicular to the swivel axis extends the plane.

The plane preferably runs parallel to the B axis.  

Regarding the movements of the tool carrier assembly conveniently provided that this in the direction of a Y axis is movable. Doing so could move towards the Y axis by a combination of two movements gen. However, it is particularly favorable if the tool carrier arrangement is linearly movable in the direction of the Y axis, preferably a carriage for the generation of the Linear movement is provided.

Regarding the combination of the B axis and the mobility of the tool holder in the Y direction is basically possible Lich, the realization of both possibilities of movement independent depending on each other. In terms of space requirements However, it is advantageous if one with its longitudinal axis arm extending parallel to the B axis in the Y direction movable carriage forms.

The longitudinal axis of the arm is preferably so out that it forms the axis of rotation for movement about the H axis represents.

In particular, the arm is designed so that it on one end carries the bearing housing and thus the bearing housing on the one hand movable in the Y direction and on the other hand around the B axis is rotatable.

Furthermore, within the scope of the solution according to the invention, that the tool carrier assembly in the direction of a Z axis is movable, the movement in the direction of the Z axis basically reachable by two superimposed movements would. However, it is particularly advantageous in terms of  Positioning for machining when the tool carrier arrangement by a linear movement in the Z direction bar, for example by providing one in the Z direction movable carriage.

It is also advantageous if the tool carrier arrangement is movable in the direction of an X axis, and this too could be generated by superimposing two movements, it however, is particularly advantageous when the tool carrier Arrangement is linearly movable in the direction of the X axis, d. H. for example by a sled.

With regard to the design of the tool according to the invention machine was within the scope of the previously described execution Examples are based only on the workpiece Assumption should be rotatable about an axis for positioning the tool spindles relative to the workpiece in all desired to reach ten positions. However, it is particularly cheap if the machine tool is designed as a lathe and the workpiece holder is designed as a workpiece spindle with which conventional turning is possible are, and when the workpiece spindle in certain rotation is definable to the edits of the work piece with the rotating tool.

It is the determination of the workpiece spindle in certain Rotation positions for certain selected edits of the Sufficient with a rotating tool. Should however, the machine tool can be used so that it all possible machining on different workpieces and allow different workpiece geometries, so  it is preferably provided that the workpiece spindle by means of a C-axis can be rotated numerically controlled and therefore also can be set numerically controlled in certain rotary positions is.

Especially in the case of the machine tool according to the invention as a lathe it has proven to be particularly advantageous if there is an additional work on the bearing housing witness carrier is arranged.

The additional tool carrier is preferably on one of the Tool spindle carrier opposite side of the bearing arranged housing.

With regard to the design of this tool carrier are even if all possible solutions are conceivable. For example the additional tool carrier relative to the bearing housing fixed tool holder. It is particularly cheap however, in order to be able to use several tools cheaply, if the additional tool carrier about a pivot axis is pivotable.

This pivot axis of the additional tool carrier could also basically be arranged arbitrarily. Especially However, it is useful if the pivot axis of the additional tool carrier parallel to the swivel axis of the factory tool spindle carrier, preferably arranged coaxially to this is.

In particular, it is advantageous in the context of the Invention appropriate solution if the additional tool carrier as  Tool turret is formed. Be on that Tool turret with rotating driven tools used, so is their cutting performance due to the Space ratios smaller than those of the rotating ones Tools in the tool spindle of the tool spindle carrier. Preferably, the cutting performance of the tools is Tool spindle carrier at least 3 times the size of the rotating driven tools arranged on the turret, preferably at least about 5 times as large.

Especially in the case of an additional on the bearing housing tidy tool turret has the solution according to the invention the great advantage that the pivotability of the work tool spindle carrier for the rotating driven tool the rotating driven tool on the one hand with relative limited axis movements of the tool carrier assembly Machining can be used, on the other hand the rotie rend driven tool but in a simple manner Position can be in which an unhindered Machining a workpiece with the additional tool carrier is possible.

