DE19750128A1 - Copper-containing layer used as microbicide in surface coatings - Google Patents
Copper-containing layer used as microbicide in surface coatingsInfo
- Publication number
- DE19750128A1 DE19750128A1 DE1997150128 DE19750128A DE19750128A1 DE 19750128 A1 DE19750128 A1 DE 19750128A1 DE 1997150128 DE1997150128 DE 1997150128 DE 19750128 A DE19750128 A DE 19750128A DE 19750128 A1 DE19750128 A1 DE 19750128A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- copper
- evaporator
- coated
- lacquer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 230000003641 microbiacidal effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 229940124561 microbicide Drugs 0.000 title claims 2
- 239000002855 microbicide agent Substances 0.000 title claims 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004532 chromating Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001879 copper Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920005749 polyurethane resin Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 235000019645 odor Nutrition 0.000 description 16
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000035943 smell Effects 0.000 description 9
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 7
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008447 perception Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu2+ Chemical compound [Cu+2] JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001925 catabolic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001431 copper ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002538 fungal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002207 metabolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000005706 microflora Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002085 persistent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035807 sensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019615 sensations Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019613 sensory perceptions of taste Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035923 taste sensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H3/00—Other air-treating devices
- B60H3/0085—Smell or pollution preventing arrangements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00321—Heat exchangers for air-conditioning devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H3/00—Other air-treating devices
- B60H3/06—Filtering
- B60H3/0658—Filter elements specially adapted for their arrangement in vehicles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/02—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material
- C23C28/023—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material only coatings of metal elements only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
- C23C28/32—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer
- C23C28/322—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer only coatings of metal elements only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
- C23C28/34—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates
- C23C28/345—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates with at least one oxide layer
- C23C28/3455—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates with at least one oxide layer with a refractory ceramic layer, e.g. refractory metal oxide, ZrO2, rare earth oxides or a thermal barrier system comprising at least one refractory oxide layer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C30/00—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Atmospheric Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft allgemein ein Verfahren zur Behandlung der Oberfläche von Metallen oder Legierungen auf mikrobizide Wirksamkeit. Insbesondere betrifft die Erfindung die Behandlung der Oberfläche von Lamellen, insbesondere aus Aluminium-Le gierungen, von Verdampfern in Klimaanlagen von Kraftfahrzeugen zur Verhinderung von modrigen Gerüchen beim Einschalten derartiger Klimaanlagen, insbesondere nach längeren Stillstandszeiten. Die Erfindung betrifft auch einen dermaßen mit einer Schicht überzogenen aus einer Al-Legierung gefertigten Verdampfer für Klimaanlagen in Kraftfahrzeugen.The present invention relates generally to a method of treating the surface of metals or alloys for microbicidal activity. In particular, the Invention the treatment of the surface of lamellae, in particular of aluminum Le alloys, of evaporators in air conditioning systems of motor vehicles for prevention of musty smells when switching on such air conditioning systems, especially after longer downtimes. The invention also relates to a single layer coated aluminum alloy evaporator for air conditioning in Motor vehicles.
Wird eine Klimaanlage nach längerer Stillstandszeit wieder eingeschaltet, kann für kurze Zeit ein unangenehm modriger, muffiger Geruch wahrgenommen werden. Der Grund für eine derartige Geruchsbelästigung ist u. a. in der Ablagerung kleinster Teilchen unterschiedlicher Herkunft auf den Verdampferlamellen der Klimaanlage zu suchen. Insbesondere Mikroorganismen und Pilze siedeln sich auf den Verdampferlamellen an, deren katabole Stoffwechselprodukte dann die unangenehmen Gerüche verursachen.If an air conditioning system is switched on again after a long period of inactivity, briefly An unpleasantly musty, musty smell. The reason for such an odor nuisance is u. a. in the deposit of tiny particles to look for different origins on the evaporator fins of the air conditioning system. In particular, microorganisms and fungi settle on the evaporator fins, whose catabolic metabolites then cause the unpleasant smells.
