DE19606945C1 - Blasting, incineration and pyrolysis equipment for the environmentally friendly disposal of dangerous goods - Google Patents

Abstract

Known disposal devices are unsuitable for the disposal of toxic materials and can only be operated discontinuously, and repla cement of wearing parts is complex and costly. The proposed device is constructed in such a way that at least the inner lining of the explosion and combustion chamber (4) is made from stacked steel rings (5) which when joined form an upper inlet aperture (3) of the explosion and combustion chamber (4) through which hazardous material is introduced and a lower outlet aperture (6) for the produced waste; the inlet aperture (3) of the explosion and combustion chamber (4) can be closed off by a steel block (10) which can be lowered in the lock chamber (1). The device is suitable among other things for the disposal of explosives and toxic materials.

Description

The invention relates to an explosive, combustion and pyro Lysis device for the environmentally friendly disposal of dangerous goods rengut, which contains explosives and / or toxins, the one locks that can be loaded with dangerous goods via a lock chamber and one of these, from an inner man blasted explosive and combustion chamber and one below the Explosive and combustion chamber arranged exhaust opening for the Has explosion and / or combustion gases.

DE-PS 41 17 504 is already an explosive device known with an explosion chamber that preceded a nete lock chamber is loaded with the dangerous goods. At The presence of such a lock chamber can cause the Explo sionskammer be kept constantly under vacuum.

DE-OS 42 40 394 is a further, vacuum-tight Explosive chamber known to have an inlet and outlet lock points. Inside the blast chamber are rod-shaped Explosion protection elements arranged, which are used in the explosion detonation wave arising from explosive devices and protect the inner wall from flying explosive device parts zen should.

The known explosive chambers have the disadvantage that they are not suitable for the disposal of toxins, only allow discontinuous operation and wear parts can only be replaced with great effort.

It has already been proposed with DE-PS 195 21 204, a scrap door at the bottom of a blasting and combustion chamber servoir and the accumulating gaseous Explosive or combustion products only through the Derive scrap reservoir through.

When using a blasting adapted to this method Chamber based on the above model was previously after Pau  each time the scrap metal reservoir needs to be heated.

The invention is based, an explosive, Ver combustion and pyrolysis device of the aforementioned Kind of further improving that they are energetic works with little loss, has a simple structure, one quasi-continuous operation allowed and a residue poor disposal, including toxins, guaranteed.

According to the invention, the object is achieved by

• - That at least the inner shell of the explosive and burning chamber is made up of stacked steel rings which in the assembled state an upper inlet opening of the Explosive and combustion chamber for the introduction of the dangerous goods and form a lower outlet opening for the resulting scrap
• - And that the inlet opening of the explosive and combustion chamber by one that can be lowered in the lock chamber Steel body is lockable.

In a preferred manner according to the invention, the explosive, ver combustion and pyrolysis device designed so that they below the blasting and combustion chamber with a vertical one Channel for receiving at least part of a bed the shot and combustion chamber forming scrap reservoirs is provided.

Also in a preferred manner according to the invention Explosive and combustion chamber with a system for generating Vacuum connected. So in the blasting and combustion chamber pyrolytic decomposition also takes place under vacuum. However, if necessary, you can also use normal or Overpressure can be worked. The gases are extracted in this case via the same lines.  

The steel body is also preferably hollow formed and made of a thermally insulating material filled what z. B. sand is suitable. It forms in the lowered th state a thermally insulating cover of the Explosive and combustion chamber. This is particularly important partly when working with a scrap reservoir, so that the same during breaks and downtimes of the facility cool down very slowly and when restarting no or only insignificant heating of the device must be done.

Advantageously, they are the inner jacket of the Blasting and combustion chamber forming steel rings of one two  surround the jacket, which is preferably made of ferrous steel consists.

It is further provided according to the invention that the locks came mer through one on one a passage to the explosive and burning lower part, removable and removable with the lower part tightly connectable steel hood is formed. The lower part of the lock chamber is funnel-shaped recessed. The funnel opens into the explosive and Combustion chamber.