Furthermore, the axis movements for machining the Workpiece with the additional tool holder and with the rotating driven tool on the tool spindle carrier then solve particularly cheaply with minimal axis movements, if in the machining position the distance of the rotating driven tool and the distance from in additional Tool carrier arranged tools from the spindle axis the workpiece spindle is approximately the same size.

Other features and advantages of the invention are the subject the following description and the graphic Dar position of some embodiments. In the drawing demonstrate:

Figure 1 is a section through a machine tool according to the invention along line 1-1 in Fig. 2.

FIG. 2 shows a section along line 2-2 in FIG. 1;

Figure 3 is a fragmentary enlarged view of a second machining position of a tool spindle carrier according to the invention with a rotationally driven tool with a tool axis aligned perpendicular to the spindle axis.

FIG. 4 shows an enlarged detail of a first machining position similar to FIG. 3;

Figure 5 is a plan view of the first machining position in the direction of arrow A in Fig. 3.

. Fig. 6 is a plan view similar to Figure 5 of a further machining position of the tool spindle carrier of the invention pivoted into a ge at an angle relative to the first machining position processing position;

. Fig. 7 is a view similar to Figure 3 of a machining processing a workpiece with the second tool spindle Be stationary processing position carrier with approximately parallel to the spindle axis tool spindle;

Fig. 8 is a representation similar to Figure 7 with the tool spindle carrier standing in the first processing position for processing a workpiece.

FIG. 9 shows an illustration similar to FIG. 7 when using a further rotating tool; FIG.

FIG. 10 shows an illustration similar to FIG. 8 when using a further rotating tool; FIG.

. FIG. 11 is a representation of a processing similar to FIGURE 9 inclined in relation to the spindle axis by an angle tool spindle axis;

FIG. 12 shows an illustration of machining similar to FIG. 10 with a tool spindle axis inclined at an angle with respect to the spindle axis;

FIG. 13 is an illustration of a variant of the first example from the guide with a tool magazine;

FIG. 14 shows an illustration similar to FIG. 4 when using a stationary tool; FIG.

. Fig. 15 is a view similar to Figure 7, when using a fixed tool;

Fig. 16 is a view similar to Figure 7 of a second embodiment of a machine tool according to the invention with an additional tool designed as a turret carrier.

Fig. 17 is an illustration of a machining of a workpiece with a tool arranged in the turret and in the rest position tool spindle carrier;

FIG. 18 is an illustration of a third execution example of a tool according to the invention in a machining machine similar to Figure 16 and in collision-free position of the turret.

FIG. 19 shows an illustration of processing similar to FIG. 4 in the third exemplary embodiment with the turret in a collision-free position; FIG.

Fig. 20 is an illustration of a machining of the tool in the third embodiment with the tool spindle in a collision-free position and in the machining position of the turret;

Fig. 21 is an illustration of a fourth embodiment example with a tool spindle carrier according to the invention, which carries two tools and

Fig. 22 is a sectional view taken along line 22-22 in Fig. 21 with additional representation of the tool relative to the workpiece spindles.

An illustrated in Fig. 1 and 2, first embodiment of a lathe according to the invention comprises a machine on the frame 10, which comprises a machine bed 12. The machine bed 12, a first headstock 14 is arranged stationary, in which a first workpiece is mounted W1 rotatably on acquiring first workpiece spindle 16 about a spindle axis 18, wherein the first spindle 16 is driven by a first spindle drive 20th Furthermore, a second headstock 24 with a second workpiece spindle 26 receiving a second workpiece W2 is rotatably mounted on the machine bed 12 , the second workpiece spindle 26 with its spindle axis 28 being arranged coaxially with the spindle axis 18 . Furthermore, the second headstock 24 can be moved along a first Z guide of the machine bed 10, designated as a whole by 32 , in a Z direction running parallel to the spindle axes 18 , in order to be able to remove a workpiece W1 from the first workpiece spindle 16 or to transfer it to the latter , and is seated here on a Z slide 34 which can be displaced in the Z direction.

