DE1959879A1 - Heating device with thermoelectric generator - Google Patents

Description

Patent attorneys ". " _N _"

Dipl. Ing. Walter Meissner "'MÜHChen ZB.ilUV.1969

Dipl. Ing. Herbert Tischer

Munich office 1959879

Munich 2, valley 71

Societe Anonymes "APPLICATION DES GAZ" Paris, France)

Heating device with thermoelectric !!! generator

The invention relates to a heating device that has a thermoelectric Generator forms »

The device is intended for heating by means of gas, in particular butane or propane gas, which is liquefied under pressure and in stored in a portable container; it is particularly suitable for camping caravans and similar applications.

To care when camping with a caravan twice problem is known to occur, a suitable heating and 'the Lieferung'der required electrical energy "There numerous furnace have been developed that use liquefied gas μ and which can be constructed so that they have a low weight and a small footprint. Such devices solve the problem of heating when camping and similar applications. On the other hand, since the electrical energy required for lighting purposes only has to be available with low power, it can be taken from the accumulator battery of the motor vehicle assigned to the camping caravan limited capacity

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_ ₂ _ 1359879

has, it has to be charged and / or grounded regularly. painterly to work the motor vehicle engine in idle to leave if the motor vehicle has not been driven sufficiently lüird. It has also already been proposed to use the heating device Combine thermocouples that are responsible for recharging provide required energy and even a uon of the vehicle battery can feed a separate battery.

.Wlit the invention is such a combined heating and Electric power generation device are created, which has an increased efficiency, is particularly adaptable and particularly suitable for installation in a camping house suited

With the device according to the invention it should also be possible to charge the usual 12 M batteries and to use only a single thermoelectric converter of conventional design which supplies a voltage of the order of magnitude of only 6 to 7 volts.

The device according to the invention is characterized in that the bottom of the combustion chamber that of a downward facing Gas burner heated poor surface of a flat " thermoelectric converter and this combustion chamber in the Inside a housing is housed, into which air enters from below, which initially affects the lower outer surface of the combustion chamber floor, i.e. the cold surface of the thermoelsktrischsn

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Converter, cools, then with further heating by contact with the lateral and finally the upper outer surface of the combustion chamber rises by convection and the housing on top leaves, from where it can be directed into a room to be heated.

According to a preferred embodiment "of the invention is upper part of the combustion chamber designed as a heat exchanger, which has ribs on its inner and outer surfaces that run in perpendicular planes. ■

An axial fan is preferably located in the housing of the device housed, which is mounted under the combustion chamber and whose axis coincides with the axis of the combustion chamber "

Appropriately are in the upper part of the housing at least two outlets available, one of which is related to a room to be heated and the other to the outdoors, and a flap is provided, by means of which one outlet can be opened more or less, while the other more or less is closed.

In a preferred embodiment are in the lower part of the Housing housed a thermostat controlling the burner and all ignition and control devices.

The invention is described below on the basis of exemplary embodiments

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explained in more detail in connection with the drawing »It shows?

Figure 1 is a vertical section of a device according to Invention,

Figure 2 shows a section of the burner head along the line H-II of Figure 1,

Figure 3 is a basic diagram of the device,

FIG. 4 shows a development of the control cam disk used for switching on and

Figure 5 shows an electrical circuit diagram of the device »

The device illustrated in FIG. 1 usually has a housing 1, for example made of aluminum, whose interior is perpendicular Direction divided into three parts or zones A, B and C. is; The lower part A is at the top by a horizontal partition 2, which has a circular center opening 2a of large diameter, by a downward facing cylindrical edge or flange 2b is surrounded. The partition 2 is connected to a bracket 3, which is an electric motor 4 is supported with a perpendicular axis »On the upper end of the (light of this motor a fan 5 is attached, the with relatively tight play inside the flange 2b rotates so that air is blown from below upwards. in the

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Part A is the UJand of the housing 1 with several openings 1a that form the air inlets for the fan. The part A also takes a regulating or control device 6, a thermostat 7 and a control block 8, which are described below are explained in more detail.

In part B of the interior of the housing 1 is a thermoelectric! Housed transducer 9, which is flat and in the illustrated embodiment-circular. Transducers of this type are known and therefore do not need to be described in detail. The transducers illustrated mostly have plates 9a and 9b, between which cells 9c lie, each of which forms a thermocouple. The cells are connected in series. Their hot and cold soldering points are _{in thermal contact with the upper plate 9a and} the lower plate 9b to receive the air flow supplied by the fan 5, the upper plate 9a j is, however, attached to the lower open end of a combustion chamber, the lower part of which is formed by an upside-down cylindrical sleeve 11.