As a counterpart, it can be lowered in the lock chamber Hanged steel bodies are frustoconical. His Shape correlates with the shape of the recess in the lower part the lock chamber.

The steel hood can be hollow, analogous to the steel body and with sand or some other suitable material be filled.

To protect against a detonation wave when detonated in the explosive and combustion chamber can be provided according to the invention be that insulation elements are suspended below the steel body are.

The steel body then expediently has an inner, the insulation partially receiving cavity.

To the insulation elements also independent of the steel body to be able to lower them on the ceiling of the locks the chamber can be lowered.

In a more preferred manner, the lock chamber and the Explosive and combustion chamber from a common insulating Surround outer sheath.

Means for a coolant circulation are expedient in the outer jacket intended.  

To further improve the thermal insulation the inner jacket or jackets are surrounded by a protective cylinder be hollow and its cavity with sand is filled out.

The ones that form the inner shell of the blasting and combustion chamber Steel rings sit on a concrete foundation on the in inventive manner from several superimposed Concrete rings exist, which is the channel for the middle Form part of the scrap reservoir.

All elements of the facility, including the fun ladies rings, can be easily replaced. At the The outer casing can be dismantled first be lifted off. This is followed by the steel hood, which with a Quick lock with the lower part of the lock chamber is bound. After lifting off this lower part are both the steel rings of the inner jacket as well as the other man tel and the protective cylinder accessible. Should be a foundation ring are exchanged, so the last are first elements.

To protect the foundation rings, the channel is for the Scrap reservoir formed by a steel cylinder that opens into a cone at the bottom.

The scrap reservoir sits on one below the canal Funding with which the scrap in the operation of the Explosive, combustion and pyrolysis device in one Transport container is removable.

It is expedient below the first funding arranged a second funding. This funding takes in particular the dust particles moving in the gas stream on.  

In this case, the transport container is appropriately divided, so that each section is filled by one of the funds is cash.

The funding can be chain-driven belts.

The device according to the invention can also be designed in this way be that the transport container for afterglow in a heated annealing chamber is displaceable.

The annealing chamber should be connected to the vacuum system connected.

Because the afterglow in a separate chamber takes place, which may take a certain time the overall process of operating the facility continuously run more smoothly than before.

It can also be provided that the transport container for cooling tion can be moved into a cooling chamber, the cooling chamber again in turn to the system for generating negative pressure should be closed. The cooling chamber can with one system be equipped for heat recovery.

Those resulting from the explosion, combustion or pyrolysis Gases are released through the lower outlet of the explosive and Combustion chamber sucked. The device can be designed in this way be that a Reduk to the blasting and combustion chamber tion chamber for chemical treatment of the explosion and / or Combustion gases connected.

There is preferably a reduction in the reduction chamber the atmosphere. Here z. B. in a pyrolysis process accumulating carbon dust with the accumulating React nitrogen oxides, e.g. B.

2NO + C ⇒ N₂ + CO₂

The reduction can be supported by periodic Pressure increase in the blasting and combustion chamber or in the Close to their outlet opening, causing the carbon dust in the reduction chamber is blown on.

Furthermore, according to the invention, the explosive and Afterburning to the combustion chamber or to the reduction chamber tion chamber for thermal aftertreatment of the explosion and / or Connect combustion gases.

Here the gaseous and dusty gases are afterburned Residues at a temperature up to 1200 ° C.

The afterburning chamber can be designed so that it has a vertical longitudinal axis and immediately on the outer shell surrounding the explosive and combustion chamber is arranged.

According to the invention, the gas flow labyrinth is on its walls like narrowing moldings provided. These moldings are conveniently formed on the underside to the Resist gas flow. Your tops should be sloping downwards so that the accumulating dust cannot settle or from time to time Time can easily be blown away from above.

The molded articles should also be easily removable be core.

To ensure ease of use of the entire facility ensure that is arranged in the lock chamber Lock preferably arranged at floor level. The facility is therefore built downwards. For the removal of the The transport container is therefore at least one elevator to provide.

