DE1800588A1 - Oscillator driven by at least one unbalance exciter - Google Patents

Description

R. 92.36 Go / Sf
September 24, 1968

Annex to the patent and
Usage pattern auxiliary registration

R 0 BERT BOSCH GMHI, Stuttgart W, Breitscheidstrasse 4

Oscillator driven by at least one unbalance exciter

The invention relates to a driven by at least one unbalance exciter Vibrator, in particular vibrating conveyor or vibrating screen, its useful weight by means of counteracting preloaded springs, in particular with progressive or degressive characteristic curve, with one formed at least partially by the drive motor Free mass is coupled, and in which the bias of the against each other acting springs clamped between two spring bearings by changing the spring bearing spacing is adjustable.

In the case of a known oscillator of this type, the counteracting of which

009824/0479

Robert Bosch GmbH J | R. 9236 Go / Sf

Stuttgart -

tensioned springs have progressive or degressive characteristics and where the distance the spring bearing for adjusting the preload and thus the amplitude can be set during operation, are the unbalance motor and spring bearings attached to the useful weight, and is the clearance «? between the against each other acting springs clamped (DAS 1 171 815). It is also from this publication known to use the unbalance motor as the free mass =

The subject of another known proposal is a transducer of the above named genus, with two counter-rotating imbalance exciters, in which the Free mass by means of springs acting against one another with the same progressive or degressive characteristic is coupled with the useful mass and in which the spring constant and so the oscillation amplitude can be set and adjusted during operation by changing the distance between the spring bearings of the springs acting against one another.

The free space consists of two adjustable by means of a threaded bolt Distance parallel to each other guided plates and the two unbalance exciters, which are attached to the surface of a plate facing away from the springs.

The opposing springs are two pairs of springs with their outer Ends each on a plate and with their inner ends each on one of the Useful mass releasably attached between the two oscillating plates and the pairs of springs arranged housing base.

For setting and adjusting the spring bearing spacing, i. H. the distance between the oscillating plates, is used, connected to a handwheel and screwed onto the threaded bolt Spindle nut, the face of which is on the one carrying the unbalance exciter Vibration plate is applied.

The invention is based on the object of a vibrator, in particular one To create vibratory conveyor or a vibrating screen, in which the drive and Adjusting device is designed as a structural unit, easily attached to the utility device is attachable, has a compact, low construction and also with vibratory conveyors usual inclination with respect to the horizontal is not top-heavy. .

009824/0479

. Robert Bosch GmbH η R. 92j6 Go / Sf

Stuttgart J.

According to the invention, this object is achieved in that the clearance measurement consists of two parallel to each other by means of at least one threaded bolt at an adjustable distance guided oscillating plates and at least one unbalance exciter attached to one of these oscillating plates consists in that at least one pair act against one another Springs with their outer ends each on one of the two spring bearings forming two oscillating plates and with their inner ends each on one with the useful weight releasably connected, arranged between the oscillating plates rest on the housing base, and that the center of gravity of the free mass at least almost in the central plane is arranged between the counteracting springs.

Embodiments of the subject matter of the invention are shown in the drawing and described in more detail below. Show it

Fig. 1 shows a vibrator with an unbalance exciter in side view, partially on average,

Fig. 2 is a section along line H-II in Fig. 1,

5 shows a vibrator with two unbalanced mass exciters in a side view, partially on average,

4 shows a section along line IV-IV in FIG.

5 shows a second embodiment of an oscillator with two unbalance exciters in side view, partly in section,

Fig. 6 gear transmission for synchronizing the two clockwork exciters of the Schwingers in side view.

A housing 1 with a rectangular, flat bottom 2 and perpendicular side walls 5 ', which are reinforced at the free ends by a flange-like projection k , is fastened via these projections by means of screws 5 to a rigid frame section 6 of a vibratory conveyor.

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Robert Bosch GmbH -R ₄ 9236 Go / Sf

Stuttgart

On both sides of the housing base 2 are two at an adjustable distance from the housing base rectangular oscillating plates 7 * 8 arranged parallel to each other and by means of two Threaded bolt 9 and two nuts 10 connected to one another.