On the first Z-guide 32 , another Z-slide 36 is arranged, which is provided with an X-guide 38 , which extends along an X direction extending perpendicular to the spindle axis 18 . On this X-guide 38 there is a turret carrier 40 , on which, for example, a tool turret 42 , 44 is arranged on both sides, for example, the tool turret 42 for machining the workpiece W1 in the first workpiece spindle 16 and the turret 44 for machining the workpiece W2 in the second workpiece spindle 26 is provided.

With tools arranged on these tool turrets, workpieces W1 and W2 are machined in a work space 46 of the lathe, controlled by a control 50 .

Parallel to the first Z-guide 32 , a second Z-guide 52 is also provided on the machine bed 12 , on which a Z-carriage 54 is arranged to be displaceable parallel to the Z-direction. The Z-carriage 54 in turn carries an X-guide 56 , on which an X-carriage 58 is arranged displaceable bar, an X-axis drive 60 being provided on the Z-carriage 54 for displacing the X-carriage 58 in the X direction , which, as shown for example in Fig. 1 Darge, shifts the X-carriage 58 in the X-direction via a threaded spindle 62 . A Y-guide is provided in the X-slide 58 , which extends along a Y-direction running perpendicular to the X-direction and in which a Y-slide designed as a cylindrical body 66 with a cylinder axis 68 extending in the Y-direction is mounted is.

Furthermore, the cylindrical body 66 , also referred to as a sleeve, is rotated numerically controlled around the cylinder axis 68 , so that rotation about the cylinder axis 68 takes place in the form of a numerically controlled B axis.

The displacement of the cylindrical body 66 in the direction of the Y axis and the rotation thereof about the B axis is carried out by a drive unit 67 provided for this purpose, which is arranged on the X slide 58 .

The cylindrical body 66 carries at its front end 69 projecting into the working space 46 a bearing housing 70 , on which a tool spindle carrier 72 is pivotably mounted about a pivot axis 74 . The tool spindle carrier 72 he stretches in the radial direction to the pivot axis 74 to a tool spindle housing 76 , in which a tool spindle 78 is mounted, which can be driven to rotate about a tool spindle axis 80 .

A rotating tool can be mounted on the tool spindle 78 and is formed, for example, as a milling tool FW.

Preferably, the tool spindle carrier comprises a bearing head 82 which is penetrated by the pivot axis 74 , is located next to a side surface 83 of the bearing housing 70 and can preferably be applied to this with a contact surface 84 .

Starting from the storage head 82 to an adjoining at the bearing head 82 arm 86 extends to the tool spindle housing 76 which is carried by the arm 86 and which, for example, front housing portion is integrally formed on the arm 86 88, while a rear housing portion 90 of the tool spindle housing 76 is held on the front housing section 88 . Nevertheless, both housing sections 88 and 90 of the tool spindle housing form an integral part of the tool spindle carrier 72 , in which the tool spindle 78 is arranged in a fixed manner, ie for an operator of the machine tool it is not interchangeable with rotating tools FW in the context of equipping the same.

To fix the tool spindle carrier 72 in individual machining positions, the bearing head 82 can be fixed by means of a fixing device designated as a whole by 92 , which is designed, for example, as a HIRTH toothing, which is effective between the bearing head 82 and the bearing housing 70 and a positive and precise fixing of the work tool spindle carrier 72 allowed.

In the first embodiment of the tool spindle carrier 72 according to the invention, the tool spindle housing 76 is integrated into the latter so that the tool spindle axis 80 is aligned parallel to the pivot axis 74 , so that, as shown in FIGS. 3 to 4, the pivot axis 74 and the tool spindle axis 80 in one Level E1 lie, which, however, can also be pivoted about the pivot axis 74 with the pivoting movement of the tool spindle carrier 72 .

