DE19806872A1 - Production of biotin by expressing S-adenosyl-methionine synthase and second biotin synthesis gene in host cells - Google Patents
Production of biotin by expressing S-adenosyl-methionine synthase and second biotin synthesis gene in host cellsInfo
- Publication number
- DE19806872A1 DE19806872A1 DE19806872A DE19806872A DE19806872A1 DE 19806872 A1 DE19806872 A1 DE 19806872A1 DE 19806872 A DE19806872 A DE 19806872A DE 19806872 A DE19806872 A DE 19806872A DE 19806872 A1 DE19806872 A1 DE 19806872A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- seq
- biotin
- gene
- sequences
- genes
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- YBJHBAHKTGYVGT-ZKWXMUAHSA-N (+)-Biotin Chemical compound N1C(=O)N[C@@H]2[C@H](CCCCC(=O)O)SC[C@@H]21 YBJHBAHKTGYVGT-ZKWXMUAHSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 176
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 229960002685 biotin Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 235000020958 biotin Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 239000011616 biotin Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 108050008511 S-adenosylmethionine synthases Proteins 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 102100026115 S-adenosylmethionine synthase isoform type-1 Human genes 0.000 title abstract description 4
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 101150085692 bioC gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 11
- 101100381793 Bacillus subtilis (strain 168) bioK gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 10
- 101150076754 bioA gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 10
- 101150043536 bioH gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 10
- 101100218845 Escherichia coli (strain K12) bioH gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 101150029327 bioB gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 9
- 101150023452 bioD gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 9
- 101150032820 bioF gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 101100494110 Escherichia coli (strain K12) birA gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 8
- 101100004530 Lysinibacillus sphaericus bioX gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 8
- 101150065301 bioP gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 8
- 101150026811 bioY gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000607142 Salmonella Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 101150016301 bioW gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000186216 Corynebacterium Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000588748 Klebsiella Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000589291 Acinetobacter Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000589158 Agrobacterium Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000186063 Arthrobacter Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000589151 Azotobacter Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000186146 Brevibacterium Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000588881 Chromobacterium Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000589519 Comamonas Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000588722 Escherichia Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000186660 Lactobacillus Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000194036 Lactococcus Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000589516 Pseudomonas Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000589180 Rhizobium Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000607720 Serratia Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000191940 Staphylococcus Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000187747 Streptomyces Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940039696 lactobacillus Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000588923 Citrobacter Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000223252 Rhodotorula Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000235070 Saccharomyces Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000235346 Schizosaccharomyces Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000235013 Yarrowia Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001851 biosynthetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- 101150095438 metK gene Proteins 0.000 description 24
- 101100023016 Methanothermobacter marburgensis (strain ATCC BAA-927 / DSM 2133 / JCM 14651 / NBRC 100331 / OCM 82 / Marburg) mat gene Proteins 0.000 description 22
- 241000588724 Escherichia coli Species 0.000 description 20
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 14
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 13
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 description 12
- 235000014680 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- 239000013612 plasmid Substances 0.000 description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- MEFKEPWMEQBLKI-AIRLBKTGSA-N S-adenosyl-L-methioninate Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](C[S+](CC[C@H](N)C([O-])=O)C)O[C@H]1N1C2=NC=NC(N)=C2N=C1 MEFKEPWMEQBLKI-AIRLBKTGSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 108020004414 DNA Proteins 0.000 description 8
- AUTOLBMXDDTRRT-JGVFFNPUSA-N (4R,5S)-dethiobiotin Chemical compound C[C@@H]1NC(=O)N[C@@H]1CCCCCC(O)=O AUTOLBMXDDTRRT-JGVFFNPUSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 7
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 108091034117 Oligonucleotide Proteins 0.000 description 6
- JLCPHMBAVCMARE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[5-(2-amino-6-oxo-1H-purin-9-yl)-3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[3-[[5-(2-amino-6-oxo-1H-purin-9-yl)-3-[[5-(2-amino-6-oxo-1H-purin-9-yl)-3-hydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methyl [5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] hydrogen phosphate Polymers Cc1cn(C2CC(OP(O)(=O)OCC3OC(CC3OP(O)(=O)OCC3OC(CC3O)n3cnc4c3nc(N)[nH]c4=O)n3cnc4c3nc(N)[nH]c4=O)C(COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3COP(O)(=O)OC3CC(OC3CO)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cc(C)c(=O)[nH]c3=O)n3cc(C)c(=O)[nH]c3=O)n3ccc(N)nc3=O)n3cc(C)c(=O)[nH]c3=O)n3cnc4c3nc(N)[nH]c4=O)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)n3cnc4c(N)ncnc34)O2)c(=O)[nH]c1=O JLCPHMBAVCMARE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229940023064 escherichia coli Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 6
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 108091026890 Coding region Proteins 0.000 description 5
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002773 nucleotide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000003729 nucleotide group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- -1 one of which Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 108091028043 Nucleic acid sequence Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010367 cloning Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 4
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GUAHPAJOXVYFON-SSDOTTSWSA-N 7-keto-8-aminopelargonic acid Chemical compound C[C@@H](N)C(=O)CCCCCC(O)=O GUAHPAJOXVYFON-SSDOTTSWSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DCXYFEDJOCDNAF-REOHCLBHSA-N L-asparagine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(N)=O DCXYFEDJOCDNAF-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000193386 Lysinibacillus sphaericus Species 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000001014 amino acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229940024606 amino acid Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940088710 antibiotic agent Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000018417 cysteine Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- XUJNEKJLAYXESH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cysteine Natural products SCC(N)C(O)=O XUJNEKJLAYXESH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000012217 deletion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000037430 deletion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013492 plasmid preparation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012163 sequencing technique Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 3
- LWTDZKXXJRRKDG-KXBFYZLASA-N (-)-phaseollin Chemical compound C1OC2=CC(O)=CC=C2[C@H]2[C@@H]1C1=CC=C3OC(C)(C)C=CC3=C1O2 LWTDZKXXJRRKDG-KXBFYZLASA-N 0.000 description 2
- MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-REOHCLBHSA-N (2S)-2-Amino-3-hydroxypropansäure Chemical compound OC[C@H](N)C(O)=O MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PJODNTCLCCRNCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-diaminononanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(N)(N)C(O)=O PJODNTCLCCRNCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102000002260 Alkaline Phosphatase Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108020004774 Alkaline Phosphatase Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 241000143060 Americamysis bahia Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000219195 Arabidopsis thaliana Species 0.000 description 2
- DCXYFEDJOCDNAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Asparagine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC(N)=O DCXYFEDJOCDNAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000186321 Cellulomonas Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000193403 Clostridium Species 0.000 description 2
- SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-IOVATXLUSA-N D-xylopyranose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1COC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-IOVATXLUSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108090000626 DNA-directed RNA polymerases Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000004163 DNA-directed RNA polymerases Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010057366 Flavodoxin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 229930091371 Fructose Natural products 0.000 description 2
- RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N Fructose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005715 Fructose Substances 0.000 description 2
- XUJNEKJLAYXESH-REOHCLBHSA-N L-Cysteine Chemical compound SC[C@H](N)C(O)=O XUJNEKJLAYXESH-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-REOHCLBHSA-N L-alanine Chemical compound C[C@H](N)C(O)=O QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 2
- PVNIIMVLHYAWGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Niacin Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 PVNIIMVLHYAWGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZXPDPZARILFQX-BYPYZUCNSA-N O-acetyl-L-serine Chemical compound CC(=O)OC[C@H]([NH3+])C([O-])=O VZXPDPZARILFQX-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108091036333 Rapid DNA Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 241000187561 Rhodococcus erythropolis Species 0.000 description 2
- AUNGANRZJHBGPY-SCRDCRAPSA-N Riboflavin Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)CN1C=2C=C(C)C(C)=CC=2N=C2C1=NC(=O)NC2=O AUNGANRZJHBGPY-SCRDCRAPSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Serine Natural products OCC(N)C(O)=O MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000002595 Solanum tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 108091081024 Start codon Proteins 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JZRWCGZRTZMZEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiamine Natural products CC1=C(CCO)SC=[N+]1CC1=CN=C(C)N=C1N JZRWCGZRTZMZEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 244000098338 Triticum aestivum Species 0.000 description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 description 2
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- XJLXINKUBYWONI-DQQFMEOOSA-N [[(2r,3r,4r,5r)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-3-hydroxy-4-phosphonooxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl] [(2s,3r,4s,5s)-5-(3-carbamoylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methyl phosphate Chemical compound NC(=O)C1=CC=C[N+]([C@@H]2[C@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OP(O)(=O)OC[C@@H]3[C@H]([C@@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H](O3)N3C4=NC=NC(N)=C4N=C3)O)O2)O)=C1 XJLXINKUBYWONI-DQQFMEOOSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960001570 ademetionine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000004279 alanine Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N arabinose Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C=O PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000009582 asparagine Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229960001230 asparagine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-D-Pyranose-Lyxose Natural products OC1COC(O)C(O)C1O SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 101150031021 birA gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006473 carboxylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000000349 chromosome Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003623 enhancer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 2
- 108010077992 flavoredoxin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- OVBPIULPVIDEAO-LBPRGKRZSA-N folic acid Chemical compound C=1N=C2NC(N)=NC(=O)C2=NC=1CNC1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 OVBPIULPVIDEAO-LBPRGKRZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000006166 lysate Substances 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002703 mutagenesis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 231100000350 mutagenesis Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 229930027945 nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- WLJVNTCWHIRURA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pimelic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCC(O)=O WLJVNTCWHIRURA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LYCRXMTYUZDUGA-UYRKPTJQSA-N pimeloyl-CoA Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H](COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OCC(C)(C)[C@@H](O)C(=O)NCCC(=O)NCCSC(=O)CCCCCC(O)=O)O[C@H]1N1C2=NC=NC(N)=C2N=C1 LYCRXMTYUZDUGA-UYRKPTJQSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 108091008146 restriction endonucleases Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 229940081969 saccharomyces cerevisiae Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000019157 thiamine Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- KYMBYSLLVAOCFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiamine Chemical compound CC1=C(CCO)SCN1CC1=CN=C(C)N=C1N KYMBYSLLVAOCFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960003495 thiamine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000011721 thiamine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013518 transcription Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035897 transcription Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 description 2
- GHPDWAAGDJPBLL-ZVGUSBNCSA-N (2r,3r)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid;hydrazine Chemical compound NN.OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O GHPDWAAGDJPBLL-ZVGUSBNCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GHOKWGTUZJEAQD-ZETCQYMHSA-N (D)-(+)-Pantothenic acid Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)[C@@H](O)C(=O)NCCC(O)=O GHOKWGTUZJEAQD-ZETCQYMHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108091032973 (ribonucleotides)n+m Proteins 0.000 description 1
- OWEGMIWEEQEYGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 100676-05-9 Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(OC(O)C(O)C2O)CO)O1 OWEGMIWEEQEYGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FWMNVWWHGCHHJJ-SKKKGAJSSA-N 4-amino-1-[(2r)-6-amino-2-[[(2r)-2-[[(2r)-2-[[(2r)-2-amino-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]piperidine-4-carboxylic acid Chemical compound C([C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N1CCC(N)(CC1)C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](N)CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 FWMNVWWHGCHHJJ-SKKKGAJSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000589220 Acetobacter Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000588624 Acinetobacter calcoaceticus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001133760 Acoelorraphe Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000203809 Actinomycetales Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000589155 Agrobacterium tumefaciens Species 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N Alpha-Lactose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000185996 Arthrobacter citreus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000238421 Arthropoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000973034 Azomonas Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000589154 Azotobacter group Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000589149 Azotobacter vinelandii Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000193744 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000193755 Bacillus cereus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000194108 Bacillus licheniformis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000194107 Bacillus megaterium Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000194103 Bacillus pumilus Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000193388 Bacillus thuringiensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000177578 Bacterium linens Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000012539 Bacterium linens Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000588882 Beijerinckia Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000002791 Brassica napus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000004977 Brassica sinapistrum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000186312 Brevibacterium sp. Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001453380 Burkholderia Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000244202 Caenorhabditis Species 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical class [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000222120 Candida <Saccharomycetales> Species 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000588879 Chromobacterium violaceum Species 0.000 description 1
- 108020004638 Circular DNA Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 108020004705 Codon Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000589518 Comamonas testosteroni Species 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000186031 Corynebacteriaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000186226 Corynebacterium glutamicum Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000186249 Corynebacterium sp. Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000203813 Curtobacterium Species 0.000 description 1
- 108010076010 Cystathionine beta-lyase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- AUNGANRZJHBGPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-Lyxoflavin Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)CN1C=2C=C(C)C(C)=CC=2N=C2C1=NC(=O)NC2=O AUNGANRZJHBGPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N D-Mannitol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-QTVWNMPRSA-N D-mannopyranose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-QTVWNMPRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HMFHBZSHGGEWLO-SOOFDHNKSA-N D-ribofuranose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O HMFHBZSHGGEWLO-SOOFDHNKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAQJHHRNXZUBTE-NQXXGFSBSA-N D-ribulose Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(=O)CO ZAQJHHRNXZUBTE-NQXXGFSBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAQJHHRNXZUBTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-threo-2-Pentulose Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(=O)CO ZAQJHHRNXZUBTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000053602 DNA Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 241001600125 Delftia acidovorans Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001180360 Derxia Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000002965 ELISA Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000588914 Enterobacter Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000588921 Enterobacteriaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000588698 Erwinia Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001302584 Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. W3110 Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000206602 Eukaryota Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000192125 Firmicutes Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000589565 Flavobacterium Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000193385 Geobacillus stearothermophilus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000589236 Gluconobacter Species 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutamic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCC(O)=O WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010068370 Glutens Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100031181 Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 241000208818 Helianthus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003222 Helianthus annuus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000005979 Hordeum vulgare Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007340 Hordeum vulgare Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical class C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241001454354 Kingella Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000186809 Kurthia Species 0.000 description 1
