DE19903290A1 - Detergent tablets with defined anionic surfactant behavior - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to moulded detergent and cleaning agent articles characterized by short disintegration times, high hardness and easy detergent injection. Such moulded articles can be obtained if the ratio of alkyl sulfonates to fatty alcohol sulfates contained in said moulded articles is between 3:1 and 1:100.

Description

The present invention is in the field of compact molded articles which are washable. and have cleaning-active properties. Such detergent and cleaning agent form bodies include, for example, detergent tablets for washing textiles, Detergent tablets for automatic dishwashing or hard cleaning Surfaces, bleach tablets for use in washing machines or dishwashers, Water softening tablets or stain tablets. In particular, concerns the Erfin dung Detergent tablets that are used to wash textiles in one Household washing machine used and briefly referred to as detergent tablets.

Detergent tablets are widely described in the prior art are becoming increasingly popular with consumers because of the simple dosage. Tableted detergents and cleaning agents have a number of powdered detergents Advantages: They are easier to dose and handle and because of their compact structure Advantages in storage and transport. Even in the Patentlite As a result, laundry detergent and cleaning product tablets are comprehensively described. On Problem that always occurs when using washing and cleaning active moldings occurs again, the too slow disintegration and dissolving speed of the shaped body is below Conditions of use. Because sufficiently stable, d. H. shape and break resistant shape body can only be produced by relatively high pressure, it comes to a strong compression of the molded parts and to a consequent  delayed disintegration of the shaped body in the aqueous liquor and thus to one slow release of the active substances in the washing or cleaning process. The ver hesitated disintegration of the moldings has the disadvantage that usual Detergent tablets not over the induction chamber of household Have the washing machine rinsed in as the tablets will not wash in quickly enough Secondary particles disintegrate that are small enough to pass from the induction chamber into the Washing drum to be washed in.

To overcome the dichotomy between hardness, i. H. Transport and handling stabilizer lity, and easy disintegration of the moldings are many solutions in the prior art has been developed. A well known from the pharmacy and in the field of Detergent tablets are an extensive approach to incorporation Certain disintegration aids that facilitate the access of water or upon entry swell from water or develop gas or disintegrate in another form. Other proposed solutions from the patent literature describe the pressing of Vor Mixing certain particle sizes, the separation of individual ingredients from be agreed other ingredients as well as the coating of individual ingredients or the entire molded body with binders. However, since the addition of substances that are single Lich accelerate the disintegration of the moldings, at the same time given Shaped body weight reduces the amount of active substances, there is still the Task to produce detergent tablets in which wash and clean So active substances or other detergent ingredients that an addition of substances that promote disintegration is not necessary.

The washing performance of shaped articles that are active in washing and cleaning is achieved by using Guaranteed surfactants, with alkylbenzenesulfonates because of their high cleaning power and industrial availability and fatty alcohol sulfates because of their native raw take an important position with good cleaning performance. A washing and to provide detergent tablets, in which only the packaging of the The proportion of surfactant that causes it to disintegrate more quickly at a predetermined hardness was therefore one the objects of the present invention. Another task of the present inven  was to use surfactant granules as the raw material base for detergents and cleaning agents To provide moldings, the use of the surfactant granules prior to the moldings partial physical properties, especially short disintegration times with high hardness, should lend.

The use of surfactant compounds, more precisely: alkylbenzenesulfonate compounds, is described in the unpublished German patent application DE 198 41 362.9 (Henkel KGaA) described. The ABS compounds disclosed in this document have surfactant contents 40% by weight, based on the compound.

Detergent tablets; which contain fatty alcohol sulfate compounds, are in the older German patent application DE 198 49 630.3 (Henkel KGaA) be wrote. The FAS compounds disclosed herein have fatty alcohol sulfate levels above half 60% by weight, based on the compound, and consist of at least 60% by weight Particles with particle sizes between 600 and 1600 µm.

Detergent tablets and processes for their preparation containing fatty alcohol sulfate Manufacturing are, for example, in the unpublished German patent application dung DE 198 31 707.7 (Henkel KGaA). In this document there is a procedure discloses, in which a surfactant-containing granulation batch in a mixer / granulator placed and granulated with the addition of a fatty alcohol sulfate paste, after which an Ab mixing the surfactant granules containing fatty alcohol sulfate with powdered preparation components and the pressing into shaped bodies.

It has now been found that when using alkylbenzenesulfonates and fatty alcohol sul faten a certain ratio is to be maintained in order to moldings with improved phy physical properties.

The invention relates to detergent tablets made of compressed, Particulate detergent and cleaning agent containing builders, alkylbenzenesul fonate, fatty alcohol sulfates and optionally other surfactants and ingredients from  Detergents and cleaning agents in which the ratio of alkylbenzenesulfonates to Fatty alcohol sulfates are in the range of 3: 1 to 1: 100.

In the context of the present invention, the term “ratio” denotes the quoti ducks from the weight percentages of alkylbenzenesulfonate and fatty alcohol sulfate, the % By weight relates to the entire molded body. It is not rele here It is not clear whether these anionic surfactants are used in the washing and cleaning molded bodies were incorporated, or whether they are in different phases or regions of the molded body. In preferred embodiments, the ratio is in an even narrower range, so that detergent tablets are preferred are in which the ratio of alkylbenzenesulfonates to fatty alcohol sulfates in the loading range from 2: 1 to 1:75, preferably from 1.5: 1 to 1:50, particularly preferably from 1: 1 to 1:25 and in particular from 1: 2 to 1:10.

The detergent tablets according to the invention contain as mandatory Components builders as well as alkylbenzenesulfonates and fatty alcohol sulfates. This who described below.

Alkylbenzenesulfonates as powerful anionic surfactants have been around since the 1930s of our century. At that time, monochlorination of kogasin Fractions and subsequent Friedel-Crafts alkylation prepared using alkylbenzenes Oleum sulfonated and neutralized with sodium hydroxide solution. Early 1950s was used to produce alkylbenzenesulfonates propylene to branched α-dodecylene tetramerized and the product via a Friedel-Crafts reaction using Aluminum trichloride or hydrogen fluoride converted to tetrapropylene benzene, which after subsequently sulfonated and neutralized. This economical way of manufacturing of tetrapropylene benzene sulfonates (TPS) led to the breakthrough of this class of surfactants, the subsequently displaced the soaps as the main surfactant in washing and cleaning agents. Due to the lack of biodegradability of TPS, there was a need to to represent new alkylbenzenesulfonates, which are characterized by an improved ecological ver keep honoring. These requirements are met by linear alkylbenzenesulfonates  fills, which are the almost exclusively manufactured alkylbenzenesulfonates and with the abbreviation ABS.

Linear alkylbenzenesulfonates are made from linear alkylbenzenes, which like which are accessible from linear olefins. For this purpose, petroleum is used on an industrial scale Fractions with molecular sieves separated into the n-paraffins of the desired purity and dehydrogenated to the n-olefins, resulting in both α- and i-olefins. The ent standing olefins are then in the presence of acidic catalysts with benzene to the Al implemented kylbenzenes, the choice of Friedel-Crafts catalyst having an influence the distribution of isomers of the linear alkylbenzenes formed has: When using Aluminum trichloride is the content of the 2-phenyl isomers in the mixture with the 3-, 4-, 5- and other isomers at about 30 wt .-%, however, hydrogen fluoride as Kataly used sator, the content of 2-phenyl isomer can be reduced to about 20 wt .-%. The Finally, sulfonation of linear alkylbenzenes is now possible on an industrial scale using oleum, Sulfuric acid or gaseous sulfur trioxide, the latter being by far the largest has interpretation. Special film or tube bundle reactors are used for sulfonation sets, which deliver as a product a 97 wt .-% alkylbenzenesulfonic acid (ABSS), so marketed or with NaOH to aqueous ABS pastes with active substance contents around the 60th Weight .-% is neutralized, which then go on sale.

By choosing the neutralizing agent, a wide variety of salts, ie alkylbenzenesulfonates, can be obtained from the ABSS. For reasons of economy, it is preferred to prepare and use the alkali metal salts and, among them, the sodium salts of the ABSS. These can be described by the general formula I:

in which the sum of x and y is usually between 5 and 13. It is preferred in the context of the present invention if the detergent tablets contain the alkali metal, preferably sodium salts of C _8-16 , preferably C _9-13 - alkylbenzenesulfonic acids which are derived from alkylbenzenes which have a tralin content of less than 5% by weight .-%, based on the alkylbenzene.

It is further preferred to use alkylbenzenesulfonates whose alkylbenzenes were prepared by the HF process, so that detergent tablets are preferred which, as alkylbenzenesulfonates, contain the alkali metal salts, preferably sodium salts, of C _8-16 , preferably C _{9 13} -Alkylbenzenesulfonic acids containing a 2-phenyl isomer content below 22 wt .-%, based on the alkylbenzenesulfonic acid.

Regardless of the form of incorporation of the alkylbenzenesulfonates, washing and Preferred detergent tablets, the content of alkylbenzenesulfonates between 0.5 and 25 wt .-%, preferably between 0.75 and 20 wt .-%, particularly preferred between 1 and 15% by weight and in particular between 1.25 and 12.5% by weight, in each case based on the weight of the molded body.

Fatty alcohol sulfates, the alkali metal, especially sodium salts of sulfuric acid halves of longer-chain alcohols, are commercially available from fatty alcohols, which are reacted with sulfuric acid, chlorosulfonic acid, amidosulfonic acid or sulfur trioxide to form the relevant alkyl sulfuric acids and subsequently neutralized. The fatty alcohols are obtained from the fatty acids or fatty acid mixtures concerned by high-pressure hydrogenation of the fatty acid methyl esters. The quantitatively most important industrial process for the production of fatty alkyl sulfuric acids is the sulfonation of alcohols with SO ₃ / air mixtures in special cascade, falling film or tube bundle reactors.

