DE19820326A1 - Method of acquiring photographic, film and video images of objects and surfaces and printing on surfaces to reproduce a spatial view - Google Patents

Abstract

The method involves dividing images consisting of optically detectable data into parts and recombining them for reproduction so that the acquired and reproduced objects and distances can be viewed with their spatial characteristics via an optical device placed close to the image surface from remote observation regions that are favourable for the presented image width. The spatial characteristics are detected and processed using television or video techniques, film, graphics and computer techniques, etc.- DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for an arrangement for implementing the method

Description

The state of the art

1. The invention described here is reminiscent of some older and generally known methods and devices that made it possible to see three-dimensional objects depicted on surfaces.
1.1. First, the stereoscope: Two photos of the same image objects, usually taken simultaneously by stereo cameras with two lenses that are spaced approximately side by side, stuck side by side on a cardboard strip, were placed in a box - the stereoscope - open for lighting the photos. A partition between the two magnifying eyepieces of the stereoscope released only one of the photos in front of each viewer's eye. The resulting adjustment of the viewer's eyes led to the detailed identification of both photos in his brain, the horizontal differences of which, above all, evoke the spatial image as an image without the need for special effort or further manipulation. Only one observer could view stereo photos or appropriately drawn images as a spatial impression using a stereoscope (for stereoscopes and polarization of light, see Lueger Lexicon of Technology, specialist volumes on precision engineering, edited by Alfred Kuhlenkamp, Rowohlt Taschenbuch Verlag GmbH, Reinbek near Hamburg , 1972, pp. 742, 787-790, 837, 1009-1011).
1.2. The search for a method that enables many viewers to be able to offer spatial viewing of images displayed on a surface at the same time remains bound to the requirement that each eye sees only the image assigned to it. Partitions as in 1.1.) Cannot be used here. It is a bit exhausting, sometimes time-consuming and not for everyone to bring two pictures side by side to cover by deliberately squinting in order to see their spatial depth. For example, the red-green process was invented, in which a (monochrome) red and a (monochrome) green image were displayed within the same area. In order to combine the two into a single spatial image impression, each viewer had to wear color filter glasses with a red film for one eye and a green film for the other eye. The red film made the red picture practically invisible, the green picture black, the green film made the green picture invisible and the red picture black. It was a bit annoying, however, that bright areas remained green for one eye and red for the other, which could not simply be hidden by the brain and thus "forgotten". But each eye could see its picture with it, and both eyes could compose what was left for them relatively easily into spatial representations. However, this procedure had to remain more or less a playful gimmick. It could not offer multicolored representations in the usual sense.
1.3. If instead of color filters polarization ages are used, which allow the light for the image projection for each eye to vibrate in one direction only, for the left eye approximately vertically or obliquely, for the right eye then horizontally or obliquely, the reproduction of colored images is possible. However, every viewer must wear polarized glasses that separate the "mixed images" from the projection screen for the eyes so that they can be connected in his brain to create a spatial impression. We should remember - so-called - 3D films, which made fascinating spatial experiences possible (for stereoscopes and polarization of light, see Lueger Lexicon of Technology, specialist books on precision engineering, edited by Alfred Kuhlenkamp, Rowohlt Taschenbuch Verlag GmbH, Reinbek near Hamburg, 1972, p. 742, 787-790, 837, 1009-1011) - now with optimized 3D glasses in IMAX cinemas.
1.4. Today, in the age of computers, 3D glasses are offered that technically use a different principle: alternately opening and closing the glasses creates a different image for the right and left eye. The changeover takes place synchronously with the image change for left and right at such a high speed that the eyes perceive only one image (Zschr. PC Praxis 7/97, publisher: DATA BECKER GmbH & Co. KG, Merowingerstrasse 30, 40223 Düsseldorf; article, page 38: 3D SPEX, provider: World of Innovation, Essen, Info-Tel. 0202/590853).
1.5. Also worth mentioning is a kind of prank postcard that was offered a few decades ago because of its technical design. They could show pictures that suddenly changed when viewed from different directions. For example, a face that was shown was pointing left or right, or the mouth suddenly opened and the tongue was stuck out.
Such effects were probably achieved by a special embossing of the surface layer. In a simplified manner, these articles show similarities to one of the described embodiments of the invention.

2. Despite the sometimes surprising increase in the image effect, there were shortcomings that restricted the prolonged spread of the described processes:

• - Stereoscopes are only suitable for one viewer at a time.
• - Additional glasses for viewing spatial images or films contribute to this will soon feel uncomfortable, especially for people who are anyway already have to wear glasses.
• - The polarization glasses are today - with a few interesting exceptions - hardly used anymore. Large image projection, deliberately chosen focus the film cameras on the currently important image objects, use so-called color, lighting or aerial perspective and escape lines the clever arrangement of loudspeakers for spatial sound creates apparent ones Spatial experiences, intensified by those that are almost always caused by the picture Movements of the head and eyes to focus on the focus of the stimulus. How this experience would only be strong if a real spatial impression were added!
• - Aids, i.e. special tools for viewing, which the viewer uses and must operate to the spatial properties of pictures Seeing objects and distances complicate the illusion as if he were doing this immediately experienced.
• - Joke articles after 1.5. were suitable for short viewing distances at mostly narrow viewing angle. Since they are not for larger formats, wider angles and further viewing distances were conceived, the big one remained to them Closed poster advertising market.  
• - The at 1.1. until 1.3. The methods and devices mentioned almost aimed exclusively, partly also those at 1.4. and 1.5. referred to an experience of Spatial properties from reproduced images, such as by viewing with both eyes from a stationary location is possible. This is just one if very important, of indirect approaches to grasping Spatial properties of depicted objects and distances.

