DE19538747A1 - Planar wavefront aberration measuring method for coherent light source in gitter shear interferometer - Google Patents
Planar wavefront aberration measuring method for coherent light source in gitter shear interferometerInfo
- Publication number
- DE19538747A1 DE19538747A1 DE1995138747 DE19538747A DE19538747A1 DE 19538747 A1 DE19538747 A1 DE 19538747A1 DE 1995138747 DE1995138747 DE 1995138747 DE 19538747 A DE19538747 A DE 19538747A DE 19538747 A1 DE19538747 A1 DE 19538747A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- phase
- grating
- grid
- light source
- coherent light
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 5
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 title claims 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009795 derivation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001020 plasma etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001747 pupil Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/42—Diffraction optics, i.e. systems including a diffractive element being designed for providing a diffractive effect
- G02B27/4233—Diffraction optics, i.e. systems including a diffractive element being designed for providing a diffractive effect having a diffractive element [DOE] contributing to a non-imaging application
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J9/00—Measuring optical phase difference; Determining degree of coherence; Measuring optical wavelength
- G01J9/02—Measuring optical phase difference; Determining degree of coherence; Measuring optical wavelength by interferometric methods
- G01J9/0215—Measuring optical phase difference; Determining degree of coherence; Measuring optical wavelength by interferometric methods by shearing interferometric methods
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Testing Of Optical Devices Or Fibers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Bekannt sind Gitter-Shear-Interferometer in Form des sogenannten Ronchi-Tests.Grating shear interferometers in the form of the so-called Ronchi test are known.
Bei diesem Verfahren wird ein Gitter in der Fokusregion plaziert, d. h. es werden die sphärischen Wellen in der Fokalregion durch Beugung an dem Gitter vervielfältigt und richtungsmäßig aufgefächert (im Fernfeld also auch lateral gesheart). Um, ein Overlap zwischen mehr als zwei Ordnungen zu vermeiden, wählt man im allgemeinen die Gitterkonstante so klein oder den shear so groß, daß sich nur benachbarte Ordnungen überlagern können. Das bedeutet jedoch beträchtliche Shearbeträge (z. B. halbe Apertur). Eine andere Lösung beruht auf einer Phasenmodulation mit ω durch laetarle Translation des Gitters. Dabei läßt sich durch schmalbandiges Filtern das erwünschte Signal mit der Frequenz ω von allen anderen mit den Frequenzen mω (m<1) separieren.In this method, a grid is placed in the focus region, i. H. it will be the spherical waves in the focal region multiplied by diffraction at the grating and directional fanned out (in the far field also sheared laterally). Um, an overlap To avoid more than two orders, you generally choose the Lattice constant so small or the shear so big that there are only neighboring orders can overlay. However, this means considerable amounts of shear (e.g. half aperture). A another solution is based on a phase modulation with ω by means of laetarle translation of the grating. The desired signal with the frequency ω of can be obtained by narrowband filtering separate all others with the frequencies mω (m <1).
Erfindungsgemäß geht es jedoch um eine Anordnung, die beliebige Sheargrößen für Planwellen ermöglicht und gleichzeitig frei von signifikanten Störungen bleibt.According to the invention, however, it is an arrangement that has arbitrary shear sizes for plane shafts enables and at the same time remains free of significant disturbances.
Es werden zwei Phasengitter in einer Reihenschaltung benutzt, die derart gestaltet sind, daß die 0-te und alle geraden Beugungsordnungen weitestgehend unterdrückt werden.Two phase gratings are used in a series connection, which are designed such that the 0th and all even diffraction orders are largely suppressed.
Wie bekannt /1/ sind zur Rekonstruktion des Wellenfeldes wenigstens 2 (möglichst orthogonale) Shears erforderlich, d. h. man muß z. B. 2 Messungen mit Shears in x- bzw. y- Richtung ausführen. Im vorliegenden Fall kann das durch eine 90°-Drehung (im Prinzip sind aber auch andere Winkel möglich) der Gesamtanordnung geschehen.As is known / 1 /, at least 2 (if possible orthogonal) shears required, d. H. one must z. B. 2 measurements with shears in x- or y- Execute direction. In the present case, this can be done by turning 90 ° (in principle but other angles are also possible) of the overall arrangement.
Die beiden Phasengitter sollen gleiche Gitterkonstanten haben und für die +-ersten Ordnungen geblazt sein, d. h. konkret z. B. aus äquidistanten 0 und π-Zonen bestehen, die z. B. durch Mikrostrukturierung und reaktives Ionenätzen in Quarzglas erzeugt sein sollen.The two phase gratings should have the same grating constants and for the + first orders be blown, d. H. specifically z. B. consist of equidistant 0 and π zones z. B. by Microstructuring and reactive ion etching should be generated in quartz glass.