The fatty acids, the methyl esters of which are hydrogenated under high pressure to the fatty alcohols, are technically largely obtained from native fats and oils by hydrolysis. While the alkaline saponification which was carried out in the past century led directly to the alkali salts (soaps), only water is used on an industrial scale to split the fats into glycerol and the free fatty acids. Alternatively, the cleavage can be carried out with methanol, the methyl esters and glycerol being obtained directly. Large-scale processes are, for example, cleavage in the autoclave or continuous high-pressure cleavage. Carboxylic acids which can be used in the context of the present invention as the basis for the fatty alcohol sulfates are, for example, hexanoic acid (caproic acid), heptanoic acid (enanthic acid), octanoic acid (caprylic acid), nonanoic acid (pelargonic acid), decanoic acid (capric acid), undecanoic acid, etc. Is preferred in the context of the present compound the use of fatty acids such as dodecanoic acid (lauric acid), tetradecanoic acid (myristic acid), hexadecanoic acid (palmitic acid), octadecanoic acid (stearic acid), eicosanoic acid (arachic acid), docosanic acid (behenic acid), tetracosanoic acid (lignoceric acid), tricotonic acid (melotonic acid), cerototanoic acid (cerototanoic acid), melotonic acid (cerotonic acid), cerototanoic acid, as well as the unsaturated species 9c-hexadecenoic acid (palmitoleic acid), 6c-octadecenoic acid (petroselinic acid), 6t-octadecenoic acid (petroselaidinic acid), 9c-octadecenoic acid (oleic acid), 9t-octadecenoic acid ((elaidic acid), 9c, 12c-linadol acid) 9t, 12t-octadecadienoic acid (linolaidic acid) and 9c, 12c, 15c-octadecate Pure acid (linolenic acid) For reasons of cost, it is preferred not to use the pure species, but rather technical mixtures of the individual acids, as can be obtained from fat cleavage. Such mixtures are for example, coconut oil fatty acid (about 6 wt .-% C _8, 6 wt .-% C ₁₀ 48 wt .-% C ₁₂ 18 wt .-% _C14, 10 wt .-% C _16, 2 wt .-% _C18, 8 wt .-% _{C18 ',} 1 wt .-% C _18'), palm kernel oil fatty acid (about 4 wt .-% C _8, 5 wt .-% C _10, 50 wt .-% C _12, 15 wt .-% C _14, 7 wt .-% C _16, 2 wt .-% C ₁₈ 15 wt .-% _{C18 ',} 1 wt .-% C _18'), tallow fatty acid (ca. 3 wt% C ₁₄ , 26 wt% C ₁₆ , 2 wt% C _{16 '} , 2 wt% C ₁₇ , 17 wt% C ₁₈ , 44 wt% C _18' , 3% by weight C _{18 '} , 1% by weight C _18''' , hardened tallow fatty acid (approx. 2% by weight C ₁₄ , 28% by weight C ₁₆ , 2% by weight C ₁₇ , 63 wt .-% C _18: 1 wt .-% C _{18 '),} technical grade oleic acid (about 1 wt .-% C _12, 3 wt .-% C _14, 5 wt .-% C _16, 6 wt. % C _{16 '} , 1% by weight C ₁₇ , 2% by weight C ₁₈ , 70% by weight C _18' , 10% by weight C _{18 '} , 0.5% by weight C _18''' ), technical palmitin / stearic acid (approx. 1 wt% C ₁₂ , 2 wt% C ₁₄ , 45 wt% C ₁₆ , 2 wt% C ₁₇ , 47 wt% C ₁₈ , 1 wt% C _{18 '} ) such as soybean oil fatty acid (approx. 2 wt% C ₁₄ , 15 wt .-% C _16, 5 wt .-% C _18, 25 wt .-% C _{18 ',} 45 wt .-% C _18', 7 wt .-% C _{18 ''').} The alk (en) yl sulfates are preferably the alkali metal and, in particular, the sodium salts of the sulfuric acid half-esters of C ₁₂ -C ₁₈ fatty alcohols, for example from coconut oil alcohol, tallow fatty alcohol, lauryl, myristyl, cetyl or stearyl alcohol or the C ₁₀ -C ₂₀ -Oxo alcohols and those half esters of secondary alcohols of this chain length are preferred. Alk (en) yl sulfates of the chain length mentioned can also be used, which contain a synthetic, petrochemical-based straight-chain alkyl radical which have a degradation behavior similar to that of the adequate compounds based on oleochemical raw materials. The C ₁₂ -C ₁₆ alkyl sulfates and C ₁₂ -C ₁₅ alkyl sulfates and C ₁₄ -C ₁₅ alkyl sulfates are preferred from a washing-technical point of view.

As described above, technical mixtures of the fatty acids are preferably used to produce the fatty alcohol sulfates. Preferred detergent tablets in the context of the present invention contain the alkali metal salts, preferably sodium salts, of C _8-22 , preferably C _10-20 , and in particular C _12-18 , fatty alkyl sulfuric acids.

Regardless of the form of incorporation of the fatty alcohol sulfates, washing and rice are included Detergent tablets are preferred, in which the content of the molded body of fatty alcohol sulfates between 1 and 30 wt .-%, preferably between 1.5 and 25 wt .-%, esp preferably between 2 and 20% by weight and in particular between 2.5 and 15% by weight, each based on the weight of the molded body.

The laundry detergent and cleaning product tablets according to the invention preferably contain the total amount of alkylbenzenesulfonates and fatty alcohol sulfates in the form of a ten Sidgranulats, which contains both alkyl benzene sulfonates and fatty alcohol sulfates. Next  these may contain further anionic and nonionic surfactants in the shaped bodies be, both in the form of the surfactant granules and in other ways body can be introduced.

In addition to the alkylbenzenesulfonates (ABS) and fatty alcohol sulfates (FAS), the inventions inventive detergent tablets further surfactants from the groups the anionic, nonionic, cationic and zwitterionic surfactants contain where with anionic surfactants for economic reasons and because of their range of services are clearly preferred.

Other anionic surfactants used are, for example, those of the sulfonate and sulfate type. As surfactants of the sulfonate type come z. B. olefin sulfonates, ie mixtures of alkene and hydroxyalkanesulfonates and disulfonates, such as those obtained in example from C _12-18 monoolefins with terminal or internal double bond by sulfonation with gaseous sulfur trioxide and subsequent alkaline or acidic hydrolysis of the sulfonation products . Also suitable are alkanesulfonates obtained from C _12-18 alkanes, for example by sulfochlorination or sulfoxidation with subsequent hydrolysis or neutralization. Likewise, the esters of α-sulfofatty acids (ester sulfonates), e.g. B. the α-sulfonated methyl ester of hydrogenated coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids.

Other suitable anionic surfactants are sulfonated fatty acid glycerol esters. Under fatty acid glyce The mono-, di- and triesters as well as their mixtures are to be understood as Rinestern, as in the production by esterification of a monoglycerin with 1 to 3 moles of fatty acid or obtained in the transesterification of triglycerides with 0.3 to 2 mol of glycerol. Before pulled sulfated fatty acid glycerol esters are the sulfonation products of saturated fat acids with 6 to 22 carbon atoms, for example caproic acid, caprylic acid, Ca. pric acid, myristic acid, lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid or behenic acid.  

Also 2,3-alkyl sulfates, which, for example, according to US Pat. Nos. 3,234,258 or 5,075,041 are manufactured and sold as Shell Oil Company's commercial products Suitable anionic surfactants can be obtained under the name DAN®.

The sulfuric acid monoesters of the straight-chain or branched C _7-21 alcohols ethoxylated with 1 to 6 mol of ethylene oxide, such as 2-methyl-branched C _9-11 alcohols with an average of 3.5 mol of ethylene oxide (EO) or C _12-18 -Fatty alcohols with 1 to 4 EO, are suitable. Because of their high foaming behavior, they are used in cleaning agents only in relatively small amounts, for example in amounts of 1 to 5% by weight.

Other suitable anionic surfactants are also the salts of alkylsulfosuccinic acid, which are also referred to as sulfosuccinates or as sulfosuccinic acid esters and which are monoesters and / or diesters of sulfosuccinic acid with alcohols, preferably fatty alcohols and especially ethoxylated fatty alcohols. Preferred sulfosuccinates contain C _8-18 fatty alcohol residues or mixtures thereof. Particularly preferred sulfosuccinates contain a fatty alcohol residue, which is derived from ethoxylated fatty alcohols, which in themselves are nonionic surfactants (description see below). Again, sulfosuccinates, the fatty alcohol residues of which are derived from ethoxylated fatty alcohols with a narrow homolog distribution, are particularly preferred. It is also possible to use alk (en) ylsuccinic acid with preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alk (en) yl chain or salts thereof.

Soaps are particularly suitable as further anionic surfactants. Are suitable saturated fatty acid soaps, such as the salts of lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, Stearic acid, hydrogenated erucic acid and behenic acid and in particular from natural Fatty acids, e.g. B. coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids, derived soap mixtures.

The anionic surfactants including the soaps can be in the form of their sodium, potassium or ammonium salts and as soluble salts of organic bases, such as mono-, di- or Triethanolamine. The anionic surfactants are preferably in the form of their Sodium or potassium salts, especially in the form of the sodium salts.  

In the context of the present invention, detergent tablets are shaped preferred, the total content of anionic surfactants above 5 wt .-%, before preferably above 7.5% by weight and in particular above 10% by weight, in each case based on the weight of the molded body.

When selecting the anionic surfactants that are used in the washing and cleaning agents according to the invention detergent tablets are used, there is no freedom of formulation in the way. Preferred washing and cleaning agents However, moldings have a soap content of 0.2% by weight, based on the Ge total weight of the molded body.