3. Some aspects of capturing spatial properties: To be able to see something is a very strong need, and not just for people. You want to see what you see. One would like to be able to enjoy colors and shapes. You want to be able to avoid recognized dangers in good time. You want to grasp relationships. You want to be able to draw conclusions from what you see, conclusions about what preceded what you can now see and what might be expected afterwards. How often do you want to be "right in the middle" of what you can still see by far? Maybe you want to know more about what you see, want to react, maybe even be able to help shape it through intensive experience.
In addition to "seeing itself", this requires at least an "immediate" experience of the spatial properties, movements and changes in what is being seen. Because we live in space and time.
This view of the experience of space should be deepened once again: The spatial properties are recorded primarily through movement, i.e. when the locations of the things observed and / or the location of the observer change. The time dimension helps to develop depth, distances and spatial assignments. Movements can take many directions and at different, often changing speeds. In contrast, stereoscopic vision only takes place in one, usually the horizontal plane. The brain of the observer allows us to understand the depth of space in relation to the observer by means of stored movement experiences, which can be deduced from the differences in the images in the left and in the right eye - one could also say: calculated. Experiencing space through movement, especially through one's own movement, is more than just stereoscopic seeing of space.
This strong need to be able to experience, recognize and actively encounter what is and what is going on explains the wide spread of image recording and reproduction techniques such as photography, film, television, which until now have remained almost exclusively MONO techniques. Their technical development must therefore lead to recording and reproduction processes which, above all, allow the spatial properties of what is shown to be "as immediate" and as actively as possible.

4. The technical problem, briefly summarized, therefore means:
4.1. The reproduction of spatially recorded or otherwise generated images for spatial detection should be such that they can be viewed spatially by more than one viewer at the same time.
4.2. The viewer should not have to wear glasses that are necessary for the spatial detection.
4.3. The technique of reproducing such images must ensure that each eye of a viewer can receive his particular image assigned to him for spatial vision with as little interference as possible.
4.4. As far as possible and sensible, active spatial experience should also be made possible by the viewer's own movement for spatial viewing of reproduced images.
4.5. The technical complexity of the process should remain so simple and inexpensive that it is accepted by producers and users.
4.6. The method should also allow the playback of previously common MONO images.

5. The technical solution to this task requires
5.1. that the images for both eyes, although separate, are to be accommodated in the area frame for one image. Each eye of each viewer sees his assigned picture in the same area frame.
5.2. Since no glasses for different color channels or different polarized light or for alternating opening of the two glasses are to be used, but the reproduced images must still remain separate so that the spatial effect can be created in the brain by looking and identifying their parts, these images must be on the display surface how combs are shown closely interlocked. Because of the given surface frame, this is only possible by compressing each of the adjacent image parts in the surface. In this way, two or more images assigned to one another for spatial viewing or other purposes can be reproduced on the surface of a single film, video, slide, photo paper or printed image with the required precision of the display, the overall information being retained for each image . For example, only a single display device is required for projected spatial images.
5.2.1. This method also enables more than two images to be connected for a spatial representation. Similar to holograms on the left or right and / or above and below and below, you can see something behind the depicted objects or look into cavities. Space can also be experienced through one's own activity (literature on holography: see Lueger Lexicon of Technology, specialist volume precision engineering, edited by Alfred Kuhlenkamp, Rowohlt Taschenbuch Verlag GmbH, Reinbek near Hamburg, 1972, pages 445-446).
5.2.2. The separation of the images means that the parts of the image, which are only intended for a right eye, for example, should not be visible to a left eye. For the left eye, this fade out applies vice versa.
5.2.3. The compression of the parts of the picture that can be seen by one eye must be relaxed again by enlargement so that there are no gaps between them, so that they combine for the eye to form a closed picture in its original proportions. This applies to the image parts that are assigned to the right eye as well as to the image parts that are intended for the left eye.
5.3. For this purpose, instead of glasses, a device is required which both fades out and re-enlarges and merges the compressed parts of the image, alternately simultaneously for the right and left eye of each viewer.
For this purpose, the size and arrangement of the parts of the device must be matched to the pattern of the image parts arranged side by side and, if appropriate, also one above the other.
5.4. This requirement is met by an optical, so-called magnifying glass filter disk, which is attached as a disk or as an embossed plastic film (see 6.4.) With a suitable spacing of the surface that is optically effective as a magnifying glass pattern in front of the merged double or multiple image. It can therefore also be called a 3D disk or, if necessary, a 3D film.
5.5. From the optically necessary dimensional relationships, which can be deduced by seeing the reproduced images through the magnifying glass filter pane, observation positions and distances for the viewer result, which are cheap and less favorable. These differences largely correspond to the spatial vision of real objects, which clearly distinguishes their strong spatial effect in the vicinity from a smaller spatial effect at a greater distance.
5.6. The magnifying glass filter disk or 3D disk or 3D film, like the pattern of the planar arrangement of the image parts, requires fine structuring and precise compliance with the specified dimensions, but can be produced inexpensively using casting or pressing processes. The finer the structuring, the less disturbing the edge blurring!
5.7. So that spatially perceptible images can be created, cameras have to reproduce roughly the same thing that a viewer's eyes do when they see real objects: they focus on the objects from different locations, select points of view and position themselves at a distance of the items located there. The so-called image motifs are thus best understood through movements (see 5.2.1.), Usually with additional movements of the head or the whole body. In this way, pages and parts of the picture objects come into view that only when viewed from the front did not or hardly remained visible. So-called driving shots are used for filming.
5.8. The merging and compacting of the images on the respective imaging surface for a single image, as described above, which therefore also contains a larger amount of data, is best done by a computer, the 3D photo program of which uses a pattern (to be agreed by producers). This pattern specifies essential proportions, including the image resolution, which must be matched to the resolution of televisions and computer monitors. If there are more than two recordings for a spatial image, image strips or transitions can be calculated by interpolation instead of actual recordings between two images that are actually to be recorded, as will be explained and explained in more detail below. In view of the frequencies of the transmitters, a switch to digital image transmission should be expected for the image transmission. Examples of patterns and associated magnifying glass filter disks are described in more detail at 7.