Es ist von folgendem Ablauf der Geruchsbildung auszugehen, wie er für jede nicht stationäre Ausführungsform einer Klimaanlage mit einem Verdampfer für ein Kältemittel zu erwarten ist, hier aber an einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform, einer Klimaanlage für Kraftfahrzeuge, beschrieben wird: Während der Fahrt des Kraftfahrzeugs, bzw. bei eingeschalteter Lüftung, durchströmt von außen eingeführte Luft oder bei Umluftbetrieb die im Fahrzeuginnenraum umgewälzte Luft ständig den Verdampfer der Klimaanlage. Dies geschieht auch bei eingeschalteter Klimaanlage und unabhängig von der Einstellung der Heizung. Der Luftstrom trägt gewöhnlich geringe Mengen unterschiedlicher geruchsbildender anorganischer und organischer Stoffe in allen drei Aggregatzuständen (fest, flüssig, gasförmig) mit sich, deren Konzentration meist so gering ist, daß die Insassen des Kraftfahrzeugs einen Geruch nicht mehr wahrnehmen können.The following sequence of odor formation can be assumed, which is not the case for everyone stationary embodiment of an air conditioning system with an evaporator for a refrigerant is expected, but here in a particularly preferred embodiment, one Air conditioning system for motor vehicles is described: while the motor vehicle is traveling, or with ventilation switched on, flows through air introduced from outside or at Recirculation mode, the air circulated in the vehicle interior constantly the evaporator Air conditioning. This also happens when the air conditioning is switched on and independently of the setting of the heating. The airflow usually carries small amounts different odor-forming inorganic and organic substances in all three Physical states (solid, liquid, gaseous) with themselves, their concentration usually so low is that the occupants of the motor vehicle can no longer smell.
Infolge der Luftströmung findet an den Oberflächen des Verdampfers ständig ein Adsorptions- und Desorptionsvorgang statt, wobei die Adsorption zunächst überwiegt. Dies führt zu einer Belagbildung auf den luftumströmten Oberflächen des Verdampfers und auf der Innenseite des den Verdampfer beherbergenden Gehäuses. In diesem Belag sind gewöhnlich geruchsintensive Komponenten enthalten, deren Konzentration zwar allein noch nicht ausreicht, die Geruchsschwelle zu überschreiten, bei der eine deutliche unangenehme Geruchsempfindung hervorgerufen wird, sie ist aber doch so hoch, daß die Geruchsschwelle durch die verstärkende Wirkung von Mikroorganismen, die sich ebenfalls auf dem Belag ansiedeln, deutlich überschritten wird.As a result of the air flow, there is a constant flow on the surfaces of the evaporator Adsorption and desorption process take place, the adsorption predominating at first. This leads to the formation of deposits on the air-flowing surfaces of the evaporator and on the inside of the housing housing the evaporator. In this surface are usually odor-intensive components, the concentration of which alone is not enough to exceed the odor threshold, at which a clear unpleasant sensation of smell is caused, but it is so high that the Odor threshold due to the reinforcing effect of microorganisms, which are also settle on the surface, is clearly exceeded.