The optionally used nonionic surfactants are preferably alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated, especially primary alcohols with preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms and an average of 1 to 12 moles of ethylene oxide (EO) per mole of alcohol, in which the alcohol radical is linear or preferably in the 2-position May be methyl-branched or may contain linear and methyl-branched radicals in the mixture, such as are usually present in oxo alcohol radicals. In particular, however, alcohol ethoxylates with linear residues from alcohols of native origin with 12 to 18 carbon atoms, for. B. from coconut, palm, tallow or oleyl alcohol, and an average of 2 to 8 EO per mole of alcohol be preferred. The preferred ethoxylated alcohols include, for example, C _12-14 alcohols with 3 EO or 4 EO, C _9-11 alcohol with 7 EO, C _13-15 alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO, 7 EO or 8 EO, C. _12-18 alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO or 7 EO and mixtures thereof, such as mixtures of C _12-14 alcohol with 3 EO and C _12-18 alcohol with 5 EO. The degrees of ethoxylation given represent statistical averages, which can be an integer or a fraction for a specific product. Preferred alcohol ethoxylates have a narrow homolog distribution (narrow range ethoxylates, NRE). In addition to these non-ionic surfactants, fatty alcohols with more than 12 EO can also be used. Examples include tallow fatty alcohol with 14 EO, 25 EO, 30 EO or 40 EO.

Another class of preferred nonionic surfactants, which are used either as allei some nonionic surfactant or in combination with other nonionic surfactants  are used are alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or ethoxylated and pro poxylated fatty acid alkyl esters, preferably having 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, especially fatty acid methyl esters, as described, for example, in Japanese Pa tentanmeldung JP 58/217598 are described or which preferably according to the in ternational patent application WO-A-90/13 533 method described the.

Another class of nonionic surfactants that can be used advantageously are the alkyl polyglycosides (APG). Alkypolyglycosides that can be used satisfy the general formula RO (G) _z , in which R denotes a linear or branched, in particular methyl-branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic radical having 8 to 22, preferably 12 to 18, carbon atoms and G is the symbol which stands for a glycosyl unit with 5 or 6 carbon atoms, preferably for glucose. The degree of glycosidation z is between 1.0 and 4.0, preferably between 1.0 and 2.0 and in particular between 1.1 and 1.4.

Linear alkyl polyglucosides, ie alkyl polyglycosides, are preferably used in de the polyglycosyl radical is a glucose radical and the alkyl radical is an n-alkyl radical.

The detergent tablets according to the invention can preferably Al Contain kylpolyglycoside, the contents of the molded body of APG over 0.2 wt .-%, be pulled on the entire molded body, are preferred. Particularly preferred washing and Detergent tablets contain APG in quantities of 0.2 to 10% by weight, preferably as 0.2 to 5 wt .-% and in particular from 0.5 to 3 wt .-%.

Also nonionic surfactants of the amine oxide type, for example N-cocoalkyl-N, N dimethylamine oxide and N-tallow alkyl-N, N-dihydroxyethylamine oxide, and the fatty acid alka nolamides may be suitable. The amount of these nonionic surfactants is before preferably not more than that of the ethoxylated fatty alcohols, especially not more than half of it.  

Other suitable surfactants are polyhydroxy fatty acid amides of the formula (II),

in the RCO stands for an aliphatic acyl radical with 6 to 22 carbon atoms, R ¹ for water, an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical with 1 to 4 carbon atoms and [Z] for a linear or branched polyhydroxyalkyl radical with 3 to 10 carbon atoms and 3 to 10 hydroxyl groups . The polyhydroxy fatty acid amides are known substances which can usually be obtained by reductive amination of a reducing sugar with ammonia, an alkylamine or an alkanolamine and subsequent acylation with a fatty acid, a fatty acid alkyl ester or a fatty acid chloride.

The group of polyhydroxy fatty acid amides also includes compounds of the formula (III)

in the R for a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical having 7 to 12 carbon atoms, R ¹ for a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical or an aryl radical with 2 to 8 carbon atoms and R ² for a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical or is an aryl radical or an oxyalkyl radical with 1 to 8 carbon atoms, C _1-4 alkyl or phenyl radicals being preferred and [Z] representing a linear polyhydroxyalkyl radical whose alkyl chain is substituted by at least two hydroxyl groups, or alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or propoxylated derivatives of this residue.

[Z] is preferably obtained by reductive amination of a reduced sugar, for example glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose or xylose. The N-alkoxy- or N-aryloxy-substituted compounds can then, for example, according to the teaching of the international application WO-A-95/07 331 by reaction with fatty acid remethyl esters in the presence of an alkoxide as a catalyst in the desired polyhy droxy fatty acid amides are transferred.

In the context of the present invention, detergent tablets are shaped preferred, which additionally contain nonionic surfactant (s) and in which the content of Shaped bodies of nonionic surfactants above 2% by weight, preferably above of 5% by weight and in particular above 7.5% by weight, in each case based on the shape body weight, lies.

In the context of the present invention, nonionic surfactants can be used from all groups mentioned above are used. Regardless of the chemical nature of the used nonionic surfactants, it is preferred that the in the washing and Reini Non-ionic surfactants contain a melting point below of 40 ° C, preferably below 30 ° C and in particular below 20 ° C sen.

As already mentioned above; can over the nonionic and anionic surfactants the most varied routes in the detergents and cleaning agents according to the invention molded bodies are incorporated. You can add the premix to be pressed for example in solid form, or in liquid form from the premix be sprayed on. It has proven advantageous to produce surfactant granules which with other powdered components to the premix to be tabletted be mixed and pressed. Detergents and cleaning agents are according to the invention preferred molded articles which contain the surfactants in the form of a surfactant-containing granulate, that in amounts of 40 to 95 wt .-%, preferably from 45 to 85 wt .-% and in particular dere from 55 to 75 wt .-%, based in each case on the weight of the shaped body, in the shaped body peru is included.  

To the desired amount of detergent active in the detergents and cleaning agents to incorporate moldings, detergent tablets are preferred, in which the surfactant granules have a surfactant content of from 5 to 60% by weight, preferably from 10 to 50 wt .-% and in particular from 15 to 40 wt .-%, each based on the weight of the Granular surfactant. In particular detergent tablets, at de NEN the content of the surfactant granules of anionic surfactants 5 to 45 wt .-%, preferably as 10 to 40 wt .-% and in particular 15 to 35 wt .-%, each based on the Ge weight of the surfactant granules, as well as detergent tablets which the content of the surfactant granules of nonionic surfactants 1 to 30% by weight preferably 5 to 25 wt .-% and in particular 7.5 to 20 wt .-%, each based on the Weight of the surfactant granules is preferred according to the invention.

To obtain storage-stable and free-flowing surfactant granules, it is preferred to venn carrier substances are added in the manufacture of the surfactant granules, the surfactant granules thus contain scaffolding substances. Other ingredients of washing and cleaning agents, in particular so-called small components such as optical brighteners, polymers, Defoamers, phosphonates, colors and fragrances can be part of the surfactant granulate his. These substances are described below.

In addition to the washing-active substances, builders are the most important ingredients of Detergents and cleaning agents. In the washing and cleaning agents according to the invention Shaped bodies can all usually be used in washing and cleaning agents Th builders may be included, especially zeolites, silicates, carbonates, organic Cobuilder and - where there are no ecological prejudices against their use - also that Phosphates. These builders can be added to the mixtures to be tabletted den, but they can also be part or all of a component of surfactant granules.

Crystalline, layered sodium silicates suitable as builders have the general formula NaMSi _x O _{2x + 1} .H ₂ O, where M is sodium or hydrogen, x is a number from 1.9 to 4 and y is a number from 0 to 20 and is preferred Values for x are 2, 3 or 4. Such crystalline layered silicates are described, for example, in European patent application EP-A-0 164 514. Preferred crystalline layered silicates of the given formula are those in which M represents sodium and x assumes the values 2 or 3. In particular, both β- and δ-sodium disilicate Na ₂ Si ₂ O ₅ .yH ₂ O are preferred, wherein β-sodium disilicate can be obtained, for example, by the method described in international patent application WO-A-91/08 171 .

Amorphous sodium silicates with a modulus Na ₂ O: SiO ₂ of 1: 2 to 1: 3.3, preferably from 1: 2 to 1: 2.8 and in particular from 1: 2 to 1: 2.6, can also be used are delayed and have secondary washing properties. The delay in dissolution compared to conventional amorphous sodium silicates can be caused in various ways, for example by surface treatment, compounding, compaction / compression or by overdrying. In the context of this invention, the term “amorphous” is also understood to mean “X-ray amorphous”. This means that the silicates in X-ray diffraction experiments do not provide sharp X-ray reflections, as are typical for crystalline substances, but at most one or more maxima of the scattered X-rays, which have a width of several degree units of the diffraction angle. However, it can very well lead to particularly good builder properties if the silicate particles deliver washed-out or even sharp diffraction maxima in electron diffraction experiments. This is to be interpreted in such a way that the products have microcrystalline ranges of size 10 to a few hundred nm, values up to max. 50 nm and in particular up to max. 20 nm are preferred. Such so-called X-ray amorphous silicates, which also have a delay in dissolution compared to the conventional water glasses, are described, for example, in German patent application DE-A-44 00 024. Particularly preferred are compressed / compacted amorphous silicates, compounded amorphous silicates and over-dried X-ray amorphous silicates.

If desired, you can use the menu that is usually introduced through the surfactant granulate ge on P- and / or X-type zeolite, further zeolite is incorporated into the premix be by adding zeolite as a treatment component. The one used finely crystalline, synthetic and bound water-containing zeolite is preferred a type A, P, X or Y zeolite. However, zeolite X and mixture are also suitable  gen from A, X and / or P. Suitable zeolites have an average particle size of we less than 10 µm (volume distribution; measurement method: Coulter Counter) on and included preferably 18 to 22% by weight, in particular 20 to 22% by weight of bound water.

It goes without saying that the generally known phosphates are also used as buildersub punching possible, provided that such use is not avoided for ecological reasons should be. The sodium salts of orthophosphates, the py rophosphates and especially the tripolyphosphates.

As organic cobuilders in the washing and cleaning agents according to the invention Telformkörper in particular polycarboxylates / polycarboxylic acids, polymeric polycarboxy latex, aspartic acid, polyacetals, dextrins, other organic cobuilders (see below) and phosphonates are used. These classes of substances are described below ben.