The upper part of the combustion chamber forms a heat exchanger, represent a fixed on the book 11 cylindrical hollow body 12 has, the upper end of which is closed and is connected to a side exhaust pipe 13, which is in a

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radially extending stub 1b singly. The latter protrudes laterally from the housing 1. _r

Sin extends on the head in the axial direction of the combustion chamber upright gas burner with a double-conical, vertical nozzle 14 which is connected to the top of the hollow body 12 and forms a wenturi tube, the outlet of which is to its central opening in the top of the sleeve 11 connects »The top of the sleeve 11 is in turn connected to a conical chamber.15, which widens downwards and a large base area is formed by a perforated plate 16, while the small base area adjoins the nozzle 14.

The body 12 of the heat exchanger has radial ribs 17 and 18 on its outside and inside 11 is provided with openings 11a in the ring part which surrounds the small base area of the conical chamber 15.

The upper part C of the inner space of the housing 1 takes one Axial head 19, which is described in detail below, the head receives the gas via a main line 20 and leads it to a nozzle 21 which is directed downwards and whose axis coincides with the axis of the venturi tube 14. Dar Head 19 is connected to a plate 19a, dia the dachshund an upper cylindrical part 14a forms which is located on dan Inlet the wenturi tube 14 connects. Dis from the cylindrical Part 14a enclosed chamber stands with dam Freieniübsr

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Am air inlet pipe 22 in connection that extends radially across the wall of the housing 1 extends out.

The upper part C also accommodates a transverse axis 23 on which a flap 24 is pivotably mounted. The flap is rectangular and has, on the two sides parallel to the axis 23, sealing sleeves 24a which extend against the upper horizontal edge of the housing .bzui. can create a horizontal flange 25 which lies in the parting plane of parts B and C. The flap 24 can be operated by means of a handle 26 which is hinged to one of the g Dichtungsuiülste 24a and through a slot (not shown) in the wall of the housing 1 extends therethrough.

In part C, the perpendicular Uiands parallel to the axis 23 are located provided with air outlets, which won groups of openings Ic or 1d are formed.

The device is normally connected to the uiand 27 of the heating system Room (for example caravan) employed. This Uiand has an opening 27a, against which the opening "

openings 1d provided U / and of the housing 1 applies. On the outside the Uiand 27 is also provided a plate 28, which on one side of the opening 27a forms a system of blind sheets 28a. The plate 28 is via Uuerstege 29 with another Plate 30 connected, which together with the plate 28 a Uiarmluf TauslaQraum D limited, into which the air inlet pipe 22 opens. The connecting piece 1b adjoins the plate 30. the

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Platts 30 is in turn connected to a third via transverse webs 31 Plate 32 connected, which lies opposite the mouth of the nozzle and delimits a space E, which is a smoke outlet chamber forms.

The facility works essentially as follows

The gas that emerges downward from the nozzle 21 sucks in air in the Venturi tube 14, which air from the outside via the chamber D α and the pipe 22 flows towards it. The mixture enters the conical Chamber 15 and passes through the perforated plate 16. It burns inside the sleeve 11 such that die.Flamme the upper plate 9a of the thermoelectric converter 9 sweeps over and this on a relatively high temperature. The warm gases rise over the openings 11a in the upper side of the sleeve 11 and high inside the hollow body 12 and exit via the nozzle 1b and the chamber E, which forms a vestibule, into the open.

At the same time the fan 5 causes it to rise upwards Cold air flow that the Ra formed by the ribs 10. diator, which cools the ribs and thus the lower ones Plate 9b of the thermoelectrical U / andlers 9 relatively keeps you cold. The air flowing past the ribs 10 arrives at the top in part B and comes into contact with ribs 17. It absorbs the arms that the ribs of the hollow body 12 and its inner ribs 18 take up »

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The assembly 18, 12, 17 of the upper part of the combustion chamber forms So a heat exchanger between the HeiQ gases, which from the sleeve 11 from rise and the air, which in turn pulls in the annular space between the hollow body 12 and the UJand of the housing 1 upwards. The air heated in this way enters the upper part C of the housing and then depending on the position of the flap 24 either on the Openings 1c in the interior of the caravan or over the. Openings 1d and the chamber D, which protects against the influence of U / ind, into freedom. In the first case, the device heats the caravan and at the same time generates electrical energy (low temperature operation); in the second Trap it only supplies electrical energy without heating the room, which is desirable at high temperatures. It understands that the flap 24 is also brought into an intermediate position can be.

