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DE19859732A1 - Data transmission between photovoltaic system and central station involves passing data via network line in alternation with energy produced by solar module under computer control - Google Patents

Data transmission between photovoltaic system and central station involves passing data via network line in alternation with energy produced by solar module under computer control

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Publication number
DE19859732A1
DE19859732A1 DE19859732A DE19859732A DE19859732A1 DE 19859732 A1 DE19859732 A1 DE 19859732A1 DE 19859732 A DE19859732 A DE 19859732A DE 19859732 A DE19859732 A DE 19859732A DE 19859732 A1 DE19859732 A1 DE 19859732A1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
solar module
photovoltaic system
data
data transmission
alternation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
DE19859732A
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Ulrich Schlienz
Hans Rolka
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABAC ELEKTRONISCHE KOMMUNIKATI
Original Assignee
ABAC ELEKTRONISCHE KOMMUNIKATI
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ABAC ELEKTRONISCHE KOMMUNIKATI filed Critical ABAC ELEKTRONISCHE KOMMUNIKATI
Priority to DE19859732A priority Critical patent/DE19859732A1/en
Publication of DE19859732A1 publication Critical patent/DE19859732A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H02J13/1311
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04SSYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S40/00Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them
    • Y04S40/12Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment
    • Y04S40/121Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment using the power network as support for the transmission

Landscapes

  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The method involves passing the data via a network line (3) between at least one solar module (1) and the central station (4) in alternation with the energy produced by the solar module. The alternation between power and data transmission is controlled by a computer. An Independent claim is also included for a photovoltaic system.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Datenübertragung zwi­ schen einer Photovoltaikanlage mit mindestens einem Solarmodul und einer Zentrale.The invention relates to a method for data transmission between a photovoltaic system with at least one solar module and a headquarters.

Bei modernen Photovoltaikanlagen, die sich in der Regel aus einer Vielzahl von Solarmodulen zusammensetzen, sind die Solarmodule bereits mit einem Wechselrichter ausgestattet und über Wechselstrom-Netzkabel sowohl untereinander als auch mit einer Zentrale verbunden, die die erzeugte Energie in das öffentliche Stromnetz einspeist. Insbesondere bei großen Photovoltaikanlagen ist es wünschenswert, den Betriebszustand der einzelnen Solarmodule überwachen zu können. Gerade bei Ausfall eines Moduls ist es für eine rationelle Reparatur der Anlage notwendig, möglichst rasch das ausgefallene Modul loka­ lisieren zu können. In modern photovoltaic systems, which are usually made up of a large number of solar modules are the Solar modules already equipped with an inverter and via AC power cord both with each other and with connected to a central, which the generated energy in the feeds into the public grid. Especially with large ones Photovoltaic systems, it is desirable to the operating state to be able to monitor the individual solar modules. Especially with Failure of a module is there for an efficient repair of the System necessary, the failed module loka as soon as possible to be able to.  

Bisher sind zwei Verfahren zur Diagnose des Betriebszustandes von Solarmodulen von Photovoltaikanlagen bekannt. Beim ersten Verfahren wird mit zusätzlichen Leitern in den Verbindungs­ kabeln zwischen den Solarmodulen und der Zentrale ein Bus- System aufgebaut, in dem eine Datenübertragung zwischen der Zentrale und den einzelnen Solarmodulen realisiert wird. Beim zweiten Verfahren wird auf das Netzsignal ein hochfrequentes Signal mit den zu Diagnosezwecken zu übertragenden Daten zwi­ schen der Zentrale und den einzelnen Solarmodulen aufmodu­ liert. Beide Verfahren haben jedoch Nachteile. Beim ersten Verfahren ist ein zusätzlicher Verkabelungsaufwand notwendig, wodurch die Photovoltaikanlage in ihrer Herstellung verteuert wird. Auch das zweite Verfahren ist in der Realisierung rela­ tiv aufwendig, da für die Modulation des Netzsignals sowohl an den Modulen als auch in der Zentrale weitere elektronische Komponenten zur Modulation und Demodulation vorgesehen werden müssen.So far there are two methods for diagnosing the operating status known from solar modules of photovoltaic systems. At the first Procedure is with additional conductors in the connection wire a bus between the solar modules and the control center System built in which a data transfer between the Central and the individual solar modules is realized. At the second method is a high-frequency on the network signal Signal with the data to be transmitted for diagnostic purposes between modules and the individual solar modules liert. However, both methods have disadvantages. At the first Additional cabling is necessary which makes the photovoltaic system more expensive to manufacture becomes. The second method is also being implemented tivly complex, because for the modulation of the network signal in the modules as well as in the head office further electronic Components for modulation and demodulation are provided have to.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Möglichkeit zur Diagnose des Betriebszustandes der einzelnen Solarmodule einer Photovoltaikanlage zu schaffen, die preis­ günstig zu verwirklichen ist.The present invention has for its object a Possibility to diagnose the operating status of the individual To create solar panels of a photovoltaic system, the price is cheap to implement.

