DE19718325C1 - Adjuster for aligning door and window hinge - Google Patents

Abstract

The door or window is hung in a fixed frame about an adjustable axis by a number of hinges, each with one section fixed to the frame and one section to the door or window pane. An adjusting element provides an adjustment movement, at least in the plane of the door or window pane and alters the setting of each hinge with respect to the hinge axis to align the hinged frame inside the fixed frame. The hinge sections can slide against each other by the movement of the adjusting element. One or more independently acting locking elements (37) between the hinge sections fix the hinge pieces with respect to each other and prevents the adjustment movement.

Description

The invention relates to a device for aligning a Wing of a door, a window or the like. Relative to one fixed frame, with sash and frame over a relative to the frame adjustable axis of rotation through Hinge elements is formed, at least around a vertical Axis of rotation are pivotally connected to each other, and wherein that Hinge made of at least two movable relative to each other Hinge parts exist, with a first part stationary in the Frame and a second positionally assigned to the wing with one at least in the surface-parallel position of sash and frame acting alignment element producing an alignment movement.

Devices are known for adjusting the wing regarding its bearings to the fixed frame by means of Allow actuators. For example, it is from the DE 36 37 077 C1 as well as a number of others Publications known a hinge arm regarding one frame fixed to the frame and slidable  contrary to that acting through the weight of the wing Secure the load direction with an adjusting screw.

An adjustment of the wing compared to the fixed The frame can be turned by turning the adjusting screw be caused, which is a relative displacement of the end of the Hinge arm attached coupling piece with respect to the Hinge arm results.

The adjustment is done manually and may have to be in be repeated at regular intervals as the wing follows some time by loosening the fasteners and by Wear of the bearing components an anti-parallel position to the frame occupies.

Sashes and frames can also have auxiliary devices are aligned with each other, such as the DE 3 27 608 or also DE 41 17 407 C2 show. Are there Devices for aligning the wing on the axis of rotation opposite side of the wing attached that when immersing the sash in the frame with fixed on Frame-mounted elements interact and align of the wing with respect to the frame.

Such devices work only in a certain range of the swing angle of the wing and effect in the effective area when immersing the wing in the frame, a constraint in the hinges. Furthermore, such devices are very large Deviations in the situation ineffective or must be caused by special technically complex designs become more flexible because they the components assigned to them do not meet on the frame or find and cooperation becomes impossible.  

The tilting function of turn-tilt sashes is also achieved through this Auxiliary devices adversely affected because the tilt axis is shifted by the auxiliary device.

Another device for aligning the wing opposite the framework is known from DE-OS 20 65 840. At the display device disclosed therein is a downward protruding coupling piece attached, which with a Bolt linkage of the wing attached locking bolt cooperates, with the dome as the mushroom head pin trained locking pin engages around a fork. The The coupling piece is anti-parallel to the rebate circumferential surface of the wing or the frame aligned and causes at one Movements of the locking pin a relative movement of the Wing opposite the frame.

The orientation of the Sash is not effective in all switch positions of the fitting, but - depending on the position of the locking bolt - is the alignment device is overridden.

The object of the invention is therefore a device for Align the wing of a door, a window or the like. in relation to a fixed frame, that this independently by normal operation of the wing takes place when the sash is safely stored on the frame.

The object is achieved by the features of claim 1.  

A particularly safe and simple design of the Locking elements provides that the locking elements look like Form-fit elements exist, and that the form-fit elements between them by aligning each other removing boundary edges of the hinge parts relocatable are arranged.

A simple design and manufacturing technology Design provides that the positive locking elements from with Wedge-provided actuators exist, the Wedge surfaces lie against each other and the adjusting pieces against each other are arranged displaceable.

This ensures that the alignment element Hinge parts shifted against each other be fixed in position and thereby the vertical axis of rotation of the Wing is moved relative to the wing. The wing receives thereby a new orientation compared to the fixed Frame and in such a way that the upright and horizontal bars of the wing are almost parallel to those of the frame. A further operation of the wing is therefore easily possible, since the locking elements once set and by the Alignment element certain position of the wing with respect to the Fix the frame in place.