In aus- oder eingeschaltetem Zustand des Klimakompressors werden Adsorption und Desorption im wesentlichen in einem Gleichgewichtszustand gehalten, so daß keine vermehrte Geruchsstoffbildung erfolgt. In der Regel findet auch beim Ausschalten der Klimaanlage keine sprunghafte Desorption der Geruchsstoffe statt, so daß deren Konzentration im Luftstrom zu gering ist, um wahrgenommen werden zu können. Wird die Klimaanlage aber, insbesondere nach längerem Stillstand, wieder eingeschaltet, so wird der Verdampfer innerhalb sehr kurzer Zeit stark abgekühlt. Gleichzeitig kondensiert der in der Luft enthaltene Wasserdampf in der über die Lamellen strömenden Luft und schlägt sich als Kondenswasser in einem dünnen Film auf der Oberfläche der Lamellen nieder. Der sich bildende Wasserfilm löst die an der Verdampferoberfläche anhaftenden geruchsintensiven Stoffe an und aktiviert den Stoffwechsel der ebenfalls anhaftenden Mikroorganismen, was eine verstärkte Bildung geruchsintensiver Stoffe zur Folge hat. Gleichzeitig unterliegt der Wasserfilm unter dem Einfluß des über die Lamellen streichenden Luftstroms einem ständigen Auf- und Abbau durch Verdunstung bzw. Aerosolbildung. Dadurch werden dann auch die geruchsintensiven Stoffe in verhältnismäßig hoher Konzentration an den Luftstrom abgegeben und gelangen mit diesem in den Fahrgastraum. Durch die Wirkung der Mikroorganismen wird der Transport von geruchsintensiven Stoffen im Luftstrom dann so erhöht, daß der für die Fahrzeuginsassen wahrnehmbare Schwellenwert für diese Stoffe erheblich überschritten wird, was über mehr oder weniger kurze Zeit zur Wahrnehmung des unangenehmen modrig-muffigen Geruches führt.When the air conditioning compressor is switched off or on, adsorption and Desorption is kept essentially in an equilibrium state, so that none increased odorant formation occurs. Usually also takes place when you turn off the Air conditioning no sudden desorption of the odorants instead, so that Concentration in the air flow is too low to be noticed. Will the Air conditioning, however, especially after a long period of inactivity, is switched on again the evaporator cooled down very quickly. At the same time, the in the water vapor contained in the air flowing over the slats and strikes condenses as a thin film on the surface of the slats. The water film that forms removes those adhering to the evaporator surface odor-intensive substances and activates the metabolism of those that are also adherent Microorganisms, which results in an increased formation of odor-intensive substances. At the same time, the water film is subject to the influence of the slats air flow, a constant build-up and breakdown by evaporation or Aerosol formation. This will also cause the odor-intensive substances in Relatively high concentration in the air flow and come with this in the passenger compartment. Due to the action of the microorganisms, the transport of odor-intensive substances in the air flow then increased so that for the Vehicle occupants perceptible threshold for these substances significantly exceeded is what becomes more or less short of perception of the uncomfortable musty musty smell.
Im Stand der Technik wurde eine Vielzahl von Vorschlägen gemacht, damit die Betreiber einer solchen Anlage nicht mehr unmittelbar solchen unangenehmen Gerüchen ausgesetzt werden.A large number of proposals have been made in the prior art to allow the operator such an installation no longer directly such unpleasant smells get abandoned.
In der DE 195 17 336 wird vorgeschlagen, den auf Pilzbefall im Kondenswasser auf dem abgekühlten Verdampfer zurückzuführenden unangenehmen Geruch dadurch zu vermindern, daß der Verdichter der Klimaanlage auf eine bestimmte Temperatur abgekühlt wird, die dann ihrerseits die über den Verdampfer streichende Luft abkühlt, was die Geruchsbildung einschränkt.In DE 195 17 336 it is proposed that the fungal attack in the condensation on the this leads to the unpleasant smell due to the cooled evaporator reduce the air conditioning compressor to a certain temperature is cooled, which in turn cools the air flowing over the evaporator, what limits the formation of odors.
Ein dem entgegengesetzter Lösungsvorschlag wird in der US-A 5,385,028 gemacht, wo nach dem Abstellen der Klimaanlage die Flußrichtung des Kältemittels umgekehrt wird, wodurch erhitztes Kältemittel in den Verdampfer strömt, um dort die Lamellen des Verdampfers aufzuheizen. Dadurch werden die Geruchsstoffe schnell vertrieben.A solution to the opposite is made in US-A 5,385,028, where after the air conditioner is switched off, the flow direction of the refrigerant is reversed, which causes heated refrigerant to flow into the evaporator, where the fins of the To heat the evaporator. As a result, the odorous substances are distributed quickly.
