DE19739364A1 - Strengthening and protecting plants - Google Patents

Abstract

Method for strengthening and protecting plants comprises introducing a resistance inducer and microorganisms into the plant nutrient medium or seeds. The resistance inducer and microorganisms have a complementary positive effect on the plants. Also claimed is Pseudomonas sp. Ps1 (DSM 11166).

Description

State of the art

The invention is based on a method for strengthening and for the protection of plants and the associated Microorganism according to the genus of the main claim.

Processes and substances for strengthening plants in arable, Garden, vegetable, fruit and ornamental plants are in multiple Way known. The known methods build essentially in two fundamentally different ways, namely chemical as well as the newer genetic engineering methods.

In known chemical crop protection methods against soil-borne pests, are chemical agents in the Soil in which the plant is located. A disadvantage is that residues remain in the soil receive chemical crop protection products, which are in Enrich the soil or from it into the groundwater or into Surface waters are washed out. The residues  So chemical agents always pose a significant problem for the ecology as well as some danger to any kind of Organisms. In addition, chemical agents and Methods of the pathogen that may affect the plant could weaken, killed. It can also be in the ground occurring microorganisms that strengthen the plant, be killed. Chemical preparations work first Line against the pathogen and therefore strengthen the plant itself only indirectly.

In genetic engineering processes for plant strengthening genetically modified material used. Whether or how genetically modified plants in nature and their Integrating biodiversity is very controversial. Furthermore are long-term effects on plants with human hands altered DNA on the biosphere not known.

Towards chemical and especially versus genetic engineering crop protection processes and agents there are great concerns among the public.

The invention and its advantages

The inventive method with the characteristic In contrast, features of the main claim have the advantage that by combining useful microorganisms and Resistance inductors several different, on the plant itself positive impact mechanisms are combined. This will stabilize and increase the Protective effect for the plant achieved. By the The inventive method is only conditionally against Pathogens preceded the plant, the plant as such is immediately strengthened and their resistance increased. The combination of microorganisms and resistance inducers can either be in the plant medium or in the seed are given.  

Another advantage of the invention is that none Disinfectant or disposal plant protection products in the Soil (substrate) remain, as is the case with chemical crop protection products is the case.

Another advantage of the invention is that a coexistence of Crop and avoidable pathogens in the substrate the plant is possible. Because when using the inventive method the microorganisms in the first Line settle at the roots of the plant, causing this is strengthened, the pathogens are only conditional killed. A biodiversity in the nutrient soil is preserved.

Another advantage of the invention is that it is very wide Effectiveness and protection spectrum for the plant to be strengthened is achieved. Unlike chemical pesticides and associated methods, which, for example, only against a certain group of fungi act in the nutrient soil, is strengthened by the plant according to the invention Plant strengthened as such. This is not only against potential pathogens in the soil, but also in the Plant otherwise surrounding atmosphere, resistant.

Another advantage of the invention is that it is ecological managed companies that are not chemical Use preparations. The method according to the invention closes a gap between chemical and genetic engineering Plant protection methods and agents.

Another advantage of the invention is that inventive method an increase in yield strengthened plant is to be expected.