6. The steps mentioned in step 5 to solve the problem allow several embodiments of the invention:
6.1. The particular suitability of the method described in the present patent application applies to projection on screens, be it for television, be it for work with computer flat screens or computer monitors including scientific special areas for research and for applications such as medical technology, spatial representation of microscopic objects , Measurement and calculation of spatial shapes via optical detection, etc.
6.2. Although the method of the present patent application can also be used for the projection onto projection screens for slides, films and videos, it requires technical devices tailored to it, which meet the required technical precision for the intended image size. As long as large flat screens are not available, a video projector or a slide or film projector is sufficient for rear projection onto transparent screens. For projection from the front onto non-transparent screens, a projector combination working as a unit or a projector with two lenses is required. This is necessary because the projection light complies with 5.3. and 5.4. The magnifying glass filter mentioned happens twice: first on the way from the projection lenses to the projection screen, then from the projection screen back to the viewer of the images. The magnifying glass ribs (see FIGS . 2 and 3) reduce the projected image strips onto the screen, enlarge and separate them again on the way to the viewer for his left and right eyes.
The difficulty of projecting two or more separate images from different projectors simultaneously and so closely interlocked onto a single screen, as required by the method of this application, can be avoided if only one image is projected at a time, which already shows the separately taken images contains one another, as shown below in the description of the technical solution. For this purpose, an additional device must be installed in the projector, which separates the interlaced images so that they can be projected via separate lenses. This can be achieved by an optical device for slide and film projectors, and an electronic device for video projectors.
The magnifying glass filter disk can be stretched as an image-enlarging film optically by means of embossed grooves at a distance of, for example, a few centimeters from the screen. As for listening to stereo sound, there are particularly suitable and less suitable places for seeing spatial images projected in this way. However, the viewer does not have to wear glasses separating the individual images for his spatial view of the images.
6.3. The fine image resolution for photos and prints accordingly allows a very fine resolution of the patterns for the interlacing of image sections from different images and the matching magnifying glass filter discs. These can therefore be made from foils with an embossed fine magnifying glass or groove pattern, with which photo enlargements and prints from two or more interlaced images are covered with a perfect fit for room-covering viewing from favorable viewer locations.
6.4. Photographic enlargements and printed images after 6.3. allow a few more special forms: if instead of images taken from neighboring locations at the same time, one after the other, images taken in succession can also be perceived from a still image by moving the head slightly, for example, short movements forwards and backwards, such as the trembling of a flower in the wind, the flap of a butterfly's wing , a flickering color of his wings, a smile flitting across a face, an expected or unexpected transformation, a short sequence of images, a sequence of words presented in writing, an assignment of words and images for learning or advertising purposes or a change from simple tasks and their solutions, etc. Still images can be projected - see 6.1. and 6.2. - or materialized on a surface, printed or as photos, as long as they are viewed through a magnifying glass filter disc - as mentioned above. This can be designed as an embossed film covering for photos or printed images, which is also the case with larger formats, e.g. B. is possible with murals or posters.

7. How the above-mentioned predefined patterns for joining together small parts of the image and for the magnifying glass filter disc matched to them (see 5.4. To 5.6.), What they achieve and to what extent they can be regarded as suitable aids for spatial vision will be described in more detail below being represented.
7.1. Starting from the simplest example according to FIG. 1, further designs are developed up to FIG. 8 and, using the colored examples FIGS. 9 to 12, are shown - albeit schematically simplified - how reproductions of spatial images can look in practice. In this way it should be understandable how patterns for the arrangement of the small, compressed parts of the image and for the magnifying glass filter or 3D disc placed in front of them, with the appropriate design, reproduce both MONO images and simple STEREO images from two images and ACTIVE space representations or SUPERSTEREO -Image images from more than two images.
7.2. This also applies to the sequences of images mentioned for still images and the representation of simple movements that the viewer can see when he moves his head back and forth. In the case of films, several of these options can even be combined. All of this can be done by computer programs used for this purpose, which, as already mentioned, calculate the intended intermeshing of the image parts and the whole images into image sequences during or after the recording, their storage and the corresponding image transmission and reproduction.
7.3. The predefined patterns to be agreed above all determine the effect of the images in relation to the detection of spatial properties of depicted objects and spaces.
7.3.1. Just looking at two completely identical pictures can give rise to the illusion of a more precise recognition of what is shown in an apparent, albeit in the same spatial depth. The pattern required for this would consist of the horizontal sequence of vertical alternating, condensed and equally wide strips a and b ( FIG. 1), both of which contained the same parts of the image broken down into these strips either directly next to one another or always at the same skip distance. However, what can be seen remains a good MONO picture.