Man kommt also zu der folgenden Anordnung (Fig. 1):This leads to the following arrangement ( Fig. 1):
Das Licht von einer zu untersuchenden Planwelle fallt auf das Gitter G₁ und wird dort in 2 Wellen aufgespalten, die zum Gitter G₂ im Abstand z₀ propagieren und dabei eine örtliche Trennung durchmachen. Das Gitter G₂ erzeugt aus jeder der ankommenden Wellen jeweils 2 weitere von denen je eine parallel zur optischen Achse verlaufen und im Überlappungsgebiet zur Interferenz führen. Durch Abbildung der Austrittspupille EP auf eine CCD-Kamera mit einem teleskopischen System L₁, Blende, L₂ kann man die Intensität aufnehmen und einem Computer zur Auswertung zuführen. Die Blende in der gemeinsamen Brennebene von L₁, L₂ dient dazu alle störenden Wellen anderer Gitterordnungen auszufiltern. Als Störlicht verbleibt dann lediglich das Licht der jeweils ungebeugten Ordnungen, das naturgemäß sehr schwach ausfallt oder durch Sondermaßnahmen (s.w. unten) weitgehend unterdrückt werden kann. Zur Auswertung kann G₂ gegen G₁ lateral senkrecht zu den Gitterlinien bewegt werden, wobei eine Verschiebung um eine Gitterperiode einer Phasenverschiebung von 2π entspricht. Damit lassen sich alle Phasenauswertemethoden, wie etwa phase shitting Techniken /1/ heranziehen.The light from a plane wave to be examined falls on the grating G 1 and is there in 2 Waves split, which propagate to the grid G₂ at a distance z₀ and thereby a local Go through separation. The grid G₂ generates 2 from each of the incoming waves more of which are each parallel to the optical axis and in the overlap area lead to interference. By imaging the exit pupil EP on a CCD camera a telescopic system L₁, aperture, L₂ you can record the intensity and one Feed the computer for evaluation. The aperture in the common focal plane of L₁, L₂ is used to filter out all interfering waves of other grating orders. Remains as a stray light then only the light of the respective undiffracted orders, which is naturally very weak fails or can be largely suppressed by special measures (see below). For Evaluation can be moved G₂ against G₁ laterally perpendicular to the grid lines, one Shift by one grating period corresponds to a phase shift of 2π. Leave with it use all phase evaluation methods, such as phase shitting techniques / 1 /.
Die Größe des eingestellten Shears s hängt dabei vom Abstand z₀ ab wobei gilt:The size of the set shear s depends on the distance z₀ where:
s = 2z₀anθ, wobei θ = arc sin λ/ps = 2z₀anθ, where θ = arc sin λ / p
wobei p die Gitterkonstante der beiden Gitter, und X die Schwerpunktswellenlänge bedeuten. Nach Ausführen einer Messung in x-Richtung wird die Gitterkombination um 90° gedreht und die Auswertung in y-Richtung durchgeführt. Aus den so gewonnenen partiellen Ableitungen nach x, y werden danach durch Anfitten von geeigneten Polynomen die Wellenaberrationen berechnet.where p is the grating constant of the two grids, and X is the centroid wavelength. After performing a measurement in the x direction, the grating combination is rotated through 90 ° and the evaluation was carried out in the y direction. From the partial derivatives obtained in this way after x, y, by fitting suitable polynomials, the wave aberrations become calculated.
Besondere Aufmerksamkeit muß man dem Streulicht widmen, welches in einem solchen Interferometer generiert werden kann, da es keine perfekten Komponenten gibt. Hauptsächlich das Licht aus der nullten Ordnung ist dabei wesentlich, da es sich in die gleiche Richtung ausbreitet wie die Testwelle.Special attention must be paid to the stray light which is contained in such Interferometer can be generated because there are no perfect components. Mainly The zero order light is essential since it is in the same direction spreads out like the test wave.
Eine Alternative zu den rein eindimensionalen Gittern wäre eine Kombination aus einem Kreuzphasengitter mit einem Linearphasengitter. Das Kreuzphasengitter hat den enormen Vorteil, daß im Falle von 0 und π phaseschiebenden Bereichen die nullte Ordnung von zweiter Ordnung klein wird, da das Beugungsproblem aufgrund der Orthogonalität separierbar beschrieben werden kann, oder in anderen Worten die Beugungsverteilungen für x, y multiplizieren sich, wodurch die nullte Ordnung quadratisch unterdrückt wird.An alternative to the purely one-dimensional grids would be a combination of one Cross phase grating with a linear phase grating. The cross phase grating has the enormous Advantage that in the case of 0 and π phase shifting areas the zeroth order of second Order becomes small because the diffraction problem can be separated due to the orthogonality can be described, or in other words the diffraction distributions for x, y multiply, which suppresses the zeroth order squared.
Zur Auswertung in x bzw. in y-Richtung wäre dann das lineare Phasengitter G₂ um 90° zu drehen und durch laterale Bewegung die Phase verstellbar.The linear phase grating G₂ would then be 90 ° away for evaluation in the x or y direction turn and the phase can be adjusted by lateral movement.
Eine solche Anordnung hat einen weit größeren Störabstand als die Anordnung mit zwei linearen Gittern.Such an arrangement has a much larger signal-to-noise ratio than the arrangement with two linear grids.