In der DE 41 05 724 wird vorgeschlagen, die im Luftstrom enthaltenen Geruchs- und Schadstoffe mittels eines Filters zu absorbieren. Der Filter ist so ausgelegt, daß für ein möglichst breites Spektrum von Geruchs- bzw. Schadstoffen ein Filtereffekt entsteht, der auf der raschen Adsorption der Geruchs- bzw. Schadstoffe und ihrer allmählichen, stark verzögerten Desorption beruht. Dadurch wird bewirkt, daß eine kurzfristig hohe Konzentration an Geruchs- bzw. Schadstoffen in eine extrem niedrige, dafür aber lang anhaltende Emission umgewandelt wird, die bei genügend großer Verdünnung unterhalb einer vorgegebenen Geruchs- bzw. Belästigungsschwelle bleibt.DE 41 05 724 proposes that the odor and Absorb pollutants using a filter. The filter is designed for a broadest possible spectrum of odors or pollutants creates a filter effect that on the rapid adsorption of odorous or harmful substances and their gradual, strong delayed desorption. This causes a short term high Concentration of odor or pollutants in an extremely low, but long persistent emission is converted, which is below with a sufficiently large dilution a predetermined odor or nuisance threshold remains.
In der DE 32 22 983 wird die von Luft überstrichene Fläche der lamellenartigen Rippen eines Wärmetauschers zumindest bereichsweise mit einer Geruchs- bzw. Schadstoffe beseitigenden Substanz, vorzugsweise Aktivkohle, belegt. Damit soll eine Geruchsminderung erreicht werden.In DE 32 22 983 the air-swept surface of the lamellar ribs a heat exchanger at least in some areas with an odor or pollutant eliminating substance, preferably activated carbon. This is supposed to Odor reduction can be achieved.
Ein anderer Vorschlag wird in der EP 0 549 474 beschrieben, wo ein Geruchsfilter in den Ansaugkanal der Klimaanlage gesetzt wird. Dies soll verhindern, daß sich nach dem Abschalten der Klimaanlage Geruchsstoffe aus dem Luftstrom auf den Lamellen festsetzen.Another proposal is described in EP 0 549 474, where an odor filter in the Air conditioning intake duct is set. This is to prevent that after the Switching off the air conditioning system Odorants from the air flow on the fins fix.
In der deutschen Anmeldung 197 18 355.7 schließlich wird die über den Verdampfer geleitete, sonst in den Fahrgastraum geführte Luft kurzzeitig, während der Anlaufphase der Klimaanlage am Fahrgastraum vorbei ins Freie geführt.In the German application 197 18 355.7, finally, the evaporator conducted air, otherwise led into the passenger compartment for a short time, during the start-up phase the air conditioning system led past the passenger compartment to the outside.
Ferner sind noch Klimaanlagen mit desodorierenden Mitteln und für Kraftfahrzeuge solche mit einer automatischen Düsenverschwenkung im Fahrgastraum bekannt.Furthermore, air conditioning systems with deodorising agents and for motor vehicles are such known with an automatic nozzle pivoting in the passenger compartment.
Diese Ausführungsformen sind teils technisch sehr kompliziert und bei Verwendung von Adsorbentien nur bedingt wirksam. Aus dem oben beschriebenen Ablauf der Geruchsbildung erklärt sich, daß die bekannten Maßnahmen zur Geruchsverhinderung, wie z. B. ein Spülen und Erhitzen des Verdampfers, nur beschränkt wirksam sein können. Ebenso wird offensichtlich, daß aufgrund der Vielzahl der möglichen geruchsintensiven Stoffe Adsorbentien auch nur bedingt die Konzentration derselben unter das Wahrnehmungsniveau absenken können. Die eigentliche Ursache der Geruchsbildung bleibt bestehen. Die Stoffe, welche den Geruch bewirken, werden nur bis unter die Geschmacksempfindung verdünnt oder zeitweise umgeleitet.These embodiments are in part technically very complicated and when using Adsorbents only partially effective. From the sequence of Odor formation explains that the known measures for odor prevention, such as B. rinsing and heating the evaporator, can only be effective to a limited extent. It is also obvious that due to the large number of possible odor-intensive Substances adsorbents also only partially the concentration of the same under that Can lower the level of perception. The real cause of odor formation remains. The substances that cause the smell are only below the Taste sensation diluted or temporarily redirected.
Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein einfaches, kostengünstiges Verfahren für die Behandlung der Oberflächen von Metallen oder Legierungen zur Verfügung zu stellen, mit welchem die eigentliche Ursache der Geruchsbildung dauerhaft beseitigt wird, nämlich die Abtötung der geruchsverursachenden Mikroorganismen, sowie einen Verdampfer, dessen Oberflächen derartige mikrobizide Wirkungen aufweisen. The invention is therefore based on the object of a simple, inexpensive Process for the treatment of the surfaces of metals or alloys To provide with which the actual cause of the odor formation is permanent is eliminated, namely the killing of the odor-causing microorganisms, and an evaporator whose surfaces have such microbicidal effects.
Verfahrensgemäß wird die Aufgabe mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Der Verdampfer weist die Merkmale des Anspruchs 31 auf. Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.According to the method, the object is achieved with the features of claim 1. Of the Evaporator has the features of claim 31. Advantageous embodiments are the subject of the subclaims.
Die Erfindung macht sich die Tatsache zunutze, daß durch das mikrobizid wirksame metallische Kupfer auf der Oberfläche die sich dort ansiedelnden Mikroorganismen abgetötet bzw. in ihrem Wachstum so gestört werden, daß sie keine geruchsintensiven Stoffe mehr bilden können.The invention takes advantage of the fact that the microbicidal metallic copper on the surface of the microorganisms that settle there killed or disturbed in their growth so that they are not odor-intensive Can form more fabrics.
Verdampfer von Klimaanlagen sind überwiegend aus Aluminiumlegierungen gefertigt und weisen als Korrosionsschutzmaßnahme an ihren äußeren Oberflächen eine Chromatierung auf, welche üblicherweise noch durch eine Versiegelung auf Silikatbasis ergänzt wird.Air conditioning evaporators are mainly made of aluminum alloys and have a corrosion protection measure on their outer surfaces Chromating, which is usually done with a silicate-based seal is added.
Auf die Oberfläche des Metalls bzw. der Legierung wird eine dünne Kupferschicht bzw. eine sehr dünne geeignete, wasserdurchlässige, polymere Lackschicht aufgebracht, welche das mikrobizid wirkende Kupfer, vorzugsweise in Pulverform, enthält. Als Lacke kommen beispielsweise solche auf Basis von Polyurethan, Acrylharz, Epoxidharz, Celluloseacetobutyrat oder Polyester in Frage oder Kombinationslacke wie z. B. aus Polyester und Celluloseacetobutyrat, vorzugsweise im Verhältnis 1 : 1.A thin layer of copper or applied a very thin, suitable, water-permeable, polymeric lacquer layer, which contains the microbicidal copper, preferably in powder form. As paints come for example those based on polyurethane, acrylic resin, epoxy resin, Cellulose acetobutyrate or polyester in question or combination paints such. B. from Polyester and cellulose acetobutyrate, preferably in a ratio of 1: 1.
Aufgrund des Lösungsdruckes des in der auf der Oberfläche aufgetragenen Schicht enthaltenen Kupfers in dem sich dort niedergeschlagenen Kondenswasser stellt sich im Kondenswasser eine geringe Konzentration an Kupferionen ein, die aber deutlich über der toxischen Grenzkonzentration des Kupfers für die auf der Oberfläche angesiedelte Mikroflora liegt, wodurch die bereits vorhandenen Mikroorganismen größtenteils abgetötet werden und eine Weiterbesiedlung verhindert wird.Due to the solution pressure of the layer applied on the surface contained copper in the condensed water deposited there turns up in the Condensation a low concentration of copper ions, but which is significantly higher than the toxic limit concentration of copper for those located on the surface Microflora lies, which largely kills the already existing microorganisms and colonization is prevented.
Zum Auftragen des mikrobizid wirksamen Kupfers auf die Oberfläche von Metallen bzw. Legierungen gibt es verschiedene im Stand der Technik bekannte Möglichkeiten, deren Anwendung sich jeweils nach der Art des zu beschichtenden Metalls bzw. der Legierung orientieren dürfte. To apply the microbicidally active copper to the surface of metals or Alloys have various possibilities known in the prior art, their Application depends on the type of metal or alloy to be coated should orient.