To reset the locking by the sash weight Another embodiment is to prevent large wings the invention that the wedge surfaces offset from step-like lying, to an opposite to the alignment movement load direction, almost vertical aligned plan areas exist, with the steps through Sections running at an obtuse angle to the plane surfaces are connected. This configuration causes the on Normal forces due to the vertical Flat surfaces are transferred while making an adjustment  the wedge surfaces interacting with each other adjusting the Effect form-locking elements.

A particularly simple embodiment provides that one of the Wedge surfaces in one piece with a fixed to the axis of rotation connected hinge frame is formed. This reduces the necessary assembly work considerably.

Alternatively, it can also be provided that the Form-fit elements consist of plate-shaped components and the boundary edges are almost perpendicular to Direction of loading.

The invention further provides that the positive locking elements through an energy storage device into which the hinge parts mutually blocking position are brought. This is supposed to Possibly friction or acting between the interlocking elements. Like. Be overcome.

A preferred embodiment also provides that one of the hinge parts is designed as a hinge arm, the one with a hinge pin forming the hinge axis fixed and at the other end with the wing-fixed hinge part - Angled part - is at least longitudinally connected. This Design relates above all to turn and tilt and turn sash commercially available fittings, which subsequently with automatic effective adjustment should be equipped.

Another configuration is possible if one of the Hinge parts is designed as a frame-fixed bearing block, while the second moved by means of the alignment element Hinge part is formed by the bearing pin and when the Positive locking elements via a force accumulator, in particular via a spring are connected.

In this case, the locking or positive locking takes place not on the wing but on the frame, so that the device overall is attached to the frame. With such a  Design, it is advantageous that the bearing pin enclosing bearing eyes transverse to the axis of rotation - in the Frame level - are elongated and that the Interlocking elements between the narrow side walls of the Bearing eyes and the bearing pin are arranged. Here too provides an advantageous embodiment that the Narrow side walls and the positive locking elements with adjacent wedge surfaces are provided. A right and such a bearing block can be used on the left, if the two bearing eyes are symmetrical on a base plate are arranged. In this case, the bearing block can be used for both can be used on the right and for windows that can be opened on the left.

A particularly simple embodiment of such Bearing block provides that the energy storage device as Tension spring is formed. This can be between the two Form-fit elements are and be effective between them.

As an alternative to the above, can also be provided that the locking device from a locking device locking against the opening device consists. This also works positively, but prevents it sliding the hinge parts back into position Alignment movement.

As an alternative to the described positive - mechanical effective - locking devices, it is possible that the Locking device from a hydraulic cylinder exists, the inlet valve against the alignment movement blocks and with the alignment movement a media inflow to the Cylinder causes.

The figures show some embodiments of the device. It shows

Fig. 1 shows a schematic sketch of a window, a door od. The like.,

Fig. 2 is an upper hinge assembly,

Fig. 3 shows a longitudinal section through a hinge assembly of Fig. 1 in an enlarged partial view,

Fig. 4 Fig. 3 with a partially reclined to the hinge assembly,

Fig. 5 shows a detail of the hinge arrangement on the vertical leg,

Fig. 6 is a form-locking element of Figs. 2 and 3 on an enlarged scale,

Fig. 7 is a stay mechanism with a Drehkippfensters plate-shaped components in top and side view,

Fig. 7a and 7b a force storage means for displacement of the plate-shaped components of FIG. 7,

Fig. 8a and 8b, a frame-fixed bearing block in top and side view.

Fig. 1 shows a window 1 comprising a fixed frame 2 and a therein both about a vertical axis of rotation 3 and is pivotable about a horizontal axis of rotation 4 wings 5. The frame 2 and the wing 5 are connected to one another via an upper hinge 6 and a lower hinge 7 .

The design provides that the upper hinge 6 is designed as a so-called scissor stay, while the lower hinge 7 is designed as a so-called corner bearing. For locking in the frame 2, the wing 5 has a locking fitting (not shown here) which can be operated via a hand lever 8 on the wing 5 . When the locking fitting is made of a tilt and turn fitting, the possibility for a pivoting movement about the lower horizontal axis of rotation 4 can also be set via the hand lever 8 . At the upper horizontal wing spar 9, a deployment device is attached to a vertically movable to the plane of extension arm in this case, connecting the upper horizontal wing spar 9 with the top hinge. 6 On the lower horizontal wing spar 10 between the frame 2 and the wing 5, a tilt lock (not visible here) is effective, so that the lower horizontal wing edge 11 is held on the frame 2 .