In addition, the arm 86 of the tool spindle carrier 72 in the first embodiment is held on the bearing head 82 in such a way that a central plane M of the arm 86 , which intersects the pivot axis 74 , is perpendicular to the latter and thus the central plane M in its off in all rotational positions of the arm 86 direction to the pivot axis 74 is retained.

As shown in Fig. 5, the arm 86 is formed so that it extends with respect to the pivot axis 74 with its portion extending beyond the bearing housing 70 within an angular range WB around the pivot axis 74 which is less than 90 °.

The center plane M is preferably still relative to the B axis 68 such that the B axis runs parallel to the center plane M, but at a distance from it.

As shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, pivoting the tool spindle carrier 72 about the pivot axis 74 permits storage of the tool spindle 78 in such a way that the tool spindle axis 80 from one side of a plane S (spanned by the B = axis 68 and the pivot axis 74) Fig. 3) (on the other side of the plane S Fig. 4 is movable), whereby for example each have a processing means of the milling zeugs FW either in a first working position on a workpiece W1, which is clamped in the first workpiece spindle 16 and held ( Fig. 4), or in a second machining position on a workpiece W2, which is held in the second workpiece spindle 26 ( Fig. 3).

Here, in the illustrated in Fig. 3 and 4 machining positions the tool spindle axis 80 is disposed so that they lie in planes E _S, which are perpendicular to the spindle axes 18 and 28 respectively. However, it is also conceivable to arrange the tool spindle axes 80 in planes E _{N which are} inclined with respect to the planes E _S in the direction of the spindle axes 18 , 28 , the planes E _N with the spindle axes 18 and 28 preferably being inclined by the angle of inclination N1, which is smaller Are 90 ° and preferably up to about 45 °. The information for the angle of inclination N1 relates to the smallest angle between the respective plane E _N and the spindle axes 18 , 28 , so that angles of approximately 90 ° to approximately 135 ° are detected even when the angle is viewed in only one direction .

The second machining position of the tool spindle 78 can also, as shown in Fig. 7, be used to perform machining with an arrangement of the tool spindle axis 80 in ver parallel to the spindle axis 18 running planes E _P on the workpiece W1 and the first processing position can, are as shown in Fig. 8, used to the workpiece W2, a processing with a processing Reg of the tool spindle axis 80 in the planes e _P durchzu lead. At the same time, there is also the possibility of aligning the tool spindle axis 80 not only parallel to the spindle axes 18 , 28 , but also in the spindle axes 18 , 28 at an angle N2 intersecting planes E _N , the angle N2 between 0 ° and approximately 45 ° lies. The information for the angle of inclination N1 relates to the smallest angle between the respective plane E _N and the spindle axes 18 , 28 , so that angles of approximately 315 ° to 360 ° are detected even when the angle is viewed in only one direction.

The pivoting of the tool spindle carrier 72 about the pivot axis 74 is preferably carried out by means of the numerical control 50 , which controls a drive 94 , which can be used on the one hand for rotating the rotating tool FW and on the other hand for pivoting the tool spindle carrier 72 , the connection preferably remaining exist constantly between the tool spindle 78 and the drive 94 .

Furthermore, a setting of the tool spindle carrier 72 in the respective working position takes place about the pivot axis 74 by means of the denoted overall by 92 and as HIRTH serration formed fixing means interposed between the bearing housing 70 and the tool spindle carrier 72 thereof is effective to positively set.

At the same time, a coupling for coupling the pivoting movement of the tool spindle carrier to the rotary drive for the rotatingly driven tool FW can also be coupled to the HIRTH toothing 92 , so that despite the constant coupling of the drive 94 to the rotating work tool FW, this drive 94 is also possible for pivoting the tool spindle carrier 72 about the pivot axis 74 . Such a coupling is described in European Patent Specification 0 538 515 in connection with the rotary drive for a revolver with tools that can be driven in rotation, so that in this respect reference is made in full to the disclosure in this document.

