DE19500844A1 - Door drive esp. door closer for automatic door closing and manual opening of door - Google Patents

Abstract

A control unit pref. an electronic control unit with a microprocessor is provided, which is connected with a low power electric motor(30). No control elements are required for initiating an opening operation. A displacement and/or a speed determination of the door or a driven element of the door, is provided with a pulse counter. This e.g. is an incremental transmitter esp. a tachogenerator, pref. working in conjunction with a drive shaft of the motor.

Description

The invention relates to a door drive, in particular door closers, to yourself closing a door and opening the door with manual force application, preferably alone using manual force and a Method for controlling a door operator.

Hydraulic or pneumatic door closers are known which have a piston-zy lindersystem with closer spring. When the door is opened manually the closer spring is biased. The closing then takes place automatically under Hydraulic or pneumatic damping effect of the closer spring (DE-OS 36 38 353).

Disadvantage of these known door closers is that each with manual opening the closer spring must be overcome or preloaded. To this To eliminate the disadvantage, it is known, the power transmission linkage of the To design door closers as so-called free-swing linkages. It deals is a special linkage that has a freewheel. With him Most manual opening of the door, the closer spring is tensioned and over a Locking device locked in this pretensioned state, at the same time the free running of the boom is switched on, so that in the following the Door can be closed and opened manually without the action of the door closer can (DE-OS 25 59 061).  

The disadvantage of these door closers equipped with free-swing linkage is that that the NO function is ineffective when freewheel is switched on.

Furthermore, door closers with an opening motor are known, for. B. electrohydraulic Door closer with closer spring and hydraulic motor for opening (DE-OS 32 02 966). Pure electric motor door drives are also known, which open and close electromechanically (DE-OS 32 02 930). This elec trohydraulic or electromechanical drives are automatic drives, that open and close automatically and therefore a complicated control require. In order to realize the opening process quickly enough, powerful opener motors required.

The object of the invention is to provide a door drive of the type mentioned create that allows the door to be opened manually without great resistance and each time the door closes safely and a method for controlling a to create such a door operator.

The invention solves this with the subject matter of claim 1 and with the Subject of claim 25. The closing takes place with the help of the electri engine. Here, the door can be closed partially or essentially Chen or driven by the electric motor alone. The elec The motor can be powered from the mains or battery. This means, that a closer spring, at least for normal operation, not necessarily is required. This also eliminates that of conventional door closers Opening resistance occurring when the door is opened due to the closer spring. The door is opened like conventional manual door closers by manual effort, preferably only by manual Exertion of force. This makes possible designs in which control elements to initiate the opening process are not required.

Further advantages and features result from the further claims and the embodiments of the figures.

In Figs. 1 and 2, two exemplary embodiments are shown. It shows:

Figure 1 is a schematic sectional view of a door closer with a piston-cylinder system with a pump connected to the circuit of the working medium for closing.

Fig. 2 is a schematic sectional view of a further door closer with piston-cylinder system with a blower acting on the working medium.

Fig. 3 is a schematic sectional view of a drive with an electro-mechanical motor.

The door closers shown in FIGS . 1 and 2 have a closer housing 1 , in which a piston-cylinder unit 2 is arranged. In the Zy cylinder is a working medium, which is acted upon by the door closer in Fig. 1 with a pump 3 , in the door closer in Fig. 2 with a blower 4 .

The piston 2 a of the piston-cylinder unit 2 is coupled in a geared manner to a closer shaft 2 c, for. B. via a toothed gear with pinion tooth rod, as described in DE-OS 36 38 353.

The housing 1 with the piston-cylinder unit 2 and the pump 3 or the blower 4 can be arranged in a common housing or in each case in separate housings.

The housing 1 , optionally with a pump 3 or blower 4 , is attached to the door leaf or to the frame. For power transmission between the door leaf and frame men, the closer wool 2 c is coupled to a force-transmitting linkage, not shown, which acts on the frame or on the door leaf, is articulated there in the case of a scissor joint or is guided there in a slide rail in the case of a sliding arm.

Of course, the closer shaft 2 c can also attack directly on the frame or door leaf, e.g. B. when used as a floor closer, as known per se.