Fig. 1

The schematic drawing shows the parts of the two (here identical) pictures a and b interlocked as strips. The stripes are many times narrower in the real pattern, and their number is correspondingly larger.
The magnifying glass filter disc, which is matched to this distribution pattern for two - in this case identical - images, is characterized in its optically effective area by closely spaced vertical ribs, which are designed like rod-shaped reading magnifiers ( Fig. 2) with an approximately semicircular cross-section, and which are horizontal because of the different viewing angles to the left and to the right edge of the image, with the exception of a very small difference, are exactly twice as wide as a condensed image strip of each of the two images. Seen through the rib-shaped magnifying glasses, the compressed image strips appear again in their original width from the image (see 5.2.3.). To do this, the image strips intended for the other eye are hidden.

Fig. 2

The schematically simplified drawing shows the reading magnifiers comparable ribs over two image strips.
7.3.2. The same pattern for image division and magnifying glass filter is suitable for the reproduction of simple STEREO images. The only difference is that the stripes labeled a contain the parts of the image intended for the left eye, the stripes labeled b contain the parts of the image intended for the right eye, with b starting from the viewpoint to the left of the assigned a, b1 corresponding to the left of the assigned a1, etc. (see Figs. 1 and 3).

Fig. 3

The distance of the viewer or viewers from the screen is shown here in a greatly shortened form. The illustration shows how the horizontally condensed strips of the image intended for the left eye and the right eye for the right eye are sorted by the magnifying glass filter disk and enlarged again to their original width. In reality, these stripes are very narrow, as are the triangles that are to be thought of on the image stripes from the distance between the eyes and the distance to the observed object point.
7.3.3. Because the images necessary for stereoscopic vision have to be accommodated on the surface for one image (see 5.2.), Their parts have to be shown compressed (= compressed, compressed). For example, you can compress their image strips to half their width. However, if you compress it, for example, to a third or a quarter of its original width or even narrower and the associated magnifying glass filter is designed accordingly, three or four or even more images can be accommodated on the image area of the same size ( FIG. 4). This makes it possible, for example, by using more than two recording cameras, to capture a space similar to that of holograms (literature on holography: see Lueger Lexicon of Technology, specialist volumes on precision engineering, edited by Alfred Kuhlenkamp, Rowohlt Taschenbuch Verlag GmbH, Reinbek near Hamburg, 1972, pages 445-446) (see 5.2.1.): By moving your head you can see something behind the things shown or even in pages or cavities that are initially invisible. Such images are referred to here as SUPERSTEREO images or as an ACTIVE spatial representation.

Fig. 4

In contrast to the representations of FIGS. 1 and Fig. 3 are accommodated in the space for a respective image strip here three horizontally compressed to one-sixth of its original width image strips of three for the left eye and three specific for the right eye images. The corresponding magnifying glass filter disk must enlarge each of these image strips horizontally six times. For the arrangement of the image strips for the left and for the right eye, the representation contains the options (1) and (2, without index numbers).
7.3.4. Being able to accommodate more than two images on the surface of one image, as described, also allows the use of images that are different in terms of time or content (see 6.4. And 7.2.) To be further expanded into image sequences.
7.3.5. What was shown here for patterns with vertical image strips and matched magnifying glass filter discs can also, preferably additionally, be carried out by dividing the vertical image strips vertically and compressing the resulting parts of the image accordingly. So you can see something behind the things shown by moving your head from above or from a lower position. The vertical arrangement of the compressed image parts as a subdivision of the fields created by the division of the vertical stripes corresponds in reverse order to the locations of the cameras according to the viewing angles from which these image parts were recorded (see FIG. 5, image parts -2 to +3 in the image level at the bottom left).