Die Aufgabe wird mit einem Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, dass die Daten über eine Netzleitung zwischen dem mindestens einen Solarmodul und der Zentrale im Wechsel mit der von dem mindestens einen Solarmo­ dul erzeugten Energie übertragen werden. Nach diesem Verfahren werden die Energie und die Dateninformationen über dieselbe Leitung im Zeitmultiplexverfahren übertragen. Ein zusätzlicher Verkabelungsaufwand ist zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens also nicht erforderlich. Außerdem weisen die Solarmodule mit integriertem Wechselrichter bereits Einrichtungen zur Impuls­ erkennung für die Netzfrequenzmessung auf, die für die Daten­ übertragung mitbenutzt werden können. Zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens müssen also die Solarmodule nicht verändert werden. Das Verfahren lässt sich damit ohne großen zusätzlichen Hardware-Aufwand realisieren und kann auch nach­ träglich bei bereits bestehenden Photovoltaikanlagen verwirk­ licht werden.The task is carried out using a method of the type mentioned at the beginning Art solved according to the invention in that the data on a Power line between the at least one solar module and the Head office alternating with that of the at least one solar car dul generated energy are transmitted. According to this procedure the energy and the data information about it Time division multiplex transmission. An additional one Cabling effort is required to perform this procedure so not necessary. In addition, the solar modules have integrated inverter already devices for impulse Detection for the network frequency measurement on that for the data transmission can be shared. To carry out the  The method according to the invention therefore does not have to be the solar modules to be changed. The process can be done without much realize additional hardware effort and can also after implemented sluggishly with existing photovoltaic systems become light.

Zweckmäßigerweise kann der Wechsel zwischen der Energieüber­ tragung und der Datenübertragung durch einen Rechner gesteuert werden. Da die zu übertragenden Datenmengen relativ gering sind, reicht eine ein- bis zweisekundige Unterbrechung der Energieübertragung vom Solarmodul zur Zentrale für die Daten­ übertragung vollständig aus.Conveniently, the change between the energy over transmission and data transmission controlled by a computer become. Because the amount of data to be transferred is relatively small a one- to two-second interruption of the Energy transfer from the solar module to the control center for the data transfer completely from.

Insbesondere bei Photovoltaikanlagen mit einer großen Zahl von Solarmodulen können Daten über den Betriebszustand des minde­ stens einen Solarmoduls zur Zentrale übertragen werden, nach­ dem von der Zentrale eine entsprechende Adresskennung an das mindestens eine Solarmodul übertragen wurde. Dadurch ist ge­ währleistet, dass die übermittelten Betriebsdaten genau einem bestimmten Modul zugeordnet werden können. Bei Ausfall eines Moduls ist dieses rasch zu lokalisieren. Vorzugsweise können die Betriebszustandsdaten vom Rechner ausgewertet werden, der außer den Daten zweckmäßigerweise auch gleich den Einbauort des Moduls anzeigen kann.Especially for photovoltaic systems with a large number of Solar modules can provide data on the operating status of the min at least one solar module can be transferred to the control center after a corresponding address identifier from the head office to the at least one solar module was transferred. This is ge ensures that the transmitted operating data exactly one can be assigned to a specific module. If one fails Module can be located quickly. Preferably can the operating status data are evaluated by the computer, the In addition to the data, the installation location is also expedient of the module can display.