In the door closer in Fig. 1, a liquid such as oil or water or a gas, for. B. air is used, which is acted upon by the pump 3 for automatic closing. The pump 3 generates an overpressure in the right cylinder chamber 2 r when closing, so that the piston ben 2 a migrates to the left while rotating the closer shaft 2 c. Here, the working medium located in the left cylinder chamber 21 is displaced. It can via an overflow device, for. B. flow in the housing 1 arranged connecting channel or through an annular gap between the piston outer wall and the inner cylinder wall in the right cylinder chamber 2 r. Regulating valves are preferably arranged in the overflow device.

When the door is opened manually, the piston 2 a is moved to the right via the rotation of the closer shaft 2 c. Here, working medium is displaced from the right cylinder chamber 2 r into the left cylinder chamber 2 l. The overflow of the medium is preferably carried out as in conventional hydraulic or pneumatic door closers, for. B. via a check valve in the piston 2 a. When opening the pump 3 is switched off.

In the door closer in Fig. 2, air is used as the working medium. To close the door, air is blown into the right cylinder chamber 2 r via the blower 4 . This creates an overpressure, which causes the piston ben 2 a to move to the left while rotating the closer shaft 2 c. The air in the left cylinder chamber 21 is displaced. It can flow to the outside, preferably via a valve in the housing. Additionally or alternatively, an overflow device similar to the door closer in FIG. 1 can be provided, via which the air flows back into the right cylinder chamber 2 r.

When the door is opened manually, the piston 2 a is moved to the right via the rotation of the closer shaft 2 c. The air in the cylinder chamber 2 r is displaced. An overflow device can be provided, via which the air flows back into the left-hand cylinder chamber 21, or a valve can be provided to discharge the air to the outside. When opening the Ge blower 4 is turned off.

To regulate the opening and closing speed or for damping valves can be provided, for. B. in the overflow line or in the off, through which the air can flow out of the housing 1 . The valves can be electrically controllable, preferably programmably controllable.

The main advantage of the door closers shown is that they are without Closer spring can work and therefore no when opening the door manually Opening resistance of the closer spring is present. Furthermore, the public tion process done purely manually, so that control devices for initiation motor opening are not required.

It is particularly advantageous if only the closing process is motorized takes place, especially then relatively underpowered engines are set, preferably with a small size and inexpensive.

Basically, energy storage devices, such as preloaded springs or electrical Batteries are used to automatically close even in the event of failure the power supply, the motor, the pump or the blower len.

The drive shown in Fig. 3 corresponds in its construction in wesentli Chen the electromechanical door drive described in DE-OS 32 02 930. It also has an electromechanical motor 30 , namely a Ge geared motor with a DC motor 30 a and a planetary gear 30 b.

The motor output shaft 4 is connected to the output shaft 2 of the drive via a Ke gelstirnradgetriebe 6, wherein the drive-side bevel 6 a b on the engine output shaft 4 and the output-side bevel 6 on the Ab drive shaft 2 is rotatably arranged. The output shaft 2 is coupled to a force-transmitting linkage 16 , which close as in conventional door, for. B. can be ausgebil det as scissor linkage or sliding arm with slide rail. The drive also has an electronic Steuereinrich device 10 and a power supply 11 .

The components of the drive gear motor 30 , bevel gear 6 and control device 10 with power supply 11 are arranged in a housing 1 of the drive to one another. The drive is arranged like a conventional overhead door closer so that the housing is mounted on the Türrah men or the door leaf and the free end of the force-transmitting linkage engages on the door leaf or on the door frame. Alternatively, the drive can also be recessed in the door frame, in the floor or in the door leaf. In this case, the output shaft 2 can also interact directly with the door leaf or the frame or floor without a force-transmitting linkage 16 .

The control device 10 is connected to the electromechanical motor 30 . It is an intelligent microprocessor control. It is programmed in such a way that the drive, which is known in its construction, functions in a new way as an electromechanical door closer or electromechanical servo drive. The control and the functions of the drive are explained in the following:

The drive acts as an electromechanical door closer, ie it closes the door automatically electromechanically by the electromechanical motor 30 driving the output shaft 2 in the closing direction. The door is opened by pushing the door open by hand. If the drive acts as a door closer, the motor is switched off. The motor shaft 4 is forcibly rotated in the opposite direction when it is opened. The opening resistance is very low due to the motor.