Fig. 5

Here is a diagram for a SUPERSTEREO image composed of a total of 36 images horizontally and vertically. In this example, the vertical image strips are divided into the image sections of six images, which were taken from locations one above the other or one below the other. The lowest image sections of the image strips assigned to a field of the magnifying glass filter are taken from the highest camera location, the ones above them from the camera location located below. If images are interlocked horizontally and vertically at the same time, as you can see, the magnifying glass filter is based on a checkered pattern instead of a rib-shaped structure. The individual magnifying glasses get a pillow-like appearance on their curved surface.
7.3.6. Please note that it is not mandatory for the arrangement of parts of the picture to start from horizontal and vertical stripes and to give all parts of the picture the same size and shape. However, this stripe-like or lattice-like arrangement can be regarded as expedient because it starts from the horizontal, on which the viewer's eyes lie side by side. This also makes it easier to calculate the position and compression of the image parts.
7.3.7. The observation that the immediately adjacent strips of image belonging to an image differ less from one another, the narrower they are, leads to an interesting conclusion: transitions from an image to a "neighboring image" taken from a slightly different location can be used instead of one's own Recording can also be calculated by interpolation. The same is known from graphics programs for computers. Here now this possibility of interpolation serves to calculate transition image strips which are inserted between image strips obtained by real recordings and their division. This arithmetic stage could be continued so that each part of the image projected for the active-mobile look through one of these "pillow magnifiers" is (approximately) infinitely fused into a closed field for a very small section of the recorded and projected object or space. This would soothe the sawtooth-like structure of the respective picture that can be seen as a whole.
7.3.8. The selection and mutual coordination of the dimensions for the size of the image parts, possibly also for the mutual distance of image parts to be identified with one another, as well as for the assigned shape and position of the magnifying glass filter disc, as already indicated, depends on the locations in front of the images that are to be regarded as particularly favorable for their viewers.
One has to start from a triangle (see Fig. 3 above), the base line of which is the eye distance of a person of around 6 cm and the height of which is the usual distance of this person as the viewer of the pictures from them: as a viewer of pictures from the television, about on average 3 m, as a viewer of representations on the computer screen about 1 m, plus or minus around 30 percent, as a viewer of printed images or of photographic enlargements on paper, depending on the image size, maybe 1 m or much more. This triangle, the selected pattern for the arrangement of the image parts for spatial vision, the fine structure chosen by the size of the adjacent image parts, and the distance of the entire magnifying glass filter disc from the surface of the image essentially determine the surface shape of the individual magnifying glasses. A suitable further coordination of the fine structure with the resolution of the screens has already been pointed out for the image display on screens.
7.3.9. It is to be expected that programs with simple MONO images, as previously used for television programs, will continue to be usable for all of the sample types listed here, with a detailed structure for very small parts of the image, which is important for the practice of the offers in the program and thus also for the acceptance of the The procedure registered here is important. The images transmitted in this way could, under certain circumstances, appear slightly less sharp or somewhat sharper where the image parts reaching the right and left eyes and which can be identified with one another show clearly discernible differences. This is because such MONO images are not broken down into parts shown in a condensed form, but are nevertheless enlarged in the parts selected by the pattern of the magnifying glass filter disc, in which case one eye sees what is close to the part that the other eye perceives.
7.3.10. This versatility of finely structured pattern types also applies to the reproduction of simple STEREO images.
7.3.11. If a pattern is selected for more than two images belonging together for the spatial representation, all the image types described here can be reproduced, including the SUPERSTEREO images or ACTIVE spatial representations mentioned several times.
7.3.12. An example with a very fine division of a sample field is given below, here for the arrangement of the image sections compressed from the recording _directions a _-h to h ₊₂ for the insertion into the integrated projection image, thus for one of the "cushion magnifiers" ( Fig . 6). Several cameras work together like spider eyes:

Fig. 6

In this example (depicted in a very widespread manner), cut-outs of the image squeezed to an eighth of their width and a quarter of their height form the composite basic pattern. This basic pattern, which is complex as in FIG. 5, would allow eight images that are squeezed to eighths width or four to quarterths width or two to half widths (the latter for simple stereo viewing) to be inserted, recorded and reproduced as image tracks. The same applies if applicable to their amount. Please note: The vertical image strips are to be arranged one after the other from right to left, because the left eye sees a strip farther to the right behind each magnifying glass rib than the right eye (and vice versa). The overall picture, which integrates the stripes, depicts objects several times by step-by-step "walking" and "viewing" from a different direction, usually based on the location of the slightest differences between the stripes at the focal point in its associated depth of field, as both eyes adjust to it first.
7.3.13. As already mentioned, the overall projected image itself consists of the fine division of superordinate vertical stripes which depict strip-like sections of the overall image in accordance with the actual structure and are therefore arranged from left to right (compare FIGS. 1 to 4). They have the same width as a magnifying glass rib and contain the vertical image strips for spatial vision, taken from different recording locations and then compressed and joined together.
7.3.14. If the pattern formed from pillow-shaped magnifying glasses is selected for the described "stereo mask" (= magnifying glass filter disk) which is precisely adjusted in front of the projection plane, then the vertical image strips are also made up of superimposed partial areas comprising several imaging parts in accordance with the dimensions of the magnifying glass pattern. The projection fields assigned to each individual magnifying glass for a correspondingly small section of the overall image result from each superordinate vertical image strip, which - as shown schematically above as a micro image for a single magnifying glass in the table in FIG. 6 - shows the compressed and joined sections of the from contains different locations from recorded views of the pictorial objects. The macro image of the image sections for the entire magnifying glass cushion pattern for a projected image then corresponds to the following scheme ( FIG. 7):
Each letter corresponds to a small section of the overall picture.

Fig. 7

The overall picture or macro picture, FIG. 7, is composed of micro pictures, which in turn are made up of an image section from each individual picture in accordance with the specified pattern. In the example of FIG. 6, these are 16 different image sections for the left eye and for the right eye. According to Example Fig. 6 therefore each micro image contains a total of 32 different parts of the image. These are identified with lower case letters. The micrographs themselves are capitalized.
The arrangement of the micro images in the area of the overall image or macro image, as applies to the display on the screen according to a predetermined pattern, can be seen from FIG. 7.
7.3.15. All three pattern levels: the image sections from the individual images provided for the spatial detection, the area ratios in the micro images and the macro image are shown in FIG. 8 (as a small part of the overall pattern appearing on the display surface) in their mutual assignment. In this example ( FIGS. 6 to 8), the vertical compression of the image sections is only half as large as the horizontal one.

Fig. 8

The image sections shown in different shades of gray are arranged in vertical strips in such a way that from left to right the first strip for the right eye, the second for the left, the third for the right eye and so on follow one another. The image sections within each vertical strip are arranged from top to bottom in such a way that the top section corresponds to the deepest camera location and the lowest to the highest camera location. The viewer can thus see the same corresponding image detail from each micro image through each individual magnifying glass of the magnifying glass filter disk.
7.3.16. Attention is again drawn to the coordination for the suitable observation locations and to the fact that the reproduced spatial properties can be increased by moving. Because the image sections, which in turn are matched to the screen resolution, are very small, those lying next to each other usually differ little from one another. In addition, as already mentioned, interposed strips and image sections can also be calculated as transitions by interpolation. The same 3D disc enables MONO, STEREO and SUPERSTEREO images to be reproduced.