In the illustrated embodiment, it is indicated that the frame spars of the frame 2 and the wing spars of the wing 5 do not run parallel, but have shifted into an antiparallel position due to prolonged use, wear or the like. As a result, a distance between the rebate surfaces 13 , 14 - the so-called rebate clearance or the chamber dimension 15 - between the wing 5 and the frame 2 in the - indicated - starting position 12 - is reduced to a minimum in individual areas. Therefore, when the wing 5 is closed, for example from the rotational position, it jams.

Therefore, for example, an alignment element 17 is provided on the lower horizontal frame spar 16 , which cooperates with the rebate surface 14 of the wing 5 or a positionally fixed component (not shown here) in such a way that the originally intended spacing of the rebate surfaces 14 , 13 changes again when the wing 5 is closed sets. In the simplest case, the alignment element 17 consists of a casserole with an ascending slope in the direction of movement, which cooperates with the rebate surface 14 of the wing. The wing 5 receives its original starting position 12 through the alignment element 17 , in which the frame and wing spars are parallel to each other. When opening the wing 5, however, the front wing edge 18 sinks down again as soon as the folded surface 14 slips off the alignment element 17 .

If the wing 5 is aligned antiparallel so far that the rebate surface 14 no longer meets the run-up slope of the alignment element 17 , the wing 5 can only be immersed in the frame 2 by manually lifting the front wing edge 18 .

Tilt and turn fittings therefore provide that 6 manual adjustment options are attached to the upper hinge, which serve to restore the initial position 12 .

Fig. 2 shows an upper hinge assembly 20 , which consists of a wing-fixed angle component 21 , a hinge arm 22 mounted transversely thereto, a coupling part 23 fastened to its end and projecting in front of the frame plane, and a frame-fixed bearing block 25 fastened on the frame visible surface 24 , the Bearing bracket 25 and the coupling part 23 are pivotally connected via a bearing pin 26 .

The embodiment of a hinge arrangement 20 shown in FIG. 2 is a pure rotary fitting, in which only one vertical axis of rotation 3 is provided. The angle component 21 is fastened in a fitting groove 27 made in the rebate surface 14 . The hinge arm 22 is connected to the angle component 21 via the pins 28 , 29 , the pin 29 being firmly anchored in the angle component 21 and engaging through the hinge arm 22 in an elongated hole 30 and securing it with a mushroom head 31 . The pin 28 is rotatably mounted eccentrically in the angle component 21 and extends through the angle component 21 in an elongated hole 32 and also has a mushroom head 33 . The eccentric mounting of the pin 28 serves to achieve a greater pressure of the wing 5 against the frame 2 , that is, a shift of the wing plane to the frame plane. For this purpose, the elongated hole 30 corresponds in its transverse dimension nearly the diameter of the pin 29, so that the hinge arm 22 is pivoted while pressing the pin 28 by an incorporated therein tool engagement 34 around the effective as a fulcrum pin 29, the plane of the wing thereby displaced relative to the frame plane.

The hinge arrangement 20 in the illustrated exemplary embodiment also has a manually operated adjusting screw 35 , which acts in the longitudinal direction of the hinge arm 22 . This is in engagement with a thread (not visible) at the end of an adjusting element 36 , but on the other hand it is connected to the frame 2 in a stationary manner by its position on the coupling part 23 and via the bearing pin 26 .

Actuation of the set screw 35 causes the hinge arm 22 to be displaced longitudinally with respect to the fixed set screw 35 , so that the rebate surfaces 13 , 14 can be in a parallel position. For this purpose, at least the pin 29 comes to an end edge of the elongated hole 30 so that the wing 5 is displaced via the angle component 21 with the hinge arm 22 .

The window 1 also has an alignment element 17 (not visible here) which aligns the wing 5 in the closed position - ie when the wing 5 is immersed in the frame 2 - in a parallel position. If the wing 5 is displaced or raised by the alignment element 17 , then the angle component 21 is moved relative to the hinge arm 22 until the rebate surfaces 13 , 14 are parallel and the rebate air or the chamber dimension 15 is adjusted to its normal size. This alignment movement also relieves the hinge arm 22 which, since it is connected in a fixed manner via the bearing pin 26 to the bearing block 25 fixed to the frame, does not carry out the alignment movement. As a result, a positive-locking element 37 is freely movable in the area of the setting piece 36 , which on the one hand passes through a recess 38 pointing in the direction of the coupling part 23 , but is arranged such that it can be displaced perpendicularly to the fold surface 14 , and on the other hand bears with a wedge surface 39 on a wedge surface 40 of the setting piece 36 which is designed to be complementary thereto .

