DE1762499B1 - Pulse generator - Google Patents

Description

1 2

The present invention relates to a pulse dark phase in the periodically interrupted generator, consisting of a flip-flop and a drive of incandescent lamps can be used as the measuring phase Display part for the periodically interrupted operation can. During this time there is a measuring current that is essentially several Consumers connected in parallel, especially borrowed less than the operating current, through the Verdere of incandescent lamps, in which a resistor is directed upstream of the consumer. The measuring current generated at the is seen, in the breaks in operation between the consumers, a voltage drop that occurs when the Consumers and the supply voltage source so consumers is dimensioned so that it is not switched in any way is that during breaks in operation there is a change in the functional sequence of the pulse generator the consumer a measuring current flows, which causes less than or further circuit parts, while the operating current is and a switch of the display io in the event of failure of consumers by the against the is partially supplied, the switch in the normal operating mode changed voltage drop to the pause the functional sequence of the circuit in the event of failure of one or more consumers by what occurs at the switch, compared to which is changed in such a way that the observer of on-normal operation in the case of intact consumers, changed pointing units that indicate the change in the functional potential preferably reproduce its switching state compared to the expiry at 15, immediately changes the clocked consumers. case of consumer units and for their

Lately, multiple transistorized renovations have been taken care of. When installing the invention circuits for flashing systems in automobiles, pulse generators in automobiles designed as flashing, compared to the conventional relay and possibly as a hazard warning system can the flashing systems have the advantage of lower susceptibility to failure 20 many times over from an intact direction indicator and constant light and dark phases due to the vehicle-dependent traffic safety point. It is the object of the present invention to provide continuous functional control according to the invention a particularly advantageous circuit for an IM consumer can be significantly increased, specify pulse generator, which is preferably a battery- The structure of the pulse generator according to the invention Flasher or as a hazard warning system in 35 rators, its mode of action and other essentials Vehicles of all kinds can be used. Features of the present invention are intended in

There is already an astable multivibrator for the other on the basis of the circuit according to FIG. 2 closer

periodically interrupted operation of incandescent lamps are explained.

known. In this known circuit Die F i g. 1 essentially serves to explain

a resistor is provided via which the function of the flip-flop stage is altered. The in

consumers are preheated in the dark phases. display part used in this circuit is not

This preheating current also determines the component of the present invention,

a voltage divider to the base electrode of a The circuit in FIG. 1 consists of two

Switch given potential. If a consumer shares, the flip-flop 1 and the display part 2. At

fails, in the known circuit that changes that of the circuit according to FIG. 1 it is provided that

Potential at the base of the control transistor such as the connection between the resistor R ₀ and

that over the control lamp only a weak one to the consumers to the emitter electrode

Current flows that is not sufficient to connect the lamp to transistor T ₃ , the base of which is over

To bring shine. one with the poles of the supply voltage source

The known circuit has the disadvantage that 4 ° connected voltage divider R ₃ , R ^ in such a way

If the control lamp fails, it is not clear whether it is anticipated that the transistor T _{3 will} through

a consumer or the control lamp itself destroys the intact consumer certain emitter potential

is disturbing. To avoid these disadvantages, the tial remains conductive or blocked, while the

a pulse generator of the failure of consumers described above due to the rising

Art proposed according to the invention that a span 45 emitter potential in the breaks in its switching

voltage divider (Ji ₁ , R ₂ ) is provided, the middle state of which changes. In the collector supply line of the

connection in the event of failure of consumers with the aid of transistor T ₃ is the respective switching state

of the switch is switched to the component indicating the transistor during breaks in operation,

4 which determine the operating times and breaks in operation, which preferably consists of a light bulb L ₅ .

Capacitor (C) of the flip-flop (1) is connected, 50 This light bulb lights up when the trans-

that the charging voltage of the capacitor compared to sistor T ₃ over the collector-emitter path current

the charging voltage with intact consumers in leads.

a measure resulting from the divider ratio. The flip-flop consists of two transistors T ₁

reduced and the pulse repetition frequency of the gene and T ₂ , for example from npn planar transistors.

rators is increased accordingly. 55 The emitters of these transistors are at ground potential

The circuit according to the invention represents an essential, while the collector of transistor T _{1 is} via a pulse generator, which always shows whether the collector resistance R ₆ and the collector of the connected consumer are intact or whether a transistor T ₂ via a relay winding R with the one or more consumers have failed and the positive pole (e.g. 12 volts) of the supply voltage must be renewed. The 60 voltage source according to the invention are connected. Furthermore, the collector control principle can always be applied, the transistor T ₁ directly to the base of the Tranwenn the connected consumers in the intact transistor T ₂ , while between the base and destroyed state different resistance values of the transistor T ₁ and the collector of the Tranwerte exhibit. This applies in particular to incandescent lamps, sistor T _2, the base series resistor R ₇ , the condenser resistance value when the incandescent filament breaks 65, sator C and the resistor, R _{1 are} connected; becomes infinitely large. During the development of the inven- tive components that determine the duration of the breaks in operation according to the pulse generator, one went from the to determine. At the connection between the knowledge that the breaks in operation or the resistor R ₁ and the capacitor C is a