The two threaded bolts 9 each have a cylindrical central section guided in a corresponding bore of the housing bottom 2, with her to the vibratory conveyor facing end in the vibrating plate 7 adjacent to the vibrating conveyor attached and with its other end in bores through the other, the vibratory conveyor facing away vibrating plate 8 passed through.

On both sides of the housing base 2 lying at the same eight coil springs 11 which act against each other in pairs and between the two oscillating plates ¹ J, are clamped. 8 The springs only have 2 to 5 active turns.

By means of the nuts 10 screwed onto the threaded bolts 9, the distance is the Oscillating plates 7 * 8 from each other and thus also the bias of each other acting pairs of springs 11 adjustable. The nuts 10 can by not shown Lock nuts secured against unintentional screwing onto the threaded bolt 9 will.

On the surface facing the GehMuaeboden 2 facing away from the vibratory conveyor Oscillating plate 8 is an unbalance exciter 12 with a base plate in the middle of the plate attached, the axis of which is parallel to the oscillating plate 8 and perpendicular to the longer one Side of the rectangular oscillating plate 8 is directed.

In the area of the unbalance exciter 12, the housing base S has a recess 13 through which the unbalance exciter protrudes, and the vibrating plate 7 adjacent to the vibratory conveyor has a recess 14 into which the unbalance exciter 12 projects.

A cover 15 screwed onto the housing covers those arranged outside the housing 1 Parts, the swing plate 8 and the ends of the bolts 9, including nuts 10.

The two Sohwlngplatten 7,8, the Uhwuohterreger 12 and the two bolts 9 together

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Robert Bosch GmbH R. 9236 Go / Sf

Stuttgart

Nuts 10 now form a pre! Mass, which by means of springs acting against one another 11 coupled to the useful weight, which also includes the housing 1 and cover 15 is.

The free space is dimensioned so that its center of gravity is in the center plane of each other acting spring pairs 11 lies. This increases the overall height of the housing Lid very low. ·.

The oscillator is operated in the subcritical area of the resonance curve. there is the vote

Here fa means the drive frequency and f e the natural frequency.

Since the amplitude is a function of the vote and the vote is a function of the quotient from drive frequency and excitation frequency 1st, the amplitude and thus the Conveying speed both by setting or reducing the drive frequency as well as the natural frequency can be set and changed.

The second option is used to tune the transducer before commissioning Use. Furthermore, since the natural frequency of the vibration system is a function of the spring stiffness of the coupling springs, the required natural frequency becomes adjusted by using coupling springs with the required spring characteristic and changed.

By using several coupling springs connected in parallel with the same length and Spring code can easily be added to the spring code of the spring system or removing pairs of springs can be set and changed. For a rough adjustment, the number of springs acting against one another is chosen so that they is proportional to the Ereatz mass of the oscillation system.

Coupling springs with a non-linear characteristic offer the possibility of fine-tuning ' Tuning by changing the spring preload * d. H. of the Abatandes of the swinging plates

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Robert Bosch GmbH for% R. 9256 Go / Sf.

Stuttgart ^V

from each other. This coordination is also possible during operation if the Nuts can be screwed onto the threaded bolt during the oscillation process, for example by means of keys or handwheels attached to the nuts or a variable speed motor ».

However, the coordination in the company becomes easier with the help of the first option, changing the excitation frequency of the vibratory drive, because small changes in the drive speed of the unhealthy exciter are sufficient to reduce the amplitude and thus to change the conveying speed from zero to the maximum. Control transformers are used to change the drive speed of the unbalance exciter

»Or thyristors used.

Due to the resonance operation and the coupling of the free masses with the useful mass by means of Coupling springs acting against one another can advantageously be achieved with an unbalance exciter instead of circular vibrations produce such vibrations, whose Shape is a slender ellipse, with the major axis of the ellipse in the working direction, d. H. perpendicular to the case back.

By using eight pairs of springs connected in parallel as coupling springs becomes the distance between the vibrating plates and therefore the overall height of the housing and lid smaller than if only one or two pairs of springs with a correspondingly large one Spring code and large length can be used.