In the simplest case, when changing from machining the workpiece W1 in the first workpiece spindle 16 to machining the workpiece W2 in the second workpiece spindle 26, the tool spindle carrier 72 is pivoted by 180 °, when the center plane M is parallel to the spindle axes 18 and 28 runs, after the pivoting movement the tool spindle axis 80 always runs perpendicular to the respective spindle axis 18 or 28 .

The tool spindle housing 76 is preferably arranged relative to the tool spindle carrier 72 such that it extends with the rear housing section 90 on one side of the tool spindle carrier 72 , namely on the side facing away from the spindle axes 18 , 28 and with the front housing section 88 the spindle axes 18 , 28 is facing.

The rear housing section 90 is in the respective position laterally next to the bearing housing 70 , which means that the extension of the tool spindle carrier 72 in the radial direction to the pivot axis 74 has a sufficient size, so that no collision of the rear section 92 of the tool spindle housing 76 with the bearing housing 70 and that the maximum swivel angle is less than 270 °.

The HIRTH toothing also enables, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, not only the fixing of the tool spindle carrier 72 in two machining positions rotated by 180 ° to one another, in each of which a connecting line 96 lying in the plane E1 between the pivot axis 74 and The tool spindle axis 80 runs parallel to the spindle axes 18 or 28 , as shown in FIG. 5, but also in further machining positions, as shown in FIG. 6, so that different positions of the rotating tool FW in total on a circular arc 98 around the pivot axis 74 are selectable around.

In particular, there is the possibility of displacing the rotating tool FW in relation to the pivot axis 74 in the Y direction by a freely selectable value ΔY, which has the value 0 and at most a value corresponding to the radial distance of the tool spindle axis 80 from the pivot axis 74 . Such a possibility of relocating the rotating tool FW in the Y direction by the amount ΔY in turn creates the possibility of positioning the bearing housing 70 with as little projection as possible relative to the X slide 58 by means of the cylindrical body 66 serving as a Y slide thus by minimizing the radius of the bearing housing 70 to the X-slide 58 extending section of the cylindrical body 66 to obtain the greatest possible stability in milling operations, in particular when this is carried out using a feed movement in the Y direction by relative movement of the cylindrical body 66 should take place relative to the X-slide 58 .

In all variants of the first exemplary embodiment, instead of the milling cutter FW as a rotating tool, a drill BW can also be used as a rotating tool, with which, as shown in FIGS. 9 to 12, either bores in the workpieces W1 and W2 parallel to the spindle axes 18 , 28 can be introduced ( FIGS. 9 and 10) or at any angles N ₁ , N ₂ to the spindle axes 18 , 28 ( FIGS. 11 and 12), the angles N _{1 being} between approximately 90 ° and approximately 45 ° and the angles N ₂ vary between about 0 and about 45 °. The change from the use of the drill BW in the workpiece W1 to the workpiece W2 also takes place, as shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 and FIGS. 11 and 12, by rotating the bearing housing 70 about the B axis, ie in the case of the first exemplary embodiment about the Cylinder axis 68 of the cylindrical body 66 while simultaneously pivoting the tool spindle carrier 72 about the pivot axis 74 , in the simplest case by 180 °, but any other angle, for example by an offset to generate the distance ΔY, is also possible.

