DE1961265A1 - Method and device for deforming materials - Google Patents

Description

PATENTANWÄLTE 1961265 Telephone: {02 71) 32409 DIPL-ING. ERICH SCHUBERT τ *, «™ ^ .. ****,« Postal check accounts: DlPL-ING. DIPL-W.-1 NG. G. ZWI RN ER

59 Si «fl« i, P.O. Box 325.

c cm o no

Eiserner Strasse 227 ....... ~ . , "..., F oil Siegen u. Oberhauien (RhId.)

69 164 Zw / Bk «December 5, 1969

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority 11, Charles II Street, London, S.W.1, England

this filing will take priority out of the "British." Patent application Fr. 58493/68 dated Dec. 9, 1968 "claimed.

Method and device for deforming materials

The invention relates to the deformation of Materials and in particular the manufacture of a Guts reduced cross-section of a workpiece by means of extrusion.

During extrusion, the workpiece is subjected to pressure in a container so that it can be extracted from the container through a Opening is extruded, which determines the cross-section of the goods. The pressure can be applied to the workpiece mechanically or transmitted to him by means of a stamp acting on the workpiece in the container ", as with known extrusion. Alternatively, as with hydrostatic extrusion, a liquid under pressure be set, which surrounds the workpiece in the container and causes the extrusion of the workpiece.

A peculiarity that has a practical limitation. of such an extrusion process assists in the fact that the required to carry out the extrusion

'609828/1092

INSPECTED

such pressure depends on the extrusion ratio. The extrusion ratio is the ratio between the size of the cross-sectional area of the workpiece vxiä the size of the cross-sectional area of the extruded material «

Even when processing soft materials, high extrusion ratios (for example in the range of 500; 1} can be achieved by applying extremely high pressures (for example 150-200 tons per square inch / 23,500 to 31,500 kg / cm ² ) to the workpiece in the The manufacture of such containers which can withstand such high pressures is difficult and costly «

The invention is based on the object of a Yerfäiren and to create a right which extrudes the good at such high levels of intrusion, using only moderate pressure to produce on the workpiece in the extrusion container allow"

The subject of the test is a process for the production of a good "/ on rs Susi grant cross-section from a workpiece, which is characterized by the fact that the pressure on you main mass a.s Wariis-ßi'-ii'c.s wA applied to a local region of the workpiece sin additional pressure hzi'i "transmitted v; erd © n _s as the workpiece in the .örtlichen Bereicli se a large stress äaß subject ,, it through an opening, flowing the cross section of the goods bestimmts or flows.

The additional chunk can be done in the local area of the workpiece by a tool acting on the workpiece _s whose work surface has a smaller cross section than the workpiece, and the tool is moved in or on a closed cyclic path, the work surface of the tool in pressure contact with the 7 / Erkstüok is held during at least part of the cyclical path so that the material of the workpiece in the local area V (T.

009828/1092

^BAa ° *> o _mAL ■

is formed "

The method according to the invention for producing a product of reduced cross-section from a workpiece can themselves. «Long ago characterized by the fact that the pressure on the Main mass with a view to reducing the cross-section of the workpiece is applied at a certain point on the workpiece or, is transmitted and that the tool has a material processing surface possesses for this point of the workpiece and is moved so that the material of the workpiece is subject to additional pressure in the area in front of the working surface of the tool and through which the cross-section the opening determining the product is formed.

An embodiment of a device according to the invention to carry out the process and manufacture a

Smaller diameter product from a workpiece comprises a container, a device for generating iron pressure on the main dimensions of the workpiece within the container, a rotatable member with a protruding tool member, which has a material "working surface ₅ a device for driving the © Ürehfearsn member? _: a © öa £ aas the tool member is moved in a circular path such that the working surface of the tool is held in pressure contact with the material of the workpiece, the material of the workpiece in the local area in front of the working surface of the tool being subjected to the additional pressure is exposed and is formed through the opening which determines the cross section of the product.

An alternative embodiment of the device for Execution of the method according to the invention comprises a container, a device for generating pressure for the Main mass of the workpiece inside the container, a tool in the form of a reciprocating punch and a drive device for driving the punch within predetermined limits, with the forward- stroke of the stamp the stamp surface under Sruek in the work-

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BATH ORIGINAL

piece is pressed in, so that the material of the workpiece in ism. local area in front of the punch surface is exposed to an additional bridge and is pressed by a surface leading away from the container, and where j bsim return stroke of the punch the pressure acting on the main mass of the workpiece promotes the material of the workpiece, so that the during the forward stroke of the Stamp extruding material is replaced "

In both embodiments of the device, the Container have tine bore which tapers at one end to a smaller cross section, whereby the pressure also acts on the workpiece in the container in such a way that the End of the workpiece is pressed into the tapered end of the bore dec container and the tool acts on the material of the workpiece in the tapered end of the bore of the container.

Embodiments of the invention will now be described with reference to the drawing, namely · show i

Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section of a first embodiment in Elevation, where the dash-dotted circle II-enclosed Area represents a section along the line I-I of Fig. 2,

FIG. 2 shows a section through a detail according to FIG. 1 in plan; FIG.

FIG. 3 shows a detail from FIG. 1 in a perspective illustration; FIG.

4 shows a longitudinal section of a second embodiment in elevation;

5 shows a detail of FIG. 4 in perspective Representation, partially cut;

6 shows a longitudinal section of a third embodiment in elevation;

7 shows a longitudinal section of a fourth embodiment in elevation:

009828/1092

Pig. 8 a -Detail of the Pig. 7 on a larger scale:

Fig. 9 shows a detail of a modified embodiment the institution according to Pig. 7;

Pig.10 is a longitudinal section of a fifth embodiment in Elevation?

Pig. 11 a detail of a modified embodiment the institution according to Pig. 10;

Pig.12 is a longitudinal section of a sixth embodiment in the Ai .friss;

Pig. 13-a longitudinal section of a seventh embodiment in elevation;

Pig.14 a longitudinal section of an eighth embodiment in Outline:

Pig. 15 a detail in a perspective representation of a in Pig. 14 shown arrangement;

Pig.16 a longitudinal section of a "9" embodiment in elevation:

Pig.17 a longitudinal section of a 10th embodiment in Elevation ί

Pig.i8 an 11th embodiment in a perspective view, partially cut ;.

Pig. 19 a detail in a perspective view a modified device according to Pig. 18:

Pig.20 a detail in perspective representation of a another modification of the arrangement according to Pig '. _18.-

Pig. 21 a detail in a perspective illustration another modified device according to Pig.18;

Pig. 22 a cross section along the line XXII-SXII in Pig. 21 »during

Pig. 23 a cross-section of a detail, the fourth Modification of the device according to Pig. 18 illustrates * reproduces.

009828/1092

In FIGS. 1 and 2 of the drawing, a pressure vessel 1 with a bore 2 is shown. "The hole 2 leads over a curved section 4 at its end to a narrower outlet opening 3. Alternatively, the section 4 can be straight, in the sense of a truncated cone or it can be a concave curvature - as shown in the drawing - or a contain convex curvature, somewhat like a trumpet or bell. A hollow shaft 5 extends from the outside of the container 1 into the opening 3. The hollow shaft 5 is mounted in a high-performance thrust bearing and is supported by a not shown, hydraulic piston supported so that the hollow shaft 5 in and out of the opening 3 can be moved. The hollow shaft

5 is driven by an electric motor. A die block G is attached to the upper end of the hollow shaft 5. The die block 6 has a transverse wedge 7, which is seated in a slot 8 in the upper end of the hollow shaft 5. As can be seen from Fig. 3 .; a support member 9 for the die protrudes from the surface of the die block 6. The die support member has an inclined flat surface 10. A housing 11 in the die holder is provided with a die insert 12. Since the housing 11 has, starting from the surface 10 of the die holder 9, a conical inlet 13 to the confluence of the die insert 12. The matrix insert 12 is connected to the bore of the hollow walls 5 via a channel 14.