- LKDRXBCSQODPBY-AMVSKUEXSA-N L-(-)-Sorbose Chemical compound OCC1(O)OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O LKDRXBCSQODPBY-AMVSKUEXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-REOHCLBHSA-N L-aspartic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(O)=O CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N L-glutamic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(O)=O WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-VKHMYHEASA-N L-glutamine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(N)=O ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 1
- FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-methionine Chemical compound CSCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001468155 Lactobacillaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N Lactose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006142 Luria-Bertani Agar Substances 0.000 description 1
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lysine Natural products NCCCCC(N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004472 Lysine Substances 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical class [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-PICCSMPSSA-N Maltose Natural products O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-PICCSMPSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000124008 Mammalia Species 0.000 description 1
- 229930195725 Mannitol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 241001599018 Melanogaster Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000203353 Methanococcus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001467578 Microbacterium Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000192041 Micrococcus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000588621 Moraxella Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000186359 Mycobacterium Species 0.000 description 1
- OVBPIULPVIDEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pteroyl-L-glutaminsaeure Natural products C=1N=C2NC(N)=NC(=O)C2=NC=1CNC1=CC=C(C(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 OVBPIULPVIDEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000588653 Neisseria Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000588656 Neisseriaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000605159 Nitrobacter Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000605122 Nitrosomonas Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000187654 Nocardia Species 0.000 description 1
- 108091092724 Noncoding DNA Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108090000854 Oxidoreductases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004316 Oxidoreductases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 101710163504 Phaseolin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000004713 Pisum sativum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010582 Pisum sativum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000218978 Populus deltoides Species 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000947836 Pseudomonadaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000589517 Pseudomonas aeruginosa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001646398 Pseudomonas chlororaphis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000589540 Pseudomonas fluorescens Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000589755 Pseudomonas mendocina Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000649080 Pseudomonas mutabilis Species 0.000 description 1
- MUPFEKGTMRGPLJ-RMMQSMQOSA-N Raffinose Natural products O(C[C@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O[C@@]2(CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)O1)[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 MUPFEKGTMRGPLJ-RMMQSMQOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019484 Rapeseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000700157 Rattus norvegicus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001633102 Rhizobiaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000589194 Rhizobium leguminosarum Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000316848 Rhodococcus <scale insect> Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000223253 Rhodotorula glutinis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001149408 Rhodotorula graminis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000223254 Rhodotorula mucilaginosa Species 0.000 description 1
- PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-LMVFSUKVSA-N Ribose Natural products OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)C=O PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-LMVFSUKVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003798 SPO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 101100434411 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) ADH1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000293869 Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium Species 0.000 description 1
- 101100478210 Schizosaccharomyces pombe (strain 972 / ATCC 24843) spo2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000007238 Secale cereale Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000082988 Secale cereale Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000607715 Serratia marcescens Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000000231 Sesamum indicum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003434 Sesamum indicum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000607768 Shigella Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000062793 Sorghum vulgare Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000019764 Soybean Meal Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000228391 Sporidiobolus pararoseus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000228393 Sporidiobolus salmonicolor Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000222068 Sporobolomyces <Sporidiobolaceae> Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000204117 Sporolactobacillus Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 108010090804 Streptavidin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000187398 Streptomyces lividans Species 0.000 description 1
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108700005078 Synthetic Genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100187081 Trichormus variabilis (strain ATCC 29413 / PCC 7937) nifS1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- MUPFEKGTMRGPLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N UNPD196149 Natural products OC1C(O)C(CO)OC1(CO)OC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(COC2C(C(O)C(O)C(CO)O2)O)O1 MUPFEKGTMRGPLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108090000848 Ubiquitin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000044159 Ubiquitin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 229930003756 Vitamin B7 Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 241000589634 Xanthomonas Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000235015 Yarrowia lipolytica Species 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000588901 Zymomonas Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 101150102866 adc1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241001148470 aerobic bacillus Species 0.000 description 1
- 229960003767 alanine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HMFHBZSHGGEWLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-D-Furanose-Ribose Natural products OCC1OC(O)C(O)C1O HMFHBZSHGGEWLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-PHYPRBDBSA-N alpha-D-galactose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-PHYPRBDBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960000723 ampicillin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- AVKUERGKIZMTKX-NJBDSQKTSA-N ampicillin Chemical compound C1([C@@H](N)C(=O)N[C@H]2[C@H]3SC([C@@H](N3C2=O)C(O)=O)(C)C)=CC=CC=C1 AVKUERGKIZMTKX-NJBDSQKTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019728 animal nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-WDCZJNDASA-N arabinose Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)C=O PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-WDCZJNDASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000003704 aspartic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940097012 bacillus thuringiensis Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQFSQFPPLPISGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-carboxyaspartic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(N)C(C(O)=O)C(O)=O OQFSQFPPLPISGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QUYVBRFLSA-N beta-maltose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QUYVBRFLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001615 biotins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940041514 candida albicans extract Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000021523 carboxylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005018 casein Substances 0.000 description 1
- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical compound NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021240 caseins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004113 cell culture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013611 chromosomal DNA Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005515 coenzyme Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021310 complex sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012228 culture supernatant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002433 cysteine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000006114 decarboxylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003831 deregulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- VHJLVAABSRFDPM-QWWZWVQMSA-N dithiothreitol Chemical compound SC[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CS VHJLVAABSRFDPM-QWWZWVQMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009088 enzymatic function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007247 enzymatic mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013604 expression vector Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004136 fatty acid synthesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012262 fermentative production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019152 folic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960000304 folic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011724 folic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002538 fungal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930182830 galactose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013922 glutamic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004220 glutamic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N glutamine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCC(N)=O ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021312 gluten Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 108020004445 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 150000002337 glycosamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003102 growth factor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007952 growth promoter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 101150021879 iscS gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- BPHPUYQFMNQIOC-NXRLNHOXSA-N isopropyl beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside Chemical compound CC(C)S[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O BPHPUYQFMNQIOC-NXRLNHOXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SBUJHOSQTJFQJX-NOAMYHISSA-N kanamycin Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CN)O[C@@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O[C@@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](N)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)O)[C@H](N)C[C@@H]1N SBUJHOSQTJFQJX-NOAMYHISSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000318 kanamycin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930027917 kanamycin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229930182823 kanamycin A Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 101150109249 lacI gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical class [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000594 mannitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010355 mannitol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012533 medium component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003924 mental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108020004999 messenger RNA Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229930182817 methionine Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000019713 millet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013379 molasses Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010369 molecular cloning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000001968 nicotinic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960003512 nicotinic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011664 nicotinic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 101150082753 nifS gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002830 nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000002018 overexpression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940014662 pantothenate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019161 pantothenic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011713 pantothenic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
- LWTDZKXXJRRKDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N phaseollin Natural products C1OC2=CC(O)=CC=C2C2C1C1=CC=C3OC(C)(C)C=CC3=C1O2 LWTDZKXXJRRKDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940085991 phosphate ion Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003752 polymerase chain reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000001 potassium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000012015 potatoes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000013587 production medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001938 protoplast Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- MUPFEKGTMRGPLJ-ZQSKZDJDSA-N raffinose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO[C@@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)O)O1 MUPFEKGTMRGPLJ-ZQSKZDJDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011535 reaction buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000025078 regulation of biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019192 riboflavin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960002477 riboflavin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002151 riboflavin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003705 ribosome Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- JQXXHWHPUNPDRT-WLSIYKJHSA-N rifampicin Chemical compound O([C@](C1=O)(C)O/C=C/[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](C)\C=C\C=C(C)/C(=O)NC=2C(O)=C3C([O-])=C4C)C)OC)C4=C1C3=C(O)C=2\C=N\N1CC[NH+](C)CC1 JQXXHWHPUNPDRT-WLSIYKJHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002741 site-directed mutagenesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004455 soybean meal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- MBYLVOKEDDQJDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-aminoethyl)amine Chemical compound NCCN(CCN)CCN MBYLVOKEDDQJDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001148471 unidentified anaerobic bacterium Species 0.000 description 1
- 101150060445 uvrB gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011912 vitamin B7 Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011735 vitamin B7 Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003722 vitamin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012138 yeast extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/11—DNA or RNA fragments; Modified forms thereof; Non-coding nucleic acids having a biological activity
- C12N15/52—Genes encoding for enzymes or proenzymes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/10—Transferases (2.)
- C12N9/1085—Transferases (2.) transferring alkyl or aryl groups other than methyl groups (2.5)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/10—Transferases (2.)
- C12N9/13—Transferases (2.) transferring sulfur containing groups (2.8)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P17/00—Preparation of heterocyclic carbon compounds with only O, N, S, Se or Te as ring hetero atoms
- C12P17/18—Preparation of heterocyclic carbon compounds with only O, N, S, Se or Te as ring hetero atoms containing at least two hetero rings condensed among themselves or condensed with a common carbocyclic ring system, e.g. rifamycin
- C12P17/185—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms in the condensed system
- C12P17/186—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms in the condensed system containing a 2-oxo-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol nucleus, e.g. Biotin
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Genkonstrukt, enthaltend ein S-Adeno syl-Methionin-Synthasegen, mit der Sequenz SEQ ID No. 1 und ein Biotin-Biosynthesegen bioS1, bioS2 und/oder bioS3 mit den Sequen zen SEQ ID No. 3, SEQ ID No. 5 bzw. SEQ ID No. 7 und gegebenenfalls mindestens einer weiteren Biotinsynthesegensequenz ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bioA, bioB, bioF, bioC, bioD, bioH, bioP, bioW, bioX, bioY oder bioR. Die Erfindung betrifft weiterhin Organismen, die dieses Genkonstrukt enthalten und die Verwendung des Genkon strukts zur Herstellung von Biotin, sowie ein Verfahren zur Her stellung von Biotin.The invention relates to a gene construct containing an S-adeno syl-methionine synthase gene, with the sequence SEQ ID No. 1 and one Biotin biosynthesis genes bioS1, bioS2 and / or bioS3 with the sequences zen SEQ ID No. 3, SEQ ID No. 5 or SEQ ID No. 7 and if necessary at least one further biotin synthesis gene sequence selected from the group bioA, bioB, bioF, bioC, bioD, bioH, bioP, bioW, bioX, bioY or bioR. The invention further relates to organisms that contain this gene construct and the use of the gene con strukts for the production of biotin, and a process for the production position of biotin.
Als Coenzym spielt Biotin (Vitamin H) eine essentielle Rolle bei enzymkatalysierten Carboxylierungs- und Decarboxylierungsreaktio nen. Biotin ist damit ein essentieller Faktor in lebenden Zellen. Biotin muß von fast allen Tieren und einigen Mikroorganismen von außen aufgenommen werden, da sie Biotin nicht selber synthetisie ren können. Es ist damit für diese Organismen ein essentielles Vitamin. Bakterien, Hefen und Pflanzen hingegen können Biotin aus Vorstufen selbst synthetisieren (Brown et al. Biotechnol. Genet. Eng. Rev. 9, 1991: 295-326, DeMoll, E., Escherichia coli and Salmonella, eds. Neidhardt, F. C. et al. ASM Press, Washington DC, USA, 1996: 704-708, ISBN 1-55581-084-5).As a coenzyme, biotin (vitamin H) plays an essential role enzyme-catalyzed carboxylation and decarboxylation reaction nen. Biotin is therefore an essential factor in living cells. Biotin must be used by almost all animals and some microorganisms be included outside because they do not synthesize biotin themselves can. It is therefore essential for these organisms Vitamin. Bacteria, yeasts and plants, on the other hand, can produce biotin Synthesize precursors themselves (Brown et al. Biotechnol. Genet. Closely. Rev. 9, 1991: 295-326, DeMoll, E., Escherichia coli and Salmonella, eds. Neidhardt, F.C. et al. ASM Press, Washington DC, USA, 1996: 704-708, ISBN 1-55581-084-5).