8. In addition to the advantages of the process, existing limits should also not go unmentioned for sensible use. The described areas of application differ not only in the devices used, but also in the possible resolutions. These in turn determine which resolution patterns are to be regarded as particularly suitable and expedient for the respective magnifying glass filter disk. A summary of the most important aspects can make an assessment easier through comparisons.
8.1. The resolution of the macro image during playback can be specified differently for three levels: For screens, the screen resolution applies first, for example 1200 × 1600 pixels. For the perceived sharpness of the image, the dimension for the hole spacing and the vertically offset arrangement of the holes is also important (not taken into account in FIG. 8 for reasons of clarity). An image section of a microimage cannot be smaller than one pixel or two pixels arranged one above the other ( FIG. 6). Because the magnifying glass filter disk or 3D disk consists of magnifying individual magnifying glasses of approximately the size of a micro-image due to the distance from the image plane, their resolution is correspondingly smaller for the reproduced image. According to the example in FIG. 6, based on a screen resolution of 1200 × 1600 pixels, it would only resolve the displayed image into 150 × 200 microimages or parts of the image. The SUPERSTEREO effect would be bought with a rough image resolution.
8.2 If you were satisfied with image sections of only four images from horizontally adjacent and from two vertically superimposed locations, this would result in an image resolution in 300 × 400 micro images. With an additional higher screen resolution of 2400 × 3200 pixels, an image resolution in 600 × 800 micro images would be possible.
8.3. If there is no vertical division of the image strips by joining recordings from superimposed recording locations, the result is, for example, according to the pattern of FIG. 4 and a screen resolution in 1200 × 1600 pixels, a horizontal image resolution for 266 micro images, while the vertical resolution is the screen resolution of 1200 pixels. This still allows a SUPERSTEREO effect, even if only in the horizontal direction, which as a rule could be sufficient. Nevertheless, not only a magnifying glass filter disc according to FIG. 4, but also one according to FIG. 5 is possible for images projected in this way, then matched horizontally next to six imaging sections in each case. This would result in an image resolution for 200 × 266 image parts.
8.4. The image resolution for a simple STEREO reproduction from the recording pattern according to FIG. 1 would be comparatively 600 × 800 pixels with a 3D disc according to a check pattern matched to it, as shown in FIG. 5, when using stripe masks (3D discs) according to FIG. 2 to 800 horizontally adjacent strips, however, with the vertical resolution of the screen of 1200 pixels.
8.5. For photos or prints coated with 3D film, the simple STEREO pattern according to FIGS . I and 2 or the SUPERSTEREO pattern according to FIG. 4 is also recommended, although in both cases considerably higher image resolutions are possible.
8.6. For slide and film projections on projection screens (see 6.2.) A suitable image resolution has yet to be found. For example, it could be horizontally and vertically twice the image resolution for playback on television or computer screens.
8.7. The (lateral) distance of the recording cameras from one another, like the range of the depth of field, should be able to be selected for the distance to important objects.
8.8. Several times, reference was made to what are known as favorable observation locations, as they have usually been used up to now when viewing projected images or photos and printed images. The size of the frame that can be calculated from the method registered here for favorable observation locations can be determined from the number of (horizontally) adjacent image recording locations plus the additional simulated recording locations inserted by interpolation, as a multiplication factor for the eye distance of the viewer from approx. 6.5 cm. According to the example in FIG. 8, this results in a width of approximately 52 cm for the scope of movement from which a viewer can see one of the images spatially. To his left and right, the reproduced image "jumps" into the image sections from the neighboring micro-images, which, however, is hardly noticeable due to the resolution of the overall image. The more a viewer deviates from his or her favorable observation location to the left or right, the more often the overall picture jumps by a micro-image width and, due to the increasingly oblique viewing angle, it is less and less clearly visible until it can no longer be recognized as a spatial representation . This decrease in the possibility of observation can be imagined, for example, by comparison with the change in shadow from umbra to penumbra during a lunar eclipse.
8.9. There is a considerably greater tolerance for the observer's observation distance from the imaging surface of the image display. This is convenient for projecting images onto projection screens or large flat screens.
8.10. How quickly the visibility of an image decreases in the vicinity of the favorable area for observation depends on the distance between the imaging plane and the 3D disk, which in turn is determined by the magnification selected for the magnifications of the 3D disk. If this distance is relatively large, a favorable observation location has wide areas of transition to observation quality that is no longer sufficient. If it is small, an image can only be seen a little to the side from the favorable observation location as a MONO image. This relationship becomes particularly clear in the case of photos or printed images covered with 3D film, for example advertising posters (see 6.3. And 6.4.): When you walk past, such images almost suddenly switch to spatial appearances and then become flat again , compared with FIGS. 1 and 2 from a to b + a and then to b or vice versa depending on the direction of passing. As in 6.4. described, can also be used for image jumps in images that differ in time or content.
For special applications, for research purposes, for example in the field of medical technology, options must be kept open to be able to switch on or switch over the image pattern calculator (see 5.7. And 5.8.) As required, so that either a high-resolution image from the images selected MONO picture or a possibly less high-resolution STEREO picture. For this purpose, the possibility should remain open to be able to remove or change the magnifying glass filter disk.
8.11. Result: Real objects are shown to us in their spatial properties in STEREO, because we see them with both eyes from slightly different viewing directions. Images, if reduced to the basis of flat surfaces, can only be seen as a MONO reproduction with both eyes, even when the perspective is used. The process described above, on the other hand, makes it possible to see projected images, photos and many prints not only "as with one eye", but actually see what is spatially represented in them, indeed almost as if in reality.