When operating the device is in the container 1

15th

a bar or stopper held by dash-dotted a Lines in Fig. 1 is indicated. Hydraulic fluid in the space 16 around the ingot 15 is pressurized Etched in order to apply a pressure to the bar 15 from all sides exercise so that the end of the ingot or plug in the curved portion 4 at the end of the bore 2 of the container 1 is pressed. The shaft 5 is used to drive the block

6 powered. The material of the ingot or plug 15 in front of the surface 10 of the die holder 9 is an additional subject to local pressure from the mechanical force exerted by the surface 10 of the die carrier S on

009828/1092

the material of the ingot "or plug, runs out when the Die block 6 is rotated. The material of the block which is swept over by the die holder during each rotation of the die block 6, through the die insert 12 extruded. The extrusion of the ingot material is subject to the combined effects of the all-round encircling Pressure, how this acts on the ingot or plug as a result of the hydraulic fluid, and represents local additional compressive force exerted by the surface 10 of the die holder 9. The extruded wire-shaped Product reaches the outside from the Ilatrizen insert 12 through the channel 14 and through the bore of the hollow shaft 5. The extrusion takes place continuously while the hollow shaft 5 and the ingot or plug 15 are rotating continuously through the pressure of the hydraulic fluid is promoted in the area of Matrizenblockeπ 6.

To a rotation of the ingot or plug 15 in the To prevent container 1, the curved · ': section 4 of the Container interior 2 be provided with grooves 17, wio from the Pig. 1 shows. Including the material of the ingot or plug is brought into engagement with the grooves 17.

As in the application P 14 52 467.9 »(attorney's file number 65 077) by the same applicant is, a direct mechanical force can also be applied to the ingot or plug 15 by means of a punch or a Ram, which goes into the rear iOnd of the hole 2 of the container:; - 1 enter, act. The one from the ram or the punch applied'mecliani ο before force supports the axial Forces which promote the material of the ingot or plug in the area of the Ilatrizenblockes - ', and und sr also supports the Bruciosysten. which the material through the Ilatrizeneinöatz 12 crs.

Especially in the case of processing soft The all-round Itruek acting in the ingot or plug can be exerted by a direct mechanical force on the material Bars or plugs are replaced, for example by means of of a punch, as is known from mechanical extrusion.

009828/1092 _oWälNM .

An exemplary embodiment of a device for extruding a _{lead ingot with a diameter of 2 y} 5 inches (63.5 nm) has the following parameters:

Inner diameter of the liatric insert 12 0.1 inch / 12-

-2.54 mm. '■

Ratio of the size of the surface 10- of the die age to the size of the opening of the die insert 4: 1.

Hydraulic fluid pressure 4t / 'square inch / about 630 kg / cm ² .

Ratio of the size of the area of the container he "bore 2 to Size of the area of the die block 6 - 7: 1.

The transfer of a lead ingot or plug of 2 1/2 "or 6.3.5 mm diameter to 0.1" / 2.54 mm diameter wire "includes a taper or reduction ratio of 625: 1. In the one used Pressure of 4t / square inch / 63o kg / cm could be a taper ratio of only 6: 1 can be achieved as long as simple hydrostatic extrusion is used. At the same operating pressure can therefore with the method according to the invention a hundredfold Increase in the achievable extrusion ratio has been achieved. Around a taper ratio of 625: 1 to achieve with a lead ingot or plug., would, after Another point of view, through simple hydrostatic extrusion, 3xn pressure of about 60t / square inch / 9450 kg / cm is required soin. This represents a pressure reduction in the order of 13 of 10.

As a further example of a facility for processing of a 4 inch or about 100 mm copper bar The following parameters would occur in diameter:

009828/1092

BAP OBiQiNAk

Die insert 12 diameter 0.125 in. Or

3.175 mm.

Ratio of the size of the surface 10 of the, Matrizenstütse.

to the size of the insert opening - 9: 1 · Hydraulic fluid pressure 50t / square inch / 7875 kg / cm.

Power of the drive motor for the shaft 5 - 25 "to 3ο HP or 13 to 22 kW.

Ratio of the diameter of the bore 2 to the diameter of the die block β - 4: 1.

Speed of rotation of the shaft 5 - 200 revolutions per minute.

In a setup having the above parameters, we 1 reduced a 4 inch or about 100 mm diameter billet to a 0.125 inch or about 3 mm wire. If this were to be done with the simple hydrostatic extrusion process, the extrusion ratio would be approximately 1000: 1 and in the case of a copper ingot, prohibitively high liquid pressure of nearly 165t / square inch / 26 kg / cm "" would be required to achieve a simple hydrostatic extrusion.

Although the new facility has its main application in the extrusion of harder metals such as copper, finds, it can also be used for the extrusion of soft metal, for example Aluminum. Albeit a soft metal like aluminum straight to wire with the simple hydrostatic extrusion can be processed at practically achievable intrusion pressures, so leads yet the use of the new facility results in a considerable reduction in pressure and thus in savings dor manufacturing costs of the pressure vessel and the pressure generating device, which represent expensive costs.

In Figures 4 and 5 of the drawings, a chamber 21 and its bore 22 is shown. A rejuvenation or ReduJzi ar matrix 23 is screwed into the end of the bore 22.

009828/1092

- ίο -

The die 23 is located in the bore 22 by means of a copper miter ring 24 and a rubber linear ring 25. ■ sealed. A sleeve-shaped, rotatable matrix block 26 fits on a stationary punch 27 · The end 28 of the sleeve-shaped die block 26 tapers to fit into the parallel outlet 29 of the female taper 23 to fit in. A Katrizon member 30 protrudes from the annular end face 31 of the X-Iatrizonblockes 26 out, E, ine Hatrizenoberflache 32 in the Matrizenglisd 30 leads via a channel 33 through the tube-shaped trained Uatricanblock 26. The oi "tsfest arranged punch 27 has sin pointed end 34 with flats 35 · The stationary Sfcemp. 31 27 v / ird held by a main or base frame and the sleeve-shaped trained Matrizenblook 26 is rotatable on this stationarily arranged stem pole 27 by means of a heavy-duty, bearing not shown rotatably mounted.

In the operation of the execution described above, an ingot or plug 36 is exposed to the pressure of a hydraulic fluid 37 ₅ v / elchs the ingot bsv /. The plug in the bore 22 of the chamber 21 emits. The pressure of the liquid 37 throws the ingot or plug into a pressure system that acts on all sides and also forces the ingot or plug 36 longitudinally into the tapering matrix 23. The front end of the ingot or plug 36 becomes in the The jamming die 23 is pressed in over the pointed end 34 of the stationary die 27. Par sleeve-shaped die block 26 is driven on the stationary die 27 and thus drives the die member 30 through the bar or plug material at the mouth of the reduced die 23. The material of the bar or plug in front of the surface of the die member 30 is subjected to an additional, locally acting pressure system, which is exerted by the mechanical force on the bar or plug material in the reducing die 23 through the surface of the matrix member 30 comes about.