The invention is illustrated below with the aid of an embodiment game will be explained in more detail. In the accompanying drawings demonstrate

Fig. 1 is an illustration of the entire device in a section along the longitudinal axis of the device,

Fig. 2 shows a section through the foundation of the device,

Fig. 3 shows a cross section through the device at the level of the outlet opening of the explosive and combustion chamber and

Fig. 4 is a schematic representation of the construction of the entire facility with ancillary systems.

The device consists of a lock chamber 1 , the lower part 2 is funnel-shaped, the funnel ter in the inlet opening of the explosive and combustion chamber 4 mün det. The explosive and combustion chamber 4 is composed of steel rings 5 , the inner recesses of which are designed such that, in the assembled state, they give an approximately pear-shaped explosive and combustion chamber 4 with the inlet opening 3 and the outlet opening 6 . The steel rings 5 rest on reinforced concrete rings 7 , which form a channel 8 in their center, which receives a scrap reservoir.

The entire facility is kept under negative pressure.

The scrap reservoir that reach a height of 4 meters can and in which a certain minimum temperature is maintained ensures a complete combustion of explosives substances as well as others in gaseous, liquid or substances in powder form. That arise the swaths and gases are discharged through the scrap reservoir filtered and go through a pyrolysis process in which they largely decay. In this case, carbon occurs mainly in the form of coal dust and does not have to be coal  dioxide are burned.

The material to be disposed of is introduced into the lock chamber 1 via a lock 9 . Immediately after the introduction of the goods, the inlet opening 3 of the explosive and combustion chamber 4 can be narrowed or completely closed by the steel body 10 . In the event of an explosion, parts that are exposed cannot be thrown into the lock chamber 1 . At the same time, the steel body 10 protects the lock chamber 1 from the heat radiation in the explosive and combustion chamber 4th

The explosive and combustion chamber 4 can also be closed during downtimes and pauses in order to keep the scrap vault warm.

The steel body 10 is suspended from the steel hood 11 , which forms the upper part of the lock chamber 1 . Also suspended from the steel hood 11 are insulating elements 12 , which partially protrude into a hollow in the steel body 10 . The insulation elements 12 can be lowered together with the steel body or separately. They provide additional protection for the inner wall of the explosive and combustion chamber 4 in the event of an explosion.

The steel rings 5 are surrounded by a second jacket 13 . This in turn surrounds a protective cylinder 14 which is hollow and filled with sand. The explosive and combustion chamber 4 and the lock chamber 1 are enclosed by a pressure jacket 33 as a whole. Mounted on this, partially covering the concrete rings 7 , there is an insulating outer jacket 15 , which is equipped with devices for coolant circulation 16 .

The scrap reservoir, which is still separated from the concrete rings 7 by a steel cylinder 17 , sits directly on a conveyor belt 18 , with which scrap is conveyed continuously or cyclically into a transport container 19 . Under the conveyor belt 18 , a second conveyor belt 20 is arranged, which is in the exhaust gas stream and is able to absorb dust, salt and similar residues of the combustion process and also to convey it into the transport container 19 , which is divided for this purpose.

As best shown in FIG. 3, after being filled, the transport container 19 can be moved into an annealing chamber 21 which works with an energy supply. Here, the scrap is afterglow at a temperature of up to 800 ° C. From the glow chamber 21 is connected via a line 22 to the central vacuum and gas extraction system. After the annealing process has ended, the transport container 19 is moved into the cooling chamber 23 , in which it can cool, in order finally to leave the vacuum area for scrap disposal via an elevator 24 .

The gas extracted from the blasting and combustion chamber 4 , after passing the conveyor belt area, passes into the reduction chamber 25 , in which, like in the blasting and combustion chamber 4, there is a reduction atmosphere. It then arrives in the post-combustion chamber 26 , in which post-combustion can be carried out up to a temperature of 1200 ° C. The afterburning takes place in an oxidation atmosphere, which may be carried out with an excess of oxygen, for which purpose oxygen can be added. The oxygen is supplied via a pipeline 27 . In addition, a gas line 28 , e.g. B. for the supply of propane gas, with which the combustion in the post-combustion chamber 26 is maintained. Alternatively, a burner 29 can also be used to heat the afterburning chamber 26 .