Usable organic builders are, for example, those in the form of their sodium salt ze usable polycarboxylic acids, such polycarboxylic acids among polycarboxylic acids can be understood that carry more than one acid function. For example, these are Citro Nenoic acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, maleic acid, Fumaric acid, sugar acids, aminocarboxylic acids, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), if one such use is not objectionable for ecological reasons, as well as mixtures from these. Preferred salts are the salts of polycarboxylic acids such as citric acid, Adi Pinic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, tartaric acid, sugar acids and mixtures of the sen.

The acids themselves can also be used. The acids have besides their buil the effect typically also the property of an acidifying component and serve thus also for setting a lower and milder pH value of washing or Detergents. In particular, citric acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, Adipic acid, gluconic acid and any mixtures of these.  

Polymeric polycarboxylates are also suitable as builders, for example those Alkali metal salts of polyacrylic acid or polymethacrylic acid, for example those with a molecular weight of 500 to 70,000 g / mol.

In the context of this document, the molecular weights given for polymeric polycarboxylates are weight-average molecular weights M _{w of} the particular acid form, which were determined in principle by means of gel permeation chromatography (GPC), using a UV detector. The measurement was carried out against an external polyacrylic acid standard, which provides realistic molecular weight values due to its structural relationship with the investigated polymers. This information differs significantly from the molecular weight information for which polystyrene sulfonic acids are used as standard. The molecular weights measured against polystyrene sulfonic acids are generally significantly higher than the molecular weights given in this document.

Suitable polymers are in particular polyacrylates, which preferably have a molecular weight of Have 2000 to 20,000 g / mol. Because of their superior solubility, the This group in turn the short-chain polyacrylates, the molecular weights from 2000 to 10000 g / mol, and particularly preferably from 3000 to 5000 g / mol, preferably his.

Also suitable are copolymeric polycarboxylates, especially those of acrylic acid with methacrylic acid and acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with maleic acid. As a special copolymers of acrylic acid with maleic acid, 50 to Contain 90 wt .-% acrylic acid and 50 to 10 wt .-% maleic acid. Your relative mole Cooling mass, based on free acids, is generally from 2000 to 70,000 g / mol preferably 20,000 to 50,000 glmol and in particular 30,000 to 40,000 g / mol.

The (co) polymeric polycarboxylates can be either as a powder or as an aqueous solution be used. The content of (co) polymeric polycarboxylates in the agent is before preferably 0.5 to 20% by weight, in particular 3 to 10% by weight.  

To improve water solubility, the polymers can also allylsulfonic acids, such as for example, allyloxybenzenesulfonic acid and methallylsulfonic acid, as a monomer ten.

Biodegradable polymers of more than two ver. Are also particularly preferred different monomer units, for example those that act as monomers salts of acrylic acid and maleic acid and vinyl alcohol or vinyl alcohol derivatives or as Monomeric salts of acrylic acid and 2-alkylallylsulfonic acid as well as sugar derivatives contain.

Further preferred copolymers are those which are described in German patent applications DE- A-43 03 320 and DE-A-44 17 734 are described and preferably as monomers Have acrolein and acrylic acid / acrylic acid salts or acrolein and vinyl acetate.

Likewise, further preferred builder substances are polymeric aminodicarboxylic acids, to name their salts or their precursors. Polyas are particularly preferred paraginic acids or their salts and derivatives, of which in the German patent application dung DE-A-195 40 086 discloses that, in addition to cobuilder properties, it also has a have a bleach-stabilizing effect.

Other suitable builder substances are polyacetals, which are produced by the implementation of Dial dehyden with polyol carboxylic acids, which have 5 to 7 carbon atoms and at least 3 hydroxyl have groups that can be obtained. Preferred polyacetals are from Dialde hyden such as glyoxal, glutaraldehyde, terephthalaldehyde and their mixtures and from Obtained polyol carboxylic acids such as gluconic acid and / or glucoheptonic acid.

Other suitable organic builder substances are dextrins, for example oligomers or polymers of carbohydrates obtained by partial hydrolysis of starches can be. The hydrolysis can be carried out according to conventional methods, for example acid or enzyme lysed procedures are carried out. It is preferably hydrolysis pro Products with average molecular weights in the range of 400 to 500,000 g / mol. There is a poly saccharide with a dextrose equivalent (DE) in the range of 0.5 to 40, in particular  from 2 to 30 preferred, DE being a common measure of the reducing effect of a polysaccharide compared to dextrose, which has a DE of 100. Both maltodextrins with a DE between 3 and 20 and dry glu can be used cosesirupe with a DE between 20 and 37 as well as so-called yellow dextrins and White dextrins with higher molar masses in the range from 2000 to 30000 glmol.

The oxidized derivatives of such dextrins are their reaction products with oxidizing agents which are capable of oxidizing at least one alcohol function of the saccharide ring to the carboxylic acid function. Such oxidized dextrins and processes for their preparation are known, for example, from European patent applications EP-A-0 232 202, EP-A-0 427 349, EP-A-0 472 042 and EP-A-0 542 496 and international patent applications WO 92/18 542, WO 93/08 251, WO 93/16 110, WO 94/28 030, WO 95/07 303, WO 95/12 619 and WO 95/20 608. An oxidized oligosaccharide according to German patent application DE-A-196 00 018 is also suitable. A product oxidized at C _{6 of} the saccharide ring can be particularly advantageous.

Also oxydisuccinates and other derivatives of disuccinates, preferably ethylenedia mindisuccinate are other suitable cobuilders. Here, ethylenediamine-N, N'- disuccinate (EDDS) preferably used in the form of its sodium or magnesium salts. Glycerol disuccinates and Gly are also preferred in this context cerintrisuccinate. Suitable amounts are in zeolite and / or silicate salts gene formulations at 3 to 15 wt .-%.

Other useful organic cobuilders are, for example, acetylated hydroxycarbon acids or their salts, which may optionally also be in lactone form, and which have at least 4 carbon atoms and at least one hydroxyl group and maxi contain two acid groups. Such cobuilders are used, for example, in the inter national patent application WO 95/20 029.

Another class of substances with cobuilder properties are the phosphonates it is in particular hydroxyalkane or aminoalkanephosphonates. Under  the hydroxyalkane phosphonates is 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonate (HEDP) from of particular importance as a cobuilder. It is preferably used as the sodium salt the disodium salt being neutral and the tetrasodium salt being alkaline (pH 9). As Aminoalkane phosphonates preferably come from ethylenediaminetetramethylenephosphonate (EDTMP), diethylenetriaminepentamethylenephosphonate (DTPMP) and their higher Ho mologist in question. They are preferably in the form of the neutral sodium salts, e.g. B. as the hexasodium salt of EDTMP or as the hepta- and octa-sodium salt of DTPMP, used. HEDP is preferred as a builder from the phosphonate class turns. The aminoalkanephosphonates also have a pronounced heavy metal bin de assets. Accordingly, it can, especially if the agent also ent bleach hold, be preferred to use aminoalkane phosphonates, in particular DTPMP, or To use mixtures of the phosphonates mentioned.

In addition, all compounds that are capable of complexing with alkaline earth train ions as cobuilders.

The production of surfactant-containing granules is widely described in the prior art, wherein in addition to extensive patent literature, numerous review articles and monogra phien can be used. This is how W. Hermann de Groot, I. Adami, G. F. Moretti "The Manufacture of Modern Detergent Powders", Hermann de Groot Academic Publisher, Wassenaar, 1995 various spray drying, mixing and granulating processes ren for the production of detergents and cleaning agents.

For energetic reasons, it is preferred in the context of the present invention if the surfactant-containing granules are not spray dried, but by a granulation process ren is manufactured. In addition to the conventional granulation and agglomeration processes, carried out in a wide variety of mixing granulators and mixing agglomerators press agglomeration processes can also be used, for example. Procedure ren, in which the surfactant-containing granules by granulation, agglomeration, press agglome ration or a combination of these methods are therefore preferred.  

The granulation can be found in a wide variety of industries in the detergent and cleaning agent industries usually used apparatus can be carried out. For example, it is possible Lich to use the rounding agents common in pharmacy. In such a turntable app temperatures, the residence time of the granules is usually less than 20 seconds. Conventional mixers and mixing granulators are also suitable for granulation. As Mixers can be both high-intensity mixers ("high-shear mixer") and nor male mixers with lower circulation speeds can be used. Suitable Wed. Shearers are, for example, Eirich® mixers of the R or RV series (trademark of Ma Schinenfabrik Gustav Eirich, Hardheim), the Schugi® Flexomix, the Fukae® FS-G mixer (Trademark of Fukae Powtech, Kogyo Co., Japan), the Lödige® FM, KM and CB Mixer (trademark of Lödige Maschinenbau GmbH, Paderborn) or the Drais® Series T or K-T (trademark of Drais-Werke GmbH, Mannheim). The dwell times the granules in the mixers are in the range of less than 60 seconds, the Dwell time also depends on the speed of rotation of the mixer. Shorten this the faster the mixer runs, the dwell times accordingly. These are preferably Residence times of the granules in the mixer / rounder are less than one minute, preferably less than 15 seconds. In slow running mixers, e.g. B. a Lödige KM, become lingering times of up to 20 minutes, with dwell times of less than 10 minutes due to the Process economics are preferred.

In the press agglomeration process, the surfactant-containing granules are under pressure and compressed under the influence of shear forces and homogenized and then discharged form-giving from the apparatus. The most technically significant press agglomerates tion processes are extrusion, roller compaction, pelleting and ta blett. In the context of the present invention, preferably for the preparation of the surfactant Pressed agglomeration processes containing granules are extrusion, the whale zen compacting and pelleting.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the surfactant-containing granules preferably continuously a planetary roller extruder or a 2-shaft extruder or 2-screw extruder with co-rotating or counter-rotating screw guidance  fed, its housing and its extruder pelletizing head to the predetermined extru dier temperature can be heated. Under the shear of the extruder screws the premix is under pressure, which is preferably at least 25 bar, at extreme high throughputs depending on the apparatus used but also below condensed, plasticized, in the form of fine strands through the perforated nozzle plate in the Extruder head extruded and finally the extrudate using a rotating tee knife preferably to approximately spherical to cylindrical granules nert. The hole diameter of the perforated nozzle plate and the strand cut length are matched to the selected granule size. In this embodiment, the Production of granules of a substantially uniformly predeterminable part size, in particular the absolute particle sizes of the intended use purpose may be adapted. Important embodiments see the production of uniform granules in the millimeter range, for example in the range from 0.8 to 5 mm and in particular in the range from about 1.0 to 3 mm. The length / diameter The ratio of the primary granules chipped off is an important factor tion form in the range from about 1: 1 to about 3: 1. It is further preferred that the pla to supply static primary granules to a further shaping processing step; there at edges present on the crude extrudate are rounded off, so that ultimately spherical until approximately spherical extrudate grains can be obtained. Alternatively, you can Extrusions / pressings also in low pressure extruders, in the Kahl press or in Be extruder be carried out.