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BATH

The material of the Ingot "or plug is extruded through die opening 32. The extrusion of the ingot or plug snmat er i as is under the double effect of the pressure acting on all sides on the ingot or plug as a result of the pressure the hydraulic fluid and dos locally additional pressure that is applied at the mouth of the reducing die 23 is built up in the ingot or plug material in front of the surface of the die member 30,

The wire-like product extruded through the opening 32 travels through the channel 33 in the die block and is wound onto a Spul2 which is arranged concentrically to the stack 27 which is arranged in a stationary manner. Under the pressure of the hydraulic fluid 37, the ingot or plug 36 is continuously conveyed into the reducing die 23, so that the material extruded through the opening 32 into the die member 30 is replaced. The pointed end 34 of the stationary punch 27 acts as a guide for the ingot or plug material, which comes into the area of the annular end surface 31 of the sleeve-shaped die block 35 End 34 of the stationary punch 27 with the heap of the ingot or plug 36 contributes to preventing rotation of the ingot or plug: together with the sleeve-shaped matrix back 26.

The sleeve-shaped tube block 26 must be driven with a force ₄ that it generates an additional pressure load in the ingot or plug material, which is necessary to complete the extrusion. In addition, part of the driving force of the shell-shaped mold block 26 is required to overcome the friction between the annular end surface 31 of the mold block 26 and the ingot or plug material. Since the die block 26 is in frictional contact with the ingot material only over the relatively narrow surface of the annular end surface 31; will only be a minor one

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BATH ORIGINAL

Proportion of the driving force of the die block 26 to overcome the friction used. .

This must be done with the Pig facility. 1, in which the entire end face of the die block 6 is in contact with the ingot or plug. In the device according to FIG. 1 there is accordingly also a greater loss of efficiency, since more redundant work has to be done in overcoming the friction between the full end surface of the die block and the ingot or plug. During each revolution of the die block 6, the die member 30 removes a semi-torus-shaped section of the resin or plug material. Depending on the mean diameter (D) of the screw circle of the rotating die member 30, the pressure (P) in the bar or Plug material in front of the rotating die member and from the shear strength (6s) of the ingot or plug, a maximum area (a) _{f can be determined} for the end face of the die member 30, above which the half torus-shaped section shears the ingot or plug instead of extruding it. If the die member 30 has an area (a) smaller than this maximum, the half torus is "clamped", ie its circumferential length comprises a surface area which does not shear. ♦

Fig. 5 shows an alternative device to that device shown in Figs. As can be seen from Fig. 6, a chamber 41 has a bore 42. A taper die 43 is screwed into the end of the bore 42 and fitted. The die 43 is in the bore 42 by means of a copper miter ring 44 and a G-uianischnurringes 45 sealed. A tubular, rotatable Hatrizenblook 46 has a tapered end portion 47, the one in the outlet provided with parallel fences 48 of the taper die 43 fits into it. A die link 49 protrudes from the annular end face 50 of the die block 46. Eiiie die opening 51 in the llatrizen member 49 is connected to a channel 52, which passes through the die block 46.

009828/109 2

bad S

The other end of the bore 42 of the chamber 41 is of a screw plug 53 closed, which is in the bore • 42 by means of a copper miter ring 54 and a copper cord ring 55 is sealed. A mandrel 56 formed in one piece with the screw plug 53 extends coaxially through the bore 42 of the chamber 41. The lower end of the mandrel 56 extends into the bore 57 of the die block 46. A channel 58 leads radially through the wall of the chamber 41 into the bore 42. The rotatable die block 46 is held by means of a heavy-duty bearing, not shown. - -

009828/1092

When using the device shown in FIG a tubular ingot 59 is placed on the mandrel 56 in the bore 42 of the chamber 41 pushed. The hydraulic surrounding the ingot 59 Liquid 60 in the chamber -rird over the radial Channel 58 in the wall of chamber 41 is pressurized. The pressure of the liquid 60 subjects the ingot 59 to a ' pressure system acting from all sides and also presses the bar 59 into the reducing die 43. The rotating die block 46 is driven to drive the die member 49 through the ingot material at the mouth of the reducing die 43.

The die material in front of the surface of the die member 49 is subjected to an additional, locally acting pressure system, which results from the mechanical force which is exerted on the surface of the die member 49 on the ingot material when the die block 46 is rotated. The ingot material at the mouth of the reducing die 43 is passed through the die opening 51 in the die member 49 under the additional action of the pressure acting on the die material from all sides through the pressure of the hydraulic fluid 60 and the locally acting pressure in the die material at the mouth of the reducing die 43 the force exerted by the die member 49 is extruded. The wire-shaped material extruded through the die opening 51 travels through the channel 52 in the die block 46 and is wound onto an externally arranged take-up reel. In the device of FIG. 6, as in the devices of FIGS. 4 and 5, a loss of efficiency due to friction between the annular end surface 50 of the die block 46 and the ingot in relation to the devices of FIGS. 1 to 3, in which the Die block 6 a vnll ^r - circular 3nd "laugh / - has 7 r'i ^ -iii ''"'rfca.1:"';: iit £«: -? A ingot ' _{. Is t} avoided.

009828/1092

BAD ORISINAL

The device shown in FIG. 7 comprises a pressure vessel 61 which has an elongated bore 62. The container 61 is fastened vertically on a base plate 63 by means of a flange 64 which attaches to a hub 65 at the lower end of the container 61 is screwed on. The flange 64 is fastened to the base plate 63 by means of screw bolts 66. A reducing die 67 is fitted into the upper end of the container bore. A circumferential groove 68 on the outside of the reduction die 67 contains a cord ring 69 which seals the die in the container bore 62. The die 67 rests on ♦ a base ring 70 which is inserted into the upper screw end 71 of the container bore 62 up to a stop on an outer one Plansch 72 is screwed onto the base ring 70. A carrier plate 73 is rotatably supported on the upper end of the container 61 via a thrust bearing 74 and mates with a holder 75 for a rotatable Matrizenbio eic 76. As shown in Fig. As can be seen, the reduction die 67 has a parallel-walled outlet 77 and the rotatable die block 76 has an end piece 78 of reduced diameter which fits into the parallel-walled outlet 77 of the reduction die 67.

The carrier plate 73 is round and has an outer edge 79, which receives the outer running surface 80 of the thrust bearing 74 " The inner race 81 of the thrust bearing 74 fits into a rotation 82 at the top of the container 61. The folder 75 for the rotatable die block 76 is cylindrical with a central bore 83 and has an external thread for screwing into a central opening 84 in the carrier plate 73. The rotatable die block 76 fits into a counter bore 85 of the central bore 83 in the holder 75. The rotatable die block 76 has elongated keyways 86, in which springs 67 engage in the counter bore 85 of the holder 75. The rotatable die block 76 has a blind ending · =. Bore 88 which corresponds to the central bore 83 in the holder. As can also be seen from FIG. 8, houses an inclined bore 89 in the lower end surface 90 of the rotary

009828/1092

BAD OFHGtNAL

ble die block 76 an extrusion die 91, which partially from the lower end surface 90 of the rotatable die block 76 protrudes. An extension of 92 smaller durohmeters the bore 89 ste.ht with the bore 88 of the rotatable Die block 76 in connection.

For the supply of liquid ^ under high pressure is the Bore 62 of the container 61 connected to a line 95 and the channel 94 in the container 61, from the hub 65 to the bore 62 leads. The line 93 is connected to the channel 94 Hub 65 connected by means of a connecting nut 96.

On the carrier plate 73 there are disk-shaped weights 97 for loading the rotatable die block 76 stacked up. · The lowest weight is in a bundle 98 the upper surface of the support plate 73. Figure 7 in the drawing also shows means for supporting a Ingots 99 in the bore 62 of the container 61. This support device for the ingot comprises a blind-ended nylon sleeve 100 supported by a helical spring 101, which on a flanged hub 102 at the end of bore 62 in FIG the container 61 is seated.

