DE19521291A1 - laundry detergent - Google Patents

Description

Modern detergents consist of several substances, which perform various functions. So builders serve Removal of the natural water hardness in the wash liquor, Surfactants for removing dirt and bleaching systems, which are protected by stabilizers, for oxidati destruction of dirt and germs.

As a bleaching agent are currently still on a larger scale Perborates, for example NaBO₃ · 4 H₂O or NaBO₃ · H₂O, used, but against which there are ecological concerns be. The use of what is known as an oxidizing agent Sodium carbonate peroxohydrate ("sodium percarbonate") as Bleach in detergents is by application technology complications. Sodium percarbonate can namely only in water-free, at least low-water detergent form formulations are used, but the special produ tion technologies and raw materials.

DE-OS 42 23 546 describes a process for the production a mixture of sodium silicates and another Salt known, in which one essentially consists of δ-Na₂Si₂O₅ existing sodium silicate with carbon dioxide sets and the reaction product hydrogen peroxide solution adds. The resulting mixture is either steamed under vacuum or by spraying into a warm gas stream and then dries the solid residue. The mixture obtained in this way consists essentially from partially dehydrated kanemite and sodium percarbonate, the sodium percarbonate formed in situ on the Finest surface of the partially dehydrated Kanemite  Distribution is adsorbed; the mixture is subsequently with the term "Kanemit / NaPC".

Kanemit / NaPC points out because of the direct contact of the Na triumpercarbonates with the Kanemit a good storage stability open up.

Because of the optimal distribution of active oxygen the Kanemit / NaPC has no fire-promoting Properties, such as an investigation according to the UN regulation "Test for fire-promoting properties" (cf. "Recom mendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods ", 8. Aus gabe, United Nations, New York, 1993). Therefore Kanemit / NaPC not in classes 4.1, 4.2 and 5.1 according to Classify transport regulations.

Because of these favorable properties, it is possible Kanemit / NaPC in common spray mixing systems without white processing more effort into a detergent.

It is an object of the present invention to formulate a detergent based on Kanemit / NaPC. The detergent according to the invention is pending
10 to 80% by weight of partially dehydrated kanemite with finely divided sodium percarbonate (kanemite / NaPC) adsorbed on its surface,
5 to 40% by weight of at least one surfactant,
0 to 5% by weight of enzymes,
0 to 1% by weight of optical brighteners
as well as usual washing aids.

The detergent according to the invention can optionally also be further trained in that

• a) the partially dehydrated kanemite on its surface contains 31% by weight of sodium percarbonate adsorbed;
• b) the partially dehydrated kanemite with sodium percarbonate adsorbed on its surface has been produced by
  • aa) at least partially reacting a sodium silicate consisting essentially of δ-Na₂Si₂O₅ with carbon dioxide and water with constant stirring, a kanemite / sodium hydrogen carbonate mixture being formed,
  • bb) contacting the kanemite / sodium hydrogen carbonate mixture and further sodium silicate consisting essentially of δ-Na₂Si₂O₅ with constant circulation with atomized water, a kanemite / sodium carbonate mixture being formed,
  • cc) adding hydrogen peroxide to the Kanemit-Na triumcarbonate mixture, 0.015 to 1.5 moles of water per mole used, consisting essentially of δ-Na₂Si₂O₅ and sodium silicate were spent
  • dd) drying the product at temperatures of 20 to 150 ° C.

The detergent according to the invention is distinguished by good washing performance and storage stability, it has surprisingly been found that the detergent according to the invention with the same active oxygen content in the wash liquor shows a significantly better bleaching effect than a detergent based on sodium percarbonate in combination with layered silicates of the formula NaMSi _x O _{2x + 1} · y H₂O (with x = 1.9 to 4; y = 0 - 20; M = H, Na) and / or zeolite. The surprisingly good bleaching effect is probably due to the special particle structure of the Kanemit / NaPC. The sodium percarbonate formed in situ is adsorbed on the kanemite in very fine distribution, the small particle size of the adsorbed sodium percarbonate resulting in a particularly high bleaching rate and bleaching yield. The dispersing effect of the Kanemits in the Kanemit / NaPC system is of crucial importance for the reduction of the mechanical loss in the washing machine, whereby mechanical loss refers to the proportion of poorly soluble or heavy bleaching agent particles that sink to the bottom of the washing machine or remain in their drain connections and therefore do not contribute to the active washing process.