W The service life of the coupling springs is increased due to the higher fatigue strength of screw springs with a smaller wire diameter. By using coupling springs with few active coils, the work capacity and thus the spring deflection of the springs is limited. This has the advantage that the vibratory bowl feeder is less sensitive to stress, and that? when starting up or when the transducer is subjected to greater stress, an undesired transition into the supercritical range and thus a decrease in the swing width to zero is prevented.

The load independence can be increased even further by using screw springs, whose slope from turn to turn is not constant, but progressive.

009824/0479

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Robert Bosch GmbH 3- ^R ' ^{9256 G} ° / ^ ^f

. Stuttgart

With such coupling springs, the oscillator can be more advantageous in the subcritical area Way to be operated very close to the resonance.

FIGS. 3 and 4 show an oscillator which is driven by two unbalanced mass exciters 16 driven synchronously but in opposite directions. The axes 17 of the unbalance exciter are arranged parallel to each other, so that the generated vibrations are perpendicular to the plane formed by the two unbalance axes - directed.

The two unbalance exciters 16 are fastened to a partition 18 with base plates pointing towards one another. This partition is directed perpendicular to two parallel fic.hwing plates 19, 20, it is attached to the oscillating plate 19 adjacent to the oscillating device Λ by welding and divides this oscillating plate into two halves.

The partition 18 is stiffened by two triangular flat ribs 21, which directed perpendicular to the partition 18 and to the oscillating plate 19 and welded to the partition 18 and the oscillating plate 19. The distance between the two Ribs 21 from each other is slightly smaller than the width of the oscillating plate 19

The further structure of the oscillator is similar to that of the oscillator according to FIGS. 1 and 2.

A housing 22 with a rectangular flat bottom 23 and side walls 2k perpendicular thereto is at the free ends of the side walls by a flange-like projection 2? ^ Reinforced and fastened via the projections by means of screw caps 26 to a rigid frame section 27 of a vibratory conveyor.

The bottom 23 of the housing 22 has one in the area of the two unbalanced mass exciters 16 corresponding recess 28.

Two threaded bolts 29 are guided in two bores in the housing bottom 23, with one end in each case in the vibrating plate 1 ° adjacent to the vibrating conveyor attached and with the other end through holes in the second oscillating plate 20 passed through.

009824/0479

Robert Bosch GmbH β R. 9236 Go / Sf

Stuttgart

However, this second oscillating plate 20 has - in contrast to that according to the figures 1 and 2 - in the middle section a bulge in which the two unbalanced masses 16 seats.

On both sides of the ßehäuneboden 2j5 je-PH coil springs ^ JO, which between the two vibrating plates 19 * 20 are clamped and work in pairs against each other.

The distance between the two oscillating plates 19.20 from one another is determined by means of two nuts 31, and therefore the preload of the pairs of springs 30, adjustable.

A cover 32 fastened to the housing 22, the side walls of which are flush with those of the housing, covers the parts located outside the housing, the bulged oscillating plate 20 and the ends of the threaded bolt 29 including nuts 31.

The two oscillating plates 19, 20, the two unbalance exciters 16 and the two threaded bolts 29 together with the nuts Jl now form a free space again, which by means of counteracting springs 30 with the useful weight, to which the housing. "" 2 including cover 32 counts, is connected. The center of gravity of the free space is in the middle plane of the counter-acting helical springs .50 arranged.

The transducer is intended for greater vibration power. The fixing of the imbalance exciter 16 to the partition lfi provides the advantage ^dal: 6 Aohsabstnnri the two unbalance exciter is very small.

The drive of the oscillator and the construction of the coupling springs are similar as with the oscillator according to FIGS. 1 and 2.

The oscillator shown in FIG. 5 differs from that according to FIGS. 3 and H essentially as follows:

The mutually parallel axes 33 of the two nuisance exciters Vl are not perpendicular, but parallel to the longer side of the rectangular iVhwingplatten 55, M ^ arranged.

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Robert Bosch GmbH Λ R. 9236 Go / Sf

Stuttgart J3

The two unbalance exciters 34 are with their base plates directly on the Vibratory conveyor adjacent vibrating plate 35 attached.

The two oscillating plates arranged on both sides of the bottom 37 of the housing 38 35 * 36 are only connected to one another by means of a threaded bolt 39 and a nut 40 tied together. The threaded bolt 39 is therefore at the intersection of the two diagonals of the oscillating plate 35 * d. H. arranged in the middle.