In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Her adjustment process for the surfactant-containing granules by means of a roller compacting leads. Here, the surfactant-containing granulate is targeted between two smooth or vertically Rolls of defined shape dosed and between the two whale zen rolled under pressure into a leaf-shaped compact, the so-called Schülpe. The rollers exert a high line pressure on the premix and can vary depending on Required to be additionally heated or cooled. When using smooth rollers he one keeps smooth, unstructured cuffs, while using struktu structured rolls or structured pellets or individual pellets  can, in which, for example, certain forms of the later granules or molded articles can be specified by. The cuff band is subsequently knocked off and crushing process broken into smaller pieces and this way too Granules are processed by other known surfaces treatment process further remunerated, in particular in approximately spherical shape can be brought.

In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Her position of the surfactant-containing granules carried out by pelleting. Here will The surfactant-containing granules are applied to a perforated surface and applied using a pressure body through the holes. In common embodiments of pellet The tenside-containing granulate is compressed under pressure, plasticized, using a rotating roller in the form of fine strands pressed through a perforated surface and finally crushed into granules with a knock-off device. Here are the Different configurations of the pressure roller and perforated die are conceivable. So For example, flat perforated plates are used as well as concave or con vex ring matrices through which the material passes through one or more pressure rollers is pressed through. The press rolls can also be conical in the plate machines, in the ring-shaped devices, dies and press roll (s) can run in the same direction or against have a common sense of rotation. A ge for performing the method according to the invention A suitable apparatus is described, for example, in German published patent application DE 38 16 842 (Schlüter GmbH). The ring die press disclosed in this document exists from a rotating ring die interspersed with press channels and at least one with whose inner surface is operatively connected to the press roller, which is the die space guided material through the press channels in a material discharge. Here are ring die and press roller can be driven in the same direction, resulting in reduced shear stress and thus a lower temperature increase of the premix can be achieved. Self ver Of course, it is also possible to work with heatable or coolable rollers when pelleting to set a desired temperature of the premix.  

In addition to builders and alkylbenzenesulfonates and fatty alcohol sulfates, for example wise in the form of a surfactant granulate (or more surfactant granules) NEN, the detergent tablets of the present invention contain further ingredients of washing and cleaning agents. The one to be pressed Premix can be used as processing components in addition to the aforementioned In Contains other ingredients common in washing and cleaning agents, in particular from the group of disintegration aids, bleaching agents, bleach activators, enzymes, pH adjusters, fragrances, perfume carriers, fluorescent agents, dyes, foam inhibitors ren, silicone oils, anti-redeposition agents, optical brighteners, graying inhibitors, Color transfer inhibitors and corrosion inhibitors included. The substances mentioned but can also be part or all of the surfactant granules. In order to facilitate the disintegration of highly compressed moldings, it is possible to disintegrate on aids, so-called tablet disintegrants, to incorporate them into the disintegration to shorten times. Under tablet disintegrants or disintegrators according to Römpp (9th edition, vol. 6, p. 4440) and Voigt "Textbook of pharmaceutical Technologie "(6th edition, 1987, pp. 182-184) understood auxiliary substances that are necessary for the rapid Disintegration of tablets in water or gastric juice and for the release of the pharmaceuticals in provide resorbable form.

These substances, which are also referred to as "explosives" due to their effect, ver increase their volume when water enters, and on the one hand increases their own volume (Swelling), on the other hand, a pressure can be generated via the release of gases which can break the tablet into smaller particles. Well-known disintegration aid medium are, for example, carbonate / citric acid systems, but also other organic ones Acids can be used. Swelling disintegration aids are, for example synthetic polymers such as polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) or natural polymers or mo differentiated natural substances such as cellulose and starch and their derivatives, alginates or casein Derivatives.  

Preferred detergent tablets contain 0.5 to 10% by weight preferably 3 to 7% by weight and in particular 4 to 6% by weight of one or more disinfectants Gration aids, each based on the weight of the molded body.

Disintegrants based on cellulose are used as preferred disintegrants in the context of the present invention, so that preferred laundry detergents and cleaning agents form such a disintegrant based on cellulose in amounts of 0.5 to 10% by weight, preferably 3 to 7% by weight and in particular Contain 4 to 6 wt .-%. Pure cellulose has the formal gross composition (C ₆ H ₁₀ O ₅ ) _n and, formally speaking, is a β-1,4-polyacetal of cellobiose, which in turn is made up of two molecules of glucose. Suitable celluloses consist of approximately 500 to 5000 glucose units and consequently have average molecular weights of 50,000 to 500,000. Cellulose-based disintegrants which can be used in the context of the present invention are also cellulose derivatives which can be obtained from cellulose by polymer-analogous reactions. Such chemically modified celluloses include, for example, products from esterifications or etherifications in which hydroxy hydrogen atoms have been substituted. However, celluloses in which the hydroxyl groups have been replaced by functional groups which are not bound via an oxygen atom can also be used as cellulose derivatives. The group of cellulose derivatives includes, for example, alkali celluloses, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), cellulose esters and ethers and aminocelluloses. The cellulose derivatives mentioned are preferably used not only as cellulose-based disintegrants, but rather in a mixture with cellulose. The content of cellulose derivatives in these mixtures is preferably below 50% by weight, particularly preferably below 20% by weight, based on the cellulose-based disintegrant. Pure cellulose which is free from cellulose derivatives is particularly preferably used as a cellulose-based disintegrant.

The cellulose used as disintegration aid is preferably not finely divided form, but before mixing into the premixes to be pressed converted into a coarser form, for example granulated or compacted. Washing and  Detergent tablets, the disintegrant in granular or optionally cogranu Contained form, are in the German patent applications DE 197 09 991 (Ste fan Herzog) and DE 197 10 254 (Henkel) and the international patent application WO98 / 40 463 (Henkel). These writings are also more detailed information on the Her position of granulated, compacted or cogranulated cellulose disintegrants men. The particle sizes of such disintegrants are usually above 200 μm, preferably at least 90% by weight between 300 and 1600 µm and in particular to at least 90% by weight between 400 and 1200 µm. The above and in the writings cited described coarser disintegration aids on cellulose In the context of the present invention, bases are preferred as disintegration aids used and commercially, for example under the name Arbocel® TF-30-HG by available from Rettenmaier.

As a further disintegrant based on cellulose or as part of this compo microcrystalline cellulose can be used. This microcrystalline cellulose is obtained by partial hydrolysis of celluloses under conditions that only attack the amorphous areas (approx. 30% of the total cellulose mass) of the celluloses and dissolve completely, but leave the crystalline areas (approx. 70%) undamaged. A subsequent disaggregation of the microfine cellulo produced by the hydrolysis sen supplies the microcrystalline celluloses, which have primary particle sizes of approx. 5 µm sen and, for example, to granules with an average particle size of 200 microns are pactable.

The coating of the molding is also used to improve the mechanical property pers with a coating that covers the entire molded body possible. Such be Layered detergent tablets can be sprayed on by a Melt or solution of the coating material on the molded body or dipping the Shaped body are made in the melt or solution. In preferred embodiment Forms of the present invention are the detergent tablets however, not coated with a coating that covers the entire molded body.  

Through the use according to the invention of the auxiliaries in the particle size mentioned rich and optionally supported by the use of disintegration aids (see below), detergent tablets can be produced according to the invention, which disintegrate extremely quickly into their constituents at high hardnesses in water. Especially detergents and cleaning agents are preferred in the context of the present invention molded articles that are completely in their seconds in water at 30 ° C in less than 60 seconds dart particles disintegrate which are so small that they settle over the induction chamber of a house Have the normal washing machine wash in.

Among the compounds which serve as bleaching agents and supply H ₂ O ₂ in water, sodium perborate tetrahydrate and sodium perborate monohydrate are of particular importance. Other bleaching agents that can be used are, for example, sodium percarbonate, peroxypyrophosphates, citrate perhydrates and H ₂ O ₂ -producing peracidic salts or peracids, such as per benzoates, peroxophthalates, diperazelaic acid, phthaloiminoperacid or diperdodecanedioic acid. Even when using the bleaching agents, it is possible to dispense with the use of surfactants and / or builders, so that pure bleach tablets can be produced. If such bleach tablets are to be used for washing textiles, a combination of sodium percarbonate with sodium sesquicarbonate is preferred, regardless of what other ingredients are contained in the moldings. If cleaning tablets or bleach tablets for machine dishwashing are manufactured, bleaching agents from the group of organic bleaching agents can also be used. Typical organic bleaches are the diacyl peroxides, such as. B. dibenzoyl peroxide. Other typical organic bleaching agents are the peroxy acids, examples of which include the alkyl peroxy acids and the aryl peroxy acids. Preferred representatives are (a) peroxybenzoic acid and its ring-substituted derivatives, such as alkylperoxybenzoic acids, but also peroxy-α-naphthoic acid and magnesium monoperphthalate, (b) the aliphatic or substituted aliphatic peroxyacids, such as peroxylauric acid, peroxystearic acid, s-phthalimidthanoic acidoperoximinoxy acid (PAP)], o-carboxybenzamidoperoxycaproic acid, N-nonenylamidoperadipic acid and N nonenylamidopersuccinate, and (c) aliphatic and araliphatic peroxydicarboxylic acids, such as 1,12-diperoxycarboxylic acid, 1,9-diperoxyazelaic acid, diperocysebacinic acid, diperoxydoxydiacyldiperoxyacid, diperoxydiacyldiperoxyacid, diperoxydiacyldiperoxyacid, 1,4-diacid, N, N-terephthaloyl-di (6-aminopercapronic acid) can be used.