There are still the ignition and control devices of the facility and describe the electrical circuit diagram. For this purpose, j next the above-mentioned head 19 explained in more detail. As can be seen from FIG. 2, this head has a massive body a laterally arranged main inlet 19b which opens into a vertical channel 19c connected to the nozzle 21. Of the Head 19 also has an auxiliary inlet 19d which opens into a bore 19e which surrounds the nozzle 21 with ample axial play. The bore is extended downwards by means of a sleeve 33 which ends a little above the end of the nozzle 21. A

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Connector 34 v / connects the auxiliary inlaS 19d with a Line 35 through which the sleeve 33 is supplied with gas in order to enrich the mixture during the ignition of the burner.

Figure 3 shows a basic diagram of the device.

At 5 the fan is shown, which the air to the fins 10, i.e. to the cooling radiator of the thermo-electrical converter 9 can get. The air that has passed the ribs 10 reaches the outer exchanger formed by the assembly 18, 12, 17 and flows from there into part C in a heated state a, from where you can either use the openings Tc in the interior or through the openings 1d into the open air. The outside air sucked in via the pipe 22 reaches the burner 14, which supplies the thermoelectric converter 9 with noise, by directing the burner gases into the heat exchanger 18, 12, 17, from tuo them via the chamber E from the caravan to can be derived from the outside. The flammable gas that one doesn't

The bottle shown is supplied to a control device 36. It passes through a main tap 37 _S sin safety valve 36 (which is held open by an electromagnet gagsn the force of a return spring) and sin solenoid valve 39, from which it reaches the main inlet 19b of the burner head. A bypass line is located parallel to the valve 39. 40, which has an opening of predetermined cross section indicated schematically at 41, to work throttled around the burner

■ J. ■■■ - · to be able to leave when the valve 39 is closed.

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The line 35 illustrated in FIG. 3 branches off from the Main line before valve 39 and leads to the auxiliary inlet 19do There is a valve 42 in the line.

A thermocouple 43 is assigned to the burner, of which the Holding magnet of the safety valve 38 is fed to keep the safety valve open when the flame is ignited is.

In the electrical circuit explained in more detail below lies a battery F, which is divided into two halves of 6V each is. From the thermoelectric converter 9, the current runs through a first relay 44 (voltage measuring relay), the a control lamp 45 is assigned «The current will then extend to a switching device 46, a charge control relay 47, to which a second control lamp 48 is assigned, passes through and reaches the battery F via a main switch 49. The thermostat 7, which controls the solenoid valve, is fed via a power supply 39 controls. An ignition coil 50 (FIGS. 1 and 3) is assigned to the burner 14, which by means of a switch 51 (Figure 4) can be operated.

A bimetal switch is located in the electrical cable (FIG. 3) which connects the thermocouple 43 with the safety valve 36 1Da, which breaks the circuit, if as a result of an unintentional Failure of the fan, the ribs 10 (and thus also the lower plate 9b of the thermoelectric converter 9)

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become excessively hot

The control takes place from dBm block 8 (Figure 1), the to / ei . cylindrical knobs 52 and 53 are assigned »the middle one Button 52 activates the needle of the main valve 37. This must be opened and / or grounded before it can be operated; it will be closed when the facility is to be shut down. The zu / eita button 53 causes the rotation of a cam disk, the development of which is shown schematically in FIG. ll / ie illustrates, points φ this cam disk 54 on three cams 54a, 54b and 54c. Of the The first cam controls the valve 42 for enrichment of the gas mixture during ignition} the second causes the opening of the Safety valve 38 against the force of the return spring} the third cam closes switch 51. When the main tap is open and cam 54 is actuated, the device Gas supplied; at the same time, current flows through the ignition coil 50. Gas reaches the nozzle 21 and the sleeve at the same time ■ 33, whereby a very rich mixture is formed, which is ignites at the ignition coil without causing a flashback and which heats the thermocouple 43. After some For a dozen seconds, the thermocouple on the solenoid of valve 38 applies a current of sufficient magnitude to operate the valve hold in the open position. The cam 54 can now be returned to the rest position, whereby the ignition coil is put out of operation and the supply of additional gas via the sleeve 33 is interrupted. Through this the mixture in the burner is adjusted to the normal fuel gas content

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set

From this moment on, the burner works fully if it is assumed that the battery is being charged and the thermostat 7 is in the "cold" position, in which the valve 39 is open. When the thermostat 7 changes to the "luarm ¹¹ " position, the valve 39 closes so that gas is only supplied to the burner via the opening 41 and the burner is therefore throttled.