Die Biotinsynthese wurde in bakteriellen Organismen speziell im gramnegativen Bakterium Escherichia coli und im grampositiven Bakterium Bacillus sphaericus untersucht (Brown et al. Biotech nol. Genet. Eng. Rev. 9, 1991: 295-326). Als erstes bisher be kanntes Intermediat in E. coli wird Pimelyl-CoA (PmCoA) angese hen, das aus der Fettsäuresynthese stammt (DeMoll, E., Escheri chia coli and Salmonella, eds. Neidhardt, F. C. et al. ASM Press, Washington DC, USA, 1996: 704-708, ISBN 1-55581-084-5 1996). Der Syntheseweg dieser Biotin-Vorstufe in E. coli ist bisher weitgehend unbekannt (Lemoine et al., Mol. Microbiol. 19, 1996: 645-647). Es wurden mit bioC und bioH zwei Gene identifiziert, deren korrespondierende Proteine für die Synthese von Pm-CoA ver antwortlich sind. Die enzymatische Funktion der Genprodukte BioH und BioC ist bisher nicht bekannt (Lemoine et al., Mol. Micro biol. 19, 1996: 645-647, DeMoll, E., Escherichia coli and Sal monella, eds. Neidhardt, F. C. et al. ASM Press, Washington DC, USA, 1996: 704-708, ISBN 1-55581-084-5). Pm-CoA wird in vier weiteren enzymatischen Schritten zum Biotin umgewandelt. Ausge hend vom Pm-CoA findet zuerst die Kondensation mit Alanin zu 7-Keto-8-Amino-Pelargonsäure (KAPA) durch BioF statt. Es folgt die Umsetzung von KAPA zu 7,8 Diamino-Pelargonsäure (DAPA) durch BioA. Der nächste Schritt führt nach einer ATP-abhängigen Carbo xylierungsreaktion zum Dethiobiotin (DTB) und wird durch BioD ka talysiert. Im letzten Schritt findet die Umsetzung von DTB zu Biotin statt. Dieser Schritt wird durch BioB katalysiert. Der chemische und enzymatische Mechanismus der Umwandlung von DTB zu Biotin ist bisher nur unvollständig verstanden und aufgeklärt.Biotin synthesis has been especially developed in bacterial organisms gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli and gram-positive Bacillus sphaericus bacterium examined (Brown et al. Biotech nol. Genet. Closely. Rev. 9, 1991: 295-326). First of all, be known intermediate in E. coli is Pimelyl-CoA (PmCoA) hen, which comes from the fatty acid synthesis (DeMoll, E., Escheri chia coli and Salmonella, eds. Neidhardt, F.C. et al. ASM Press, Washington DC, USA, 1996: 704-708, ISBN 1-55581-084-5 1996). The pathway of this biotin precursor in E. coli has so far been largely unknown (Lemoine et al., Mol. Microbiol. 19, 1996: 645-647). Two genes were identified with bioC and bioH, their corresponding proteins for the synthesis of Pm-CoA ver are answerable. The enzymatic function of the BioH gene products and BioC is not yet known (Lemoine et al., Mol. Micro biol. 19, 1996: 645-647, DeMoll, E., Escherichia coli and Sal monella, eds. Neidhardt, F.C. et al. ASM Press, Washington DC, USA, 1996: 704-708, ISBN 1-55581-084-5). Pm-CoA is in four further enzymatic steps converted to biotin. Except Starting with the Pm-CoA, the condensation with alanine first takes place 7-Keto-8-Amino-Pelargonic Acid (KAPA) held by BioF. It follows the conversion of KAPA to 7.8 diamino-pelargonic acid (DAPA) BioA. The next step is after an ATP-dependent carbo xylation reaction to dethiobiotin (DTB) and is by BioD ka talysed. The final step is the implementation of DTB Biotin instead. This step is catalyzed by BioB. Of the chemical and enzymatic mechanism of conversion of DTB to So far, biotin has only been incompletely understood and elucidated.
Eine Charakterisierung der Umwandlung von DTB zu Biotin wurde bisher ausschließlich in bakteriellen bzw. pflanzlichen Zellex trakten durchgeführt (WO94/8023, EP-B-0 449 724, Sanyal et al. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., Vol. 326, No. 1, 1996: 48-56 und Bio chemistry 33, 1994: 3625-3631, Baldet et al. Europ. J. Biochem. 217, 1, 1993: 479-485, Méjean et al. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., Vol. 217, No. 3, 1995: 1231 - 1237, Ohshiro et al., Bio sci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 58, 9, 1994: 1738-1741).A characterization of the conversion from DTB to biotin was made so far only in bacterial or plant cells tracts carried out (WO94 / 8023, EP-B-0 449 724, Sanyal et al. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., Vol. 326, No. 1, 1996: 48-56 and Bio chemistry 33, 1994: 3625-3631, Baldet et al. Europ. J. Biochem. 217, 1, 1993: 479-485, Méjean et al. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., Vol. 217, No. 3, 1995: 1231-1237, Ohshiro et al., Bio sci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 58, 9, 1994: 1738-1741).
In vitro Studien haben gezeigt, daß niedermolekulare Faktoren wie NADPH, Cystein, Thiamin, Fe2+, Asparagin, Serin, Fruktose 1-6-bisphosphat und S-Adenosylmethionin die Synthese von Biotin stimulieren können (Ohshiro et al., Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 58, 9, 1994: 1738-1741, Birch et al., J. Biol. Chem. 270, 32, 1995: 19158-19165, Ifuku et al., Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 59, 2, 1995: 185-189, Sanyal et al. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 326, 1, 1996: 48-56).In vitro studies have shown that low molecular weight factors such as NADPH, cysteine, thiamine, Fe 2+ , asparagine, serine, fructose 1-6-bisphosphate and S-adenosylmethionine can stimulate the synthesis of biotin (Ohshiro et al., Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 58, 9, 1994: 1738-1741, Birch et al., J. Biol. Chem. 270, 32, 1995: 19158-19165, Ifuku et al., Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 59, 2, 1995: 185-189, Sanyal et al. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 326, 1, 1996: 48-56).
Neben diesen niedermolekularen Faktoren wurden weitere Proteine identifiziert, die die Synthese von Biotin aus DTB in Gegenwart von BioB stimulieren. Dabei handelt es sich um Flavodoxin und Flavodoxin-NADPH-Reduktase (Birch et al., J. Biol. Chem. 270, 32, 1995: 19158-19165, Ifuk et al., Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 59, 2, 1995: 185-189, Sanyal et al., Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 326, 1, 1996: 48-56). Weitere Proteine, die eine Stimulation der Biotinsynthese bewirken, sind die in der deutschen Anmeldung mit der Anmeldenummer 197.31274.8 (Priorität 22.7.97) beschriebe nen Gene bioS1 und bioS2.In addition to these low molecular weight factors, other proteins identified the synthesis of biotin from DTB in the presence stimulate from BioB. It is Flavodoxin and Flavodoxin NADPH reductase (Birch et al., J. Biol. Chem. 270, 32, 1995: 19158-19165, Ifuk et al., Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 59, 2, 1995: 185-189, Sanyal et al., Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 326, 1, 1996: 48-56). Other proteins that stimulate of biotin synthesis are those in the German application with the application number 197.31274.8 (priority 22.7.97) genes bioS1 and bioS2.
Über die Herkunft des Schwefels im Biotinmolekül existieren un terschiedliche Ergebnisse. Bei Untersuchungen der Biotinsynthese in Gesamtzellextrakten wurde gezeigt, daß in Gegenwart von35S- markiertem Cystein Radioaktivität in Biotin inkorporiert wurde; weder mit 35S-markiertem Methionin noch mit S-Adenosyl-Methionin konnte ein Schwefel-Einbau ins Biotinmolekül nachgewiesen werden (Ifuku et al., Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 59, 2, 1995: 184-189, Birch et al., J. Biol. Chem. 270, 32, 1995: 19158-19165).There are different results regarding the origin of the sulfur in the biotin molecule. In studies of biotin synthesis in whole cell extracts, it was shown that radioactivity was incorporated into biotin in the presence of 35 S-labeled cysteine; incorporation of sulfur into the biotin molecule was not detected either with 35 S-labeled methionine or with S-adenosyl-methionine (Ifuku et al., Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 59, 2, 1995: 184-189, Birch et al., J. Biol. Chem. 270, 32, 1995: 19158-19165).
Die für die beschriebenen Proteine kodierenden Gene bioF, bioA, bioD, und bioB sind in E. coli auf einem bidirektionalem Operon kodiert. Dieses Operon liegt zwischen der λ-attachement-site und dem uvrB Gen Locus bei ca. 17 Minuten auf dem E. coli Chromosom (Berlyn et al. 1996: 1715-1902). Auf diesem Operon sind zusätz lich noch zwei weitere Gene kodiert, von denen das eine, bioC, bereits beschriebene Funktionen in der Synthese von Pm-CoA hat, während einem offenen Leseraster hinter bioA bisher keine Funk tion zugeordnet werden konnte (WO94/8023, Otsuka et al., J. Biol. Chem. 263, 1988: 19577-85). Hoch konservierte Homologe zu den E. coli Proteinen BioF, A, D, B wurden in B. sphaericus, B. sub tilis, Syneccocystis sp. (Brown et al. Biotechnol. Genet. Eng. Rev. 9, 1991: 295- 26, Bower et al., J. Bacteriol. 175, 1996: 4122-4130, Kaneko et al., DNA Res. 3, 3, 1996: 109-136), Ar chaebakterien wie Methanococcus janaschi, Hefen wie Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Zhang et al., Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 309, 1, 1994: 29-35) oder in Pflanzen wie Arabidopsis thaliana (Baldet et al., C. R. Acad. Sci. 111, Sci. Vie. 319, 2, 1996: 99-106)) ge funden.The genes coding for the described proteins bioF, bioA, bioD, and bioB are in E. coli on a bidirectional operon encoded. This operon lies between the λ attachment site and the uvrB gene locus at about 17 minutes on the E. coli chromosome (Berlyn et al. 1996: 1715-1902). On this operon are additional encoded two more genes, one of which, bioC, has already described functions in the synthesis of Pm-CoA, so far no radio during an open reading grid behind bioA tion could be assigned (WO94 / 8023, Otsuka et al., J. Biol. Chem. 263, 1988: 19577-85). Highly conserved homologues to the E. coli proteins BioF, A, D, B were found in B. sphaericus, B. sub tilis, Syneccocystis sp. (Brown et al. Biotechnol. Genet. Eng. Rev. 9, 1991: 295-26, Bower et al., J. Bacteriol. 175, 1996: 4122-4130, Kaneko et al., DNA Res. 3, 3, 1996: 109-136), Ar chaebacteria such as Methanococcus janaschi, yeasts such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Zhang et al., Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 309, 1, 1994: 29-35) or in plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana (Baldet et al., C.R. Acad. Sci. 111, Sci. Vie. 319, 2, 1996: 99-106)) ge find.
Die Synthese von Pm-CoA scheint in den beiden bisher untersuchten gram-positiven Mikroorganismen anders zu verlaufen als in E.The synthesis of Pm-CoA appears to have been investigated in the two previously examined Gram-positive microorganisms run differently than in E.
coli. Es konnten keine Homologen von bioH und bioC gefunden wer den (Brown et al. Biotechnol. Genet. Eng. Rev. 9, 1991: 295-326).coli. No homologs of bioH and bioC were found den (Brown et al. Biotechnol. Genet. Eng. Rev. 9, 1991: 295-326).
Biotin ist eine optisch aktive Substanz mit drei Chiralitätszen tren. Es wird bisher wirtschaftlich nur über eine vielstufige, teure chemische Synthese hergestellt werden.Biotin is an optically active substance with three chirality cycles tren. So far, it has only been economically expensive chemical synthesis.
Alternativ zu dieser chemischen Synthese wurde eine Vielzahl von Versuchen unternommen, ein fermentatives Verfahren zur Herstel lung von Biotin mit Mikroorganismen aufzubauen. Durch Klonierung des Biotin-Operons auf multi-copy-Plasmide konnte die Biotinsynt hese in den mit diesen Genen transformierten Mikroorganismen er höht werden. Eine weitere Erhöhung der Biotinsynthese wurde durch die Deregulierung der Biotingenexpression über die Selektion von birA-Mutanten erreicht (Pai C. H., J. Bacteriol. 112, 1972: 1280-1287). Die Kombination beider Ansätze, das heißt die Expression der Plasmid-kodierten Biosynthesegene in einem regulationsdefi zienten Stamm (EP-B-0 236 429), brachte eine weitere Steigerung der Produktivität. Das Biotin-Operon kann dabei entweder unter Kontrolle seines nativen bidirektionalem Promotors verbleiben (EP-B-0 236 429), oder seine Gene können unter die Kontrolle ei nes extern regulierbaren Promotors gebracht werden (WO94/08023).As an alternative to this chemical synthesis, a variety of Tried to produce a fermentative process build up biotin with microorganisms. By cloning of the biotin operon on multi-copy plasmids, the biotin synt he said in the microorganisms transformed with these genes be raised. A further increase in biotin synthesis was achieved by deregulation of biotin expression via the selection of birA mutants achieved (Pai C.H. J. Bacteriol. 112, 1972: 1280-1287). The combination of both approaches, that is, expression the plasmid-encoded biosynthesis genes in a regulations defi cient strain (EP-B-0 236 429), brought a further increase of productivity. The biotin operon can either be under Control of its native bidirectional promoter remains (EP-B-0 236 429), or its genes can be controlled an externally adjustable promoter can be brought (WO94 / 08023).