9 shows a modification of the device according to ⁴ PIg. 7. In the device according to FIG. 9, the rotatable die block 76 has a through-hole 103 which fits onto a stationarily arranged punch 104 which is fastened to a main frame of the system, not shown. The bore of the rotatable die block 76 has a counter bore 105 at the upper end corresponding to the central bore 83 in the holder 75. A channel 106 leads from the extrusion die 91 to the counter bore 105 in the rotatable die block %. The lower end 107 of the stationary punch 104 is pointed and extends below the lower surface 90 of the rotatable die block 7-6.

009828/1092

During operation of the device according to FIG. 7, the liquid surrounding the ingot 99 in the bore 62 of the chamber 61 becomes 108 pressurized to subject the ingot 99 to compression. Under the effect of the hydraulic fluid 48 the bar 69 is subject to an upward thrust, so that the « The front end of the bar 99 is pressed into the reducing die 67. The weights 67 load the carrier plate 73 to to hold the rotatable die block 76 against the upward thrust of the ingot 99. There will be enough weights 97 stacked to slightly overload the carrier plate 73, with the main weight to accommodate the upward thrust of the Ingot 99 is used on the end face of the rotatable die block. Carrier plate 73, rotatable die block 76 and the Weights 97 rotate together. The carrier plate 73 can, as shown in FIG. 7 shows, driven by means of a V-groove belt 109 which engages in a ring 110 with a Y-groove, the ring 110 sitting on the edge 79 of the carrier plate 73. By driving the die block 76, the die member 91 is reduced in a circular path through the material on the End face of the ingot 99 driven. The ingot material in the path of the die member 91 is passed through the die member 91 extruded and the extruded material emerges from the member 91 through the extension 92 of the bore 89 and becomes duroh the bore 88 of the rotatable die member 16 and the central bore 83 in the holder 75 are removed.

^{T </} hen the die block 76 rotates, the billet is fed continuously 99 upwardly into the Reduziermatrize 67 and replaces the extruded at each rotation of the die block 66 material.

009828/1092

. The device of Fig. 8 operates in a similar manner, except that the rotatable die block 76 is mounted on a stationary one The punch 104 rotates, the lower pointed end 107 of which penetrates the end face of the ingot 99. The extruded Gut migrates from the die member 91 through the longitudinal channel 106 into the rotatable die member 76 and is through the Counter bore 105 of the rotatable die member 76 and the central bore 93 in the holder 75 conveyed away. In the device according to FIG. 8, the sliding friction is between the annular End face of rotatable iiatric member 76 and the end face of the ingot 99 less than in the device according to FIG. 7, in which the entire circular end face of the rotatable die member 76 is in frictional contact with the end face of the billet 99. Therefore, in the device of FIG. 8, the to overcome the friction between the end surface of the rotatable die member 76 and the end surface of the billet Work smaller than in the facility according to Fir. 7, bai of an additional power tin 'drive of the rotatable Die link 76 "is required" In the device according to FIG. The lower., Pointed end 107 of the stationary arranged sterapals 104 place the ingot material in the path of the die member 91 and the static friction between the lower, pointed end 107 of the stationary The punch 104 and the end face of the ingot 99 support the Prevention of rotation of billet 99 in chamber 61.

In FIG. 10 of the drawing, a chamber 111 is shown which has a bore 112. One end of the hole the chamber 111 is designed in the sense of a reducing die 113. A plunger 114 enters the other end of the bore 112f of the chamber 111. The plunger 114 is in the bore 112 by means a copper miter ring 115 and a rubber cord ring 116 sealed. A reciprocating plunger 117 is at the mouth of the reducing die 113 with axial alignment with the bore

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BATH ORIGINAL

112 outer chamber 111 attached. The plunger 117 has a bore 118, which is constricted in the sense of a die opening 119 at the end is.

During operation of the device shown in FIG. 10, the liquid 120 enveloping the ingot 121 in the chamber 11 is pressurized by the force of the piston 114. The liquid 120 is kept at a constant pressure high enough to cause the extrusion of the end of the ingot 111 into the reduction die 113 up to the end face of the piston 117. However, the pressure in the liquid 120 is not so great as to cause extrusion of the ingot 111 through the die opening in the piston 117. The plunger 117 resists the smaller end face ^ of the billet 121 at the mouth of Reduzieraatrize 113, so that the material of the billet _r is extruded 121 through the opening 119 in the piston 117 when the piston 117 forward into the billet 127 in the direction of arrow 123 moves.

The material of the ingot «at the mouth of the reducing die 113 extruded through the opening 119 under additional animal Effect of the pressure acting on the bar on all sides which is generated by the pressure of the liquid 120, and δ £ 3 local, additional pressure that is generated at the end of the bar by the mechanical force of the piston 117. The piston 117 is advanced to a front limit and then becomes withdrawn tending to leave a cavity at the end of the ingot of the same diameter as the piston 117. However, when the piston 117 is withdrawn, the pressure of the liquid 120 acting on the ingot 121 conveys that ingot 121 forwards into the reducing die 113, so that the cavity formed by the retraction of the piston 117 closes. This The process is repeated until the majority of the barrena 121 is extruded.

009828/1092

ORIGINAL

Typical operating parameters of such an embodiment of the device for extruding a copper ingot are as follows Diameter of the bar 121 - about 100 mm or 4 ZiIl Diameter of the piston 117 at the confluence of the reducing die 113 - 25.4 mm or 1 ZnIl

Die opening diameter 119 - 6.35 ™ i or 0.25 ".

Liquid pressure 120 - 19018 kg / cm ² or 75 tons / square z-> pressure of piston 117 on the forward extrusion stroke - 11024 kg / am, or 70 tons / square inch.

The movement of the piston 117 is small, for example 6.35 mm in the above example and the speed of the reciprocating Floating is fast, for example 2 cycles per second.

The limit condition is reached when the surface pressure on the piston 117 during the forward stroke is approximately equal to the Pressure in the liquid 120 is. Higher surface pressures lead to leaks in the liquid through the reducing die. 113. At this boundary condition the total extrusion ratio approaches the square of the ratio, as is normally the case with simple static extruding with a Liquid pressure according to the present method is possible.

Fig. 11 shows a modified embodiment of the Device in which the mouth of the reducing die 113 leads into a chamber 124. The piston 117 works in the chamber 124- and during the return stroke of the piston 117, the ingot 121 is pushed through the reducing die 113 into the chamber 124 by means of the Fluid pressure 120 extruded in the main chamber 11. On the forward stroke of the piston 117, that in the chamber 124 becomes Material through die opening 119 in the piston 117 extruded,

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BATH

FIGS. 12 and 13 show further variants of the Pig device. 10. - -

In Fig. 12, a chamber 121 is shown, the one Has bore 132. A reducing die 133 is in one Screwed into the end of the bore 132 of the chamber 131. The reducing die 133 is in the bore 132 by means of a copper miter ring 134 and a cord ring seal 135 sealed. the Reducing die 133 has a conical nozzle 136 which leads into a cylindrical section 137. A radial passage leads from the cylindrical part 137 of the reducing die 133 and has an extrusion die opening 139 at the inner end. The radial Sang 138 in the reducing die 133 stands with a, corresponding radial passage HO in the chamber 131 in connection. A reciprocating piston 141 penetrates the cylindrical Section 137 of the reducing die 132.