The pipe 27 can also be used to blow air into the post-combustion chamber 26 . This can serve to maintain the combustion or also to keep the moldings 31 clean, which are attached to the inner walls of the afterburning chamber 26 and which narrow the gas stream in a labyrinthine manner and thus collect the dust entrained by the gas.

The pipeline 27 and the gas line 28 also have access to the blasting and combustion chamber 4 , in order to support a combustion there if necessary. In addition, a burner 30 is also provided there.

The afterburning chamber 26 can also be used to generate hot gas which, when the device is restarted after interrupted operation, is led backwards into the blasting and combustion chamber 4 for heating the scrap reservoir.

In the lock chamber 1 , chemicals can be added to the process, which move the chemical reaction in a desired direction during the combustion or pyrolysis process. This can be done via the lock 9 . In addition, a nozzle system 32 is provided for this. With the nozzle system 32 water can be sprayed at the same time that cools the surface of the steel body 10 and thus keeps the lock chamber 1 cool.

Fig. 2 shows a section through the foundation structure of the device, the location of the conveyor belts 18 , 20 can be recognized NEN well.

From Fig. 4, the construction of the entire system can be seen. The supply of the dangerous goods takes place near the floor level, while the explosive and combustion chamber rests on a foundation that is arranged below the floor level. The facility thus meets all security requirements. To further increase security, it is surrounded by an earth wall.

Claims (33)

1. Explosive, combustion and pyrolysis device for the environmentally friendly disposal of dangerous goods, which contains explosives and / or toxins, a lock chamber ( 1 ) which can be loaded with dangerous goods via a lock ( 9 ) and a downstream, bounded by an inner jacket explosive and combustion chamber ( 4 ) and a discharge opening arranged below the explosive and combustion chamber ( 4 ) for the explosion and / or combustion gases, characterized in that

• - That at least the inner shell of the explosive and combustion chamber ( 4 ) from stacked steel rings ( 5 ) is built up, which in the assembled state has an upper inlet opening ( 3 ) of the explosive and combustion chamber ( 4 ) for introducing the dangerous goods and a lower one Form the outlet opening ( 6 ) for the scrap
• - And that the inlet opening ( 3 ) of the blasting and combustion chamber ( 4 ) by a in the lock chamber ( 1 ) can be lowered steel body ( 10 ) can be closed.