Because the thermostat 7 is indicated in FIG Orphan housed in the lower part of the housing 1 works he as a controller dependent on the outside temperature, because it determines the temperature of the air sucked into the room. It therefore regulates the heating of the room in the desired If it is in the "cold" position and the Battery is fully charged.

If the fan 5 stops, the ribs 10 heat up and disconnects the bimetal switch 10a from the circuit of the thermocouple on what the closing of the safety valve 38 has the consequence.

Figure 5 shows the electrical circuit diagram in detail and makes it easier the understanding of Figure 3. LUiθ given above is the battery F, which should have 12 V, for example, in two Split halves F1, F2 at 6 V each. A two-pole changeover switch.

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46a allows alternating one and then the other of the to connect both half batteries to two lines 55 and 56 α The line 55 is connected to the positive pole of the thermoelectric converter 9 via a diode 57, which prevents that the battery discharges via the converter when it is out of order. The line 56 is via a movable charge control contact 57a, of the relay winding 47 according to FIG. 3 is controlled, connected to the negative pole of the li / andler. At the end of charging (position of the movable contacts shown in dashed lines), this contact connects the negative pole of the UJandler with a resistor 58, do this below is explained in more detail.

The relay winding 47 is connected to a line 59 which The other end of the led to the negative pole of battery F Relay winding is connected to another line 60, which in turn via the movable contact 44a, the voltage measuring relay 44 can be connected to the positive pole of the battery F. Connects in the idle state (position shown in dashed lines) this movable contact 44a has the positive pole connected to the control lamp 45, the other side of which is connected to the line 59 is »The line 60 is connected via a movable contact 47b of the relay 47 to a circuit in which in series the thermostat 7 and the winding of the solenoid valve 39 are located and which is connected to line 59. The control lamp 48 is parallel to the series circuit of relay winding and Thermostat 7. Between the two lines 59 and 60, the

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L 15 -

Switching device 46, which has a time delay element with relatively long time delay period and an electromagnet for actuating the switch 46a. '

Between the positive and the negative pole of the battery "aiter in series the ignition coil 50 and the one assigned to it Control switch 51.

Between the poles of the battery and those described above Circuits are also the two-pole main switch 49.

Before explaining how the electrical circuit works, briefly summarize the purpose of the circuit target. It is believed that the main purpose of the device is to keep the battery F charged, even if it does leads to excessive heating, which can also be remedied easily by means of the flap 24. It will therefore assumed that throttled operation of the burner is only required once the battery has been fully charged is.

Under these conditions, the facility works as follows.

In the idle state, the contact 47a connects the converter 9 to the Line 56. Contact 47b is open and therefore isolates the solenoid valve 39, which is designed so that it is normally in the open position. The contact 44a

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- 16 -

is connected to the control lamp 4,5. When the main switch 49 is closed, the control lamp 45 lights up, which indicates that the battery is switched on but not charged uiird. DIs control lamp 48, however, does not light up, door off it can be seen that the thermostat is out of order.

If the Kandier 9 emits a sufficient voltage (slightly more than 6 V), the voltage measuring relay 44 responds and actuates the contact 44a, which connects the line 60 to the positive pole de? Battery enemies. As a result, the control lamp 45 lights up while the winding on the charge control relay 47 is switched on. If the battery is not fully charged, the relay 47 does not mean that the thermostat 7 is switched off and the valve 39 remains in the open position. The burner continues to operate at maximum output iheraeiieiifcfrlehe Ünöisr 9 knows that diode 57 starts charging those of the two half-batteries Π and Γ2 that are just switched on. At the same time, the Uraecheiteinricntung comes into effect, which periodically actuates the changeover switch 46a "eo that the charging current supplied by the converter 9 is also fed to the half-battery Ft and then to the main battery Γ2" Ird. Oedurch aird a M y Bttterie with only a 6 y donating einsigen thermoelectric !! iandier one and free charged.

lüenn the battery Ψ is fully charged, ie when the two halves F1 and TZ have a Grenie voltage in the order of magnitude of

...; _, _: . . , 009825 / U08. ■ ■.

7 1/2 \ l , the relay 47 responds and adjusts the two movable contacts 47a and 47b. By moving the contact 47a and the charging of the battery is stopped while the converter 9 continues to work and the current delivered by the converter runs through the resistor 58. The contact 47b switches on the thermostat 7 and the winding of the solenoid valve 39; at the same time the control lamp 48 is made to light up, which shows that the charging process has ended.