A change between the drill BW as a rotating tool and the milling cutter FW can be carried out particularly favorably by the fact that the lathe is also provided with a tool magazine 110 which, for example, has a disk 112 with holders 114 which can be rotated about an axis 116 , which runs parallel to the spindle axes 18 , 28 in the case shown in FIG. 13, but any inclined positions of the axis 116 relative to the spindle axes 18 , 28 can also be realized. The disk 112 can be rotated, for example, so that the tool BW closest to the tool spindle 78 can be removed, for example, inserting a shank of the respective tool BW into the tool spindle 78 by displacing the tool spindle 78 in the direction of the tool spindle axis 80 . This can be done, for example, by moving the bearing housing 70 with the tool spindle carrier 72 in the Z direction if the tools BW or FW are held in the magazine 110 such that the tool closest to the tool spindle is parallel with its longitudinal axis 118 to the Z axis he stretches. In this case, the bearing housing 70 is rotated in such a way that the tool spindle axis 80 runs parallel to the tool axis 118 and a coaxial alignment by moving the bearing housing 70 additionally in the X direction, so that the shaft is introduced by displacement in the Z direction of the respective tool in the tool spindle 78 or pulling out the shaft from the tool spindle 78 is possible.

In all variants of the first embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 14 and 15, also fixed tools SW can be used in the tool spindle 78 and by stopping the tool spindle 78 by means of their drive in a defined position relative to the workpiece to be machined, in In this case, be positioned to the workpiece W1, so that, for example, a tool SW can be used, with which both front-side and jacket-side machining of the workpiece W1 is possible, the tool spindle axis 80 being defined either in parallel or perpendicularly or in any intermediate positions relative to the respective spindle axis 18 or 28 is to be aligned.

In a second exemplary embodiment, shown in FIGS. 16 and 17, a turret 120 is additionally arranged on the bearing body 70 on the side opposite the tool spindle carrier 72 , which turret is designed, for example, as a drum turret and has 122 clamping surfaces 124 for tool holders 126 in the region of its circumference .

The turret 120 is preferably rotatable about a turret switching axis 128 , which in the simplest case runs coaxially to the pivot axis 74 of the tool spindle carrier 72 .

Furthermore, in this embodiment, the rear housing section 90 of the tool spindle housing 76 is formed in such a way that it extends from the tool spindle carrier 72 at most to a plane E2, which represents a parting plane between the turret 120 and the bearing housing 70 .

With this solution, there is the possibility of using the rotating tool FW as described in the first embodiment, using the tool spindle axis 80 in the planes E _S , E _N or E _P and accordingly relative to the spindle axes 18 or 28 runs as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 or as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8. With parallel alignment of the tool spindle axis 80 to the spindle axes 18 , 28 there is also the possibility of using either the rotating tool FW or alternately a tool 130 of the turret 120 for machining the workpiece W1 or the workpiece W2, while machining with perpendicular to the spindle axes 18 , 28 of the tool spindle axis 80 of the turret 120 cannot be used at the same time, but stands on the side of the bearing housing 70 facing away from the spindle axes 18 , 28 .

In a third exemplary embodiment, shown in FIGS. 18 to 20, the tool spindle carrier 72 'is designed and the tool spindle housing 76 is arranged thereon in such a way that the tool spindle axis 80 of the tool spindle 78 lies in a plane E3 which is at an angle α to the pivot axis 74 runs inclined, which is smaller than 90 °, but larger than 0 °, and intersects the pivot axis 74 . For example, the angle α is 45 ° or 30 °. Advantageously, the pivot axis 74 and the tool spindle axis 80 are together in the plane E ₁ , which speaks ent the plane of the drawing.

This solution has the advantage that regardless of whether the workpiece W1 is machined with the tool spindle axis 80 running in the planes E _S , E _N or E _P , the turret 120 is always so far away that collisions between the tools 130 and the same the workpiece W2 can be avoided, so that the workpiece W2 can be easily processed, for example with tools of the turret 44 , since in all cases the tools 130 are always at a distance from the spindle axis 28 which is greater than the radius of the workpiece W2 .

If, in this exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG. 20, a machining of the workpiece W1 with the tool 130 of the turret 120 is carried out , the tool spindle axis 80 with the tool spindle 78 can always be positioned by suitable rotation of the bearing body 70 so that this too Tool FW has a distance from the spindle axis 28 which is greater than the radius of the workpiece W2, so that collisions between the tool FW and the workpiece W2 can also be avoided in this case and also when machining the workpiece W2, for example by means of a tool of the revolver 44 collisions with the tool FW cannot occur.