9. Finally, how an image converted for reproduction is created from two recordings intended for STEREO image reproduction by dividing them into image strips and compressing them and intermeshing them into one another is, finally, using an example according to FIGS. 1 and 3 as image processing with the graphics program CorelDraw! 5 in brief:

• - Load graphics program.
• - Insert the photo CD in the CD-ROM drive.
• - Click on "Import ..." in the menu bar / file.
• - In the "Import" selection window under "Drives", the CD-ROM drive Select, click on "Photo-cd" and "images" under "Directories".
• - Under "File name" from the sequence of images the selected "img000 * .pcd" - Click on the picture number, which is shown in the top right when "Preview" is ticked, the picture appears in the small picture window.
• - Click "OK". Another "Photo CD Options" window appears in which Image resolution and number of colors set and possibly a little larger preview image can be obtained by ticking. With "Image size" Note storage requirements!
• - In the "Photo CD Options" window, check "Apply image extension". "OK".
• - Select a color correction procedure in the "Photo CD image extension" window and preprocess the picture.
• - Then click the "OK" button to edit the pre-processed image CorelDraw window side as an object with a marquee loaded and can first be pushed aside. The side - high or landscape - can be a blank new page or another Objects included.
• - "Layout" is selected in the menu bar and in the rollup opened below "Grid & scaling device" clicked.
• - A window opens for the desired settings. For example with grid width "horizontal" 99.9 per inch can be set. "Show grid" and "Align to grid" should be checked. "OK".
• - If not already available, now (here: for STEREO pictures without additional recordings from vertically superimposed locations) Stripe pattern created. To do this, in the toolbar on the left Tool "rectangle" button clicked and then with the cursor in the area a narrow vertical rectangle of the desired width on the side to Example about 1/100 inch wide, wound up.
• - The first one, for example from the set grid origin at the top left open rectangle with initially any length is now clicked  of the top tool button "Object selection" duplicated by simultaneous Press the "Ctrl" and "D" keys. The highlighted duplicate is created attached to the original on the right.
• - As described, the marked rectangular stripe is duplicated and repeated attached on the right until half the intended image width is reached.
• - If all strips are joined together to form a large rectangle, a Selection frame drawn around the large rectangle and in the menu bar of the "Group" button clicked. The many single strips are now one parent object merged, later using the same button can be dissolved again.
• - Now the stripe pattern created becomes vertical on its selection frame extended down to the intended size.
• - The entire stripe pattern is described with its selection frame duplicated and as a container for the second picture to a free space to the side pushed.
• - Now the loaded image (taken for the left eye) is selected and with the help of the marking frame exactly to the height of the stripe rectangle enlarged or reduced.
• - In the next step, the image becomes horizontal using the marking frame compacted to exactly half its width. It should stay placed that the stripe rectangle is at most partially covered by the image. Of the Marking frames around the image must be preserved for correct insertion.
• - "Effects" is clicked in the menu bar and then opened Rollup the line "PowerClip" with the left mouse button activated, next to it a field appears in which the line "Place in container" is clicked.
• - A cursor in the form of a thick black arrow appears. The arrow comes with the mouse into the unmarked stripe pattern. After clicking with the left mouse button the stripe pattern is filled with the image "a".
• - In the same way, the duplicated stripe pattern with that on the suitable height "stretched" and compressed to its half width second (for the right eye determined) image "b" filled.
• - By clicking the "Ungroup" button in the menu bar and Clicking on a free space on the page will display the individual filled strips for Single movements free. One stripe after the other is marked and then like this moved aside that between the stripes of picture "b" the associated Fit the stripes from picture "a" exactly, each "a" stripe to the right of each its associated "b" stripe.
• - Once the fit has been checked carefully, the overall picture is provided with a marking frame and connected to a higher-level object using the "Group" menu button. Then click on the "Outline" button in the toolbar on the left-hand side and click on the "Without Outline" subfield in the expanded field. The overall picture is now ready and can be saved. It takes up the area of an original picture. The following FIGS. 9 to 12 show the most important stages of a simple STEREO image created using the registered method by computer-aided calculation using a colored example:

Fig. 9

Before being divided into strips, both photos are compressed horizontally to 50% of their original width (compressed). Here the image a intended for the left eye is on the left, the image b intended for the right eye is on the right. If one tries to see "through them" at a greater distance, they slide over one another for both eyes without the use of a 3D disc to form a simple STEREO image. As soon as the parts to be identified from both images are more than 6 cm apart, this STEREO vision is no longer possible without aids.
Because both individual shots were compressed to half their width, the vertical image strips a and b can be placed exactly on the original width of an image after they have been merged. In the case of three or more exposures, the strips are compressed to a correspondingly greater extent, and adjacent ones are more similar to one another with laterally smaller exposure distances.

Fig. 10

This image example corresponds to FIGS. 1 and 3. The image strips a are only visible for the left eye through the 3D pane, the strips b only for the right eye.
In order to make the method, as it is applicable for simple STEREO image reproductions, obvious, the image strips in this example are shown about 80 times wider than is possible for a normal screen resolution. All stripes a are easier to distinguish here from stripes b by a slightly wider picture edge at the top. The vertical black stripe between b ₁ and a _1, inserted for clarification, is the left edge of the original image a for the left eye, which is inserted like a comb into the free spaces between the equally comb-like image b. The vertical black stripe between b ₁₀ and a ₁₀ is accordingly the right edge of the original image b for the right eye. (Of course, the image reproduction using the procedure described here does not require black image edges).