The vibrating plate 36 facing away from the vibrating conveyor is by means of a conical Countersink 4l on the bore 42 for the threaded bolt 39 and a corresponding one conical face of the nut 40 free of play centrically on the threaded bolt guided. Instead of the conical countersink and the conical front face J side can also have a spherical countersink and a spherical nut face be used.

This guide has the advantage that there is a tight fit between threaded bolts and cylindrical bore 42 can be dispensed with and that despite wear of the contact surfaces of nut 40 and vibrating plate 36 as a result of the great forces of counteracting springs 43 and the vibrations the exact central guidance is maintained. This results in displacements of the oscillating plates 35> 36 avoided against each other. If the countersink 41 is recessed, so will the length of the bolt is very small.

By arranging the unbalance axes 33 parallel to the longitudinal side of the oscillating plates 35 * 36 unwanted tilting vibrations of the rectangular vibrating plates in their f Longitudinal direction due to the gyroscopic effect of the rotating masses of the unbalance exciter 34 can be avoided.

The gyroscopic effect can be enhanced by flywheels, not shown with a central focus, which is attached to the shafts of the unbalance exciter 34 are. With common imbalance exciters, each of which has an imbalance mass attached to the If the shaft ends are attached, a flywheel is placed next to the unbalance mass arranged.

When using two unbalance exciters, it is common to synchronize two

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Robert Bosch GmbH / 10 R. 92 ^ 6 Go / Sf

Stuttgart

to use intermeshing · same gears, each at one end of the are attached to both parallel unbalance axes. Here, the pitch circle diameter of each gear is equal to the center distance of the two unbalance axes .

With normal, d. H. commercially available unbalance exciters is due to the housing protruding cracks or base plate the center distance and therefore the diameter of the Gear wheels relatively large, so that recesses are required on the housing base are and also the housing including the cover is relatively high.

Pig. 6 shows an arrangement in which two intermediate gears 46 are inserted between the two gears 45 attached to the axes of the unbalance exciter 44, which are the same size as the two gear wheels 45 attached to the unbalance axles. This makes the pitch circle diameter of each of the four gears only 1/3 of the Center distance a of the two unbalance exciters 44, d. H. 1 / ji of the diameter that results from using only two gears. The direction of rotation of the two unbalance exciters 44 is not changed by the interposition of the two intermediate gears 46.

The insertion of intermediate gears makes recesses on the oscillating plate 47 unnecessary and results in a space-saving design.

L · The two intermediate gear wheels 46 are mounted on a bearing plate 48 which is either attached to the two unbalance exciters 44 or to the oscillating plate 47 carrying the unbalance exciters 44. To set the correct backlash, the bearing plate has elongated holes 49

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Claims (1)