In a fourth embodiment of a lathe according to the invention, as shown in FIGS. 21 and 22, the tool spindle carrier 72 is not provided as an arm extending from the pivot axis 74 exclusively in the direction of the tool spindle axis 80 , but as a multiple tool carrier, in which, for example, on a circular arc 132 around the pivot axis 74 and at a radial distance from this a plurality of tool positions 134 and 136 are arranged.

For example, a tool spindle 78 is provided in the tool position 134 , while a receptacle for a stationary tool SW is provided in the tool position 136, which receptacle can be fixed, for example, by means of a holder 140 to the tool spindle carrier 72 ', in a position which is relative to the Pivot axis 74 is at an angle from the tool spindle axis 80 .

Claims (40)

1. A machine tool comprising a machine frame, at least one workpiece holder that can be rotated about an axis and lockable in a defined rotational position, in which a workpiece can be received for machining, a tool carrier arrangement that includes a tool spindle for receiving a tool that is rotating about a tool spindle , Which is movable by means of a control device transversely to the axis and in the direction of the axis and can also be aligned in space so that the tool spindle axis intersecting in the axis and with this axis an angle in the range of approximately 0 ° to approximately 90 ° including planes is characterized in that the tool carrier arrangement comprises a tool spindle carrier ( 72 ) which can be pivoted about a pivot axis ( 74 ) relative to a bearing housing ( 70 ) and can be fixed in at least one machining position on the bearing housing ( 70 ) and which is located only on one side of the pivot axis ( 74 ) in a W angle range of less than 180 ° around the pivot axis ( 74 ) and away from it and that on the tool spindle carrier ( 72 ) the tool spindle ( 78 ) is arranged such that its tool spindle axis ( 80 ) does not coincide with the pivot axis ( 74 ) coaxial position. 2. Machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the tool spindle carrier ( 72 ) is within an angular range of less than 120 ° about the pivot axis ( 74 ). 3. Machine tool according to claim 2, characterized in that the tool spindle carrier ( 72 ) is within an angular range of less than 90 ° around the pivot axis. 4. Machine tool according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tool spindle carrier (72), a tool spindle (78) storing comprises the tool spindle housing (76), which is an integral portion of the tool spindle carrier (72). 5. Machine tool according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tool spindle carrier ( 72 ) a through of the pivot axis ( 74 ) penetrated bearing head ( 82 ), one of the bearing head ( 82 ) extending arm ( 86 ) and a tool spindle housing ( 76 ) connected to the arm. 6. Machine tool according to claim 5, characterized in that the arm ( 86 ) of the tool spindle carrier ( 72 ) extends exclusively between the tool spindle housing ( 76 ) and the bearing head ( 82 ). 7. Machine tool according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tool spindle carrier ( 72 ) can be fixed in at least two machining positions with respect to the bearing housing ( 70 ). 8. Machine tool according to claim 7, characterized in that; that the at least two machining positions are arranged on opposite sides of a plane of symmetry (S) extending through the pivot axis ( 74 ). 9. Machine tool according to claim 8, characterized in that the at least two machining positions are rotated by approximately 180 ° relative to each other about the pivot axis ( 74 ). 10. Machine tool according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tool spindle carrier ( 72 ) can be pivoted by less than one revolution about the pivot axis ( 74 ). 11. Machine tool according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tool spindle carrier ( 72 ) about the pivot axis ( 74 ) can be pivoted through an angle of at most approximately 270 °. 12. Machine tool according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tool spindle carrier ( 72 ) with a fixing device ( 92 ) on the bearing housing ( 70 ) can be fixed. 13. Machine tool according to claim 12, characterized in that with the fixing device ( 92 ) of the tool spindle carrier ( 72 ) can be positively fixed on the bearing housing ( 70 ). 