The detergent according to the invention also shows one surprisingly low incrustation tendency.

The good flowability of the detergent according to the inven dung even after hard storage conditions expands their advantage, obviously the fine distribution of sodium percarbonate on the Kanemit particles Overgrowth of the sodium percarbonate particles and thus one Prevents caking during storage.

The detergent according to the invention can be anionic surfactants ("Anionics") and / or nonionic surfactants ("Nonionics") contain.

To the surfactants and washing aids, which are invented in the detergents according to the invention are still out guided:

Anionic surfactants are to be understood as meaning the water-soluble salts of higher fatty acids or resin acids, such as sodium or potassium soaps from coconut, palm kernel or turnip oil, and from tallow and mixtures thereof. These also include higher alkyl-substituted aromatic sulfonates, such as line are alkylbenzenesulfonates with 9 to 14 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical (LAS), alkylnaphthalenesulfonates, alkyltoluenesulfonates, alkylxylenesulfonates or alkylphenolsulfonates; Fatty alcohol sulfates (R-CH₂-O-SO₃Na; R = C _11-17 ) or fatty alcohol ether sulfates, such as alkali lauryl sulfate or alkali hexadecyl sulfate, triethanolamine lauryl sulfate, sodium or potassium alkylene sulfate, sodium or potassium salts of with 2 to 6 moles of ethylene sulfate ethoxylate. Other suitable anionic surfactants are secondary linear alkanesulfonates and α-olefinsulfonates with a chain length of 12-20 carbon atoms.

Such non-ionic surfactants (Nonionics) are to understand bonds that are organic, hydrophobic Group and have a hydrophilic residue, for. B. the Condensation products of alkylphenols or higher fat alcohols with ethylene oxide (fatty alcohol ethoxylates), the Kon products of polypropylene glycol with ethylene oxide or propylene oxide, the condensation products of ethylene oxide with the reaction product of ethylenediamine and propy lenoxide, as well as long-chain tertiary amine oxides

Finally, include surfactants with zwitterionic (ampholy the following connections:

Derivatives of aliphatic, secondary and tertiary amines or quaternary ammonium compounds with 8 to 18 carbon atoms and a hydrophilic group in the aliphatic residue, such as e.g. B. Sodium 3-dodecylaminopropionate, sodium 3-dodecylami nopropanesulfonate, 3- (N, N-dimethyl-N-hexadecylammonium) pro pan-1-sulfonate or fatty acid aminoalkyl-N, N-dimethylaceto  betaine, the fatty acid having 8 to 10 carbon atoms and the alkyl rest contains 1-3 carbon atoms.

Inorganic salts, orga, are suitable as washing aids African acids and their salts as well as complexing agents.

Usable inorganic salts are, for example, the Bi carbonates or carbonates of alkalis, e.g. B. Soda. To the organic washing additives include 1 to 7 carbon atoms sustaining sulfonic acids, carboxylic acids and sulfocarboxylic acids as well as their salts. Here are mainly benzene, toluene or Xylene sulfonic acid, sulfoacetic acid, sulfobenzoic acid, Sulfodicarboxylic acids, acetic acid, lactic acid, citric acid and tartaric acid and its salts. To the com plexing agents include, for example, nitrilotriacetic acid, Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, N-hydroxyethylethylenediamine triacetic acid or polyalkylenepolyamine-N-polycarboxylic acids.