Durch die bisher verfolgten Ansätze zur fermentativen Herstellung von Biotin in E. coli konnte keine wirtschaftlich ausreichende Produktivität erreicht werden.Through the approaches pursued so far for fermentative production of biotin in E. coli could not be economically sufficient Productivity can be achieved.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung war es, ein technisches, fer mentatives Verfahren zur Herstellung von Biotin zu entwickeln, daß eine möglichst hohe Biotinsynthese zeigt.The object of the present invention was to provide a technical, fer develop a mental process for the production of biotin, that shows the highest possible biotin synthesis.
Diese Aufgabe wurde durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zur Her stellung von Biotin, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man ein S-Adeno syl-Methionin-Synthase(SAM-Synthase)-Gen mit der Sequenz SEQ ID No. 1 und mindestens ein weiteres Biotin Biosynthesegen bioS1, bioS2 oder bioS3 mit den Sequenzen SEQ ID No. 3, SEQ ID No. 5 und SEQ ID No. 7 sowie ihre funktionellen Varianten, Analoge oder De rivate in einem prokaryontischen oder eukaryontischen Wirtsorga nismus, der in der Lage ist Biotin zu synthetisieren, exprimiert, diesen züchtet und das synthetisierte Biotin direkt, nach Abtren nung der Biomasse oder nach Reinigung des Biotins verwendet, ge löst.This object was achieved by the method according to the invention position of biotin, characterized in that an S-adeno syl methionine synthase (SAM synthase) gene with the sequence SEQ ID No. 1 and at least one other biotin biosynthetic gene bioS1, bioS2 or bioS3 with the sequences SEQ ID No. 3, SEQ ID No. 5 and SEQ ID No. 7 and their functional variants, analogs or De derivatives in a prokaryotic or eukaryotic host organ expression that is able to synthesize biotin, this breeds and the synthesized biotin directly after removal used biomass or after purification of the biotin, ge solves.
Die im erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren verwendeten Gene, das SAM-Syn thase-Gen mit der Sequenz SEQ ID No. 1 und die Biotin-Biosynthe segene bioS1, bioS2 und bioS3 mit den Sequenzen SEQ ID No. 3, SEQ ID No. 5 und SEQ ID No. 7 werden in der SwissProt-Datenbank unter den "Accession"-Nummern P04384 (metK), U29581 (bioS1), P39171 (bioS2) und D90811 (bioS3) geführt. In der Datenbank sind eine Reihe von Homologen zu MetK aus E. coli beschrieben. Diese Homologe umfassen Organismen wie weitere Eubakterien (z. B. H. in fluenza, B. subtilis), wie auch Eukaryonten (z. B. Hefen: S. cere visiae, Planta: P. deltoides, Arthropoda D. melanogaster, und Mammalia: R. norvegicus).The genes used in the method according to the invention, the SAM syn thase gene with the sequence SEQ ID No. 1 and the biotin biosynthesis blessing bioS1, bioS2 and bioS3 with the sequences SEQ ID No. 3, SEQ ID No. 5 and SEQ ID No. 7 are in the SwissProt database under the "Accession" numbers P04384 (metK), U29581 (bioS1), P39171 (bioS2) and D90811 (bioS3). Are in the database described a series of homologs to MetK from E. coli. This Homologs include organisms such as other eubacteria (e.g. H. in fluenza, B. subtilis), as well as eukaryotes (e.g. yeasts: S. cere visiae, Planta: P. deltoides, Arthropoda D. melanogaster, and Mammalia: R. norvegicus).
Durch Expression einer oder mehrerer des SAM-Synthase-Gens mit der Sequenz SEQ ID No. 1, seiner funktionellen Varianten, Analoge oder Derivate in Kombination mit mindestens einem der Biotinsy thesegene bioS1, bioS2 oder bioS3 mit den Sequenzen SEQ ID No. 3, SEQ ID No. 5 und SEQ ID No. 7 sowie deren funktionelle Varianten, Analoge oder Derivate in einem prokaryontischen oder eukaryonti schen Wirtsorganismus läßt sich die Produktivität der Biotinbio synthese deutlich steigern. Bevorzugt wird wird eine Kombination von SAM-Synthase-Gen und bios1 zur Expression verwendet. Vorteil hafterweise wird für eine gesteigerte Biotinsynthese gleichzeitig mindestens ein weiteres Biotingen ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bioA, bioB, bioF, bioC, bioD, bioH, bioP, biow, bioX, bioY oder bioR mit exprimiert. Durch die Expression der Gene wird die Synthese von Biotin um mindestens den Faktor 2 gegenüber der Kontrolle ohne diese Gene, bevorzugt um einen Faktor größer 3, gesteigert. By expressing one or more of the SAM synthase gene with of the sequence SEQ ID No. 1, its functional variants, analogs or derivatives in combination with at least one of the Biotinsy thesegene bioS1, bioS2 or bioS3 with the sequences SEQ ID No. 3, SEQ ID No. 5 and SEQ ID No. 7 and their functional variants, Analogs or derivatives in a prokaryotic or eukaryotic The host organism can be the productivity of biotin bio significantly increase synthesis. A combination is preferred of SAM synthase gene and bios1 used for expression. Advantage fortunately, for an increased biotin synthesis at the same time at least one further bio-gene selected from the group bioA, bioB, bioF, bioC, bioD, bioH, bioP, biow, bioX, bioY or bioR with expressed. The expression of the genes is the synthesis of biotin by at least a factor of 2 compared to the control without these genes, preferably increased by a factor greater than 3.
Nach Isolierung und Sequenzierung sind die im erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren verwendeten Gene, das SAM-Synthase-Gen mit der Nukleo tidsequenz SEQ ID No. 1, das bioS1 Gen mit der Nukleotidsequenz SEQ ID No. 3, das bioS2 Gen mit der Nukleotidsequenz SEQ ID No. 5 und das bioS3 Gen mit der Nukleotidsequenz SEQ ID No. 7 erhält lich, die für die in SEQ ID NO: 2, respektive SEQ ID No. 4, re spektive SEQ ID No. 6 und SEQ ID No. 8 angegebenen Aminosäurese quenzen oder deren Allelvariationen kodieren. Unter Varianten sind SEQ ID No. 1-, SEQ ID No. 3- bzw. SEQ ID No. 5, respektive SEQ ID No. 7-Varianten zu verstehen, die 30 bis 100% Homologie auf Aminosäureebene, bevorzugt 50 bis 100%, ganz besonders bevorzugt 80 bis 100% aufweisen. Allelvarianten umfassen insbesondere funktionelle Varianten, die durch Deletion, Insertion oder Sub stitution von Nukleotiden aus den in SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID No. 3, SEQ ID No. 5 und SEQ ID No. 7 dargestellten Sequenzen erhältlich sind, wobei die enzymatische Aktivität aber erhalten bleibt.After isolation and sequencing, the are in the invention Methods used genes, the SAM synthase gene with the nucleo tide sequence SEQ ID No. 1, the bioS1 gene with the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID No. 3, the bioS2 gene with the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID No. 5 and the bioS3 gene with the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID No. 7 receives Lich for those in SEQ ID NO: 2 or SEQ ID No. 4, right spotting scopes SEQ ID No. 6 and SEQ ID No. 8 indicated amino acid sequences or encode their allelic variations. Under variants are SEQ ID No. 1-, SEQ ID No. 3- or SEQ ID No. 5, or SEQ ID No. 7 variants to understand the 30 to 100% homology Amino acid level, preferably 50 to 100%, very particularly preferred Have 80 to 100%. Allelic variants include in particular functional variants that are created by deletion, insertion or sub substitution of nucleotides from the in SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID No. 3, SEQ ID No. 5 and SEQ ID No. 7 sequences shown available are, but the enzymatic activity is retained.
Weiterhin sind unter Varianten auch funktionelle Äquivalente der Gene wie die O-Acetyl-serinsulfohydrolase A, die O-Acetyl-serin sulfohydrolase B, die β-Cystathionase (siehe Flint et al., J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 271, 1996: 16053- 16067) oder nifS und seine prokaryontischen und eukaryontischen Homologen beispielsweise aus Klebsiella, Candida, Hefen oder aus Caenorhabditis zu verstehen, die in der Lage sind die enzymatische Aktivität von bioS1, bioS2 oder bioS3 in der Biotinsynthese zu übernehmen.Functional equivalents of the are also among variants Genes like O-acetyl-serine sulfohydrolase A, O-acetyl-serine sulfohydrolase B, the β-cystathionase (see Flint et al., J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 271, 1996: 16053-16067) or nifS and its prokaryotic and eukaryotic homologues, for example To understand Klebsiella, Candida, yeast or from Caenorhabditis, which are capable of the enzymatic activity of bioS1, bioS2 or to adopt bioS3 in biotin synthesis.
Unter funktionellen Analogen von SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 5 und SEQ ID No. 7 sind beispielsweise ihre prokaryon tischen oder eukaryontischen Homologen wie bakterielle, pilzli che, pflanzliche, tierische oder menschliche Homologen zu verste hen. Unter Analogen sind weiterhin auch verkürzte Sequenzen, Ein zelstrang-DNA oder RNA der codierenden und nichtcodierenden DNA- Sequenz zu verstehen.Among functional analogs of SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 5 and SEQ ID No. 7 are for example their prokaryon table or eukaryotic homologues such as bacterial, fungal to understand vegetable, animal or human homologues hen. Shortened sequences, Ein, are also among analogues cell strand DNA or RNA of the coding and non-coding DNA Understand sequence.
Derivate sind beispielsweise Promotorvarianten zu verstehen. Die Promotoren, die den angegebenen Nukleotidsequenzen vorgeschalten sind, können durch ein oder mehrere Nukleotidaustausche, durch Insertion(en) und/oder Deletion(en) verändert sein, ohne daß aber die Funktionalität bzw. Wirksamkeit der Promotoren beeinträchtigt wird. Des weiteren können die Promotoren durch Veränderung ihrer Sequenz in ihrer Wirksamkeit erhöht oder komplett durch wirksa mere Promotoren auch artfremder Organismen ausgetauscht werden.Derivatives are understood to mean, for example, promoter variants. The Promoters that precede the specified nucleotide sequences through one or more nucleotide exchanges Insertion (s) and / or deletion (s) can be changed without the functionality or effectiveness of the promoters is impaired becomes. Furthermore, the promoters can by changing their Sequence increased in effectiveness or completely by effective Promoters of other organisms can also be exchanged.
Unter Derivaten sind auch Varianten zu verstehen, deren Nukleo tidsequenz im Bereich von -1 bis -30 vor dem Startkodon so verän dert wurden, daß die Genexpression und/oder die Proteinexpression erhöht wird. Vorteilhafterweise geschieht dies durch eine verän derte Shine-Dalgarno-Sequenz.Derivatives are also to be understood as variants whose nucleos tid sequence in the range from -1 to -30 before the start codon were changed that the gene expression and / or the protein expression is increased. This is advantageously done by a change last Shine-Dalgarno sequence.
Als prokaryontische Wirtsorganismen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfah rens kommen prinzipiell alle Biotin synthetisierenden gram-nega tiven oder gram-positiven Bakterien in Frage. Als gram-negative Bakterien seien beispielhaft Enterobacteriaceae wie die Gattungen Escherichia, Aerobacter, Enterobacter, Citrobacter, Shigella, Klebsiella, Serratia, Erwinia oder Salmonella, Pseudomonadaceae wie die Gattungen Pseudomonas, Xanthomonas, Burkholderia, Gluco nobacter, Nitrosomonas, Nitrobacter, Methanomonas, Comamonas, Cellulomonas oder Acetobacter, Azotobacteraceae wie die Gattungen Azotobacter, Azomonas, Beijerinckia oder Derxia, Neisseriaceae wie die Gattungen Moraxella, Acinetobacter, Kingella, Neisseria oder Branhamella, die Rhizobiaceae wie die Gattungen Rhizobium oder Agrobacterium oder die gram-negativen Gattungen Zymomonas, Chromobacterium oder Flavobacterium, genannt. Als gram-positive Bakterien seien beispielhaft die Endosporen-bildenden gram-posi tiven aeroben oder anaeroben Bakterien wie die Gattungen Bacil lus, Sporolactobacillus oder Clostridium, die coryneformen Bakte rien wie die Gattungen Arthrobacter, Cellulomonas, Curtobacte rium, Corynebacterium, Brevibacterium, Microbacterium oder Kurt hia, die Actinomycetales wie die Gattungen Mycobacterium, Rhodo coccus, Streptomyces oder Nocardia, die Lactobacillaceae wie die Gattungen Lactobacillus oder Lactococcus, die gram-positiven Kok ken wie die Gattungen Micrococcus oder Staphylococcus, genannt.As prokaryotic host organisms of the process according to the invention In principle, all gram-nega synthesizing biotin come positive or gram-positive bacteria. As grief-negative Bacteria are exemplary Enterobacteriaceae like the genera Escherichia, Aerobacter, Enterobacter, Citrobacter, Shigella, Klebsiella, Serratia, Erwinia or Salmonella, Pseudomonadaceae like the genera Pseudomonas, Xanthomonas, Burkholderia, Gluco nobacter, Nitrosomonas, Nitrobacter, Methanomonas, Comamonas, Cellulomonas or Acetobacter, Azotobacteraceae like the genera Azotobacter, Azomonas, Beijerinckia or Derxia, Neisseriaceae like the genera Moraxella, Acinetobacter, Kingella, Neisseria or Branhamella, the Rhizobiaceae like the genera Rhizobium or Agrobacterium or the gram-negative genera Zymomonas, Chromobacterium or Flavobacterium. As grief-positive Bacteria are the gram-posi that form endospores active aerobic or anaerobic bacteria such as the genera Bacil lus, Sporolactobacillus or Clostridium, the coryneform bacteria like the genera Arthrobacter, Cellulomonas, Curtobacte rium, Corynebacterium, Brevibacterium, Microbacterium or Kurt hia, the Actinomycetales such as the genera Mycobacterium, Rhodo coccus, Streptomyces or Nocardia, the Lactobacillaceae like that Genera Lactobacillus or Lactococcus, the gram-positive Kok like the genera Micrococcus or Staphylococcus.