During operation of the device shown in FIG. 12, the liquid 142 surrounding an ingot 143 is in the chamber 131 pressurized, for example by means of a piston operating in the bore of the chamber 131 behind the ingot 143. The liquid 142 is brought to such a pressure that an extrusion of the ingot through the nozzle 136 into the cylindrical Section 137 of the reducing die 133 takes place. However, the pressure of the liquid 142 is not so great as that of extrusion dos Barrene 143 would take place through the die opening 139. The piston 141 is in the cylindrical portion 137 of the Reducing die 133 moved back and forth. On the forward stroke of the piston 141, the ingot material becomes in the cylindrical portion 137. the reduction die 133 is subjected to an additional pressure by the force of the piston 141. The ingot material in the cylindrical portion 137 of the reduction die 133 extruded through the die opening 139 under the combined pressure system, which results from the pressure exerted on all sides of the ingot material by the liquid 142 and the additional, local pressure, which is applied to the ingot material in the cylindrical portion 137 of the reducing die 133 by the

00 9828/1092

ORIGINAL BATHROOM

Force of the piston 141 comes about.

The piston 141 is advanced to a front limit and then withdrawn. When the piston 141 is withdrawn, the liquid pressure 142 conveys further ingot material through the nozzle 136 into the cylindrical section 137 of the reduction die 133. This cycle is repeated until the bulk of the ingot 143 is extruded. The extruded Product passes out through radial passages 138 and 140 in reducing die 133 and chamber 131.

In Fig. 13, a chamber 151 with a bore 152 is shown. A reduction die 153 is in one end of the bore

152 of the chamber 151 screwed. The reducing die 153 is in the bore 152 by means of a copper miter ring 154 and a rubber ring 155 sealed. The reducing die

153 has a conical nozzle 156 which opens into a cylindrical section 157. The reciprocating piston 158 penetrates concentrically into the cylindrical part 157 of the reducing die 153. The piston 158 is of a smaller diameter than the inner diameter of the cylindrical portion 157 of the reducing die 153.

In operation of the device shown in FIG. 13, liquid 159 becomes in the chamber 151 surrounding the ingot 160 put under pressure. The liquid pressure 159 is chosen to be large enough to allow the billet 160 to be extruded through the nozzle 156 into the to cause cylindrical portion 157 of the reduction die 153, but is not so large that an extrusion of the ingot material from the cylindrical portion 157 of the reducing die around the piston 158 would take place. The piston 158 is in the cylindrical Section 157 of the reducing die 153 moved back and forth. On the forward stroke of the piston 158, the ingot material becomes in the cylindrical portion 157 of the reduction die 153 exposed to the additional pressure from the force of the piston 158. The ingot material in the cylindrical section 157

0 09828/1092

BATH ORIGINAL

the reducing die 153 extrudes as a tube around the forward-pressing piston 158 under the combined pressure system, which of the pressure acting on all sides and originating from the hydraulic fluid 159 and the additional, local pressure arises, which on the ingot material in the cylindrical portion 157 of the reducing die 153 by the force of the piston 158 is generated. The piston 158 is advanced to a forward limit and then withdrawn. When the piston 158 is withdrawn, the fluid pressure 159 continues to deliver ingot material through the nozzle 156 in the cylindrical section 157 of the reducing die

153. This cycle is repeated until the majority of the ingot 116 e "has trudged.

In FIG. H, a chamber 161 is shown which has a bore 162. A reduction die 163 is in the end of the Bore 162 of the chamber 161 is screwed in. The Die 163 is in the bore 162 of the chamber 161 by means of a copper miter ring 164 and a rubber cord 165 sealed. The nozzle of the reducing die 163 is shaped like a wedge and has two flat converging surfaces (see Fig. 15). A reciprocating piston 167 is in a radial bore 168 is guided in the reducing die 163 and the elbow 161 has a corresponding radial bore 169 to receive the shaft 170 of the piston 167. The piston 167 has a bore 171 which tapers at its end to form a matrix opening 172.

In operation of the device, the liquid surrounding the ingot 174 in the bore 162 of the chamber 161 is pressurized. The liquid 173 is maintained at a constant pressure, which is chosen to be sufficiently high to cause extrusion of the end of the I-loop 173 into the reducing die 163. Tor piston 167 is then driven into the side surface 175 of the reduced end of the billet 174 on the forward stroke, so that the material of the Brrre ^ ⁰ through the die opening 172 in

009828/1092

BATH

the piston 167 is extruded when, the piston 167 after moved forward. The material of the ingot in the reducing die 163 extrudes through the die opening 172 below the

additional action of the all-round acting on dfeji ingots

¹ I kenden pressure through the liquid 173 and the local, additional pressure, which is applied to the Barremnaireirlal in the reducing die 163 by the mechanical force of the piston 167.

The piston 167 ^T -r is advanced to a forward limit and then withdrawn, tending to leave a cavity corresponding to the diameter of the piston 167 in the reduced end of the ingot. As the piston 167 is withdrawn, the pressure of the liquid 173 acts on the ingot 174 and conveys further ingot material into the reducing die 163 to fill this cavity when the piston 165 is withdrawn. This cycle is repeated until the bulk of the ingot 174 is extruded.

In the device of Fig. 10, the movement of the piston is small (e.g. ¹ stroke of 6.35 mm) and the reciprocating speed is large (e.g. 2 cycles per second).

In the device shown in Fig. 10, the thrust tries of the piston 117 to lift the tip of the ingot 121 away from the reduction die 113. The limit condition is then reached, when the thrust of the piston 117 on the forward stroke is sufficiently great around the tip of the ingot 121 of the reducing die 113 to move. This condition occurs when the surface pressure on piston 117 during its forward stroke approximately is equal to the fluid pressure surrounding the ingot. A higher thrust of piston 117 leads to leakage of the liquid ™, between the tip of the ingot and the reducing die 113.

009823/1092

BATH ORIGINAL

Although the device of FIG. 10 has higher extrusion ratios than achievable with simple hydrostatic extrusion, the limit extrusion ratio is which High can be achieved, approximately the square of the ratio, which in simple hydrostatic extrusion with the same Pressure is achievable.

In the device of FIGS. 14 and 15 there is a small one Force component effective, which tries to lift the reduced end of the billet from the reduction die 163. This lies based on the fact that the piston 167 is the material, a main load 6, which is greater than the discharge load Y of the material, and under these conditions in a transverse force acting at right angles to the direction of movement of the piston 167 is effective. The component of this lateral force which acts on the bottom of the reducing die 163 tends to damage the ingot move away from the reducing die 163. However, the absolute value of this shear force is only the difference between the Principal force 6 and the application force Y of the material equal, i.e.

Lateral force = 6 - Y.

The axial load or normal stress 6, which acts in the bar material in the direction of the movement of the piston 167, disappears along the path taken by piston 167, i.e. this voltage has a maximum just before the Piston 167. Thus, of course, the transverse stress or shear stress in the ingot material increases at a similar rate and it is the main transverse load that tries to lift the ingot away from the reducing die. However, in the device described above, in which the piston 167 penetrates the ingot material at a right angle, the force, which tries to lift the bar away from the Roduziermatrize, much smaller than in the device according to FIG. 10, at which of the piston 117 penetrates axially into the end face of the ingot. Therefore, higher extrusion rates are required in do-x facilities

or ExtrusimRverhä ¹ tnispe

BAD ORiGlNAL 009828/1092

achievable than in the device of FIG. 10, in which a limit extrusion ratio due to the force of the piston 117 on the billet is achieved when the ingot is lifted off the reducing die 113.