2. Explosive, combustion and pyrolysis device according to claim 1, characterized in that it below the explosive and combustion chamber ( 4 ) with a vertical channel ( 8 ) for receiving at least a part of the bed of the explosive and combustion chamber ( 4th ) forming scrap reservoirs. 3. Blasting, incineration and pyrolysis facility according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it with is connected to a system for generating negative pressure. 4. explosive, combustion and pyrolysis device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the steel body ( 10 ) is hollow and the cavity is filled with sand. 5. explosive, combustion and pyrolysis device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the inner casing of the explosive and combustion chamber forming steel rings ( 5 ) are surrounded by a second casing ( 13 ). 6. explosive, combustion and pyrolysis device according to claim 5, characterized in that the second jacket ( 13 ) consists of ferritic steel. 7. explosive, combustion and pyrolysis device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lock chamber ( 1 ) by a on a passage to the explosive and combustion chamber ( 4 ) release lower part ( 2 ) attachable, removable and with the Lower part ( 2 ) tightly connectable steel hood ( 11 ) is formed. 8. explosive, combustion and pyrolysis device according to claim 7, characterized in that the steel hood ( 11 ) is hollow and the cavity is filled with sand. 9. explosive, combustion and pyrolysis device according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the lower part ( 2 ) of the lock chamber ( 1 ) is funnel-shaped out. 10. explosive, combustion and pyrolysis device according to claim 9, characterized in that the lowerable in the lock chamber ( 1 ) suspended steel body ( 10 ) is frustoconical and its shape with the shape of the recess of the lower part ( 2 ) of the lock chamber ( 1 ) correlates. 11. Explosive, combustion and pyrolysis device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that below the steel body ( 10 ) insulation elements ( 12 ) are suspended. 12. explosive, combustion and pyrolysis device according to claim 11, characterized in that the Stahlkör by ( 10 ) has an inner, the insulating elements ( 12 ) partially on receiving cavity. 13. explosive, combustion and pyrolysis device according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the insulating elements ( 12 ) on the ceiling of the lock chamber ( 1 ) are suspended lowerable. 14. Explosive, combustion and pyrolysis device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lock chamber ( 1 ) and the explosive and combustion chamber ( 4 ) are surrounded by a common insulating Außenman tel ( 15 ). 15. Explosive, combustion and pyrolysis device according to claim 14, characterized in that means for a coolant circulation ( 16 ) are provided in the outer jacket ( 15 ). 16. explosive, combustion and pyrolysis device according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that the inner jacket or shells surrounding a protective cylinder ( 14 ) is arranged, which is hollow and the cavity is filled with sand. 17. Explosive, combustion and pyrolysis device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the inner casing of the explosive and combustion chamber ( 4 ) forming steel rings ( 5 ) sit on a concrete foundation. 18. Explosive, combustion and pyrolysis device according to claim 17, characterized in that the concrete fun dament consists of several superimposed concrete rings ( 7 ) forming the channel ( 8 ) in the middle for receiving a part of the scrap reservoir. 19. Explosive, combustion and pyrolysis device according to one of claims 2 to 18, characterized in that the scrap reservoir sits on a conveyor ( 18 ) with which the scrap during operation of the explosive, combustion and pyrolysis device in a Transportbe container ( 19 ) is removable. 20. Explosive, combustion and pyrolysis device according to claim 19, characterized in that a second conveying means ( 20 ) is arranged below the first conveying means ( 18 ). 21. Explosive, combustion and pyrolysis device according to claim 20, characterized in that the transport container ( 19 ) is divided and each section can be filled by one of the conveying means ( 18 , 20 ). 22. Explosive, combustion and pyrolysis device according to one of claims 19 to 21, characterized in that the conveying means or conveyors ( 18 , 20 ) are chain-driven belts. 23. Explosive, combustion and pyrolysis device according to one of claims 19 to 22, characterized in that the transport container ( 19 ) for afterglow in a heated annealing chamber ( 21 ) is displaceable. 24. Explosive, combustion and pyrolysis device according to claim 23, characterized in that the annealing chamber ( 21 ) is connected to the system for generating negative pressure. 25. explosive, combustion and pyrolysis device according to claim 23 or 24, characterized in that the transport container ( 19 ) for cooling in a cooling chamber ( 23 ) is displaceable. 26. Explosive, combustion and pyrolysis device according to claim 25, characterized in that the cooling chamber ( 23 ) is connected to the system for generating negative pressure. 27. Explosive, combustion and pyrolysis device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the explosion and combustion chamber ( 4 ) is followed by a reduction chamber ( 25 ) for chemical treatment of the explosion and / or combustion gases. 28. Explosive, combustion and pyrolysis device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an afterburning chamber ( 26 ) for thermal aftertreatment of the explosion and / / to the explosive and combustion chamber ( 4 ) or the reduction chamber ( 25 ) or connecting combustion gases. 29. Explosive, combustion and pyrolysis device according to claim 28, characterized in that the after combustion chamber ( 26 ) has a vertically extending longitudinal axis and is arranged directly on the outer jacket ( 15 ) surrounding the explosive and combustion chamber ( 4 ). 30. Explosive, combustion and pyrolysis device according to claim 28 or 29, characterized in that on the walls of the afterburning chamber ( 26 ) the gas stream laby rinth-like constricting shaped body ( 31 ) are arranged. 31. Explosive, combustion and pyrolysis device according to claim 30, characterized in that the shaped bodies ( 31 ) are flat on the underside. 32. Explosive, combustion and pyrolysis device according to claim 30 or 31, characterized in that the tops of the shaped bodies ( 31 ) are sloping downward. 33. Explosive, combustion and pyrolysis device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lock ( 9 ) arranged in the lock chamber ( 1 ) is arranged approximately at floor level.