Another advantage of the invention is that method according to the invention the plant usually a has higher root mass, which is an indication of a counter  Pathogen or environmental resistant plant value is.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the useful microorganism of the genus Pseudomonas.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention the beneficial microorganisms belong to the kind of Pseudomonas fluorescens. However, the types are also possible Pseudomonas putida, chlororaphis, aureofaciens or cepacia.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention belongs to the useful microorganism of the genus Bacillus, Agrobacterium, Trichoderma, Gliocladium, Verticillium, Myrothecium, Streptomyces, Rhodotorula, Candida, Cryptococcus, Acremmonium, Coniothyrium, Ampellomycis, Enterobacter, Talaromyces, Azotobacter, Azospirillium, Acetobacter or Pinicillium. Species are of particular interest Bacillus subtilis, pumilis, brevis, cireus, megaterium, or the species Agrobacterium radiobacter, or the species Trichoderma viride, pseudokoningii, reesei, hamatum, lignorum, harcianum, or die Species Gliocladium roseum, catenulatum, artrum, or the species Verticillium bigutattum, or the species Myrothecium verrcoria, or the species Rhodotorula glutinis, or the species Candida oleophila, or the species Cryptococcus laurenti, or the species Acremmonium breve, or the species Coniothyrium minitans, or the species Ampellomycis quisqalis, or the species Enterobacter cloaceae, or the species Talaromyces flavus, or the species Azotobacter vinelandii, or the species Azospirillium brasilese or the species Pinicillium oxalicum or expansum.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention substances such as butyric acid derivatives, Salicylic acid derivatives, nicotinic acids, indole derivatives, Plant hormones, amino acids or plant extracts used. The derivatives are 3, 4 or 2-amino butyric acid, 5-methylsalicylic acid, 0-acetylsalicylic acid, 5-chlorine  salicylic acid, 3,5-dichloroisonicotinic acid, Isonicotinamide, 2-chloronicotinic acid, chloronicotinamide, Aminonicotinic acid, 2,6-dichlorornicotinic acid, indole-3-lactate, Indole-3-glyoxyamide, indole-3-carbinol, indole-3-pyruvate, indole-3-acet amide, indole-3-acetic acid, L-norvaline, L-phanylalanine or L-Nor leucine of interest. Also other substances such as Benzo (1,2,3) thiadiazole-7-carboxylic acid S-methyl ester (available under the Bion brand from Novartis), chitosan, methyl Jasmonate or plant extracts such as valerian extract, Hawthorn extract. Chamomile extract or garlic extract can be used.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention cereals, beets, pome fruits, stone fruits, Soft fruits, legumes, oil plants, cucurbitaceae, fiber Plants, vegetables, herbs, grasses, tobacco, nuts or coffee used. The method according to the invention can in particular can be used on the following plants: wheat, barley, Corn, rye, oats, rice, sugar beet, fodder beet, apples, Pears, cherries, plums, peaches, almonds, strawberries, Raspberries, blackberries, beans, lentils, soybeans, peas, Rapeseed, mustard, poppy seeds, sunflowers, cucumbers, melons, pumpkin, Squosch, zucchini, cotton, hemp, flax, jute, spinach, lettuce, Asparagus, carrots, cabbage, onions, tomatoes, potatoes, peppers, Eggplant, celery, leek, basil, chervil, oregano, marjoram, Rosemary, sage, grass, corn, tobacco, nuts or coffee.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention becomes a microorganism as a useful microorganism used by the following deployment procedure (product by process):

Some soil and roots are mixed with a little sterile water, which contains a small amount of Tween-20, and shaken for a few minutes. From a dilution series of 10⁻ ⁴ to 10⁻ ⁷ is plated on FPA medium. After a few days of incubation, the colonies are examined for fluorescence under UV light (wavelength = 366 nm). The fluorescent colonies are then streaked out in a falling row for isolation, incubated and checked again under UV light. A pure culture of KB medium is inoculated from each fluorescent colony and stored in a slant tube or in glycerine medium.

To obtain a fluorescent Pseumonaden strain that in vitro and in vivo screening is highly effective carried out.

In this screening, the isolated fluorescent Pseudomonas strains against, for example, harmful fungi tested. I.e. it is examined whether the isolated strains in the Are able to protect the plant against these harmful fungi.

If a strain is found that is effective, it must be examined to what extent this strain has resistance inducers can be combined.

To do this, mix the stem with the resistance inducers and examines whether the protective effect improves or worsens becomes. If the protective effect improves, you can can be assumed that the trunk with the Resistance inductor is compatible. Is a deterioration in Protective effect occurred in the combination are trunk and Resistance inductor not miscible.