Washing aids also include alkali or ammonium salts sulfuric acid (e.g. Na₂SO₄), boric acid, alkylene, hydro xyalkylene or aminoalkylenephosphonic acid, methylene diphos phonic acid, 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid and nitrilo trismethylenephosphonic acid.

Washing aids that reduce the dirt-carrying capacity of washing brisk increase, such as carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl starch and methyl cellulose, foam regulators such as mono- and Dialkylphosphoric acid esters with 16 to 20 carbon atoms in the alkyl rest as well as optical brighteners, disinfectants and enzymes, such as proteases, amylases, lipases, and also fragrances also be components.

The preparation of those listed in the following examples The detergent was made using the spray mixing method. A free-fall mixer was used, in which the  solid powdery ingredients were premixed rend the liquid components to the dry premix were injected (see "Soaps, Fette, Öle, Wwachs ", volume 99, pages 351 to 357, 1973).

The detergents specified in the table (see page 9) formulations in which Wa I and Wa II comparative formulas washings, while Wa III is a Invention is, according to the following Be conditions checked by washing:

Primary washing effect (bleachable stains)

Main wash only (punch-card controlled household washing machine shine; Type Miele TMT)

Active oxygen: 2.6 g / wash
Water hardness: 18 ° dH
Washing temperature: 60 ° C
Test fabric: Dyed or soiled cotton

The dirt removal was carried out on the washed test fabric optical reflectance measurement at 460 nm (device: Datacolor 3890) according to the so-called difference method following equation:

% Rd =% Rg -% Ru
in which
% Rd =% remission difference (measure for dirt removal)
% Rg =% remission of the washed test tissue
% Ru =% remission of the unwashed test fabric

mean.

Secondary washing effect (incrustation)

Main wash: 25 wash cycles
Water hardness: 18 ° dH
Washing temperature: 60 ° C
Test fabric: WFK cotton, WFK polyester / cotton 2: 1 (WFK = laundry research Krefeld, DE)

The tissue deposits (incrustations) were in the form of average inorganic tissue ash (average from 5 Test fabrics) as a percentage of ignition residue at 800 ° C Right.

table

Detergent formulations

The Ge used for the washing agent Wa III according to the invention mix from partially hydrated Kanemite (70 wt .-%) with his Surface in finest distribution of absorbed sodium percarbo nat (30 wt .-%) was according to the process of DE-OS 42 23 546 receive. For this purpose, an essentially δ-Na₂Si₂O₅ be standing sodium silicate in aqueous solution until saturated mixed with CO₂ and then added H₂O₂. The quantities of the individual components were previously described on the above ne, desired composition has been calculated.

The product obtained was then as above Page 6 described, incorporated into the detergent.

Claims (3)

1. Detergent consisting of
10 to 80% by weight of partially dehydrated kanemite with finely divided adsorbed sodium percarbonate (kanemite / NaPC),
5 to 40% by weight of at least one surfactant,
0 to 5% by weight of enzymes,
0 to 1% by weight of optical brighteners
as well as usual washing aids. 2. Detergent according to claim 1, characterized in that the partially dehydrated kanemite up to its surface contains 31% by weight of sodium percarbonate adsorbed. 3. Detergent according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the partially dehydrated kanemite has been prepared with sodium percarbonate adsorbed on its surface by

• aa) at least partially reacting a sodium silicate consisting essentially of δ-Na₂Si₂O₅ with carbon dioxide and water with constant circulation, forming a mixture of kanemite and sodium hydrogen carbonate,
• bb) contacting the kanemite / sodium hydrogen carbonate mixture and further sodium silicate consisting essentially of δ-Na₂Si₂O₅ with constant circulation with atomized water, a kanemite / sodium carbonate mixture being formed,
• cc) adding hydrogen peroxide to the Kanemit / Na triumcarbonate mixture, wherein 0.015 to 1.5 moles of water per mole used, consisting essentially of δ-Na₂Si₂O₅ existing sodium silicate and
• dd) drying the product at temperatures of 20 to 150 ° C.