Chlorine or. Can also be used as bleaching agents in moldings for automatic dishwashing Bromine-releasing substances are used. Among the appropriate chlorine or bromine releasing materials come for example heterocyclic N-bromine and N- Chloramides, for example trichloroisocyanuric acid, tribromoisocyanuric acid, Dibromo isocyanuric acid and / or dichloroisocyanuric acid (DICA) and / or their salts with Cations such as potassium and sodium are considered. Hydantoin compounds such as 1,3-dichloro- 5,5-dimethylhydanthoin are also suitable.

To be a better choice when washing or cleaning at temperatures of 60 ° C and below To achieve the greatest bleaching effect, bleach activators can be used as the sole component or be incorporated as an ingredient of component b). Can be used as bleach activators Compounds containing aliphatic peroxocarboxylic acids under perhydrolysis conditions preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, in particular 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and / or given if substituted perbenzoic acid result, are used. Suitable substances are the O- and / or N-acyl groups of the number of carbon atoms mentioned and / or optionally sub carry substituted benzoyl groups. Multi-acylated alkylenediamines, ins special tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED), acylated triazine derivatives, in particular 1,5- Diacetyl-2,4-dioxohexahydro-1,3,5-triazine (DADHT), acylated glycolurils, in particular Tetraacetylglycoluril (TAGU), N-acylimides, especially N-nonanoylsuccinimide (NOSI), acylated phenol sulfonates, especially n-nonanoyl or isononanoyloxybenzene sulfonate (n- or iso-NOBS), carboxylic anhydrides, especially phthalic anhydride, acylated polyhydric alcohols, especially triacetin, ethylene glycol diacetate and 2,5- Diacetoxy-2,5-dihydrofuran.

In addition to the conventional bleach activators or in their place, too so-called bleaching catalysts can be incorporated into the moldings. With this stuff fen are bleach-enhancing transition metal salts or transition metal complexes such as Mn, Fe, Co, Ru or Mo salt complexes or -  carbonyl complexes. Also Mn, Fe, Co, Ru, Mo, Ti, V and Cu complexes with N containing tripod ligands and Co, Fe, Cu and Ru amine complexes are bleached catalysts can be used.

Enzymes in particular come from the hydrolase classes such as the protea sen, esterases, lipases or lipolytically active enzymes, amylases, cellulases or other glycosyl hydrolases and mixtures of the enzymes mentioned in question. All this hy drolasen wear in the laundry to remove stains such as protein, fat or starchy stains and graying. Cellulases and other glycosyl hy drolasen can also be removed by removing pilling and microfibrils Color preservation and increase the softness of the textile. For bleaching or Inhibition of color transfer can also be used oxidoreductases. Especially are particularly suitable from bacterial strains or fungi such as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Streptomyceus griseus, Coprinus Cinereus and Humicola insolens as well their genetically modified variants obtained enzymatic active ingredients. Before Proteases of the subtilisin type and in particular proteases derived from Ba cillus lentus are used. There are enzyme mixtures, for example from protease and amylase or protease and lipase or lipolytic enzymes or protease and cellulase or from cellulase and lipase or lipolytically acting enes zymmen or from protease, amylase and lipase or lipolytic enzymes or Protease, lipase or lipolytically active enzymes and cellulase, but especially Protease and / or lipase-containing mixtures or mixtures with lipolytically active Enzymes of special interest. Examples of such lipolytic enzymes are the well-known cutinases. Peroxidases or oxidases have also been found in some Cases proved to be suitable. Suitable amylases include in particular alpha- Amylases, iso-amylases, pullulanases and pectinases. As cellulases are preferred as cellobiohydrolases, endoglucanases and glucosidases, which also cellobiases ge are called, or mixtures of these are used. Since different cellulase Distinguishing types by their CMCase and Avicelase activities can by ge targeted mixtures of the cellulases the desired activities can be set.  

The enzymes can be adsorbed on carriers or embedded in coating substances in order to protect them against premature decomposition. The proportion of enzymes, enzyme mixtures or enzyme granules can, for example, about 0.1 to 5 wt .-%, preferably 0.5 to about 4.5% by weight.

In addition, the detergent tablets can also ent components hold, which positively influence the oil and fat washability from textiles (so-called called soil repellents). This effect is particularly evident when a textile is dirty is already several times with a detergent according to the invention, this Contains oil and fat-dissolving component, was washed. Among the preferred oil and fat-dissolving components include, for example, nonionic cellulose ethers such as methyl cellulose and methylhydroxypropyl cellulose with a proportion of methoxyl groups of 15 to 30 wt .-% and of hydroxypropoxyl groups from 1 to 15 wt .-%, each bezo gene on the nonionic cellulose ether, as well as those known from the prior art Polymers of phthalic acid and / or terephthalic acid or their derivatives, in particular special polymers of ethylene terephthalates and / or polyethylene glycol terephthalates or anionically and / or nonionically modified derivatives of these. Especially be of these, the sulfonated derivatives of phthalic and terephthalic acids are preferred re-polymers.

The moldings can be derivatives of diaminostilbenedisulfonic acid as optical brighteners or their alkali metal salts. Are suitable for. B. Salts of 4,4'-bis (2-anilino-4- morpholino-1,3,5-triazinyl-6-amino) stilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid or the like Compounds which, instead of the morpholino group, a diethanolamino group, a Me wear thylamino group, an anilino group or a 2-methoxyethylamino group. Wei thereafter brighteners of the substituted diphenylstyryl type may be present, e.g. B. the alkali salts of 4,4'-bis (2-sulfostyryl) diphenyl, 4,4'-bis (4-chloro-3-sulfostyryl) - diphenyls, or 4- (4-chlorostyryl) -4 '- (2-sulfostyryl) diphenyls. Mixtures of the pre named brighteners can be used.  

Dyes and fragrances become the detergent and cleaning agent form according to the invention added bodies to improve the aesthetic impression of the products and Ver In addition to the softness performance, users need a visually and sensory "typical and unmatched interchangeable "product. As perfume oils or fragrances can individual fragrance compounds, e.g. B. the synthetic products of the ester type, Ethers, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols and hydrocarbons can be used. Smell Compounds of the ester type are e.g. B. benzyl acetate, phenoxyethyl isobutyrate, p tert-Butylcyclohexylacetate, Linalylacetat, Dimethylbenzylcarbinylacetat, Phenylethylace tat, linalyl benzoate, benzyl formate, ethyl methylphenyl glycinate, allyl cyclohexyl propionate, Styrallyl propionate and benzyl salicylate. The ethers include, for example, benzylethyl lether, to the aldehydes z. B. the linear alkanals with 8-18 C atoms, Citral, Citronel lal, citronellyloxyacetaldehyde, cyclamenaldehyde, hydroxycitronellal, lilial and bourgeo nal, to the ketones z. B. the Jonone, α-isomethylionone and methylcedryl ketone to the Alcohols anethole, citronellol, eugenol, geraniol, linalool, phenylethyl alcohol and ter pineol, the hydrocarbons mainly include terpenes such as limonene and Pinene. However, mixtures of different odoriferous substances are preferably used create an appealing fragrance together. Such perfume oils can also be natural che fragrance mixtures contain, as they are accessible from plant sources, for. B. Pine, citrus, jasmine, patchouly, rose or ylang-ylang oil. Are also suitable Muscatel, sage oil, chamomile oil, clove oil, lemon balm oil, mint oil, cinnamon leaf oil, linden flower oil, juniper berry oil, vetiver oil, olibanum oil, galbanum oil and labdanum oil as well Orange blossom oil, neroliol, orange peel oil and sandalwood oil.

The content of the detergent and cleaning agent form according to the invention is usually body of dyes below 0.01 wt .-%, while fragrances up to 2 wt .-% of the ge can make up the entire wording.

The fragrances can be incorporated directly into the agents according to the invention But it can also be advantageous to apply the fragrances to carriers that increase the adhesion of the Reinforcing perfumes on the laundry and slower fragrance release for longer maintain the fragrance of the textiles. Such carrier materials have, for example  se cyclodextrins have proven themselves, with the cyclodextrin-perfume complexes additionally other auxiliaries can be coated.

In order to improve the aesthetic impression of the agents according to the invention, they can can be colored with suitable dyes. Preferred dyes, the selection of which Specialist poses no difficulty, has a high storage stability and is unstable sensitivity to the other ingredients of the agents and to light and none pronounced substantivity towards textile fibers so as not to stain them.

Another object of the present invention is a method for producing Detergent tablets by mixing granules containing surfactants finely divided processing components and subsequent shaping pressing in known manner, the ratio of alkylbenzenesulfonates to fatty alcohol sul faten is in the range of 3: 1 to 1: 100.

Variants in which the ratio is also preferred in the method according to the invention nis within a narrow range. Preferred processes are characterized thereby records that the ratio of alkylbenzenesulfonates to fatty alcohol sulfates in the range from 2: 1 to 1:75, preferably from 1.5: 1 to 1:50, particularly preferably from 1: 1 to 1:25 and in particular from 1: 2 to 1:10.

As mentioned above, the surfactants can be in the moldings in different ways are introduced by, the incorporation via surfactant granules being particularly advantageous is. Process engineering advantages from a separation of alkylbenzenesul Fonaten and fatty alcohol sulfates result, so that processes in which two surfactant Granules mixed with finely divided processing components and subsequently in be pressed in a known manner to give shape, the one surfactant granulate Alkylbenzenesulfonate surfactants and the other surfactant granules ent the fatty alcohol sulfates holds, are preferred according to the invention.  

Of course, according to the invention it is also possible to use only a single surfactant grade to use nulate, i.e. to carry out a process variant in which a surfactant Granules mixed with finely divided processing components and then in is molded in a known manner, the surfactant granules being both alkyl Contains benzenesulfonates as well as fatty alcohol sulfates.