Bevorzugt werden Bakterien der Gattungen Escherichia, Citrobac ter, Serratia, Klebsiella, Salmonella, Pseudomonas, Comamonas, Acinetobacter, Azotobacter, Chromobacterium, Bacillus, Clostri dium, Arthrobacter, Corynebacterium, Brevibacterium, Lactococcus, Lactobacillus, Streptomyces, Rhizobium, Agrobacterium oder Sta phylococcus im erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren verwendet. Besonders bevorzugt werden Gattungen und Arten wie Escherichia coli, Citro bacter freundii, Serratia marcescens, Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas mendocina, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas muta bilis, Pseudomonas chlororaphis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Comamo nas acidovorans, Comamonas testosteroni, Acinetobacter calcoace ticus, Azotobacter vinelandii, Chromobacterium violaceum, Bacil lus subtilis, Bacillus sphaericus, Bacillus stearothermophilus, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus amyloliquefa ciens, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus thuringien sis, Arthrobacter citreus, Arthrobacter paraffineus, Corynebacte rium glutamicum, Corynebacterium primorioxydans, Corynebacterium sp., Brevibacterium ketoglutamicum, Brevibacterium linens, Brevi bacterium sp., Streptomyces lividans, Rhizobium leguminosarum oder Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Vorteilhafterweise werden Bakte rien verwendet, die schon eine erhöhte natürliche Biotinproduk tion besitzen.Bacteria of the genera Escherichia, Citrobac are preferred ter, Serratia, Klebsiella, Salmonella, Pseudomonas, Comamonas, Acinetobacter, Azotobacter, Chromobacterium, Bacillus, Clostri dium, Arthrobacter, Corynebacterium, Brevibacterium, Lactococcus, Lactobacillus, Streptomyces, Rhizobium, Agrobacterium or Sta phylococcus used in the method according to the invention. Especially genera and species such as Escherichia coli and Citro are preferred bacter freundii, Serratia marcescens, Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas mendocina, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas muta bilis, Pseudomonas chlororaphis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Comamo nas acidovorans, Comamonas testosteroni, Acinetobacter calcoace ticus, Azotobacter vinelandii, Chromobacterium violaceum, Bacil lus subtilis, Bacillus sphaericus, Bacillus stearothermophilus, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus amyloliquefa ciens, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus thuringien sis, Arthrobacter citreus, Arthrobacter paraffineus, Corynebacte rium glutamicum, Corynebacterium primorioxydans, Corynebacterium sp., Brevibacterium ketoglutamicum, Brevibacterium linens, Brevi bacterium sp., Streptomyces lividans, Rhizobium leguminosarum or Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Bacts are advantageous used that already has an increased natural biotin product own.
Die taxonomische Stellung der aufgeführten Gattungen unterlag in den letzten Jahren einem starken Wandel und befindet sich noch immer im Fluß, da falsche Gattungs- und Artnamen korrigiert wer den. Aufgrund dieser in der Vergangenheit häufig erforderlichen taxonomischen Umgruppierungen der genannten Gattungen innerhalb der bakteriellen Systematik sind auch andere als die oben genann ten Familien, Gattungen und Arten für das erfindungsgemäße Ver fahren geeignet.The taxonomic position of the genera listed was subject to a great change in recent years and is still always in the river, because wrong genus and species names are corrected the. Because of this often required in the past taxonomic regrouping of the genera mentioned within The bacterial system is also different from that mentioned above families, genera and species for the ver invention drive suitable.
Als eukaryontische Wirtsorganismen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfah rens kommen prinzipiell alle Biotin synthetisierenden Organismen in Frage wie Pilze, Hefen, Pflanzen oder pflanzliche Zellen. Als Hefen seien die Gattungen Rhodotorula, Yarrowia, Sporobolomyces, Saccharomyces oder Schizosaccharomyces bevorzugt genannt. Beson ders bevorzugt sind die Gattungen und Arten Rhodotorula rubra, Rhodotorula glutinis, Rhodotorula graminis, Yarrowia lipolytica, Sporobolomyces salmonicolor, Sporobolomyces shibatanus oder Sac charomyces cerevisiae.As eukaryotic host organisms of the process according to the invention In principle, all biotin synthesizing organisms come like mushrooms, yeasts, plants or plant cells. As Yeasts are the genera Rhodotorula, Yarrowia, Sporobolomyces, Saccharomyces or Schizosaccharomyces are preferred. Especially the genera and species Rhodotorula rubra are preferred, Rhodotorula glutinis, Rhodotorula graminis, Yarrowia lipolytica, Sporobolomyces salmonicolor, Sporobolomyces shibatanus or Sac charomyces cerevisiae.
Als Wirtsorganismus können prinzipiell alle Pflanzen verwendet werden, bevorzugt werden Pflanzen, die in der Tierernährung oder in der humanen Ernährung eine Rolle spielen wie Mais, Weizen, Gerste, Roggen, Kartoffeln, Erbsen, Bohnen, Sonnenblumen, Palmen, Hirse, Sesam, Kopra oder Raps. Auch Pflanzen wie Arabidopsis tha liana oder Lavendula vera sind geeignet. Besonders bevorzugt wer den pflanzliche Zellkulturen, Protoplasten aus Pflanzen oder Ka luskulturen.In principle, all plants can be used as the host organism Plants that are used in animal nutrition or play a role in human nutrition like corn, wheat, Barley, rye, potatoes, peas, beans, sunflowers, palm trees, Millet, sesame, copra or rapeseed. Plants such as Arabidopsis tha liana or lavendula vera are suitable. Particularly preferred who the plant cell cultures, protoplasts from plants or Ka cultures.
Vorteilhafterweise werden im erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren Mikroor ganismen wie Bakterien, Pilze, Hefen oder pflanzliche Zellen ver wendet, die in der Lage sind Biotin in das Anzuchtsmedium auszu scheiden und die gegebenenfalls zusätzlich schon eine erhöhte na türliche Biotinsynthese haben. Vorteilhafterweise können diese Organismen noch bezüglich der Regulation ihrer Biotinbiosynthese defekt sein, das heißt es findet keine oder nur eine sehr verrin gerte Regulation der Synthese statt. Dieser Regulationsdefekt hat zur Folge, daß diese Organismen schon eine wesentlich höhere Bio tinproduktivität besitzen. Ein solcher Regulationsdefekt ist bei spielsweise von Escherichia coli als birA-Defektmutanten bekannt und sollte vorzugsweise in Form eines durch äußere Einflüsse in duzierbaren Defektes, beispielsweise temperaturinduzierbar, in den Zellen vorhanden sein. Es können im Prinzip auch Organismen verwendet werden, die keine natürliche Biotinproduktion aufwei sen, nachdem sie mit den Biotingenen transformiert wurden. Microor are advantageously used in the method according to the invention ganisms such as bacteria, fungi, yeast or plant cells uses that are able to release biotin into the growth medium divorce and which may also have an increased na natural biotin synthesis. These can advantageously Organisms still regulate their biotin biosynthesis be defective, that is, it finds none or only a very small one Regulation of synthesis takes place. This regulatory defect has the consequence that these organisms already have a much higher bio possess tin productivity. Such a regulatory defect is in known for example from Escherichia coli as birA defect mutants and should preferably be in the form of external influences inducible defect, for example temperature inducible, in be present in the cells. In principle, organisms can also be used that have no natural biotin production after being transformed with the biotin genes.
Um die Biotinproduktivität insgesamt weiter zu steigern sollten die Organismen im erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren vorteilhafterweise zusätzlich mindesten ein weiteres Biotingen ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bioA, bioB, bioF, bioC, bioD, bioH, bioP, biow, bioX, bioY oder bioR enthalten. Vorteilhafterweise können auch solche Gene in Kombination mit der Sequenz SEQ ID No. 1 , der SEQ ID NO: 3, der SEQ ID No. 5 oder der SEQ ID NO. 7 und ihrer Kombinationen in der Zelle vorhanden sein, die die Biotinsynthese stimulieren. Gene die die Biotinsynthese stimmulieren sind z. B. das Flavore doxin-Gen, die Flavoredoxin-Reduktase-Gen. Dieses zusätzliche Gen oder diese zusätzlichen Gene können wie auch die Gene mit der Se quenz SEQ ID No. 1 , der SEQ ID NO. 3, SEQ ID No. 5 oder der SEQ ID NO. 7 oder deren Kombinationen in ein oder mehreren Kopien in der Zelle vorhanden sein. Sie können auf dem gleichen Vektor wie die Sequenz SEQ ID No. 1, SEQ ID NO. 3, SEQ ID No. 5 und/oder SEQ ID No. 7 lokalisiert sein oder auf getrennten Vektoren oder aber chromosomal integriert worden sein. Auch die Sequenzen SEQ ID No. 1, SEQ ID No. 3, SEQ ID No. 5 und/oder SEQ ID No. 7 können zu sammen auf einem Vektor oder auf getrennten Vektoren sein oder ins Genom inseriert werden.To further increase overall biotin productivity the organisms in the process according to the invention advantageously additionally at least one other bio gene selected from the Group bioA, bioB, bioF, bioC, bioD, bioH, bioP, biow, bioX, bioY or contain bioR. Such genes can also advantageously be used in combination with the sequence SEQ ID No. 1, the SEQ ID NO: 3, the SEQ ID No. 5 or SEQ ID NO. 7 and their combinations in of the cell that stimulate biotin synthesis. Genes that stimulate biotin synthesis are e.g. B. the Flavore doxin gene, the flavoredoxin reductase gene. This additional gene or these additional genes, like the genes with the Se quenz SEQ ID No. 1, the SEQ ID NO. 3, SEQ ID No. 5 or the SEQ ID NO. 7 or their combinations in one or more copies in the Cell. You can use the same vector as that Sequence SEQ ID No. 1, SEQ ID NO. 3, SEQ ID No. 5 and / or SEQ ID No. 7 be localized or on separate vectors or have been integrated chromosomally. The sequences SEQ ID No. 1, SEQ ID No. 3, SEQ ID No. 5 and / or SEQ ID No. 7 can too be together on one vector or on separate vectors or be inserted into the genome.
Unter dem erfindungsgemäßen Genkonstrukt sind die Gensequenzen des SAM-Synthase-Gens SEQ ID No. 1 und der Biotinsynthegene SEQ ID No. 3, SEQ ID No. 5 und/oder SEQ ID No. 7, sowie deren funktio nelle Varianten, Analoge oder Derivate zu verstehen, die mit ei nem oder mehreren Regulationssignalen zur Erhöhung der Genexpres sion funktionell verknüpft wurden. Zusätzlich zu diesen neuen Re gulationssequenzen kann die natürliche Regulation dieser Sequen zen vor den eigentlichen Strukturgenen noch vorhanden sein und gegebenenfalls genetisch verändert worden sein, so daß die natür liche Regulation ausgeschaltet und die Expression der Gene erhöht wurde. Das Genkonstrukt kann aber auch einfacher aufgebaut sein, das heißt es werden keine zusätzlichen Regulationssignale vor die Sequenzen SEQ ID No. 1, SEQ ID No. 3, SEQ ID No. 5 und/oder SEQ ID No. 7 inseriert und der natürliche Promotor mit seiner Regulation wird nicht entfernt. Statt dessen wird die natürliche Regulations sequenz so mutiert, daß keine Regulation durch Biotin mehr er folgt und die Genexpression gesteigert wird. Die Sequenzen SEQ ID No. 1, SEQ ID No. 3, SEQ ID No. 5 und/oder SEQ ID No. 7 können unter der Regulation eines Promotors oder unter der Regulation getrenn ter Promotoren liegen. Auch am 3'-Ende der DNA-Sequenzen können zusätzliche vorteilhafte regulatorische Elemente inseriert wer den. Die Gene mit den Sequenzen SEQ ID No. 1, SEQ ID No. 3, SEQ ID No. 5 oder SEQ ID No. 7 können in einer oder mehreren Kopien im Genkonstrukt enthalten sein.The gene sequences are under the gene construct according to the invention of the SAM synthase gene SEQ ID No. 1 and the biotin synthetic gene SEQ ID No. 3, SEQ ID No. 5 and / or SEQ ID No. 7, as well as their function nelle variants to understand analogs or derivatives that with ei nem or more regulatory signals to increase gene expression sion were functionally linked. In addition to these new re gulationsequences can the natural regulation of these sequences zen are still present before the actual structural genes and may have been genetically modified so that the natural regulation switched off and the expression of the genes increased has been. The gene construct can, however, also have a simpler structure, that means there are no additional regulatory signals in front of the Sequences SEQ ID No. 1, SEQ ID No. 3, SEQ ID No. 5 and / or SEQ ID No. 7 inserted and the natural promoter with its regulation will not be removed. Instead, the natural regulation sequence mutated so that he no longer regulates by biotin follows and gene expression is increased. The sequences SEQ ID No. 1, SEQ ID No. 3, SEQ ID No. 5 and / or SEQ ID No. 7 can under under the regulation of a promoter or under the regulation promoters. Also at the 3 'end of the DNA sequences who advertises additional advantageous regulatory elements the. The genes with the sequences SEQ ID No. 1, SEQ ID No. 3, SEQ ID No. 5 or SEQ ID No. 7 can be copied in one or more copies Gene construct may be included.