The FPA medium used here consists in particular of the following composition:
Proteose Peptone No. 3 20.0 g, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 1.5 g, magnesium sulfate 1.5 g, glycerol 10.0 ml, agar (cleaned) 8.0 g, Actidion 75 mg, Novobiocin 45 mg and penicillin G 75000 E. The quantities given refer to to 1000 ml of demineralized and sterilized water.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the About 10 g of earth, about 100 ml of sterile water and about 0.250 ml Tween-20 used. In addition, the earth Water-tween mixture at approx. 150 rpm for approx. 15 min touched. Approx. 0.1 ml is plated out and incubated at approx. 28 ° C for three days. The storage in the inclined tube is at 4 ° C or in the glycerine medium at approx. -80 ° C.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention in this regard, the microorganism deposited with the German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH in 38124 Braunschweig, Mascheroder Weg 1b is included as a microorganism
Filing data: Pseudomunae sp. Ps1 - DSM 11166
Date of filing: September 19, 1996
The depositor is: Wolfgang Vogt, Fred-Uhlmann-Straße 7, 70619 Stuttgart
used.

Especially with strawberry plants, a resistance inductor like DL-3-Amino calls butyric acid in combination with that from the Microorganism found a method of delivery good strengthening and resistance of the plant especially compared to the plant and contained in the substrate their roots debilitating mushrooms.

Further advantages and advantageous configurations of the invention can be found in the claims.

Claims (11)

1. Process for strengthening and protecting plants, characterized by the following process steps:

• - Introducing at least one resistance inducer into the plant nutrient medium or into the seeds of the plant and
• - Introduction of useful microorganisms in the plant nutrient medium or in the seeds of the plant, resistance inductor and microorganisms having a complementary positive effect on the plant.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that that the useful microorganism of the genus Pseudomonas heard. 3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that that the useful microorganism of the kind of Pseudomonas fluorescens heard.   4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the useful microorganism of the genus Bacillus, Agrobacterium, Trichoderma, Gliocladium, Verticillium, Myrothecium, Streptomyces, Rhodotorula, Candida, Cryptococcus, Acremmonium, Coniothyrium, Ampellomycis, Enterobacter, Talaromyces, Azotobacter, Azospirillium, Acetobacter or Pinicillium heard. 5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that substances as resistance inductor such as butyric acid derivatives, salicylic acid derivatives, nicotinic acids, Indole derivatives, plant hormones, amino acids or Plant extracts can be used. 6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that used as a resistance inducer 3-aminobutyric acid will. 7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that cereals, beets, Pomes, drupes, soft fruits, legumes, Oil plants, cucubitacae, fiber plants, vegetables, herbs, Grasses, tobacco, nuts or coffee can be used. 8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that strawberry plants can be used as a plant. 9. Microorganism according to claim 3, characterized by the following preparation method (product by process):

• - providing some soil with roots,
• Mixing sterile water with a little Tween-20 to form a water-Tween mixture,
• Mixing the earth with the water-tween mixture to form an earth-water tween mixture,
• Shaking the earth-water-tween mixture for a few minutes at room temperature,
• - Make a dilution series from 10⁻ ⁴ to 10⁻ ⁷ ,
• Plating the mixture on FPA medium,
• - incubate the plates for several days,
• - Examination of the colonies for fluorescence using UV light,
• - spread out and incubate the fluorescent colonies in a falling row to separate them,
• - re-examination of the colonies for fluorescence using UV light,
• - inoculation of a pure culture of each fluorescent colony on KB medium,
• Storage of the inoculated culture in the slant tube or in glycerine medium,
• - carrying out an in vitro and in vivo screening for the effectiveness of the isolated strains,
• - Identification of those strains that protect the plant against harmful fungi,
• - Mixing the strains found with different resistance inducers,
• - Compatibility test microorganism with resistance inductor and
• - Determination of the protective effect of the microorganism-resistance inductor mixture for plants.

10. Deployment method according to claim 5 and 6, characterized in
that about 10 g of soil are used,
that about 100 ml of sterile water is used,
that about 0.250 ml of Tween-20 is used,
that the earth-water-tween mixture is stirred at approx. 150 rpm for approx. 15 min,
that about 0.1 ml of the diluted earth-water-tween mixture is pelletized out,
that the plates are incubated at about 28 ° C. for three days and
that the storage takes place in the inclined tube at approx. 4 ° C or in the glycerine medium at approx. -80 ° C. 11. Microorganism according to claim 3, characterized by deposit with the DSM in Braunschweig; Filing data: Pseudomonae sp. Ps1 - DSM 11166; at the September 19, 1996.