If this process variant is chosen, it is preferred that the surfactant-containing granules Total anionic surfactant contents from 5 to 40% by weight, preferably from 10 to 35% by weight and in particular from 15 to 30% by weight, based in each case on the weight of the surfactant gra nulate, wherein the content of the surfactant granules of alkylbenzenesulfonates is preferred example 1 to 30 wt .-%, particularly preferably 2 to 25 wt .-% and in particular 3 to 20 Wt .-%, and the content of the surfactant granules of fatty alcohol sulfates preferably 1 to 35 % By weight, particularly preferably 2.5 to 30% by weight and in particular 5 to 25% by weight, each Weil based on the weight of the surfactant granules.

As mentioned above, the addition of nonionic surfactants is often advantageous. Ver drive in which the surfactant-containing granules total surfactant content of 5 to 60 wt .-%, preferably from 10 to 50% by weight and in particular from 15 to 40% by weight, in each case be referred to the weight of the surfactant granules, the content of the surfactant granules lats of anionic surfactants preferably 5 to 45 wt .-%, particularly preferably 10 to 40 wt .-% and in particular 15 to 35 wt .-%, and the content of the surfactant granules nonionic surfactants preferably 1 to 30% by weight, particularly preferably 5 to 25 % By weight and in particular 7.5 to 20% by weight, in each case based on the weight of the ten Sidgranulats, is therefore also preferred embodiments of the present Invention.

Before pressing the particulate premix into detergent and cleaning agent The premix can be shaped with finely divided surface treatment agents be "powdered". This can affect the nature and physical properties of the premix (storage, pressing) as well as the finished washing and cleaning molded article may be advantageous. Finely divided powdering agents are known in the art  Well-known technology, mostly zeolites, silicates or other inorganic salts be set. However, the premix is preferred with finely divided zeolite "powdered", with zeolites of the faujasite type being preferred. As part of the present the invention denotes the term "faujasite type zeolite" all three zeolites that form the faujasite subgroup of zeolite structure group 4 (compare Donald W. Breck: "Zeolite Molecular Sieves", John Wiley & Sons, New York, London, Sydney, To ronto, 1974, page 92). In addition to the zeolite X, there are also zeolite Y and faujasite as well Mixtures of these compounds can be used, the pure zeolite X being preferred.

Within the scope of the present invention are processes for the production of washing and Preferred detergent tablets, in which the or one of the subsequently added mixed finely divided processing components with a zeolite of the faujasite type Chen sizes below 100 microns, preferably below 10 microns and in particular below 5 µm and at least 0.2% by weight, preferably at least 0.5% by weight and in particular which makes up more than 1% by weight of the premix to be pressed.

In preferred methods according to the invention, the premix to be pressed has Bulk density of at least 500 g / l, preferably at least 600 g / l and in particular especially above 700 g / l, and also has one or more substances from the Group of disintegration aids, bleaching agents, bleach activators, enzymes, ph- Adjusting agents, fragrances, perfume carriers, fluorescent agents, dyes, foam inhibitors, Silicone oils, anti-redeposition agents, optical brighteners, graying inhibitors, Color transfer inhibitors and corrosion inhibitors.

To produce the moldings according to the invention, the premix is in a so-called called die between two stamps compressed into a solid compressed. This The process, which is briefly referred to below as tableting, is divided into four Sections: dosage, compression (elastic deformation), plastic deformation and Expel.  

First, the premix is introduced into the die, the filling quantity and thus the weight and shape of the resulting molded body through the position of the lower one Stamp and the shape of the press tool can be determined. The constant dose tion even at high molding throughputs is preferably a volumetric Dosage of the premix reached. In the further course of tabletting, the Upper stamp the premix and continues to lower towards the lower stamp. At this compression, the particles of the premix are pressed closer together where at the void volume within the filling between the punches continuously decreases. From a certain position of the upper stamp (and thus from a certain pressure on the premix) begins the plastic deformation, in which the particles flow together and the molded body is formed. Depending on the physi properties of the premix, some of the premix particles are also broken down presses and the premix is sintered at even higher pressures. At increasing press speed, i.e. high throughput, the phase of elasti 's deformation is continuously shortened, so that the resulting molded body more or may have smaller cavities. In the last step of tableting the Finished molded articles are pressed out of the die by the lower punch and through subsequent transport devices transported away. At this point, it's just that Weight of the molded body finally determined, because the compacts due to physical Processes (stretching, crystallographic effects, cooling etc.) their shape and size can still change.

Tableting takes place in commercially available tablet presses, which are basically or double stamps can be equipped. In the latter case, not only the waiter stamp used to build up pressure, also the lower stamp moves during the Pressing process towards the upper punch, while the upper punch presses down. For Small production quantities are preferably used with eccentric tablet presses which the one or more stamps are attached to an eccentric, which in turn on one Axis is mounted with a certain rotational speed. The movement of this Press ram is comparable to the way a conventional four-stroke engine works. The Ver pressing can be done with one upper and one lower stamp, but several can also be used  re stamp on an eccentric disk, the number of die holes gen is expanded accordingly. The throughputs of eccentric presses vary depending on the type from a few hundred to a maximum of 3000 tablets per hour.

For larger throughputs, rotary tablet presses are selected, in which on a so-called called matrix table a larger number of matrices is arranged in a circle. The The number of matrices varies between 6 and 55, depending on the model, with larger matrices also are commercially available. Each die on the die table is a top and bottom stamp assigned, again the pressing pressure active only by the upper or lower stamp, but can also be built up by both stamps. The matrix table and the Stamps move around a common vertical axis, the stamp with the help of rail-like cam tracks during the circulation in the positions for Be filling, compression, plastic deformation and discharge. On the stel len, where a particularly serious raising or lowering the stamp is necessary (filling, compacting, ejecting), these cam tracks are replaced by additional che low-pressure pieces, Nierderzugschienen and lifting tracks supported. The filling The matrix is developed via a rigidly arranged feed device, the so-called Filling shoe, which is connected to a reservoir for the premix. The pressure the pre-mix can be set individually using the press paths for the upper and lower punches bar, the pressure build-up by rolling the punch shaft heads past adjustable ren pressure rollers happens.

Rotary presses can also use two filling shoes to increase throughput hen be, with only one semicircle to manufacture a tablet that must. Several fillers are used to produce two- and multi-layer moldings shoes arranged one behind the other without the slightly pressed first layer in front of the further filling is ejected. By appropriate process control are in this way also coated and dot tablets can be produced, which have an onion-shell-like structure ben, whereby in the case of the point tablets the top of the core or the core layers is not covered and therefore remains visible. Rotary tablet presses are also included Single or multiple tools can be equipped so that, for example, an outer circle with  50 and an inner circle with 35 holes can be used simultaneously for pressing. The throughputs of modern rotary tablet presses are over a million tablets per hour.

Tableting machines suitable for the purposes of the present invention are, for example available from the companies Apparatebau Holzwarth GbR, Asperg, Wilhelm Fette GmbH, Schwarzenbek, Hofer GmbH, Weil, KILIAN, Cologne, KOMAGE, Kell am See, KORSCH Pressen GmbH, Berlin, Mapag Maschinenbau AG, Bern (CH) and Courtoy N.V., Halle (BE / LU). The hydraulic double pressure press HPF, for example, is particularly suitable 630 from LAEIS, D.

The moldings can ge in a predetermined spatial shape and a predetermined size be manufactured. Practically all sensibly manageable designs come as a spatial form tations, for example the training as a blackboard, the bars or bars shape, cubes, cuboids and corresponding room elements with flat side surfaces as well in particular cylindrical configurations with a circular or oval cross cut. This last embodiment covers the presentation form from the tablet to to compact cylinder pieces with a ratio of height to diameter above 1.

The portioned compacts can each be separate individual elements be formed, the predetermined dosage of washing and / or cleaning medium corresponds. However, it is also possible to form compacts that have a plurality connect such mass units in a compact, in particular by vorege bene predetermined breaking points the easy separability of portioned smaller units hen is. For the use of textile detergents in machines of the type common in Europe with horizontally arranged mechanics, the formation of the portioned compacts as Tablets, in the shape of a cylinder or cuboid, with a diameter / height Ratio in the range of about 0.5: 2 to 2: 0.5 is preferred. Commercial hydrau Lik presses, eccentric presses or rotary presses are suitable devices in particular especially for the production of such compacts.  

The spatial shape of another embodiment of the shaped body is in its dimensions the induction chamber of commercial household washing machines adapted so that the Shaped bodies can be metered directly into the induction chamber without a metering aid, where it dissolves during the induction process. Of course, there is also a stake the detergent tablets are easily possible via a dosing aid and within the present invention preferred.

Another preferred shaped body that can be produced has a plate or panel-like structure with alternating thick long and thin short segments, so that individual segments of this "bar" at the predetermined breaking points, the short thin Display segments, can be canceled and entered into the machine. This Principle of the "bar-shaped" shaped body detergent can also be used in other geometric Shapes, for example vertical triangles, only on one side are connected alongside each other, can be realized.

But it is also possible that the various components do not become one Tablet are pressed, but that molded bodies are obtained that have several layers ten, i.e. at least two layers. It is also possible that these ver different layers have different dissolving speeds. From this you can advantageous application properties of the molded articles result. If at for example, components are contained in the moldings, which are mutually nega tiv influence, so it is possible to find a component in the more rapidly soluble layer to integrate and incorporate the other component in a slower soluble layer ten, so that the first component has already reacted when the second goes into solution. The layer structure of the moldings can be stacked, with one solder process of the inner layer (s) at the edges of the molded body already takes place, if the outer layers are not yet completely detached, it can also be one complete coating of the inner layer (s) by the outer layer (s) Layer (s) can be reached, which prevents the premature dissolution of Be components of the inner layer (s).  

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, a molded body consists of at least three layers, ie two outer and at least one inner layer, wherein at least one of the inner layers contains a peroxy bleach, while in the case of the stacked shaped body, the two outer layers and in the case of the shell-shaped one Shaped bodies, however, the outermost layers are free of peroxy bleach. Farther it is also possible to use peroxy bleach and any bleach activators present and / or to separate enzymes spatially from one another in a shaped body. Such more Layered moldings have the advantage that they do not have only one induction chamber or who uses a metering device which is added to the washing liquor that can; rather, in such cases it is also possible to direct the molded body To give contact to the textiles in the machine without staining Bleach and the like would be feared.