14. Machine tool according to claim 13, characterized in that the fixing device ( 92 ) comprises interlocking teeth. 15. Machine tool according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tool spindle axis ( 80 ) lies in a plane (E ₃ ) which intersects the pivot axis ( 74 ) at an angle of less than 90 °. 16. Machine tool according to claim 15, characterized in that the tool spindle axis ( 80 ) lies in a plane (E ₃ ) which intersects the pivot axis ( 74 ) at an angle of approximately 45 ° or less than 45 °. 17. Machine tool according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tool spindle axis ( 80 ) and the pivot axis ( 74 ) together span a plane (E ₁ ). 18. Machine tool according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tool carrier arrangement is rotatable about a B axis and that the pivot axis ( 74 ) extends transversely to the B axis. 19. Machine tool according to claim 18, characterized in that the bearing housing ( 70 ) of the tool carrier arrangement ( 70 , 72 ) is rotatable about the B axis ( 68 ). 20. Machine tool according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that the tool spindle carrier ( 72 ) extends laterally next to the B axis ( 68 ). 21. Machine tool according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tool spindle carrier ( 72 ) is adjacent to a side wall ( 83 ) of the bearing housing ( 70 ). 22. Machine tool according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tool spindle carrier ( 72 ) extends in all pivot positions in a plane perpendicular to the pivot axis ( 74 ) (M). 23. Machine tool according to claim 22, characterized in that the plane (M) runs parallel to the B axis ( 68 ). 24. Machine tool according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tool carrier arrangement ( 70 , 72 ) is movable in the direction of a Y axis. 25. Machine tool according to claim 24, characterized in that the tool carrier arrangement ( 70 , 72 ) is linearly movable in the direction of the Y axis. 26. Machine tool according to claim 25, characterized in that the tool carrier arrangement ( 70 , 72 ) by means of a carriage ( 66 ) is linearly movable in the Y direction. 27. Machine tool according to claim 26, characterized in that one with its longitudinal axis ( 68 ) extending parallel to the B axis arm ( 66 ) forms the movable carriage in the Y direction. 28. Machine tool according to claim 27, characterized in that the longitudinal axis ( 68 ) of the arm ( 66 ) forms the axis of rotation for the B axis. 29. Machine tool according to one of claims 24 to 28, characterized in that the arm ( 66 ) carries the bearing housing ( 70 ). 30. Machine tool according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tool carrier arrangement ( 70 , 72 ) is movable in the direction of a Z axis. 31. Machine tool according to claim 30, characterized in that the tool carrier arrangement ( 70 , 72 ) is linearly movable in the Z direction. 32. Machine tool according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tool carrier arrangement ( 70 , 72 ) is movable in the direction of an X axis. 33. Machine tool according to claim 32, characterized in that the tool carrier arrangement ( 70 , 72 ) is linearly movable in the direction of the X-axis. 34. Machine tool according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the workpiece holder is designed as a workpiece spindle ( 16 , 26 ) and that the workpiece spindle ( 16 , 26 ) can be fixed in certain rotational positions. 35. Machine tool according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the workpiece spindle ( 16 , 26 ) can be rotated numerically controlled by means of a C axis. 36. Machine tool according to one of claims 34 and 35, characterized in that an additional tool carrier ( 120 ) is arranged on the bearing housing ( 70 ). 37. Machine tool according to claim 36, characterized in that the additional tool carrier ( 120 ) on one of the tool spindle carrier ( 72 ) opposite side of the bearing housing ( 70 ) is arranged. 38. Machine tool according to claim 36 or 37, characterized in that the additional tool carrier ( 120 ) is pivotable about a pivot axis ( 128 ). 39. Machine tool according to claim 38, characterized in that the pivot axes ( 74 , 128 ) of the tool spindle carrier ( 72 ) and the tool carrier ( 120 ) run parallel to one another. 40. Machine tool according to one of claims 36 to 39, characterized in that the additional tool carrier is a tool turret ( 120 ).