How does Fig. 3 clearly in an enlarged section of Fig. 2, the hinge arm 22 and of the actuating piece 36 and a recess 38 a passes through the form-locking element 37, the common recess 38 in the angle member 21.

The almost vertical rear side of the form-locking element 37 is at least in the region of the recess 38 a of the angular component 21 in a form-fitting manner.

In order to enlarge the contact surface of the form-locking element 37 on the angle component 21 , the recess 38 a is designed with one end aligned with the vertical leg 46 .

If, as already described, the alignment movement of the angle component 21 in the direction R is carried out by the alignment element 17 , the form-locking element 37 becomes free, to an extent corresponding to the amount in which the front wing edge 18 , which is not visible here, is raised. The form-locking element 37 is pulled downward by the tension spring 41 , so that - in accordance with the wedge effect - the new, spread position of the hinge arm 22 with respect to the angle component 21 is established. The next time the leaf 5 is opened, the form-locking element 37 , which acts as a locking element, is loaded against the direction R, wherein it lies in a form-fitting manner between the angle component 21 and the hinge arm 22 and fixes this to one another, against the direction R of the aligning movement, in the load direction, that is to say, locks it. In the R direction, the lock remains releasable.

FIG. 4 shows the hinge arrangement 20 corresponding to FIG. 3, in which the automatic alignment has already taken effect. As can be seen in particular in connection with FIG. 3, by immersing the form-locking element 37, the relative position of the hinge arm 22 with respect to the angular component 21 is changed, so that the distance between two arbitrarily selected points on each component - here using the fold surface 14 and the boundary edge 42 'of the actuator 36 shown - changes.

FIGS. 3 and 4 also show that the tension spring 41 engages at one end to the positive-locking element 37 and an abutment is obtained at the opposite end to a pin 42. If, for example, the automatic adjustment is to be withdrawn, a tool 44 or the like can be introduced through an opening 43 and the form-locking element 37 can be moved upward against the tension spring 41 and a desired alignment position of the wing 5 with respect to the frame 2 can be reset with the adjusting screw 35 will. Both the set screw 35 and the opening 43 can only be reached in the opened state of the wing 5 .

The form-locking element 37 can - as shown in FIG. 5 - also be fixed by a plug 45 , which is seated in the opening 43 . This is useful, for example, when installing the hinge arrangement 20 in order to maintain the adjustment range of the automatic adjustment. For this purpose, the plug 45 projects through the leg 46 of the angle component 21 and touches with its outer surface 47 the lower end 48 of the form-locking element 37 in its initial position. According to this embodiment, the plug 45 is only removed from the opening 43 after the wing 5 has been mounted on the frame 2 , so that the positive-locking element 37 only becomes movable.

Fig. 6 shows the form-locking element 37 on an enlarged scale. The form-locking element 37 has a wedge shape on which step-shaped shoulders 50 are arranged. This arrangement of the step-like shoulders 50 ensures that when the load acts in the R direction, the plane surfaces 51 are loaded almost vertically and no force component resulting from the form-locking element 37 perpendicular to the R direction and counter to the F direction results in escape with heavy wings 5 the positive locking element 37 upwards - opposite to the direction F - could cause. The depth 52 of the shoulders 50 determines the minimum possible dimension with which the alignment movement of the alignment element 17 can be fixed. The smaller this depth 52 is chosen, the finer alignment movements can be fixed and maintained.

To a displacement of the planar surfaces against each other lying to facilitate 51, the flat surfaces 51 can be connected by an obtuse angle to the plane surfaces 51 extending, phase-like portions 53rd

Fig. 7 shows an embodiment of an opening device of a tilt-and-turn window, the form-locking elements 37 acting as locking elements consisting of plate-shaped components which are layered side by side in an opening 55 of the adjusting element 36 . The positive locking elements 37 are acted upon on their underside by spring elements. If the positioning arm 56, which slidably guides and extends the positioning element 36, is moved in the direction R by the aligning force — together with the wing 5 — the opening 57 in the positioning arm 56 and the opening 55 in the positioning element 36 partially overlap. If the cover reaches a clear dimension that is greater than the thickness of one of the form-locking elements 37 , this is displaced upwards under the action of the spring element arranged below and locks the extension arm 56 against the adjusting element 36 , which is arranged displaceably thereto, against the direction R.