Similar effects can also be achieved by coating individual components of the detergent and cleaning agent composition to be pressed, or all of them Reach shaped body. For this purpose, the bodies to be coated can be coated with, for example aqueous solutions or emulsions are sprayed, or via the process of Get a coating on the melt coating.

After pressing, the detergent tablets have a high stability 03645 00070 552 001000280000000200012000285910353400040 0002019903290 00004 03526e. The breaking strength of cylindrical shaped bodies can be determined via the measured variable of the diametrical breaking load. This can be determined according to

Here a stands for diametral fracture stress (DFS) in Pa, P is the force in N which leads to the pressure exerted on the molded body, which is the Breakage of the shaped body causes, D is the shaped body diameter in meters and t is the Height of the molded body.  

Another object of the present invention is the use of surfactant granules, which after mixing with finely divided processing components are known to be pressed into detergent tablets and in which the ratio of alkylbenzenesulfonates to fatty alcohol sulfates in the range of 3: 1 up to 1: 100, to improve the hardness and disintegration time of washing and cleaning medium shaped bodies. By using the surfactants in a defined weight ratio NEN the physical properties of the moldings are improved, such as the following The following examples show:

Examples

By wet granulation in a 130 liter ploughshare mixer from Lödige Various surfactant granules are produced, the contents of alkylbenzenesulfonate and fet talc sulfate varied. Following the granulation, the granules were in a Aeromatic fluidized bed apparatus at a supply air temperature of 60 ° C for 30 minutes dries. After drying, the granules were removed to remove the fines <0.6 mm and coarse particles <1.6 mm sieved.

The surfactant granules E1 to E4 or V were then combined with other components Pressable pre-mix prepared, after which the pressing in a Korsch eccentric press solution to tablets (diameter: 44 mm, height: 22 mm, weight: 37.5 g). The Measured values of the tablet hardness and disintegration times are the mean values of a dop pel determination, whereby the individual values for each molded body type vary by a maximum of 2 N or 2 s ized. The composition of the surfactant granules is shown in Table 1, the composition the premixes to be pressed (and thus the shaped body) are shown in Table 2.

Table 1

Composition of the surfactant granules [% by weight]

Table 2

Composition of the premixes [% by weight]

The hardness of the tablets became after two days of storage by deforming the tablet measured to break, the force acting on the side surfaces of the tablet and the maximum force that the tablet withstood was determined.

To determine tablet disintegration, the tablet was placed in a beaker with water placed (600 ml of water, temperature 30 ° C) and the time until the tablet is completely case measured. The experimental data are shown in Tables 5 and 6:

Table 3

Detergent tablets [physical data]

Table 3 shows that the disintegration times of detergent tablets by the use of ABS and FAS according to the invention in a certain ratio clearly be reduced.

Claims (24)

1. Detergent tablets made of compressed, particulate detergent and cleaning agent, containing builders, alkylbenzenesulfonates, fatty alcohol sulfates and, if appropriate, further surfactants and ingredients of detergents and cleaning agents, characterized in that the ratio of alkylbenzenesulfonates to fatty alcohol sulfates is in the range from 3: 1 to 1: 100. 2. Detergent tablets according to claim 1, characterized in that the ratio of alkylbenzenesulfonates to fatty alcohol sulfates in the range of 2: 1 to 1:75, preferably from 1.5: 1 to 1:50, particularly preferably from 1: 1 to 1:25 and in particular from 1: 2 to 1:10. 3. Detergent tablets according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized characterized in that the content of the shaped body of alkylbenzenesulfonates between 0.5 and 25% by weight. preferably between 0.75 and 20% by weight, particularly preferably between 1 and 15% by weight and in particular between 1.25 and 12.5% by weight, in each case based on the weight of the molded body. 4. Detergent tablets according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized characterized in that the content of fatty alcohol sulfates in the molded body is between 1 and 30% by weight, preferably between 1.5 and 25% by weight, particularly preferably between rule 2 and 20 wt .-% and in particular between 2.5 and 15 wt .-%, each based gene on the molded body weight. 5. Detergent tablets according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that they contain the alkali metal, preferably sodium salts, of C _8-16 , preferably C _9-13 -alkybenzenesulfonic acids, which are derived from alkylbenzenes, which a tetralin content below 5 wt .-%, based on the alkylbenzene, aufwei sen. 6. Detergent tablets according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that they contain the alkali metal, preferably sodium salts, of C _8-22 -, preferably before C _10-20 - and in particular C _12-18 - fatty alkyl sulfuric acids. 7. Detergent tablets according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized characterized in that the moldings the total amount of alkylbenzenesulfonates and Contain fatty alcohol sulfates in the form of a surfactant granulate, which both alkylbenzene contains sulfonates as well as fatty alcohol sulfates. 8. Detergent tablets according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized characterized in that the total content of the shaped bodies of anionic surfactants half of 5% by weight, preferably above 7.5% by weight and in particular above half of 10 wt .-%, each based on the weight of the molded body. 9. Detergent tablets according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized characterized in that the moldings additionally contain nonionic surfactant (s) and the nonionic surfactant content of the moldings is above 2% by weight, preferably above 5% by weight and in particular above 7.5% by weight, each Weil based on the weight of the molded body. 10. Detergent tablets according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized characterized in that they contain the surfactants in the form of a surfactant-containing granulate, that in amounts of 40 to 95 wt .-%, preferably from 45 to 85 wt .-% and in particular Special from 55 to 75 wt .-%, each based on the weight of the molded body, in the Shaped bodies is included. 11. Detergent tablets according to claim 10, characterized in that the surfactant granules surfactant contents from 5 to 60 wt .-%, preferably from 10 to 50 wt .-% and in particular from 15 to 40 wt .-%, each based on the weight of the surfactant granules.   12. Detergent tablets according to one of claims 10 or 11, there characterized in that the content of the surfactant granules of anionic surfactants 5 up to 45% by weight, preferably 10 to 40% by weight and in particular 15 to 35% by weight, each based on the weight of the surfactant granules. 13. Detergent tablets according to one of claims 10 to 12, characterized characterized in that the content of the surfactant granules of nonionic surfactants 1 to 30% by weight, preferably 5 to 25% by weight and in particular 7.5 to 20% by weight, each Weil based on the weight of the surfactant granules. 14. Detergent tablets according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized characterized in that the nonionic surfactants contained in it have a melt point below 40 ° C, preferably below 30 ° C and especially below have half of 20 ° C. 15. Detergent tablets according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized characterized in that they additionally contain a disintegration aid, preferably a Disintegration aids based on cellulose, in amounts of 0.5 to 10% by weight preferably from 3 to 7% by weight and in particular from 4 to 6% by weight, in each case based on the molded body weight. 16. Detergent tablets according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized characterized that they do not have a coating that covers the entire molded body pulls, are coated. 17. Detergent tablets according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized characterized by being completely in water at 30 ° C in less than 60 seconds their secondary particles disintegrate. 18. Process for the production of detergent tablets by Ab mix granules containing tenside with finely divided processing components and  subsequent shaping pressing in a manner known per se, thereby known records that the ratio of alkylbenzenesulfonates to fatty alcohol sulfates in the Be ranges from 3: 1 to 1: 100. 19. The method according to claim 18, characterized in that the ratio of alkyl benzenesulfonates to fatty alcohol sulfates in the range from 2: 1 to 1:75, preferably from 1.5: 1 to 1:50, particularly preferably from 1: 1 to 1:25 and in particular from 1: 2 to 1:10. 20. The method according to any one of claims 18 or 19, characterized in that a ten granules containing sid mixed with finely divided processing components and after is subsequently molded in a manner known per se, the surfactant gra nulate contains both alkyl benzene sulfonates and fatty alcohol sulfates. 21. The method according to claim 20, characterized in that the surfactant-containing granules Total anionic surfactant contents from 5 to 40% by weight, preferably from 10 to 35% by weight and in particular from 15 to 30% by weight, in each case based on the weight of the surfactant granules, wherein the content of the surfactant granules of alkylbenzenesulfonates preferably 1 to 30% by weight, particularly preferably 2 to 25% by weight and in particular re 3 to 20 wt .-%, and the content of the surfactant granules of fatty alcohol sulfates preferably 1 to 35% by weight, particularly preferably 2.5 to 30% by weight and in particular 5 to 25 wt .-%, each based on the weight of the surfactant granules. 22. The method according to claim 20 or 21, characterized in that the surfactant Granules total surfactant contents from 5 to 60 wt .-%, preferably from 10 to 50 % By weight and in particular from 15 to 40% by weight, in each case based on the weight of the Surfactant granules, wherein the content of the surfactant granules of anionic tensi preferably 5 to 45% by weight, particularly preferably 10 to 40% by weight, and in particular special 15 to 35 wt .-%, and the content of the surfactant granules of nonionic ten are preferably 1 to 30% by weight, particularly preferably 5 to 25% by weight, and in particular  Special 7.5 to 20 wt .-%, each based on the weight of the surfactant granules, be wearing. 23. The method according to any one of claims 18 to 22, characterized in that the compressing premix a bulk density of at least 500 g / l, preferably of has at least 600 g / l and in particular above 700 g / l, and furthermore egg One or more substances from the group of disintegration aids, bleaches, Bleach activators, enzymes, pH regulators, fragrances, perfume carriers, fluorescence mit tel, dyes, foam inhibitors, silicone oils, anti-redeposition agents, optical Auf brighter, graying inhibitors, color transfer inhibitors and corrosion inhibitors contains. 24. Use of surfactant-containing granules, which after mixing with finely divided Processing components for washing and cleaning in a manner known per se are molded and in which the ratio of alkylbenzenesulfo naten to fatty alcohol sulfates in the range of 3: 1 to 1: 100, to improve the Hardness and disintegration time of detergent tablets.