If the drive is switched as a servo drive, the motor acts as a servo gate to support the opening movement, so that the motor in Open direction drives the door so that it opens without opening resistance can be d. i.e., is kept floating in any open position or opens only very slowly. These basic functions of the drive result with the appropriate programming of the control. These can be designed so that the connection of the motor as a servo motor Open only with more difficult doors, i. H. then takes place when the public resistance of the door is relatively large.

For path or speed detection of the door, a tachometer generator is connected to the engine output shaft 4, preferably of the tachometer generator is placed 30 in a cantilevered from the motor 30 end of the output shaft 4 on the side remote from the helical bevel 6 end face of the engine. The tachometer generator runs when opening and closing, since the motor shaft 4 is forced to move with the output shaft 2 and thus with the movement of the door, both when opening and when closing. The tachometer generator thus detects the door travel or door speed and thus door states such as closed position, open position, end position in open position, hitting an obstacle, wind pressure or exceeding a maximum door speed. The path or speed detection via the tachometer generator is done by pulse counting and is used with the electronic control to control the motor 30 .

In the closed position, the motor is de-energized or generates a constant setting real pressure. As soon as the door is pushed by hand in the opening direction the motor is de-energized, i. H. the door can now be done by hand can be opened easily. If the door is no longer in opening the opening time starts to run. If the door is pushed further in the opening direction by hand, begins Keep open time again. As long as the hold-open time runs, it stays Motor de-energized. After the hold-open time has expired, the motor finally becomes like this controlled or energized that he drives the door in the closing direction and the Door closes automatically.  

When the door is opened by hand, the motor is activated as a brake as soon as reached a predetermined maximum opening speed when opening becomes. The motor therefore acts to damp the opening. This connection of the motor takes place automatically under the action of the control. As soon as the Ta chogenerator reaching the predetermined maximum opening recognizes speed, the motor is switched on accordingly. Shortly before When the end position is reached in the open position, the motor stops the opening movement the door. The end position is saved during commissioning or each time before opening, when the door is in the end position beats. The functions of steaming and stopping can be applied with a brake drive of the motor or drive of the motor can be realized in the opposite direction, d. H. the motor is switched on in the corresponding operating mode.

The connection of the motor as a servomotor to support the opening movement is also automatic, and always when in front budding closing stiffness of the door over the Tachogenera Tor was found.

An obstruction occurs when the motor drives the door in the closing direction identifier, which is between a rigid unmoving obstacle, for. B. one suitcase standing in the door area and a person who hits the door when it hits fen - at least briefly - pushes back in the opening direction, differentiates.

If the door encounters a rigid obstacle, the motor stops it Closing process for an adjustable, preferably a short time, then will continue to be closed. If the obstacle is not removed, the stops Motor finally closes or opens the door again.

If the door hits a person who opens the door when it hits pushes back, the motor stops and reverses when it hits it immediately, d. H. the door is driven in the opening direction or the motor is switched off immediately, so that the door without opening resistance without more can be opened.  

The distinction between hitting a rigid obstacle and the impact on a person is via the tachometer generator due to the specifically detected door movements occurring when encountered and with the electronic control for the specific control of the motor works.

Furthermore, wind control occurring at the door is eliminated inspects. If an additional load due to the Wind load occurs that hits the door for a predetermined period of time, e.g. B. more when a minute pushes out of the closed position, the motor opens the door automatically back. The same applies when opening and closing a possible wind load through appropriate servo assistance or Damping taken into account, the wind load in this case also over the Path or speed detection is detected with the tachometer generator.

As a further function it is provided that the drive when controlled via egg NEN switch, z. B. elbow switch, as a conventional automatic The drive works, which opens the door electromechanically and afterwards certain hold-open time closes again electromechanically.

In a modified development of the embodiment in Fig. 3, a locking unit z. B. is provided in the form of a closing spring which is kept biased during normal operation and can only be switched in an emergency. The locking unit thus forms an emergency motor. Preferably, the locking unit is e.g. B. can be coupled via a switchable coupling with the closer shaft 2 . If, during normal operation, the locking unit is held in a pre-tensioned position, it does not form any opening resistance when opening manually. In normal operation, the closing process takes place via the electromechanical motor. In an emergency, e.g. B. in the event of a power failure, the door closes via the additional locking unit.