As long as the battery is charged thoroughly, the thermostat 7 may be close the circuit of the coil of the solenoid valve 39 and thereby cause the closing of the solenoid valve. As explained above, the burner then works in a throttled manner (that is to say by supplying it via the opening 41 of the predetermined cross section according to FIG. 3). This throttled burner operation reduces the fuel gas consumption to the minimum value required to maintain the hot plate 9 '(Figure 1) of the thermoelektriechen converter 9 at a temperature sufficient "Thereby, sudden Tempereturändarungen. avoided on the thermoelectric converter , which could result in premature aging of the converter.

The circuit "described above divides a fully automatic operation of the" means "Icher and ensures that the Batte rie" tat "remains fully charged.

Of course, the above-described execution

tion »at» pi »l numerous twists and turns within the scope of the invention.

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Claims (1)

Expectations .j Heating device with thermoelectric generator, characterized in that the bottom of the combustion chamber (11) forms the poor surface of a flat thermoelectric converter (9) heated by a downwardly directed gas burner (14, 15, 19) - and the combustion chamber (11 ) is housed inside a housing (1) into which air enters from below? which initially cools the lower outer surface of the combustion chamber bottom formed by the cold surface of the thermoelectric U / andlers, then rises under further Aufuiärmüng through contact with the lateral and finally the upper outer surface of the combustion chamber by convection and leaves the housing (1) at the top, from where it can be directed into a room to be heated. 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper part of the combustion chamber is designed as a heat exchanger which is in on its outer and / or inner surfaces ribs running in vertical planes (17 and / or 18) wearing. 3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized, that the celt surface of the thermoelectric transducer forming outer surface of the Bxennreumbodene radial »ribs, 009825 / U05 carries that run in perpendicular planes. 4. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an axial fan is accommodated in the housing, which is mounted under the combustion chamber and the axis of which coincides with the axis of the combustion chamber. 5 device according to one of the preceding claims, de * characterized in that in the upper part of the housing there are at least two outlets, of which one with a room to be heated and the other with the free communicates, and deö a flap (24) is provided, by means of which a trigger or know less to be opened, nourishing de? enäsr © more or less is closed * 6 «device according to one of the preceding claims, df characterized in that in the lower part dee Gehfiuese a thermostat (7) controlling the burner (19) is housed. 7. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control of the burner (19) without switching off by transitioning from operation with maximum Power is performed on throttled operation. 009825 / U05 Device according to claims 6 and 7, characterized in that that the thermostat (7) is on. Solenoid valve (39) in the gas supply = line (19b) of the burner (19) operated and that in parallel a bypass line (40) is connected to the solenoid valve (39), predetermined their flow rate through an opening (4.1) Cross-section is set so that the burner work throttled. Device according to one of the preceding claims, gefP . characterized by an ignition element (53,54), when activated at the same time a normal safety valve (3fl) opened and (at 51) an electrical burner ignition circuit (50) closed luird » 1Oo device according to claim 9, characterized in that the ignition element (53,54) also opens valve (42), via which the burner additional to facilitate ignition Gas fed ujirdo ο Device according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that that the ignition element is formed by a cam disk (54), for the actuation of which a button (53) is provided which is concentric with a control button (52) of a main valve (37) for the gas supply to the heating device 12o device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized that the accumulator assigned to the device 009825/1405 lator battery (F) is divided into two halves (F1 and F2) of 6 \ ί each and that a switch (46a) is provided, which is actuated by a timing element (46), preferably with a relatively long time delay, which is periodically for charging one or the other of the two half batteries (FI and F2) takes care of the self-contained thermoelectric converter (9). 13. Device according to claims 8 and 12, characterized by a voltage measuring relay (44) connected to the thermoelectric ^ » ■ converter (9). connected is upd the timer (46). as that from the thermostat (7). controlled (solenoid valve (39) connects to the battery (F) when the Sgann.ung at the terminals of the Uiapdler (9) reaches a liiert, the is large enough to allow the battery (F) to be charged. 14. Device according to claim 6, 7 or. 8 _t da.du.fch that a charging μntarbΓechendps voltmeter relaia (47) is provided, which allows the thermostat (7) controlling the Bre.nn ^ r to become effective only when the battery (F) fully charged, is.t. 15. Device according to claim 14, characterized in that the relay (47) indicating the end of charging. de.n thermoelectric The converter (9) is disconnected from a battery (f) and left on a Widaratand (58) ^ rhfitan.