Insbesondere ist zu unterscheiden zwischen Verfahren unter Anwendung von Strom, wie z. B. bei der Galvanotechnik, und stromloser Beschichtung bzw. Metallabscheidung. Insbesondere ist hier das Eintauchen der Metalle bzw. Legierungen in Kupfersalzlösungen in Gegenwart eines Reduktionsmittels zu nennen. Weitere "klassische" Verfahren sind das oft eingesetzte Metallspritzverfahren, das Plattieren, die Zementation u.v.a. . Das Auftragen der Kupferschicht auf die Oberfläche eines Metalls oder einer Legierung kann einmal direkt auf die blanke Oberfläche erfolgen, oder es wird zunächst eine Zwischenschicht aus einem dünnen (Metall)überzug mittels der oben angeführten "klassischen" Methoden aufgetragen und dann erst die mikrobizid wirksame Kupferschicht. Dies kann sich in einigen Fällen vorteilhaft auf die Haftfestigkeit der Kupferschicht auswirken und beugt Korrosionserscheinungen vor.In particular, a distinction must be made between methods using electricity such as e.g. B. in electroplating, and electroless coating or metal deposition. In particular, here is the immersion of the metals or alloys in copper salt solutions in the presence of a reducing agent. These are other "classic" processes frequently used metal spraying processes, plating, cementation, etc. . The Applying the copper layer to the surface of a metal or alloy can once directly on the bare surface, or it will be a first Intermediate layer of a thin (metal) coating by means of the above "Classic" methods are applied and only then the microbicidally effective Copper layer. In some cases, this can be beneficial to the adhesive strength of the Impact copper layer and prevent signs of corrosion.
Im Falle von Al-Legierungen, wie sie besonders für die Fertigung von Verdampfern in Klimaanlagen von Kraftfahrzeugen eingesetzt werden, kommt in einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform eine Nickelschicht als Zwischenschicht zur Anwendung.In the case of aluminum alloys, such as those used for the manufacture of evaporators Air conditioning systems used in motor vehicles come in a preferred one Embodiment a nickel layer as an intermediate layer for use.
Eine besonders bevorzugte Ausführungsform der Erfindung besteht darin, anstelle eines durchgehenden Überzugs aus metallischem Kupfer, in einen Leitlack eingebettetes Kupferpulver zu verwenden. Dieses weist besondere mikrobizide Wirksamkeit auf, offensichtlich infolge einer größeren aktiven Oberfläche im Vergleich mit durchgehenden Kupferschichten.A particularly preferred embodiment of the invention is instead of one continuous coating of metallic copper, embedded in a conductive lacquer To use copper powder. This has particular microbicidal activity, obviously due to a larger active surface compared to continuous ones Copper layers.
Claims (31)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE1997150128 DE19750128A1 (en) | 1997-11-13 | 1997-11-13 | Copper-containing layer used as microbicide in surface coatings |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE1997150128 DE19750128A1 (en) | 1997-11-13 | 1997-11-13 | Copper-containing layer used as microbicide in surface coatings |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| DE19750128A1 true DE19750128A1 (en) | 1999-05-20 |
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| DE1997150128 Ceased DE19750128A1 (en) | 1997-11-13 | 1997-11-13 | Copper-containing layer used as microbicide in surface coatings |
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| DE102008037476A1 (en) * | 2008-10-21 | 2010-04-22 | Georg Matzner | Air humidifier for installing into air channel, comprises housing that has air inlet for connecting inlet channel, air outlet for connecting outlet channel and air humidifying chamber present in flow connection with air inlet and -outlet |
| DE10045605B4 (en) * | 2000-09-15 | 2014-01-09 | Volkswagen Ag | Automotive air conditioning with oligodynamic surface coating |
| AU2010232638B2 (en) * | 2009-04-02 | 2016-09-15 | Denso Manufacturing Michigan, Inc. | Ceramic coated automotive heat exchanger components |
| EP3081650A4 (en) * | 2013-12-10 | 2017-08-02 | Hyundai Motor Company | Antimicrobial agent screening method |
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| AU2010232638B2 (en) * | 2009-04-02 | 2016-09-15 | Denso Manufacturing Michigan, Inc. | Ceramic coated automotive heat exchanger components |
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