Die Erfindung betrifft außerdem eine Photovoltaikanlage, ins­ besondere zur Durchführung eines erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens, mit mindestens einem Solarmodul, das über eine Netzleitung mit einer Zentrale verbunden ist, die eine Schaltvorrichtung zur Unterbrechung der Energieübertragung und eine Einrichtung zur Einspeisung und zum Empfang von Daten in die Netzleitung auf­ weist. Die Zentrale kann zudem einen Rechner aufweisen oder mit einer Rechnerschnittstelle, an die ein externer Rechner anschließbar ist, ausgestattet sein. Das mindestens eine Solarmodul kann in an sich bekannter Weise einen Wechselrich­ ter und eine Einrichtung zum Empfang und Senden von Daten über die Netzleitung aufweisen. Bei Photovoltaikanlagen mit mehre­ ren Solarmodulen ist es außerdem zweckmäßig, daß in die Ein­ richtung zum Empfang und Senden von Daten eine Adresskennung des Solarmoduls einprogrammierbar oder bei der Fertigung fest einspeicherbar ist. Durch die Zuordnung einer bestimmten Adresskennung zu einem bestimmten Solarmodul können die über­ mittelten Betriebsdaten eindeutig zugeordnet werden.The invention also relates to a photovoltaic system, ins particular for carrying out a method according to the invention, with at least one solar module that is connected via a mains cable a control center is connected, which is a switching device for Interruption of energy transmission and a facility for Feeding and for receiving data in the power line points. The center can also have a computer or with a computer interface to which an external computer can be connected. That at least one The solar module can be an inverter in a manner known per se  ter and a device for receiving and sending data via have the power cord. For photovoltaic systems with more than one Ren solar modules, it is also appropriate that in the one direction for receiving and sending data an address identifier of the solar module programmable or fixed during production is storable. By assigning a specific Address identification for a particular solar module can be done via average operating data can be clearly assigned.

Nachfolgend wird ein bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Photovoltaikanlage sowie das erfindungsgemä­ ße Verfahren anhand des beigefügten Blockschaltbildes näher erläutert.Below is a preferred embodiment of one photovoltaic system according to the invention and the inventive procedure using the attached block diagram explained.

Es sind beispielhaft drei Solarmodule 1 mit integrierten Wech­ selrichtern 2 dargestellt, die über eine Wechselstromleitung parallel geschaltet und an eine Zentrale 4 angeschlossen sind. Die Zentrale 4 befindet sich beispielsweise im Zählerkasten eines Gebäudes und weist einen Schalter 7 sowie eine Rechner­ schnittstelle 6 auf. Weitere, hier nicht dargestellte Kompo­ nenten der Zentrale 4 sind beispielsweise ein Stromzähler zur Einspeisevergütung und eine Netzüberwachung. Im Normalbetrieb speist die Zentrale 4 den von den Solarmodulen 1 gelieferten elektrischen Strom in ein öffentliches Netz 5 ein. Wird nun eine Diagnose der Betriebszustände der einzelnen Module 1 ge­ wünscht, so wird über die Rechnerschnittstelle 6 von einem externen Rechner aus der Schalter 7 angesteuert, wodurch die Einspeisung ins Netz unterbrochen wird. Alle Solarmodule 1 weisen standardmäßig eine Netzausfallerkennung auf und schal­ ten nach Umlegen des Schalters 7 den Energiefluss ab. Durch Umlegen des Schalters 7 wird die Netzleitung 3 mit dem exter­ nen Rechner verbunden, sodass von dem Rechner Modulidentifika­ tionsdaten auf die gleichzeitig als Informationsbus wirkende Netzleitung 3 geleitet werden können. Die Modulidentifika­ tionsdaten werden an alle Wechselrichter 2 der Solarmodule 1 geleitet. In jedem Wechselrichter 2 ist jedoch eine eigene Adresse einprogrammiert oder fest eingespeichert, sodass nur das Modul 1 auf die Modulidentifikationsdaten antwortet, des­ sen Adresse diesen Identifikationsdaten entspricht. Hat ein Solarmodul 1 seine Adresse detektiert, antwortet es durch Senden seiner Kennung und seiner Betriebsparameter. Somit lassen sich an der Zentrale 4 alle Betriebsparameter der Solarmodule 1 abfragen und die korrekte Arbeitsweise aller Module 1 überprüfen.Three solar modules 1 with integrated alternating inverters 2 are shown by way of example, which are connected in parallel via an alternating current line and connected to a control center 4 . The control center 4 is located, for example, in the meter box of a building and has a switch 7 and a computer interface 6 . Other components of the control center 4 , not shown here, are, for example, an electricity meter for feed-in tariffs and network monitoring. In normal operation, the control center 4 feeds the electrical current supplied by the solar modules 1 into a public network 5 . If a diagnosis of the operating states of the individual modules 1 is now desired, the switch 7 is actuated via the computer interface 6 by an external computer, as a result of which the feed into the network is interrupted. All solar modules 1 have a power failure detection as standard and switch the energy flow off after the switch 7 has been flipped. By flipping the switch 7 , the power line 3 is connected to the external computer, so that module identification data can be passed from the computer to the power line 3 , which also acts as an information bus. The module identification data are sent to all inverters 2 of the solar modules 1 . However, each inverter 2 has its own address programmed or permanently stored, so that only module 1 responds to the module identification data, the address of which corresponds to this identification data. If a solar module 1 has detected its address, it responds by sending its identifier and its operating parameters. Thus, all operating parameters of the solar modules 1 can be queried at the control center 4 and the correct functioning of all modules 1 can be checked.