Robert Bosch GmbH .- _Λ H. 92J56 Go / Sf Stuttgart ^ M Expectations; 1. Oscillator driven by at least one unbalance exciter, in particular Vibrating conveyor or vibrating screen, the useful weight of which by means of pretensioned springs that act against one another, in particular with progressive or degressive springs Characteristic curve, with an at least partially formed by the drive motor Free measurement is coupled, and in which the bias of the counteracting, springs clamped between two spring bearings by changing the spring bearing two, stand is adjustable, characterized in that the free mass from'TnT'ttels at least one threaded bolt (QjPO; ^J 9.) at an adjustable distance parallel to each other guided Öohv / ingplatten (7> ^ J 1 ^Γ) »20; 35» 3ο ^: ') and at least one would run on one of the swinging plates. means that at least one pair of springs (11; * 50;) working against each other with their outer end feet each on one that forms the two spring bearings-irn: ^r .wei .vihwing plates and with their inner ends each on one with doj *: lul -πϊμρπρ l ^; -r.bar / erbunHenrn, between the Sohwinp plates arranged {"!"'uäuoolV'den(?; 2 ⁷ ', VJ) , and that the center of gravity of the free mass is at least almost in the middle between the opposing springs. 2. Oscillator according to claim 1, characterized in that at least: π <"in, with a clearing plate on one of the two oscillating plates (7. ^; l ⁿ ,? 0; V ~ i, *> 6) attached« ·! ' Unwijchterreger (l?; L6;>'!) With its housing «* In the r, wis ^ henraum r.wisohen the oscillating plates protrudes, and that the housing base (Γ; ί ^ν ''>; ^Λ 7)" Ine dem QuerPchni ι * f] e. ^c ; UnWunht ^ rregergehaurs ^ s corresponding recess (1?;. '' ^) has. g J. Oscillator according to claims 1 or P, characterized in that imbalance exciters (Ib; Vf) of the same power and number of IYeU are used in the drive zv / ei counterbalance drives (Ib; Vf), the axes of which are arranged parallel to one another and dv.! the vibrating plate (P0; 36) opposite the unbalanced pathogens in the area of the unbalanced pathogens is oozed outwards. H. Oscillator according to claim 3 »characterized in that" in order to avoid tilting movements of the free mass, the axes of the unbalance exciters (lP; lb; i4) parallel to the longer side of the essentially rectangular Sr-hwlngplaf (7, RjI ", 20; ^, 3O ¹ ) are arranged. 01) 0824/0479 - ¹² - Hohert Bo.-sah GmbH y * 0 H. 92 5f "> Go / Sf Stuttgart '* 5. vibrator according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that on the waves of the Imbalance exciter (12; 16; 34), preferably close to the imbalances, flywheels arranged whose masses are about the same as those of the unbalances. 6. Vibrator according to one of claims 3 to 5 > characterized in that the two oppositely driven unbalance exciters (44 ) are synchronized by means of gears and that between the two drive gears (45) attached to the unbalance shafts, two intermediate gears (46) are inserted, which are stored in a bearing plate (48), the two unbalance exciters W connects or is attached to the swing plate (47) carrying the unbalance exciter. 7. vibrator according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that for Backlash-free holding of the two oscillating plates (35,3 ^) at an adjustable distance from each other on a threaded section of the bolt (39) at least one nut (4O) is screwed on with a conical or spherical end face, - which on a corresponding, preferably recessed surface of the oscillating plate (36) is applied. B. vibrator according to one of claims 1 to "J, characterized in that a larger number, preferably 4 to 40, oppositely acting pairs of springs same _ (ll; 3O "43) in mirror image symmetry on either side of at least one unbalance exciter ™ (1Ρ; 16; 3'Ο between the parallel swing plates (7,8; 19-20; Vj .'H ¹ ) are arranged, and that the spring stiffness of a spring is relatively small. 9 · oscillator according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that for Coordinate, preferably coarse tuning, the useful and free mass, the number of opposing pairs of springs (11; 3O; 43) is chosen so that it is proportional to the equivalent mass of the oscillating system. 10. Oscillator according to one of claims 1 to 9> characterized by there? nn tuning, preferably fine tuning the bias of each other acting springs (11; 3O; 43) is adjustable, preferably during loading • drive, by changing the spacing of the planes (7.8; 19 »20j35,36) from-. -13 - 0üy824 / 0479 "~~~~~ , - BAD ORlOIMAL Robert Bosch GmbH ΊJ R. 92 ^ 6 Go / Sf Stuttgart each other by means of at least one nut screwed onto each threaded bolt (9j29; 39) 11. Vibrator according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the Counter-acting springs Helical springs (lli | 3Ö; 4>) with a short overall length and a few, preferably 2 to 5 »effective turns. 12. Oscillator according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the pitch of the helical springs (II; "50; 43) increases from turn to turn by a constant amount, preferably by about 15 % of the thickness of the spring wire. ^ 1>. Oscillator according to claim 12, characterized in that the slope of the Helical springs (llj30; 4-3) increases from one end to the other end of the spring . 14. Schwinger after. Claim 12, characterized in that the pitch of the helical springs (llj30; 43) increases from both ends to the middle of the spring. 15. Oscillator according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the counteracting pairs of springs (II; 3O »- ^ 3) by means of centering projections on the oscillating plates (7,8jl9,2O; 35,36) and on the housing base (2; 2j5; 37) are held immovably between the oscillating plates. Ä 009824/0479 ' B ORIGINAL