Vorteilhafte Regulationssequenzen für das erfindungsgemäße Ver fahren sind beispielsweise in Promotoren wie cos-, tac-, trp-, tet-, trp-tet-, lpp-, lac-, Ipp-lac-, lacIq- T7-, T5-, T3-, gal-, trc-, ara-, SP6-, λ-PR- oder im λ-PL-Promotor enthalten, die vorteilhafterweise in gram-negativen Bakterien Anwendung finden. Weitere vorteilhafte Regulationssequenzen sind beispielsweise in den gram-positiven Promotoren amy und SPO2, in den Hefepromotoren ADC1, MFα, AC, P-60, CYC1, GAPDH oder in den Pflanzenpromotoren CaMV/35S, SSU, OCS, lib4, usp, STLS1, B33, nos oder im Ubiquitin- oder Phaseolin-Promotor enthalten.Advantageous regulatory sequences for the method according to the invention are, for example, in promoters such as cos, tac, trp, tet, trp-tet, lpp, lac, Ipp-lac, lacI q - T7, T5, T3 -, gal-, trc-, ara-, SP6-, λ-P R - or contained in the λ-P L promoter, which are advantageously used in gram-negative bacteria. Further advantageous regulatory sequences are, for example, in the gram-positive promoters amy and SPO2, in the yeast promoters ADC1, MFα, AC, P-60, CYC1, GAPDH or in the plant promoters CaMV / 35S, SSU, OCS, lib4, usp, STLS1, B33 , nos or contained in the ubiquitin or phaseolin promoter.
Prinzipiell können alle natürlichen Promotoren mit ihren Regula tionssequenzen wie die oben genannten für das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren verwendet werden. Darüberhinaus können auch syntheti sche Promotoren vorteilhaft verwendet werden.In principle, all natural promoters can use their regulations tion sequences like those mentioned above for the invention Procedures are used. In addition, syntheti cal promoters can be used advantageously.
Im Genkonstrukt können weitere Biotingene ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bioA, bioB, bioF, bioC, bioD, bioH, bioP, bioW, bioX, bioY oder bioR in einer oder mehreren Kopien enthalten sein, die einen eigenen Promotor haben können oder aber unter der Regulation des Promotors einer der Sequenzen oder unter der Regulation des Pro motors der gesamten Sequenzen SEQ ID No. 1, SEQ ID No. 3, SEQ ID No. 5 oder SEQ ID No. 7 liegen können.In the gene construct, further biotin genes can be selected from the Group bioA, bioB, bioF, bioC, bioD, bioH, bioP, bioW, bioX, bioY or bioR can be contained in one or more copies, one can have their own promoter or under the regulation of Promoter of one of the sequences or under the regulation of the Pro motors of the entire sequences SEQ ID No. 1, SEQ ID No. 3, SEQ ID No. 5 or SEQ ID No. 7 can lie.
Das Genkonstrukt wird zur Expression in den oben genannten Wirts organismus vorteilhafterweise in einen wirtsspezifischen Vektor inseriert, der eine optimale Expression der Gene im Wirt ermög licht. Vektoren sind dem Fachmann wohl bekannt und können bei spielsweise aus dem Buch Cloning Vectors (Eds. Pouwels P. H. et al. Elsevier, Amsterdam-New York-Oxford, 1985, ISBN 0 444 904018) entnommen werden. Unter Vektoren sind außer Plasmiden auch alle anderen dem Fachmann bekannten Vektoren wie beispielsweise Pha gen, Viren, Transposons, IS-Elemente, Phasmide, Cosmide, lineare oder zirkuläre DNA zu verstehen. Diese Vektoren können autonom im Wirtsorganismus repliziert oder chromosomal repliziert werden.The gene construct is used for expression in the above-mentioned hosts organism advantageously into a host-specific vector inserted, which enables optimal expression of the genes in the host light. Vectors are well known to those skilled in the art and can be found in for example from the book Cloning Vectors (Eds. Pouwels P. H. et al. Elsevier, Amsterdam-New York-Oxford, 1985, ISBN 0 444 904018) be removed. In addition to plasmids, all vectors are also included other vectors known to the person skilled in the art such as Pha genes, viruses, transposons, IS elements, phasmids, cosmids, linear or to understand circular DNA. These vectors can be autonomous in the Host organism can be replicated or chromosomally replicated.
Unter Expressionssysteme sind die Kombination aus den oben bei spielhaft genannten Wirtsorganismen und den zu den Organismen passenden Vektoren wie Plasmide, Viren oder Phagen wie beispiels weise Plasmide mit dem RNA-Polymerase/Promoter System, die Phagen λ, Mu oder andere temperänte Phagen oder Transposons und/oder wei teren vorteilhaften regulatorischen Sequenzen zu verstehen.The expression systems are the combination of the above at host organisms and the organisms matching vectors such as plasmids, viruses or phages such as wise plasmids with the RNA polymerase / promoter system, the phages λ, Mu or other temperate phages or transposons and / or white understand other advantageous regulatory sequences.
Bevorzugt sind unter dem Begriff Expressionssysteme die Kombina tion aus Escherichia coli und seinen Plasmiden und Phagen und den dazugehörenden Promotoren sowie Bacillus und seine Plasmide und Promotoren zu verstehen. Combinations are preferred under the term expression systems tion from Escherichia coli and its plasmids and phages and the associated promoters as well as Bacillus and its plasmids and Understand promoters.
Für die vorteilhafte erfindungsgemäße Expression der SEQ ID No. 1, SEQ ID No. 3, SEQ ID No. 5 und/oder SEQ ID No. 7 sind außerdem wei tere 3' und/oder 5' Terminale regulatorische Sequenzen geeignet.For the advantageous expression according to the invention of SEQ ID No. 1, SEQ ID No. 3, SEQ ID No. 5 and / or SEQ ID No. 7 are also white Other 3 'and / or 5' terminal regulatory sequences are suitable.
Diese regulatorischen Sequenzen sollen die gezielte Expression der Biotingene und der Proteinexpression ermöglichen. Dies kann beispielsweise je nach Wirtsorganismus bedeuten, daß das Gen erst nach Induktion exprimiert oder überexprimiert wird, oder daß es sofort exprimiert und/oder überexprimiert wird.These regulatory sequences are designed to target expression enable biotin genes and protein expression. This can for example depending on the host organism mean that the gene is first is expressed or overexpressed after induction, or that it is is immediately expressed and / or overexpressed.
Die regulatorischen Sequenzen bzw. Faktoren können dabei vorzugs weise die Biotingenexpression positiv beeinflussen und dadurch erhöhen. So kann eine Verstärkung der regulatorischen Elemente vorteilhafterweise auf der Transkriptionsebene erfolgen, indem starke Transkriptionssignale wie Promotoren und/oder "Enhancer" verwendet werden. Daneben ist aber auch eine Verstärkung der Translation möglich, indem beispielsweise die Stabilität der mRNA verbessert wird.The regulatory sequences or factors can be preferred have a positive influence on biotin expression and thereby increase. This can reinforce the regulatory elements advantageously at the transcription level by strong transcription signals such as promoters and / or enhancers be used. But there is also a reinforcement of the Translation possible by, for example, the stability of the mRNA is improved.
Unter "Enhancer" sind beispielsweise DNA-Sequenzen zu verstehen, die über eine verbesserte Wechselwirkung zwischen RNA-Polymerase und DNA eine erhöhte Biotingenexpression bewirken.“Enhancers” are understood to mean, for example, DNA sequences which have an improved interaction between RNA polymerase and DNA cause an increased expression of biotin.
Eine Steigerung der von der Sequenz SEQ ID No. 1, SEQ ID No. 3, SEQ ID No. 5 und SEQ ID No. 7 abgeleiteten Proteinen (siehe SEQ ID No. 2, SEQ ID No. 4, SEQ ID No. 6 und SEQ ID No. 8) und ihrer Enzy maktivität läßt sich zum Beispiel gegenüber den Ausgangsenzymen durch Veränderung der entsprechenden Gensequenzen oder der Se quenzen seiner Homologen durch klassische Mutagenese wie UV-Be strahlung oder Behandlung mit chemischen Mutagentien und/oder durch gezielte Mutagenese wie site directed mutagenesis, Dele tion(en), Insertion(en) und/oder Substitution(en) erzielen. Auch kann eine erhöhte Enzymaktivität neben der beschriebenen Genam plifikation durch Ausschaltung von Faktoren, die die Enzymbio synthese reprimieren und/oder durch Synthese aktiver statt inak tiver Enzyme erreicht werden.An increase in the sequence SEQ ID No. 1, SEQ ID No. 3, SEQ ID No. 5 and SEQ ID No. 7 derived proteins (see SEQ ID No. 2, SEQ ID No. 4, SEQ ID No. 6 and SEQ ID No. 8) and their Enzy For example, activity can be compared to the parent enzymes by changing the corresponding gene sequences or the Se sequence of its homologues through classic mutagenesis such as UV-Be radiation or treatment with chemical mutants and / or through targeted mutagenesis such as site directed mutagenesis, Dele tion (s), insertion (s) and / or substitution (s). Also may have increased enzyme activity in addition to the genam described plification by eliminating factors that the Enzymbio Repress synthesis and / or by synthesis more active than inac tive enzymes can be achieved.
Durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren wird die Umwandlung von DTB in Biotin und damit die Biotinproduktivität insgesamt über die in die Organismen über Vektoren und/oder chromosomal klonierten ein gebrachten Biotingene mit der Sequenz SEQ ID No. 1, der SEQ ID No. 3, SEQ ID No. 5 und der SEQ ID No. 7 und der Kombinationen der Gene der Sequenz SEQ ID No. 1 und der SEQ ID No. 5 oder SEQ ID No. 1 und der SEQ ID No. 7, bevorzugterweise die Kombination der Gene der Sequenz SEQ ID No. 1 und der SEQ ID No. 3 vorteilhaft gestei gert.The process of the invention converts DTB in biotin and thus overall biotin productivity over the in the organisms were cloned in via vectors and / or chromosomally brought biotin genes with the sequence SEQ ID No. 1, the SEQ ID No. 3, SEQ ID No. 5 and SEQ ID No. 7 and the combinations of Genes of the sequence SEQ ID No. 1 and SEQ ID No. 5 or SEQ ID No. 1 and the SEQ ID No. 7, preferably the combination of the genes of the sequence SEQ ID No. 1 and SEQ ID No. 3 advantageous climbs device.
Im erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren werden die SEQ ID No. 1, SEQ ID No. 3, SEQ ID No. 5 und/oder SEQ ID No. 7 enthaltenen Mikroorganis men in einem Medium, das das Wachstum dieser Organismen ermög licht, angezüchtet. Dieses Medium kann ein synthetisches oder ein natürliches Medium sein. Je nach Organismus werden dem Fachmann bekannte Medien verwendet. Für das Wachstum der Mikroorganismen enthalten die verwendeten Medien eine Kohlenstoffquelle, eine Stickstoffquelle, anorganische Salze und gegebenenfalls geringe Mengen an Vitamine und Spurenelemente.In the method according to the invention, SEQ ID No. 1, SEQ ID No. 3, SEQ ID No. 5 and / or SEQ ID No. 7 contained microorganism in a medium that enables the growth of these organisms light, grown. This medium can be a synthetic or a be a natural medium. Depending on the organism, the specialist known media used. For the growth of the microorganisms the media used contain a carbon source, one Nitrogen source, inorganic salts and possibly minor Amounts of vitamins and trace elements.