Claims (25)

1. Door operator, in particular door closer, for automatically closing a door and opening the door with manual effort, preferably, predominantly or alone with manual effort, characterized in that an electric motor is provided for closing. 2. Door drive according to claim 1, characterized in that a control device, preferably electronic control device with a microprocessor is provided with the motor Control is connected. 3. Door drive according to claim 1 or 2, characterized records that a path detection and / or speed detection solution of the door or an output member of the motor, preferably with Im pulse counting is provided, e.g. B. an incremental encoder, in particular a Tachometer generator, preferably together with an output shaft of the motor menopause. 4. Door drive according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the motor is designed or switched is that when the door is opened manually, preferably with the formwork removed motor does not form a substantial opening resistance. 5. Door drive according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized that the motor when opening as a servo motor is switchable, preferably depending on the heavy or light goose door and / or opening speed.   6. Door drive according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that a brake to dampen the opening Movement is provided, is preferably switchable, preferably at Reaching a predetermined maximum opening speed or before or when a certain end position of the door is reached, the Brake interacts with the door or with the motor or the motor acts or is designed as a brake. 7. Door drive according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that a brake or a stopper is provided is effective in or shortly before the door reaches an end position or is connectable, the brake or the stopper with the door or with the motor interacts or the motor acts as a brake or as a stop acts or is trained. 8. Door drive according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that a locking device for detection the door is provided in an open position, which is preferably via a predetermined hold-open time is effective, the locking device interacts with the door or with the motor or the motor as Locking device acts or is designed. 9. Door drive according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that a locking device for detection the door in a closed position or a reset device for resetting the door is provided, which preferably takes into account a working on the door attacking wind pressure, the Feststell device or the reset device with the door or with the motor cooperates or the engine as a locking device or Rückstellvor direction acts or is trained.   10. Door drive according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that a brake or a stop device to brake or stop the door when closing when the door is open an obstacle hits, is provided, the brake or the stop device interacts with the door or with the motor or the mo Tor acts or is designed as a brake or stop device. 11. Door drive according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that a reversing device for reversing Ren the door in the opening direction or an unlocking device to unlock switching the door or switching off the engine is provided if the Door closes an obstacle when closing, preferably an opening direction of the door moving or impacting obstacle, e.g. B. on a person, the reversing device or the free switching device cooperates with the door or the motor or the Motor acts or is designed as a reversing device. 12. Door drive according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the motor as a pure closing motor is formed that the door only for closing, d. H. in lock device drives, preferably depending on its performance or size is true. 13. Door drive according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that when opening and / or closing be opened electrical generator is provided, the generator interacts with the door or with the engine or the engine as genes rator acts or is trained. 14. Door drive according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized that the motor as an electromechanical motor, preferably electromechanical rotary motor, in particular gear bemotor is trained.   15. Door drive according to claim 14, characterized in that the engine has an engine output shaft, which has a deflection drives, preferably bevel-helical gear with the output shaft of the An drive is connected. 16. Door drive according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the output shaft of the drive via a power transmission linkage or can be coupled directly to the door. 17. Door drive according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that a working medium, preferably liquid or gaseous is provided, which can be acted upon by the engine. 18. Door drive according to claim 17, characterized in that a circuit is provided for the working medium. 19. Door operator according to claim 17 or 18, characterized records that the flow rate and / or the damper tion of the working medium or the circuit via valve or the like is adjustable. 20. Door drive according to claim 19, characterized in that the valve is preferably electrically controllable, especially per grammable. 21. Door drive according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that a piston-cylinder system is provided is, wherein a working medium is arranged in the cylinder, which of an engine unit can be acted upon. 22. Door drive according to claim 21, characterized in that the working medium is a gas, e.g. B. is air, which is via a blower or a pump can be charged.   23. Door operator according to claim 21 or 22, characterized records that the working medium has a circuit before preferably liquid or gas circuit. 24. Door drive according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized that in addition to automatic closing the electric motor an energy store, for. B. electrical or mechanical shear energy storage is provided, which via a trigger device is switchable, it being preferably provided that the energy accumulator is designed as a preloaded closing spring or an electric battery. 25. A method for controlling a door drive with an electric motor, preferably with a door drive according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that
that the electric motor is switched off when the door is opened or is switched as a servo in the opening direction to assist driving or is switched to act as a brake or damper and
that the electric motor is switched to driving when the door is closed in the closing direction.