In Fig. 16, a chamber 181 is shown which has a bore 182 has. A die 163 is screwed into the end of the bore of the chamber 161. The die 183 is in the bore by means of a copper miter ring 184 and a rubber ring 185 sealed. The die 183 has a tapered portion 186 and an extrusion opening 187. A reciprocating piston 188 is fitted in a radial bore 189 in die 183 and leads from the tapered one Section 186 of the die 183 away. Chamber 181 has a corresponding radial bore 190 around the main shaft 181 of the piston 188 to receive.

In operation, the device shown in Fig. 12 surrounds Liquid 182 enters ingot 193 in bore 182 of chamber 181 and is pressurized. The liquid 192 is on brought such pressure that the end of the Baxrens 193 in the tapered portion 186 of the die 183 is pressed in, but is not so high> that the billet 193 is extruded through the extrusion opening 187. The piston 188 is then between the position shown in Fig. 12 and a forward position, in which the piston 188 in the tapered; Section 186 of the die 183 penetrates, 'moved back and forth' On the forward stroke of the piston 188, the ingot material in the tapered section 186 of the die 183 is passed through the Force of the piston 188 subjected to an additional pressure. The ingot material in the tapered section 186 of FIG Die 183 is extruded through opening 187 under the combined pressure system applied by the pressure applied to the ingot material / pressure acting on all sides by means of the hydraulic fluid and the additional local pressure on the ingot material is formed in the tapered portion 186 of the die 183 due to the force of the piston 188.

009828/1092

BATH ORIGINAL

The piston 188 is advanced to its front limit and then withdrawn. When the piston 188 is withdrawn the fluid pressure 192 calls for more ingot material into the tapered portion 186 of FIG Die. 183.

■ IJ ^; '"* ■

'This cycle is repeated until the main quantity of the bar 193 is extruded.

In FIG. 17 of the drawing, a chamber 201 is shown which has a bore 202. A hedging matrix 203 is screwed into the end of the bore 202 of the chamber 201. The reducing matrix 203 is sealed in the bore 202 by means of a copper miter ring 204 and a rubber cord 205. The nozzle of the reducing die 203 'is wedge-shaped and has rwei flat, kc-nvev ^ i -'- rrn ^ e surfaces 206; A reciprocating piston 207 is concentrically fitted in a radial bore 208 in the reduction die 203. Di ': - Bore 208 has a reduced diameter at its inner end and forms an extrusion opening 209 there. The piston 207 has a smaller diameter than the inner diameter = intrusions *: 5 opening 209. The chamber 201 has a · . R-idialbohrunr 2V ">, which the radial bore 203 in the reducing die 2 ⁿ ~ 'r.it.-marks.

In the Bt-tr i .b that in Pig. 17 ic _; The device shown is encircling the ingot £ 12 in the chamber 201 - liquid 211 under pressure .or = · -etzt. The liquid 211 is brought to a truck so that ixtrusim a ™ SnIo d --.- s ingot 212 occurs in the nozzle of the Rc-duricrinatrize 203, but the pressure is not so great that the barrage is extruded from the nozzle of the Reduziorrc -'- trizr 203 through thee extrusion opening 209 to the piston 207 vcrk) rri "η ^v ould. the KOLBON 2 Zl is the zv.'ischen shown in Fig. lag and a front! position, in v / hich the Piston 207 in di ". X: ε ο the reduction matrix 203 extends in, back and forth

009828/1092

ORIGINAL BATHROOM

-28 - '

moved here. During the forward stroke of the piston 207, the ingot material in the nozzle of the reducing die 203 is subjected to additional pressure by the force of the piston 207- The ingot material in the nozzle of the die 203 is extruded as a tube through the extrusion opening 209 around the piston 207. The extrusion of the ingot material during the preheating stroke of the piston 207 occurs under the combined pressure system, which is caused by the pressure acting on all sides of the ingot material due to the pressure fluid 211 and the additional pressure on the ingot material in the nozzle of the reducing die 203 due to the force of the piston 207 is given. The piston is advanced to its front limit and is then withdrawn. ^{·! /} \ Fenn retracting the piston 207, the fluid pressure promotes 211 further bar material in the nozzle of the Reduziermatrize 203. The cycle is repeated as long as is xtrudiert c-up the bulk of the ingot.

A chamber 221 having a bore 222 is shown in FIGS. 1-8. A rotary die 223 is screwed into the end of the bore 222. For the sake of clarity of illustration, the chamber 221 and the reducing die 223 are shown in half-section. The Matrize- 223 is _w sealed in the bore 222 by means of a Ä.upfergehrungsringes 224 and Oines G-ummischnurringes 225th A sleeve-shaped rotatable die block 226 is rotatably supported on a stationary punch 227. The end 228 of the rotatable die block 226 is smaller in order to fit into the parallel-walled outlet 229 of the reduction die 223. The annular end surface 231 of the die block 226 is designed in the sense of a fixed stop member 230. The stop member 230 has a front vertical surface 232 and a rear inclined surface 233. A die opening 234 is provided in the annular end face 231 of the die block 226 in front of the Y anterior surface 232 of the stop member. An elongated G-ang 235 in the die block 226 leads away from the die opening 234.

009828/1092

The arranged punch 227 has a pointed end 236 and is attached to a main frame, while the die block 226 rotatably mounted on the stationarily arranged punch 227 by means of a heavy-duty bearing (not shown) is.

In the operation of the device described above, one is indicated by dash-dotted lines in the drawing Ingot 237 the pressure of the hydraulic pressure surrounding the ingot 237 Fluid in bore 222 is exposed to chamber 221. The fluid pressure sets the ingot 237 to an all-round effect Pressure system and also pushes the bar lengthways into the reducing die 237. The front end of the bar 237 is in the reducing die 223 over the pointed The end 236 of the stationary punch 237 is pressed in. The rotatable die block 226 is on the stationary ar>. ~ g & assigned stamp 22? driven and so drives the stop member 230 through the ingot material at the mouth of the reducing die 223. The bar material in front of the stop member 230 is subjected to an additional pressure system by the force of the stop member 230. The "penetrated" by the stop member 230 Ingot material is extruded through die opening 234 under the combined action of the all-round Barron 237 applied pressure due to the hydraulic fluid and the additional pressure on the ingot material in the Mouth of the reducing die 223 as a result of the force of the stop member 230. The pressure applied by the stop member 230, which is effective to contribute to the extrusion acts in the billet material in the direction of the die opening 234 parallel on the vertical front surface 232 of the stop member 230. DLo tension is approximately the surface or normal tension (6), cLto the stop member 10 applied to the bar material • »rird, little or the resulting tension (Y) of the ingot material.

009828/1092

BATH ORIGINAL

In the arrangements according to FIG. 1 _r 4, 6 and 7, "in which the die opening in said die member sits, which protrudes from the FLäohe of the rotatable die block, the achievable at the die member extrusion ratio is equal to the ratio of the size of the area of Matrizengliedes to the Size of die opening. An extrusion ratio on the die member which approaches the fy'ert 1: 1 would require a size of the die opening approximately equal to the size of the area of the die member, which would mean that the die member would be impractically thin-walled In other words, in the devices according to FIGS. 1, 4, 6 and 7, the size of the die opening and therefore the achievable extrusion ratio is limited by the size of the die member. This restriction does not occur in the device according to FIG. 18, since the die opening 234 is separate from the stop member 230 so that the size of the die opening is not limited by the Size of the stop member 230 is determined. Therefore, in the device of FIG. 18, an extrusion ratio of 1: 1 or even less can be achieved at the die opening 234.