Nach erfolgter Datenübertragung schaltet die Zentrale 4 mit dem Schalter 7 wieder auf Netzbetrieb um. Die Solarmodule 1 erkennen die Netzspannung selbständig und schalten daraufhin den Energiefluss wieder ein.After data transmission, the control center 4 switches back to mains operation with the switch 7 . The solar modules 1 automatically detect the mains voltage and then switch on the energy flow again.

Je nach Art der Codierung der Datenübertragung zwischen der Zentrale 4 und den Solarmodulen 1 sind nur ein oder zwei Sekunden Stromunterbrechung nötig, um ein ganzes Solarfeld mit beispielsweise vierzig Solarmodulen auf seinen Betriebszustand abzufragen.Depending on the type of coding of the data transmission between the control center 4 and the solar modules 1 , a power interruption of only one or two seconds is necessary in order to query an operating state of an entire solar field with, for example, forty solar modules.

Claims (9)

1. Verfahren zur Datenübertragung zwischen einer Photovol­ taikanlage mit mindestens einem Solarmodul (1) und einer Zentrale (4), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Daten über eine Netzleitung (3) zwischen dem mindestens einen Solar­ modul (1) und der Zentrale (4) im Wechsel mit der von dem mindestens einen Solarmodul (1) erzeugten Energie über­ tragen werden.1. A method for data transmission between a photovoltaic system with at least one solar module ( 1 ) and a control center ( 4 ), characterized in that the data via a power line ( 3 ) between the at least one solar module ( 1 ) and the control center ( 4 ) alternately with the energy generated by the at least one solar module ( 1 ). 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Wechsel zwischen der Energieübertragung und der Daten­ übertragung durch einen Rechner gesteuert wird.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the change between energy transfer and data transmission is controlled by a computer. 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Daten über den Betriebszustand des mindestens einen Solarmoduls (1) zur Zentrale (4) übertragen werden, nach­ dem von der Zentrale (4) an das mindestens eine Solarmo­ dul (1) eine entsprechende Adresskennung übertragen wurde.3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that data about the operating state of the at least one solar module ( 1 ) are transmitted to the control center ( 4 ), according to which from the control center ( 4 ) to the at least one solar module ( 1 ) corresponding address identifier was transmitted. 4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2 und 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Betriebszustandsdaten vom Rechner ausgewertet werden.4. The method according to claim 2 and 3, characterized in that the operating status data is evaluated by the computer become. 5. Photovoltaikanlage, insbesondere zur Durchführung eines Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, mit minde­ stens einem Solarmodul (1), das über eine Netzleitung (3) mit einer Zentrale (4) verbunden ist, die eine Schaltvor­ richtung (7) zur Unterbrechung der Energieübertragung und eine Einrichtung zur Einspeisung und zum Empfang von Daten auf der Netzleitung (3) aufweist. 5. photovoltaic system, in particular for performing a method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, with at least at least one solar module ( 1 ) which is connected via a power line ( 3 ) to a center ( 4 ) which a Schaltvor direction ( 7 ) Interruption of the energy transmission and a device for feeding and receiving data on the power line ( 3 ). 6. Photovoltaikanlage nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeich­ net, dass die Zentrale (4) einen Rechner aufweist.6. Photovoltaic system according to claim 5, characterized in that the center ( 4 ) has a computer. 7. Photovoltaikanlage nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeich­ net, dass die Zentrale (4) eine Rechnerschnittstelle (6) aufweist.7. Photovoltaic system according to claim 5, characterized in that the center ( 4 ) has a computer interface ( 6 ). 8. Photovoltaikanlage nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 7, da­ durch gekennzeichnet, dass das mindestens eine Solarmo­ dul (1) einen Wechselrichter (2) und eine Einrichtung zum Empfang und Senden von Daten über die Netzleitung (3) aufweist.8. Photovoltaic system according to one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that the at least one solar module ( 1 ) has an inverter ( 2 ) and a device for receiving and transmitting data via the power line ( 3 ). 9. Photovoltaikanlage nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeich­ net, dass in die Einrichtung zum Empfang und Senden von Daten eine Adresskennung des Solarmoduls (1) einprogram­ mierbar oder bei der Fertigung fest einspeicherbar ist.9. Photovoltaic system according to claim 8, characterized in that an address identifier of the solar module ( 1 ) can be programmed into the device for receiving and transmitting data or can be permanently stored during manufacture.
DE19859732A 1998-12-23 1998-12-23 Data transmission between photovoltaic system and central station involves passing data via network line in alternation with energy produced by solar module under computer control Withdrawn DE19859732A1 (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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