During the dark phase, a measuring current flows through the resistor R ₀ and the connected loads, which causes a defined voltage drop at the loads. The size of this voltage drop depends on the value of the resistor R _0. This voltage drop is now fed directly to the emitter electrode of the transistor T ₃ in the display part 2. _{An incandescent lamp L 5 is} connected in the collector lead of this transistor. T ₃ is

Voltage divider from Rt and A ₀ connected, the resistor R _{0 being} connected to the positive pole of the supply voltage source. The center connection between Rt and R ₀ is connected directly to the switch S _L , with the aid of which the consumers are connected to the pulse generator.

The circuit works as follows: When the switch Sl is in the M position, that is, when none

Load connected to the pulse generator, for example, also an npn planar transistor. are flowing through the resistors R _0, R t, R ₇ a The base of transistor T ₃ has a by the base current to the transistor T. ₁ As a result, the voltage divider R ₃ , i? ₄ conditional potential, the transistor T ₁ conductive, and its collector potential is chosen so that the transistor sinks at a through to the collector saturation voltage, the intact consumer-related emitter potential is lower than the base forward voltage of the tran- 15 the Dark phase is conductive. In this way the sistor is T ₂ . The transistor T ₂ remains blocked. The transistor T ₃ in the operating times or in the healing capacitor C charges itself approximately to the value of the phases always blocked and in the breaks in operation or supply voltage, the positive in the dark phases always conducting, so that the lamp potential on the connected to the resistor R ₁ L ₈ sets with the pulse repetition frequency of the generator ansenen plate. That on the other condenser ao and goes out. But if one of the loads L ₁ satorplatte occurring potential is very small, or L ₂ fails, the potential at the emitter of the resistor Rt increases both against R ₀ and against the electrode of the transistor T ₃ . The base potential R _{1 has a} very high resistance. The resistance Rt of the transistor T ₃ is chosen so that, for example, with a 27 kilohm, R ₁ = 2.2 kilohm and due to failed consumers, A ₀ = 30 ohms. When the switch Sl α in the STEL 25 genes emitter potential of the transistor T ₃ of this Tranlung or is switched b, that is, when locked to the sistor in the operational pauses remains. If, for example, two consumers L ₁ and L ₂ or L ₃ and L _{4 are} connected in parallel, the pulse generator drops, since the lamps are very low-resistance, almost the entire supply voltage on the 30th
Resistance R ₀ from, so that the potential at the connection between R ₀ and Rt almost around the value
the supply voltage jumps. This will
the transistor T ₁ blocked and the transistor T ₂
however, due to the increasing collector potential of T ₁ 35, it becomes conductive between the display part and the pulse. A high collector flows through the relay R , a voltage divider R ₁ , R _t switched, with gate current that closes the switch Sr. Thus, the middle connection of the voltage divider is bridged when the resistor A _{0 is switched off} , and the lamella of consumers with the help of the switch such pen L ₁ and L ₂ are connected directly to the supply voltage to the capacitor of the flip-flop and light up. Since the 40 is that the charging voltage of the capacitor transistor T _{2 is} conductive, the potential at the capacitor plate connected to the charging voltage with intact consumption of the resistor U _1, which is connected to the resistor U 1, drops to the residual voltage of the transistor. because
but on capacitor C the voltage does not jump
can, the other capacitor plate takes the negative 45
tive value of the charging voltage and keeps the transistor T ₁ locked. The capacitor then charges
with the time constant r ~ C · Rt of this negative
Voltage across the discharged state to positive

Voltage values. At a certain positive 50 emitter electrodes at both voltages, for example at 0.7 volts, the transistor T ₄ receives transistor T ₁ again conductive, and transistor T ₂ blocks,
the relay drops out and the light phase is over.
During the now subsequent dark phase
A charge reversal current flows through the capacitor C to the base of the positive pole of the supply voltage source T ₁ , which binds the conductive connection. The collector of the transistor T ₃ is standing with this transistor until it is maintained
the recharging current has decreased to a value,
in which the transistor T ₁ blocks again and the
next light phase is initiated. When the tran- 60 transistor T _{2 of} the flip-flop is connected. The transistor T _{1 is} conductive at the beginning of the dark phase, the center connection of the voltage divider U ₁ , R ₂ is with

connected to the capacitor of the flip-flop. The resistance R _{1 of} the voltage divider is, for example, identical to that in FIG. 1 shown resistor with the same designation.

The base of the transistor T ₄ is supplied via the voltage divider R ₃ , R _t a base potential which is selected so that the transistor T ₄ through

Lamp L ₅ thus remains permanently dark and thus shows in a particularly conspicuous manner the failure of one or more consumers.