The - at die opening 234 achievable extrusion ratio depends on the size of the gate face 232 of the impact member 230 relative to the size of the die opening 234. It is the size of the front surface 232 of the stop member 230, which is important while the shape of the surface 232 of the Stop member 230 has no influence within certain limits. This factor creates an advantage in the arrangement after. Fig. 18, which is best illustrated by considering two examples can be. , ·

a) The first case is that the front surface 232 of the stop member 230 is high and narrow, for example where the height of the face 232 is almost equal to or greater than the width. In this case the outlet end of the reducing

009828/1092

BATH ORIGINAL

die 223 selected and narrow compared to the inlet end the ingot needs a substantial initial taper in the reducer 223 are subjected to whatever the application requires a relatively high pressure in the liquid acting on the ingot in chamber 221.

b) In the second pail is the surface 232 of the stop member

230 of the same size ice in case a) (to the same Extrusionsverhältnin at the die opening 234 to achieve), but the surface 232 is rclati \ ^r little high and wide for it (for example, as shown in Fig. 18). In this case, the width of the outlet end of the reducing die 223 is greater than in cases a), ä and the initial taper of the ingot in the die 223 is less. The pressure required in the liquid on the ingot in chamber 221 is therefore lower than in case a), while in both cases the same total extrusion ratio between ingot and product is obtained. The lower, required liquid pressure in the chamber 221 leads to a cost reduction for the chamber 221.

In the device of Fi _$ s.18 a Brhrung 238 This bore extends longitudinally through d "rn Platrizenblock 226. 238 leads to the rear surface 233 of the stop member 230. During operation of the device of FIG. 18 is DIE lubricant through bore 238 conveyed at low pressure. Between the cylinder material and the rear surface 233 of the stop piece 230, a gap is created when the ingot is extruded. The lubricant penetrates into the gap from the bore 238 and is distributed over the annular end face

231 of the M-.trizen block 226, so that the end face 231

and the material extruded through the H- ;. trize with lubricant supply v: ird. This type of screwdriver supply is also available in the devices according to FIGS. 1, 4, 6 and 7 applicable.

009828/1092

BAD ORfQSNAL

Figs. 19 and 20 show modifications of the devices according to Fig. 18.. ■ ·

In Fig. 19, the die block 226 has three stop grids 230 on its annular end face 231. A die opening 234 gate is seen in front of each stop member 230. Multiple Mntrizenglieder can also in the arrangements according to Fig. 2, 4, 6 and 7 are applied.

In Fig. 20, three die openings 234 are in the annular end surface 231 of the die block 226 in front of the stop glicd 230 provided.

Figures 21 and 22 show an adaptation of a device in the manner of FIG. 18 to the production of pipes.

In the arrangement according to FIGS. 21 and 22, a bridge-like Die used. A die cavity 239 is formed in the annular end surface 231 of the die block 226 prior to Stop member 230 attached. As can be seen from Fig. 22, the cavity 239 includes a cylindrical inlet 240 and one tapered nozzle 241 leading to a die opening

242 leads. From this a passage 243 leads through the die block 226. A mandrel 244 has cross-shaped arms 245 which sit in the cylindrical inlet 240 of the die cavity 239, so that the mandrel 244 is held concentrically in the die opening 242 will. In operation of the device "billet material is extruded into the iliac cavity 239, the Material on the cross-shaped arms 245 of the cathedral 244 walks past. The B-.rrenmateri.l reunites in the nozzle 241 of the Matrizenhchlraumes 239 and extruded through di-3 die opening 242 around the core 244 so that a tube is formed uird.

Fig. 23 shows the adaptation of the bridge-shaped M-itric type of Figs. 21 and 22 to the manufacture of jacketed Wire.

009828/1092

BATH ORIGINAL

As in Figures 21 and 22, the die has a cavity 239 has a cylindrical inlet 240, a conically tapered nozzle 241 and a die opening 242 in the annular 'End face 231 of the die block 226 in front of the stop member 230. A mandrel 244 is made by means of arms arranged in a cross 245 seated in the cylindrical inlet 240 of the die cavity 239. In the device of FIG. 23, however, the mandrel 244 hears in the throat 241 of the die cavity 239 shortly before the die opening 242. An elongated passage 246 in the die block 226 communicates with a passage 247, which passes radially through one of the arms 245 of the mandrel 244 and then longitudinally through the mandrel 244.

In operation of the device of FIG. 23, wire 248 to be coated is conveyed through the longitudinal passage 246 in the die block 226 and then through the passage 247 in the arm 245 and the core. The wire 248 may be from a coil below the Matrizenb ¹ ockes 226 is disposed, is deducted. The ingot material extrudes into the die cavity 239, passing the arms 245 of the core 244. The billet material converges in the nozzle 241 of the die cavity 239 and extrudes through the die opening 242 around the wire 248. The wire is drawn along with the extruding billet material.

The invention also relates to modifications of the enclosed Claim 1 outlined embodiment and relates above all to all features of the invention, which individually - or in combination - in the entire description and drawings are disclosed.

Claims

009 828/1092 bad original

Claims (5)