Vorteilhafte Kohlenstoffquellen sind beispielsweise Zucker wie Mono-, Di- oder Polysaccharide wie Glucose, Fructose, Mannose, Xylose, Galactose, Ribose, Sorbose, Ribulose, Lactose, Maltose, Saccharose, Raffinose, Stärke oder Cellulose, komplexe Zucker quellen wie Melasse, Zuckerphosphate wie Fructose-1,6-bisphosp hat, Zuckeralkohole wie Mannit, Polyole wie Glycerin, Alkohole wie Methanol oder Ethanol, Carbonsäuren wie Citronensäure, Milch säure oder Essigsäure, Fette wie Sojaöl oder Rapsöl, Aminosäuren wie Glutaminsäure oder Asparaginsäure oder Aminozucker, die auch gleichzeitig als stickstoffquelle verwendet werden können.Examples of advantageous carbon sources are sugars such as Mono-, di- or polysaccharides such as glucose, fructose, mannose, Xylose, galactose, ribose, sorbose, ribulose, lactose, maltose, Sucrose, raffinose, starch or cellulose, complex sugars swell like molasses, sugar phosphates like fructose-1,6-bisphosph has, sugar alcohols such as mannitol, polyols such as glycerin, alcohols such as methanol or ethanol, carboxylic acids such as citric acid, milk acid or acetic acid, fats such as soybean oil or rapeseed oil, amino acids like glutamic acid or aspartic acid or aminosugar, which too can also be used as a nitrogen source.
Vorteilhafte Stickstoffquellen sind organische oder anorganische Stickstoffverbindungen oder Materialien, die diese Verbindungen enthalten. Beispiele sind Ammoniumsalze wie NH4Cl oder (NH4)2SO4, Nitrate, Harnstoff, oder komplexe Stickstoffquellen wie Maisquell wasser, Bierhefeautolysat, Sojabohnenmehl, Weizengluten, Hefeex trakt, Fleischextrakt, Caseinhydrolysat, Hefe oder Kartoffelpro tein, die häufig auch gleichzeitig als Stickstoffquelle dienen können.Advantageous nitrogen sources are organic or inorganic nitrogen compounds or materials that contain these compounds. Examples are ammonium salts such as NH 4 Cl or (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , nitrates, urea, or complex nitrogen sources such as corn steep liquor, beer yeast autolysate, soybean meal, wheat gluten, yeast extract, meat extract, casein hydrolyzate, yeast or potato protein, which are often also used simultaneously Nitrogen source can serve.
Beispiele für anorganische Salze sind die Salze von Calcium, Ma gnesium, Natrium, Mangan, Kalium, Zink, Kupfer und Eisen. Als An ion dieser Salze sind besonders das Chlor-, Sulfat- und Phospha tion zu nennen. Ein wichtiger Faktor zur Steigerung der Produkti vität im erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren ist der Zusatz von Fe2+- oder Fe3+-Salzen und/oder Kaliumsalzen zum Produktionsmedium.Examples of inorganic salts are the salts of calcium, magnesium, sodium, manganese, potassium, zinc, copper and iron. The chlorine, sulfate and phosphate ion are particularly worth mentioning as the ion of these salts. An important factor to increase in productivity to the novel process is the addition of Fe 2+ - or Fe 3+ salts and / or potassium salts to the production medium.
Gegebenenfalls werden dem Nährmedium weitere Wachstumsfaktoren zugesetzt, wie beispielsweise Vitamine oder Wachstumsförderer wie Riboflavin, Thiamin, Folsäure, Nicotinsäure, Pantothenat oder Py ridoxin, Aminosäuren wie Alanin, Cystein, Asparagin, Asparagin säure, Glutamin, Serin, Methonin oder Lysin, Carbonsäuren wie Ci tronensäure, Ameisensäure, Pimelinsäure oder Milchsäure, oder Substanzen wie Dithiothreitol. If necessary, further growth factors become the nutrient medium added, such as vitamins or growth promoters such as Riboflavin, thiamine, folic acid, nicotinic acid, pantothenate or Py ridoxin, amino acids such as alanine, cysteine, asparagine, asparagine acid, glutamine, serine, methonine or lysine, carboxylic acids such as Ci tronic acid, formic acid, pimelic acid or lactic acid, or Substances such as dithiothreitol.
Zur Stabilisierung der Vektoren mit den Biotingenen in den Zellen können gegebenenfalls Antibiotika dem Medium zugesetzt werden.To stabilize the vectors with the biotin genes in the cells antibiotics can optionally be added to the medium.
Das Mischungsverhältnis der genannten Nährstoffe hängt von der Art der Fermentation ab und wird im Einzelfall festgelegt. Die Mediumkomponenten können alle zu Beginn der Fermentation vorge legt werden, nachdem sie falls erforderlich getrennt sterilisiert oder gemeinsam sterilisiert wurden, oder aber je nach Bedarf wäh rend der Fermentation nachgegeben werden.The mixing ratio of the nutrients mentioned depends on the Type of fermentation and is determined in individual cases. The Medium components can all be pre-selected at the start of the fermentation after being sterilized separately if necessary or have been sterilized together, or selected as required be given during the fermentation.
Die Züchtungsbedingungen werden so festgelegt, daß die Organismen optimal wachsen und daß die bestmöglichen Ausbeuten erreicht wer den. Bevorzugte Züchtungstemperaturen liegen bei 15°C bis 40°C. Besonders vorteilhaft sind Temperaturen zwischen 25°C und 37°C. Vorzugsweise wird der pH-Wert in einem Bereich von 3 bis 9 fest gehalten. Besonders vorteilhaft sind pH-Werte zwischen 5 und 8. Im allgemeinen ist eine Inkubationsdauer von 8 bis 240 Stunden bevorzugt von 8 bis 120 Stunden ausreichend. Innerhalb dieser Zeit reichert sich die maximale Menge an Biotin im Medium an und/oder ist nach Aufschluß der Zellen verfügbar.The breeding conditions are determined so that the organisms grow optimally and that the best possible yields are achieved the. Preferred cultivation temperatures are 15 ° C to 40 ° C. Temperatures between 25 ° C and 37 ° C are particularly advantageous. The pH value is preferably fixed in a range from 3 to 9 held. PH values between 5 and 8 are particularly advantageous. Generally the incubation period is 8 to 240 hours preferably sufficient from 8 to 120 hours. Within that time the maximum amount of biotin accumulates in the medium and / or is available after the cells are disrupted.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zur Herstellung von Biotin kann kontinuierlich oder batch- oder fed-batch-weise durchgeführt wer den. Werden aus den mit den Biotingenen transformierten Pflanzen zellen ganze Pflanzen regeneriert, so können diese nach dem er findungsgemäßen Verfahren ganz normal angezüchtet und vermehrt werden.The method according to the invention for the production of biotin can who is carried out continuously or batch or fed-batch-wise the. Become from the plants transformed with the biotin genes cells whole plants regenerated, so they can after the Processes according to the invention are grown and propagated as normal become.
Das Gen, das für SAM-Synthase (metK) kodiert, wurde aus dem Chro mosom von E. coli durch eine Polymerase-Kettenreaktion mit Hilfe zweier spezifischer Oligonukleotide ausgehend von genomischer E. coli DNA amplifiziert. Die derart amplifizierte DNA wurde aufge reinigt, mit dem Restriktionsenzym Acc65I verdaut und in einen mit dem gleichen Enzym geschnittenen Vektor inseriert, der eine Überexpression des Gens in E. coli Stämmen ermöglicht. Durch ei nes der beiden Oligonukleotide wurde das Genkonstrukt mit oti mierten Translationssignalen versehenThe gene encoding SAM synthase (metK) was extracted from the chro E. coli mosome by using a polymerase chain reaction two specific oligonucleotides based on genomic E. coli DNA amplified. The DNA amplified in this way was loaded purifies, digested with the restriction enzyme Acc65I and into one inserted with the same enzyme cut vector, the one Enables overexpression of the gene in E. coli strains. By egg nes of the two oligonucleotides was the gene construct with oti mated translation signals
metK soll als Expressionskassette bestehend aus einer ribosomalen Bindungstelle, dem Startkodon der kodierenden Sequenz und dem Stopkodon zwischen zwei Erkennungsstellen für Restriktionsenzyme amplifiziert werden. Für beide Restriktionsschnittstellen wurde die Erkennungssequenz von Acc65I gewählt. Das metK Gen wurde mit Hilfe der Oligonucleotide PmetK1 (5,-GCGGTACCAGGTGATATTAAATATG GCAAAAC-3') und PmetK2 (5'-CGGGTACCGATTACTTCAGACCGGCAGC-3') am plifiziert und kloniert.metK is said to be an expression cassette consisting of a ribosomal Binding site, the start codon of the coding sequence and the Stop codon between two restriction enzyme recognition sites be amplified. For both restriction sites selected the Acc65I recognition sequence. The metK gene was created with Using the oligonucleotides PmetK1 (5, -GCGGTACCAGGTGATATTAAATATG GCAAAAC-3 ') and PmetK2 (5'-CGGGTACCGATTACTTCAGACCGGCAGC-3') on plicated and cloned.
Als Matrize wurden 0,5 µg chromosomale DNA von E. coli W3110 ver wendet. Die Oligonukleotide PmetK1 und PmetK2 wurden in einer Konzentration von je 15 pMol eingesetzt. Die Konzentration an dNTP's betrug 200 µM. Als Polymerase wurden 2,5 U Pwo DNA-Polyme rase (Boehringer Mannheim) im Reaktionspuffer des Herstellers eingesetzt. Das Volumen der PCR-Reaktion betrug 100 µl.0.5 µg of chromosomal DNA from E. coli W3110 were used as the template turns. The oligonucleotides PmetK1 and PmetK2 were in one Concentration of 15 pmoles used. The concentration on dNTP's was 200 µM. 2.5 U Pwo DNA polymer were used as polymerase rase (Boehringer Mannheim) in the manufacturer's reaction buffer used. The volume of the PCR reaction was 100 µl.
Die Denaturierung der DNA erfolgte für 2 min bei 94°C. Anschlie ßend wurden die Oligonukleotide für 30 sec bei 55°C angelagert. Die Elongation erfolgte für 75 sec bei 72°C. Die PCR-Reaktion wurde über 30 Zyklen durchgeführt.The DNA was denatured at 94 ° C. for 2 min. Then The oligonucleotides were attached at 55 ° C. for 30 seconds. The elongation was carried out for 75 seconds at 72 ° C. The PCR reaction was performed over 30 cycles.
Das erhaltene DNA-Produkt mit einer Größe von ca. 1145 bp wurde aufgereinigt und durch Acc65I im geeigneten Puffer verdaut.The DNA product obtained was approximately 1145 bp in size purified and digested in a suitable buffer by Acc65I.
2 µg des Vektors pHS1 (Konstruktion wurde in DE 197.31274.8, Priorität 22.7.97, Beispiele 1. Seite 14 bis 17 beschrieben) wur den durch Acc65I verdaut und durch Shrimp Alkalische Phosphatase (SAP) (Boehringer Mannheim) dephosphoryliert. Nach Denaturierung der SAP wurden Vektor und Fragment in einem molaren Verhältnis von 1 : 3 durch den Rapid-DNA-Ligation Kit nach der Vorschrift des Herstellers ligiert. Die Transformation des Ligationsansatzes er folgte in den Stamm E. coli XL-1-blue. Positive Klone wurden durch Plasmidpräparation und Restriktionsanalyse identifiziert. Die richtige Orientierung des MetK-Fragments in pHS1 wurde durch Re striktionsverdau und Sequenzierung bestimmt. Das erhaltene Kon strukt wurde pHS1 metK (Fig. 1) genannt. Die Sequenz von pHS1 metK ist SEQ ID No. 9 zu entnehmen. SEQ ID No. 10 zeigt die abge leitete Aminosäuresequenz der codierenden Region für metK. 2 µg of the vector pHS1 (construction was described in DE 197.31274.8, priority 22.7.97, examples 1. page 14 to 17) were digested by Acc65I and dephosphorylated by Shrimp Alkaline Phosphatase (SAP) (Boehringer Mannheim). After the SAP had been denatured, the vector and fragment were ligated in a molar ratio of 1: 3 using the Rapid DNA ligation kit according to the manufacturer's instructions. The transformation of the ligation approach he followed into the strain E. coli XL-1-blue. Positive clones were identified by plasmid preparation and restriction analysis. The correct orientation of the MetK fragment in pHS1 was determined by restriction digestion and sequencing. The resulting construct was called pHS1 metK ( Fig. 1). The sequence of pHS1 metK is SEQ ID No. 9 can be seen. SEQ ID No. Figure 10 shows the deduced amino acid sequence of the coding region for metK.
Die Konstruktion der Plasmide pHBbio14 und pHS1 bioS1 wurde be reits beschrieben (DE 197.31274.8, Priorität 22.7.97, Beispiele 1, 2 und 5).The plasmids pHBbio14 and pHS1 bioS1 were constructed already described (DE 197.31274.8, priority 22.7.97, examples 1, 2 and 5).