Literatur:Literature:
/1/ D. Malacara "Optical Shop Testing", sec. ed. 1972, John Wiley & Sons New York/ 1 / D. Malacara "Optical Shop Testing", sec. Ed. 1972, John Wiley & Sons New York
Claims (5)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE1995138747 DE19538747A1 (en) | 1995-10-18 | 1995-10-18 | Planar wavefront aberration measuring method for coherent light source in gitter shear interferometer |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE1995138747 DE19538747A1 (en) | 1995-10-18 | 1995-10-18 | Planar wavefront aberration measuring method for coherent light source in gitter shear interferometer |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE19538747A1 true DE19538747A1 (en) | 1997-04-24 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE1995138747 Pending DE19538747A1 (en) | 1995-10-18 | 1995-10-18 | Planar wavefront aberration measuring method for coherent light source in gitter shear interferometer |
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Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19650325A1 (en) * | 1996-12-04 | 1998-06-10 | Ettemeyer Gmbh & Co Mes Und Pr | Method and device for determining deformations and strains on curved bodies |
| US6188483B1 (en) | 1997-12-03 | 2001-02-13 | Dr. Ettemeyer Gmbh & Co. | Method and apparatus for determining deformation and elongation on curved bodies |
| US7075633B2 (en) | 2001-10-25 | 2006-07-11 | Carl Zeiss Smt Ag | Method and system for measuring the imaging quality of an optical imaging system |
| US7333216B2 (en) | 2000-02-23 | 2008-02-19 | Carl Zeiss Smt Ag | Apparatus for wavefront detection |
| CN102879111A (en) * | 2012-10-10 | 2013-01-16 | 北京理工大学 | Device and method for detecting wave-front aberrations of beam expanding and collimating system |
| US9141004B2 (en) | 2011-03-30 | 2015-09-22 | Asml Netherlands B.V. | Lithographic apparatus and method |
| CN108955905A (en) * | 2018-03-23 | 2018-12-07 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Wavefront sensor and detection method based on modified Hartmann's mask |
| CN111256582A (en) * | 2020-01-22 | 2020-06-09 | 中国计量大学 | Transient phase-shifting lateral shearing interferometer and measurement method |
| DE102022208320A1 (en) | 2022-08-10 | 2024-02-15 | Carl Zeiss Smt Gmbh | Method for operating a measuring system |
| DE102023206874A1 (en) * | 2023-07-20 | 2025-01-23 | Carl Zeiss Smt Gmbh | Interferometric measuring device |
| DE102023123085A1 (en) * | 2023-08-28 | 2025-03-06 | Institut Für Nanophotonik Göttingen E.V. | Device for producing a periodic structure in a substrate surface of a substrate and method for its operation |
-
1995
- 1995-10-18 DE DE1995138747 patent/DE19538747A1/en active Pending
Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19650325A1 (en) * | 1996-12-04 | 1998-06-10 | Ettemeyer Gmbh & Co Mes Und Pr | Method and device for determining deformations and strains on curved bodies |
| US6188483B1 (en) | 1997-12-03 | 2001-02-13 | Dr. Ettemeyer Gmbh & Co. | Method and apparatus for determining deformation and elongation on curved bodies |
| US7333216B2 (en) | 2000-02-23 | 2008-02-19 | Carl Zeiss Smt Ag | Apparatus for wavefront detection |
| US7075633B2 (en) | 2001-10-25 | 2006-07-11 | Carl Zeiss Smt Ag | Method and system for measuring the imaging quality of an optical imaging system |
| US7307707B2 (en) | 2001-10-25 | 2007-12-11 | Carl Zeiss Smt Ag | Method and system for measuring the imaging quality of an optical imaging system |
| US9141004B2 (en) | 2011-03-30 | 2015-09-22 | Asml Netherlands B.V. | Lithographic apparatus and method |
| CN102879111A (en) * | 2012-10-10 | 2013-01-16 | 北京理工大学 | Device and method for detecting wave-front aberrations of beam expanding and collimating system |
| CN108955905A (en) * | 2018-03-23 | 2018-12-07 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Wavefront sensor and detection method based on modified Hartmann's mask |
| CN108955905B (en) * | 2018-03-23 | 2020-10-16 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Wavefront sensor and detection method based on improved Hartmann mask |
| CN111256582A (en) * | 2020-01-22 | 2020-06-09 | 中国计量大学 | Transient phase-shifting lateral shearing interferometer and measurement method |
| DE102022208320A1 (en) | 2022-08-10 | 2024-02-15 | Carl Zeiss Smt Gmbh | Method for operating a measuring system |
| DE102023206874A1 (en) * | 2023-07-20 | 2025-01-23 | Carl Zeiss Smt Gmbh | Interferometric measuring device |
| DE102023123085A1 (en) * | 2023-08-28 | 2025-03-06 | Institut Für Nanophotonik Göttingen E.V. | Device for producing a periodic structure in a substrate surface of a substrate and method for its operation |
| WO2025045517A1 (en) | 2023-08-28 | 2025-03-06 | Institut Für Nanophotonik Göttingen E.V. | Apparatus for generating a periodic structure in a substrate surface of a substrate and method for the operation thereof |
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