Since the extension arm 56 is force-free when the - not visible - alignment element 17 acts, no large spring forces are necessary due to the spring elements. Therefore, a configuration can according to the FIG. 7a are selected, wherein the spring elements consist of spring tongues 58 which are mutually parallel and are connected by a common transverse web 59 and form the molding portion 60. The molded part 60 can be produced by stamping or the like from a spring steel and is fastened to the adjusting element 36 .

In order to limit the maximum movement of the interlocking elements 37, the extension arm 56 is closed with a thin-walled cover 61 , also to prevent the ingress of dirt which impairs the mobility of the interlocking elements 37 . This thin-walled cover 61 can be formed, for example, from a removable plastic or sheet metal part.

FIG. 8a and FIG. 8b show a schematic embodiment of the invention, wherein the form locking elements are guided in a fixed position on the frame 2 mounted bearing block 70 37. A tape reel 71 is fixedly connected in the transverse direction to an extension arm of an opening device or the like (not shown). For this purpose, a cantilever 72 of the tape roll 71 projects in front of the fold surface 13 of the frame 2 , which is also not shown here. The tape roll 71 engages around a bearing pin 73 which is guided in a slot-shaped bearing lugs 74 of the bearing block 70 parallel to the frame plane. For this purpose, the bearing block 70 has bearing eyes 74 , in which the interlocking elements 37 are guided along the central axis of the bearing bolt 73 . The bearing eyes 74 are provided at one end with the wedge surfaces 40 , which increase the wall thickness of the bearing eye 74 toward the central transverse axis 75 of the bearing block 70 . The form-locking elements 37 are also provided with wedge surfaces 39 which run in the opposite direction, so that the lateral boundary edges 77 of the form-locking elements 37 facing the bearing pin 73 and provided with a circular segment 76 run parallel to the bearing pin 73 .

Through the interaction of the wing 5 (not shown here) with the alignment element 17 , which is also not shown, the band roller 71 rigidly connected to the latter in the plane of the wing 5 is displaced in the direction R in the bearing bolt 73 enclosed by the band roller 71 . The positive locking elements 37 connected by the force storage device in the form of a spring 78 become free and can move towards one another under the action of the spring 78 until they - due to the wedge surfaces 39 , 40 - with the circular segments 76 again on the - moved by the band roller 71 - Put on the bearing pin 73 and fix or lock its new position caused by the alignment element 17 .

The illustrated embodiment has the advantage over the previously described embodiments that the wing components can be left almost unchanged. Also, devices attached outside of the air gap 15 cannot be adapted to the limited space available and can be easily adapted to the optical conditions by means of a suitable cover cap or the like.

The base plate 79 of the position bracket 70, as can be seen in the illustrated embodiment is symmetrical with respect to configured the central transverse axis 75, so that the bearing block 70 can be used both for right-opening blade 5 as well as to the left opening wings. 5

Just for the sake of shape, it should be pointed out that in this example as well, the wedge surfaces 39 , 40 of the interlocking element 37 and the bearing eye 74 which act with one another can be provided with plane surfaces 51 which run correspondingly perpendicular to the direction of loading.

For the sake of form, it should also be pointed out that here too known, manual adjustment devices in the field of Stay scissors continue to be used, e.g. B. for basic adjustment, can find.

It should also be pointed out that, in the case of very heavy sashes 5, it is advantageous if the form-locking element 37, for example according to FIGS. 2 to 5, bears with the vertical back as large as possible on the vertical angle leg 46 of the angle component 21 in order to tilt or twist the angle component 21 to prevent.

Therefore, it can also be provided that the angle leg 46 has an extension projecting into the recess 38 and / or that the form-locking element 37 is guided along the fold surface 14 of the angle leg 46 . This would also favor the displacement of the form-locking elements 37 with respect to the setting piece 36 .