69 164 Zw / Schm December 5, 1969 claims 1. Process for making a product reduced Cross-section from a workpiece, characterized in that pressure is applied to the main mass of the workpiece and a additional pressure can be applied in a local area of the workpiece, so that the workpiece in the local area is subject to so great a stress that it flows through an opening which the cross-section of the good is determined. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a tool is used to generate the additional pressure in the local area of the workpiece, the work surface has a smaller cross-section than the workpiece, and that the tool is moved in a closed cyclic path, the Working surface of the tool is kept in pressure contact with the workpiece during at least part of the cyclical path so that the material of the workpiece in the local area in front of the working surface of the tool is subject to the additional pressure and is shaped through the opening which determines the cross-section of the material. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that that the pressure on the main mass with a view to reducing the cross-section of the workpiece at certain Place of the workpiece is applied, and that the tool 009828/1092 BATH ORIGINAL has a material processing surface for this point of the workpiece and is moved so that the material of the workpiece in. the area in front of the working surface of the tool is subject to additional pressure and through which the cross-section of the Guts defining opening is formed. 4. Apparatus for carrying out the method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a device for generating pressure on the main mass of the workpiece and a second device for generating an additional one Pressure are provided in a local area of the workpiece, so that the workpiece in the local area is subject to so great a stress that it flows through an opening which determines the cross-section of the material. 5. Apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that for generating the additional pressure in the local area the workpiece is provided with a tool with a working surface that is smaller than that of the tool, and that the tool in a closed cyclic case is so is movable that the working plate of the tool is in pressure contact is held with the workpiece during at least a portion of the cyclic path, with the material of the workpiece in your local area in front of the .'working surface "of the Tool is exposed to the additional IVuek and through the the opening determining the cross-section of the material is formed. 6 »Performing according to claim 4 or r, characterized by ^ -1ai3 a container a section with smaller. Cross-section as d'is workpiece on v / eist, .la 3 a ^ inri ^ ktmu for attachment v: n Γ-rucic on the './trkstück ir. cleni container intended ift., s? dal? in the Haurt: .iasse the workpiece of the Pressure is generated, and part of his workpiece in the. section ir.i * smaller:.: diameter of the Eenäli pressed in is that a tool has a work surface that is used for 00982871092 ORIGINAL BATHROOM Machining of the part of the workpiece is used, which in the section of smaller cross-section of the container, and that a drive device of the tool is provided is so that the material of the workpiece in the section of smaller cross-section of the container in front of the work surface of the tool is exposed to additional pressure and through an opening which determines the cross-section of the material is shaped. 7. Apparatus according to claim 5 and 6, characterized in that the tool comprises a rotating member, which has a protruding tool part with a material processing surface, and that means for Drive of the rotatable member is provided. 8. Apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that the bore of the container extends to a smaller one Has the tapering end that means for applying pressure to the workpiece is provided in the container is so there; a compressive stress in the main mass of the work + ückes occurs, and the corresponding end of the '..' piece into the tapered end of the bore of the Container is pressed, and that £ the end face of the rotating member in contact with the front end of the Workpiece in the tapered end of the bore of the The container. 9. Apparatus according to claim 7 and 8, characterized in that that the opening which determines the cross-section of the material in the material processing area of the tool link is incorporated. IC. Apparatus according to claim 7 and 6, characterized in that the opening which determines the degree of scanning of the material in the surface of the rotating member in front of the working surface of the protruding tool member consists of a 009828/1092 BATHROOM ORIGINAL solid form is incorporated. 11. Device according to claims 7 and 8, characterized in that the rotatable member has a plurality of has protruding tool members each having a have associated opening for determining the cross-section of the goods. 12. The device according to claim 10, characterized in that that several openings for determining the cross-section of the product in the surface of the rotatable member are incorporated in front of the working surface of the protruding tool member. 13. Apparatus according to claim 7 and 8, characterized in that a device for conveying lubricant is provided to the surface of the rotatable member behind the protruding tool member. H. Device according to claims 7 and 8, characterized in that the rotatable member is sleeve-shaped and is rotatably mounted about a stationary punch, that the tool member as a projection from the annular end surface of the sleeve-shaped rotatable member is, and that the rotatable member with this annular end face and the corresponding end of the stationary arranged punch are in contact with the workpiece. 15. The device according to claim 14, characterized in that that the end of the fixedly arranged punch is pointed, weaei the one acting on the workpiece in the container Pressure d i.e conveying the material of the workpiece over the pointed End of the stationary punch in the region of the annular end face of the sleeve-shaped rotatable link bev / irkt. 009 828/1092 BATH ORIGINAL 16. The apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that a mandrel is held coaxially in the container to to make the apparatus suitable for processing a tubular workpiece which is around the mandrel in the container adjusts that the pressure exerted on the V / artpiece in the container causes the material of the workpiece to be conveyed into the tapered emde of the bore of the container around the core and that the end face of the rotatable member in Contact with the annular end face of the ingot in the front part of the tapered end of the bore of the Container is held so that the tool member, which protrudes from the end face of the rotatable member, in a circular path is moved and the annular Exceeds the end face of the workpiece. 17. Apparatus according to claim 5 and 6, characterized in that that the tool comprises a reciprocating punch, that means for reciprocating the Stamp is provided within certain limits, the surface of the stamp below during the forward stroke of the stamp Pressure is pressed into the workpiece, so that the material, of the workpiece in the local area in front of the surface of the Stamp is subjected to an additional pressure and is deformed through an opening leading from the container, and with the backward stroke of the punch that hits the Kauptnasse The pressure acting on the workpiece promotes the material of the workpiece, so that during the previous forward stroke deformed material of the tool is replaced. 18. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that that the bore of the container is smaller at the end Diameter tapers that a device for generating pressure is provided on the workpiece in the container so that a compressive stress is generated in the bulk of the "workpiece and press-fitting the corresponding end of the workpiece into the tapered end of the bore of the container in that 009828/1092 ^BAD original The V ^r ool a reciprocating plunger has, dal? a·? Means for reciprocating the punch is provided within limits, with the surface of the punch being pressed under pressure into the material of the workpiece in the tapering linde of the bore of the container during the forward stroke of the punch, so that the material of the workpiece in the local area in front of the area of 3t <~:; is subjected to an additional pels Bruckbeanspruchun ^ and by a χ from de tapered end d-.s container lead-out opening ν he formed wrboi ur.d bi.-in Hückwärtshub of the punch, the compressive stress on: the main mass of the ".'erkstückes acts and further material ir: the tapering end of the bore of the container promotes, ui.i to replace the" material extruded during the previous stroke of the punch. 19. The device as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that the container has a tapering end, v> n truck on the »/" err piece in de.i. \ container provided iyt, se dai? tin-Truokbt-.ί.ί '; ruchunj. in the H &u; + n.asue jes \ /erkefJokes frzeuj? .?. · · · -.ite; the hole un 'of Peh-ilters in lie - ⁴ and dai iiitiSrrechenäe -r.de Ί, ο' · '- rkstückes by ias.sich vcrjüngeni "EtA -.. Kan.K: er iiir.-ingcrreist v.'ird, 6-λ ~ i ^ i3 V / trkceug eiiit-n back- ui.i forthi-n otti.pel aufvr --- ii? T-, da :, ^ i:. * .- Einrichtui.g z ^ ' Hin- und HcrVi'wegurij; des 3terirels. "wisoiien' jrenn: · => η VDr ^ st-hen i, -" ¹ , '. •. • ■ - "bei reir .. V-rwürtshub 3es ct - ::. V" ls äic Fl? -? he of the stamp? under rruci ·: ir. the Kai: rial ά · ^: s' ■ · .-: rkstückt-s in the second K-'U.; n: er · i ? .jvpress we · !, so da .-- ias! 'atc.rial i <.s ' »• frkstuckc.s in dor.: · .. · - .- ;. te :: I'an. ^ er your rusr-i finally Z> ruci-: bil ': 3tu: .g ur.terv; ^ rfön v.-ir-J and by a Cffnur ,, - r-sr:; m.er v; egführung ".nd the cross-section of the goods to be eracugondc-n, uri w ^ Vei on the backward stroke of the stamp -Me Truckbeänspruckung on the main mass of the ingot or Pfr.pfens further material from the V / piece into the second chamber through the tapering brew of the 009828/1092 Bore of the container promotes. 20. The device according to claim 19, characterized in that the punch perpendicularly into the front end surface of the Workpiece enters at the front part of the tapered end of the bore of the container, 21. The device according to claim 19 »characterized in that the punch in the axial seal in the front end surface of the material of the workpiece penetrates into the second chamber. 22. The device according to claim 18, characterized in that the stamp daio through the side wall of the tapered Is passed through the end of the bore of the container. 23. Device according to one of claims 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 and 22, characterized in that the cross-section of the product-determining opening is provided in the reciprocating punch and from the front surface of the punch leads away. 24. The device according to claim 2C, characterized in that that the opening, which determines the cross-section of the material, is in the side v / andun ^ r of the tapering 3ndes of the bore of the Container is provided. 25. The device according to claim 22, characterized in that the opening which determines the (cross section of the product) se is arranged dai? them axially from the front end the tapered end of the bore of the container away. 009828/1092 BATH ORIGINAL - q. \ - 26. The device according to claim 21, characterized in that the punch has a smaller diameter than the inner diameter of the second chamber, and that the opening determining the cross section of the product through the annular Area between the punch and the wall of the second Chamber is determined. 27. The device according to claim 22, characterized in that the stamp in the tapered end of the Container is inserted through a "channel in the wall of the container, and that the punch has a smaller diameter than the inner diameter of this channel, the opening having the cross-section of the Product determined by the annular space between the punch and the wall of the channel is determined. 23. Device according to one of claims 7,8,10,14,15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24 and 25, characterized in that the opening which determines the cross-section of the product an axially held mandrel uiafasst for producing a Tube by extrusion of the Tiafcerials of the workpiece through the opening around the mandrel. 29. The device according to claim 28, characterized in that a channel leads axially through the mandrel and the promotion of wire through the mandrel, after which the wire from the workpiece extruded through the opening around the mandrel in the Meaning of a composite casting is sheathed. 0 0 9 8 2 8/1092 BAD ORIGINAL