Die Plasmide pHS1 bioS1 [SEQ ID No. 11, (DE 197.31274.8, Priorität 22.7.97), SEQ ID No. 12 zeigt die abgeleitete Aminosäuresequenz der codierenden Region für bioS1] und pHS1 metK SEQ ID No. 9 wur den durch einen Plasmid-Präparationsmethode (Boehringer) aufge reinigt. Aus pHS1 metK wurde das metK-Gen tragende Fragment durch einen Acc65I-Verdau isoliert. pHS1 bioS1 wurde durch Acc65I ver daut, und durch Shrimp Alkalische Phosphatase (SAP) (Boehringer Mannheim) dephosphoryliert. Nach Denaturierung der SAP nach Vor schrift des Herstellers wurden Vektor und das metK Fragment in einem molaren Verhältnis von 1 : 3 durch den Rapid-DNA-Ligation Kit nach der Vorschrift des Herstellers ligiert. Die Transformation des Ligationsansatzes erfolgte in den Stamm E. coli XL-1-blue. Po sitive Klone wurden durch Plasmidpräparation und Restriktionsana lyse identifiziert. Die richtige Orientierung des metK-Fragments in pHS1 bioS1 wurde durch Restriktionsverdau und Sequenzierung bestimmt. Das erhaltene Konstrukt wurde pHS1 metK bioS1 (Fig. 2) genannt. Die Sequenz von pHS1 metK bioS1 ist SEQ ID No. 13 zu ent nehmen. SEQ ID No. 14 zeigt die abgeleitete Aminosäuresequenz der codierenden Region für metK, SEQ ID No. 15 zeigt die abgeleitete Aminosäuresequenz der codierenden Region für bioS1.The plasmids pHS1 bioS1 [SEQ ID No. 11, (DE 197.31274.8, priority 22.7.97), SEQ ID No. 12 shows the deduced amino acid sequence of the coding region for bioS1] and pHS1 metK SEQ ID No. 9 were cleaned up by a plasmid preparation method (Boehringer). The fragment bearing metK gene was isolated from pHS1 metK by Acc65I digestion. pHS1 bioS1 was digested by Acc65I and dephosphorylated by Shrimp Alkaline Phosphatase (SAP) (Boehringer Mannheim). After denaturing the SAP according to the manufacturer's instructions, the vector and the metK fragment were ligated in a molar ratio of 1: 3 using the rapid DNA ligation kit according to the manufacturer's instructions. The ligation mixture was transformed into the strain E. coli XL-1-blue. Positive clones were identified by plasmid preparation and restriction analysis. The correct orientation of the metK fragment in pHS1 bioS1 was determined by restriction digestion and sequencing. The construct obtained was called pHS1 metK bioS1 ( Fig. 2). The sequence of pHS1 metK bioS1 is SEQ ID No. 13 to remove. SEQ ID No. 14 shows the deduced amino acid sequence of the coding region for metK, SEQ ID No. Figure 15 shows the deduced amino acid sequence of the coding region for bioS1.
Vom Stamm BM4086 (Ketner und Campbell J. Molec. Biology 1975 96 : 13) wurde durch Plattieren auf Rifampycin-Platten spontan-Ri fampycin-resistente Kolonien isoliert. Von einem dieser resisten ten Stämme wurde ein P1-Lysat erzeugt. Mit diesem P1-Lysat wurde der Stamm W3110 transduziert und anschließend Klone durch Rifam pycin selektioniert. Der erhaltene Stamm mit dem Plasmid pHBbio14 nach der CaCl2-Methode transformiert (Maniatis et al. Molecular Cloning Cols Spring Harbour Laboratory Press 1989) und auf LB-Am pizillin 100 µg/ml angezogen. Der isolierte transformierte Stamm (LU5560), wurde jeweils mit dem Plasmiden pHS1, pHS1 metK, pHS1 bioS1 oder pHS1 metK bioS1 nach der CaCl2-Methode transformiert und auf LB-Agar mit Ampizillin 100 µg/ml und Kanamyzin 25 µg/ml selektioniert. From the BM4086 strain (Ketner and Campbell J. Molec. Biology 1975 96:13), spontaneously rifampycin-resistant colonies were isolated by plating on rifampycin plates. A P1 lysate was generated from one of these resistant strains. The strain W3110 was transduced with this P1 lysate and then clones were selected by Rifam pycin. The strain obtained was transformed with the plasmid pHBbio14 by the CaCl 2 method (Maniatis et al. Molecular Cloning Cols Spring Harbor Laboratory Press 1989) and grown on LB-Am pizillin 100 µg / ml. The isolated transformed strain (LU5560) was transformed with the plasmids pHS1, pHS1 metK, pHS1 bioS1 or pHS1 metK bioS1 according to the CaCl 2 method and selected on LB agar with ampicillin 100 µg / ml and kanamycin 25 µg / ml.
Je eine Kolonie der jeweiligen Transformanden wurde in einer DYT- Kultur mit dem entsprechendem Antibiotika angeimpft und für 12 h inkubiert. Die Übernachtkultur (= ÜNK) wurde eingesetzt um eine 10 ml Kultur in TB-Medium(Sambrook, J. Fritsch, E F. Maniatis, T. 2nd ed. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press., 1989 ISBN 0-87969-373-8), das 30g/l Glycerol enthält, mit den entspre chenden Antibiotika anzuimpfen. Im Fall der Gegenwart der Plas mide pHS1, pHS1 rnetK, pHS1bioS1 und pHS1 metK bioS1 erfolgte gleich zeitig der Zusatz von 1mM IPTG und 0,5% Arabinose zur Induktion der Genexpression von metK und bioS1 bzw. der Kombination beider Gene. Nach 24h Stunden wurden die Zellen vom Kulturüberstand durch Zentrifugation abgetrennt und die Biotin-Konzentration durch einen kompetitiven ELISA mit Streptavidin im Überstand be stimmt. Die Ergebnisse dieser Bestimmung sind Tabelle I zu ent nehmen.One colony each of the respective transformants was in a DYT Culture inoculated with the appropriate antibiotics and for 12 h incubated. The overnight culture (= ÜNK) was used for one 10 ml culture in TB medium (Sambrook, J. Fritsch, E F. Maniatis, T. 2nd ed. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press., 1989 ISBN 0-87969-373-8), which contains 30g / l glycerol, with the corresponding vaccinating antibiotics. In the case of the presence of the Plas mide pHS1, pHS1 rnetK, pHS1bioS1 and pHS1 metK bioS1 were the same early addition of 1mM IPTG and 0.5% arabinose for induction the gene expression of metK and bioS1 or the combination of both Genes. After 24 hours, the cells were removed from the culture supernatant separated by centrifugation and the biotin concentration by a competitive ELISA with streptavidin in the supernatant Right. The results of this determination are shown in Table I. to take.
Claims (14)
Priority Applications (8)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19806872A DE19806872A1 (en) | 1998-02-19 | 1998-02-19 | Production of biotin by expressing S-adenosyl-methionine synthase and second biotin synthesis gene in host cells |
| PCT/EP1999/001052 WO1999042591A1 (en) | 1998-02-19 | 1999-02-17 | Method for producing biotin |
| CA002321264A CA2321264A1 (en) | 1998-02-19 | 1999-02-17 | Method for producing biotin |
| EP99908923A EP1054977A1 (en) | 1998-02-19 | 1999-02-17 | Method for producing biotin |
| JP2000532531A JP2002504338A (en) | 1998-02-19 | 1999-02-17 | Method for producing biotin |
| KR1020007009100A KR20010041062A (en) | 1998-02-19 | 1999-02-17 | Method for Producing Biotin |
| IL13731099A IL137310A0 (en) | 1998-02-19 | 1999-02-17 | Method for producing biotin |
| CNB998031534A CN1210403C (en) | 1998-02-19 | 1999-02-17 | Method for producing biotin |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19806872A DE19806872A1 (en) | 1998-02-19 | 1998-02-19 | Production of biotin by expressing S-adenosyl-methionine synthase and second biotin synthesis gene in host cells |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE19806872A1 true DE19806872A1 (en) | 1999-08-26 |
Family
ID=7858233
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19806872A Withdrawn DE19806872A1 (en) | 1998-02-19 | 1998-02-19 | Production of biotin by expressing S-adenosyl-methionine synthase and second biotin synthesis gene in host cells |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1054977A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2002504338A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR20010041062A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1210403C (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2321264A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE19806872A1 (en) |
| IL (1) | IL137310A0 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1999042591A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112473700A (en) * | 2020-12-07 | 2021-03-12 | 南昌航空大学 | Preparation method and application of bismuth oxybromide/biochar composite visible-light-driven photocatalyst |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10222858A1 (en) * | 2002-05-23 | 2003-12-04 | Basf Ag | Process for the fermentative production of sulfur-containing fine chemicals |
| KR101023788B1 (en) * | 2008-04-18 | 2011-03-21 | 주식회사 콧데 | Recombinant plasmid, biotin producing bacteria transformed by the recombinant plasmid and biotin production method using the transformed biotin producing bacteria |
| AU2014233711B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2020-05-28 | Monsanto Technology Llc | Compositions and Methods for the Production and Delivery of RNA |
| CN107099497B (en) * | 2017-06-09 | 2020-08-11 | 浙江大学 | A kind of plasmid, cell and promotion method for promoting biotin synthesis |
| KR102712136B1 (en) * | 2021-11-15 | 2024-09-27 | 씨제이제일제당 (주) | Polypeptide variant having biotin synthase activity and biotin production method using the same |
| CN118956783B (en) * | 2024-10-18 | 2024-12-17 | 北京量维生物科技研究院有限公司 | Desulfur biotin synthetase mutant and its application in biotin production |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH09224690A (en) * | 1996-02-21 | 1997-09-02 | Shiseido Co Ltd | Production of biotin |
| ATE243256T1 (en) * | 1996-05-06 | 2003-07-15 | Hoffmann La Roche | FERMENTATIVE PRODUCTION OF BIOTIN |
| DE19731274A1 (en) * | 1997-07-22 | 1999-01-28 | Basf Ag | Process for the production of biotin |
-
1998
- 1998-02-19 DE DE19806872A patent/DE19806872A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1999
- 1999-02-17 CN CNB998031534A patent/CN1210403C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-02-17 JP JP2000532531A patent/JP2002504338A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-02-17 KR KR1020007009100A patent/KR20010041062A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-02-17 IL IL13731099A patent/IL137310A0/en unknown
- 1999-02-17 WO PCT/EP1999/001052 patent/WO1999042591A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1999-02-17 CA CA002321264A patent/CA2321264A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-02-17 EP EP99908923A patent/EP1054977A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112473700A (en) * | 2020-12-07 | 2021-03-12 | 南昌航空大学 | Preparation method and application of bismuth oxybromide/biochar composite visible-light-driven photocatalyst |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR20010041062A (en) | 2001-05-15 |
| CN1291232A (en) | 2001-04-11 |
| CA2321264A1 (en) | 1999-08-26 |
| JP2002504338A (en) | 2002-02-12 |
| EP1054977A1 (en) | 2000-11-29 |
| CN1210403C (en) | 2005-07-13 |
| WO1999042591A1 (en) | 1999-08-26 |
| IL137310A0 (en) | 2001-07-24 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| DE60030988T2 (en) | Process for producing L-amino acids by increasing cellular NADPH | |
| EP2356211B1 (en) | Improved production of riboflavin | |
| KR102323473B1 (en) | Coryneform bacterium transformant and method for producing 4-hydroxybenzoic acid or salt thereof used in same | |
| EP2295534A1 (en) | Novel microorganism and its use in lignocellulose detoxification | |
| KR20190090657A (en) | A microorganism of the genus Corynebacterium producing purine nucleotide and method for producing purine nucleotide using the same | |
| DE102006025821A1 (en) | An enzyme for the production of Mehylmalonatsemialdehyd or Malonatsemialdehyd | |
| FR2484448A1 (en) | PROCESS FOR PRODUCING L-ARGININE BY FERMENTATION | |
| DE112007002880T5 (en) | Process for the preparation of hydroxytyrosol | |
| DE19818541C2 (en) | Microbial production of substances from the aromatic metabolism / III | |
| CS224624B2 (en) | Method for producing 2,5-diketo-d-gluconic acid or its salts | |
| CA2075177C (en) | Process for the production os sophorosids by fermentation with continuous fatty acids ester or oil supply | |
| DE60118200T2 (en) | PREPARATION OF ASCORBIC ACID IN YEAST | |
| KR20190026851A (en) | Method for fermentative production of methionine or its hydroxy analog form by a microorganism comprising a gene encoding a sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS) | |
| DE69931162T2 (en) | METABOLICALLY MODIFIED MICROBIAL CELL WITH CHANGED METABOLITE GENERATION | |
| WO1994008023A2 (en) | Biotechnological method of producing biotin | |
| DE19806872A1 (en) | Production of biotin by expressing S-adenosyl-methionine synthase and second biotin synthesis gene in host cells | |
| WO2010075960A2 (en) | Method for producing riboflavin | |
| DE10258127A1 (en) | Process for the fermentative production of R-α-lipoic acid | |
| EP0977867B1 (en) | Method for producing biotin | |
| EP1924694B1 (en) | Method for producing amino acids using micro-organisms | |
| FR2546907A1 (en) | Riboflavin prepn. | |
| JP2570313B2 (en) | New microorganism | |
| Van Schie et al. | Selection of glucose-assimilating variants of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus LMD 79.41 in chemostat culture | |
| DE60313340T2 (en) | MICROORGANISM AND PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF VITAMIN B6 | |
| JPH08163992A (en) | Production of epsilon-poly-l-lysine |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8130 | Withdrawal |