Reference list

1

window

2nd

frame

3rd

vertical axis of rotation

4th

horizontal axis of rotation

5

wing

6

top hinge

7

lower hinge

8th

Hand lever

9

upper horizontal wing spar

10th

lower horizontal wing spar

11

lower horizontal wing edge

13

Fold surface

14

Fold surface

15

Rebate clearance / chamber size

16

lower horizontal frame spar

17th

Alignment element

18th

front wing edge

19th

20th

upper hinge arrangement

21

Angular component

22

Hinge arm

23

Coupling part

24th

Frame viewing area

25th

Bearing block

26

Bearing journal

27

Hardware groove

28

Cones

29

Cones

30th

Long hole

31

Mushroom head

32

Long hole

33

Mushroom head

34

Tool intervention

35

Set screw

36

Actuator

37

Positive locking element

38

Recess

39

Wedge surface

40

Wedge surface

41

Tension spring

42

Cones

42

'Boundary edge

43

opening

44

Tool

45

Plug

46

leg

47

Lateral surface

48

lower end

49

50

step heels

51

Flat areas

52

depth

53

section
R Direction
FR direction

55

opening

56

Extension arm

57

opening

58

Spring tongue

59

web

60

Molding

61

cover

70

Bearing block

71

Tape roll

72

boom

73

Bearing bolt

74

Bearing eyes

75

Central transverse axis

76

Circle segment

77

Boundary edge

78

feather

79

Base plate

Claims (13)

1. Device for aligning a wing of a door, a window or the like relative to a fixed frame, the wing and frame being connected to one another pivotably about at least a vertical axis of rotation via an axis of rotation which can be adjusted relative to the frame and which is formed by hinge elements, and wherein the hinge consists of at least two hinge parts which are movable relative to one another, a first part being assigned to the sash in a fixed manner and a second fixed to the sash, with an alignment element, which acts at least in the surface-parallel position of the sash and frame, characterized by an or a plurality of locking elements or locking elements which act or act automatically between the hinge parts and which fix the hinge parts to one another and lock them against the alignment movement, the hinge parts being displaceable relative to one another by the alignment element ( 17 ). 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the locking elements consist of positive engagement elements (37), and that the interlocking elements (37) are displaceably arranged between moving away from each other by aligning the boundary edges of the hinge parts. 3. Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the interlocking elements ( 37 ) are provided with wedge surfaces ( 39 , 40 ), the wedge surfaces ( 39 , 40 ) lying against one another and the interlocking elements ( 37 ) being displaceable relative to one another transversely to the direction R of the load are arranged. 4. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the wedge surfaces ( 39 , 40 ) consist of step-like offset, almost perpendicular to a direction opposite to the aligning load direction plane surfaces ( 51 ), the steps by obtuse to the Flat areas ( 51 ) extending sections ( 53 ) are connected. 5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that one of the wedge surfaces ( 40 ) is integrally formed with a hinge arm ( 22 ) fixedly connected to the axis of rotation ( 3 ). 6. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the positive locking elements ( 37 ) consist of plate-shaped components and the abutting boundary edges run almost perpendicular to the direction of loading. 7. Device according to one of claims 3 or 6, characterized in that the positive locking elements ( 37 ) are brought into the locking parts against each other by a force storage device in the hinge parts. 8. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that one of the hinge parts is designed as a hinge arm ( 22 ), one end with a hinge axis forming the bearing bolt ( 26 ) fixed and the other end with the wing-fixed hinge part - angle component 21 - at least longitudinally connected. 9. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that one of the hinge parts is designed as a frame-fixed bearing block ( 70 ), while the second by means of the alignment element ( 17 ) moving hinge part is formed by the bearing bolt ( 73 ) and that the positive locking elements ( 37 ) an energy accumulator are connected to each other. 10. The device according to claim 9, characterized in that the bearing pins ( 73 ) enclosing bearing eyes transversely to the axis of rotation - in the frame planes - are elongated and that the form-locking elements between the narrow side walls of the bearing eyes ( 74 ) and the bearing pin ( 73 ) are arranged . 11. The device according to one of claims 9 or 10, characterized in that the narrow side walls and the form-locking elements ( 37 ) are provided with abutting wedge surfaces ( 39 , 40 ). 12. Device according to one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that two bearing eyes ( 74 ) are arranged symmetrically on a base plate ( 79 ). 13. Device according to one of claims 9 to 12, characterized in that the energy storage device is designed as a tension spring ( 78 ).