Fig. 11

Fig. 11 illustrates an actual fine resolution for stereo images by the notified herein. The enlarged image section from FIG. 10 contains, in the black-bordered rectangles, 13 vertical image strips each from the wide strips b ₆ and a _{6 there} in a resolution adapted to the screens of televisions and computer monitors.

Fig. 12

The image strips of the rectangles in FIG. 11 are arranged "interlocked" here. The shooting distance of images a and b (about 1 m) caused greater differences in their strips a and b. The cutout appeared on a 70 cm television screen about 10 mm wide.

Claims (21)

1. A method for the pictorial detection and representation of objects and distances and their spatial properties, characterized in that resulting from their optically perceptible data disassembled into parts and reassembled for reproduction so that from an optical device attached in front of the imaging surface distant, favorable viewing areas for the offered image width, the recorded and represented objects and distances can be seen as reproductions in their spatial properties without further aids. 2. Method with device according to claim 1, characterized in that the spatial properties of the objects and distances about television or video technology, about film or photographic, about graphic, cartoon and / or measuring techniques and about computer techniques can be captured and edited for pictorial reproduction. 3. Method with device according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that images for spatially detectable reproduction digital or transmitted by analog, television or video technology, photographic or printing technology and can be saved. 4. Method with device according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that for spatially detectable reproduction two or more images from different locations recorded, edited, transmitted and / or displayed. 5. Method with device according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the images thus provided and reproduced can be seen spatially by more than one viewer at the same time. 6. Method with device according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the detected by techniques according to claim 2 and over Storage and transmission from the optically perceptible data of the Objects and distances resulting images for processing predetermined pattern types broken down into parts and these new for reproduction be put together. 7. Method with device according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the images provided from two or more resulting parts of the image for playback are shown so compressed that they find space for a single image in the display area.   8. Method with device according to claims 1 and 7, characterized in that the pattern and device for the individual images Reproduction in comb-like interlocking vertical preferably very narrow strips. 9. Method with device according to claims 1 and 8, characterized in that, in the case of the pattern and device, these strips are also vertical can be divided into fields to move one head up or down somewhat changed perspective on the objects depicted, intermediate and To get cavities. 10. Method with device according to claims 1 and 6 to 9, characterized in that computing the image decomposition into strips or fields and the compression of the resulting parts of the image into smaller picture areas and repositioning these parts from different images according to the pattern specified for image reproduction, the possibilities according to claims 2 to 4 accordingly before or after the transmission or storage of the recorded image data can be done. 11. Method with device according to claims 1 and 6 to 10, characterized in that individual parts of the assembled illustrations of the Objects and distances between recorded and so in a condensed Representation of reproduced sections also by interpolating respectively can be obtained by calculating the transitions. 12. Method with device according to claims 1, 8, 9 and 11, characterized in that the individual parts of the images arranged according to these sample types separately for both eyes of the viewer, related to his observation location, be sorted. 13. The method according to claims 1 and 12, characterized in that the said device from the left and the parts of the illustration shown on the right eye, compressed again on their original proportions enlarged. 14. The method with device according to claim 1, characterized in that the to the predetermined patterns for the arrangement of the Each of the matching device, also known as a magnifying glass filter disk or as a 3D disk, as a disk made of glass or crystal clear plastic with optically effective, ground in or pressed-in structured surface or produced as a corresponding surface-embossed film or also composed of corresponding optically active layers can be trained.   15. Method with device according to claims 1 to 14, characterized in that patterns and matched devices so are such that the images of the recorded or represented, transmitted and / or stored spatial objects and distances from the image reproduction created by calculation through identification and Synthesis of those intended for the left and right eye of each viewer two-dimensional imaging parts can be seen spatially. 16. Method with device according to claims 1 and 6 to 15, characterized in that a sample and matched device type an image reproduction of simple MONO images as well of identical MONO images transmitted and / or stored as two images as well as simple STEREO images created from two different images allowed. 17. Method with device according to patent claims 1 and 6 to 16, characterized in that sample and coordinated device types also can be such that they reproduce images from simple MONO images as well of identical MONO images transmitted and / or stored as two images as well as simple STEREO images created from two different images and also from more than two different images, in the horizontal plane the effect of hologram-like (here called) horizontal SUPERSTEREO images allowed. 18. Method with device according to claims 1 and 6 to 17, characterized in that sample and coordinated device types also can be such that they display images according to claims 16 and 17 and also those from more than two different images, in the horizontal and / or vertical direction similar to the effect of holograms Allow SUPERSTEREO images by moving your head to the left or right, possibly also up or down, a changed perspective on the spatially represented objects and is achieved in voids or gaps. 19. Method with device according to claims 1 to 11, 14 and 16, characterized in that with and instead of recordings and representations the same picture objects for reproductions to be seen spatially also images that differ in time or content to image sequences from two images can be combined on the same display surface, the as such by moving your head and / or body can be recognized as MONO or as simple STEREO images.   20. Method with device according to claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the calculation of the image reproduction according to a predetermined Patterns also in one assigned to the terminal - for example a television special component can be made by the transmitter by a code signal, if necessary, can also be switched on or off directly by the user, in the case of switching off only one of each other for spatial vision assigned images for playback, then as a MONO image. 21. Method with device according to claims 1 and 20, characterized in that the said device for spatial vision also so may be provided by the user for STEREO playback attached in front of the screen, can also be removed for MONO programs can.