In FIG. 2 shows a circuit which in turn consists of a flip-flop 1 and a display part 2 consists of the structure and mode of operation of the flip-flop are with the in the F i g. 1 is identical to the circuit described. In the circuit according to FIG. 2

brazen in a result from the divisional ratio Dimension is reduced and the pulse repetition frequency of the generator is increased accordingly.

The switch after the circuit of FIG. 2 preferably consists of two transistors T ₉ and T _{4 of the} same polarity, for example from npn planar transistors. The potential dropping at the consumers is applied to the interconnected

Transistors transferred.

its base potential via a voltage divider R ₃ , R _t . The collector electrode of this transistor is connected to the base of the transistor T ₃ and via a collector resistor R _t to the

connected to one external terminal of the voltage divider R ₂ , R ₁ , the other external terminal of which is connected to the collector of the blocked during breaks in operation

the capacitor current jumps to the value

R ₁ + R ₁

where U _{0 is} the supply voltage. This current decays with the time constant r ~ (R _t + R ₁ ) -C to the value zero.

Intact consumer-related emitter potential is conductive in the operating breaks or dark phases and the transistor T _{3 is} consequently blocked. In this case, those in the description of FIGS. 1 mentioned time constants. If the emitter potential of the transistors T ₃ and T ₁ rises due to the failure of one or more loads, the transistor T ₁ blocks with a correspondingly dimensioned voltage divider R ₃ , R ₁ , and the transistor T ₃ becomes conductive. As a result, the voltage divider R ₂ , Ri is applied to the emitter potential of the transistor T ₃ , which is increased by the transistor residual voltage. In this case, the capacitor C only charges to the maximum voltage

R ₁ + R ₂

on. The maximum capacitor charge current occurring in the dark phases is reduced to the value

R ₁ R ₂ + R ₂ Ri + R ₁ Ri and this current falls with the time constant

R ₁ R ₂

25th

R ₇

R ₁ +

to the value zero. If the voltage divider R ₁ , R ₂ is dimensioned so that the maximum charge reversal current and the maximum charge voltage of the capacitor is reduced by half compared to operation with intact consumers, the pulse repetition frequency of the generator doubles as the duration of the operating breaks and operating times compared to the Operation with intact consumers is reduced to around half. The control lamp Lk, which connects the switching contacts A and B of the switch Sl with one another, will therefore go on and off at twice the rate of failure in the event of a consumer failure; an obvious and unmistakable sign of the failure of a consumer. The pulse repetition frequency of the generator can, of course, also be changed in any other way by appropriate dimensioning of the voltage regulator R ₁ , R _{2 if consumers fail.}

For the construction of the circuit according to the invention according to FIG. 2 in one embodiment For example, components with approximately the following values are selected:

R ₁ = 1.5 kiloohms,

R ₂ = 2.2 kilohms,

R ₃ = 15 kiloohms,

i? ₄ - 2.4 kiloohms,

R ₅ = 13 kiloohms,

R ₆ = 4.3 kiloohms,

Ri - 2.2 kiloohms,

R ₀ = 30 ohms,

C = 15 μ, Έ 15 volts,

U ₀ = 12 volts,

4 consumers each 12 volts, 18 watts.

In addition to the capacitor, the consumers and incandescent lamps, the relay and the resistor R ₀ , all components of the multivibrator and the display divider can be built as an integrated circuit using thick-film or thin-film technology, or in one

55

60 common semiconductor body accommodate. Of course, the pulse generator according to the invention can also be constructed with pnp transistors if the polarity of the supply voltage source is changed accordingly. To operate the flasher circuit as a hazard warning flasher, contacts A and B are short-circuited at switch Sz, so that all four consumers are switched on and off at the same time.

Claims (10)

Patent claims: 1. Pulse generator, consisting of a flip-flop and a display part for the periodically interrupted operation of several consumers connected in parallel, in particular incandescent lamps, in which a resistor is provided which is connected in the breaks between the consumer and the supply voltage source so that during the breaks in operation the consumer a measuring current flows, which is smaller than the operating current and is fed to a switch of the display part, the switch in the ^ operational breaks in the failure of one or more ^ consumers due to the change in potential at the switch compared to normal operation with intact consumers compared to that changes with intact consumers, characterized in that a voltage divider (R ₁ , R ₂ ) is provided, the center connection of which determines the operating times and breaks in operation with the aid of the switch in the operating pauses in the event of consumer failure The capacitor (C) of the flip-flop (1) is connected so that the charging voltage of the capacitor is reduced compared to the charging voltage in the case of intact consumers by an amount resulting from the divider ratio and the pulse repetition frequency of the generator is increased accordingly. 2. Pulse generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the switch consists of two transistors (T ₃ and T ₄ ) of the same polarity, the emitter electrodes of these transistors being connected to the connection between the loads ί and the resistor (R ₀ ) , that the collector electrode of one transistor (T ₃ ) is connected to the base of the other transistor (T ₄ ) and to the supply voltage source, that the collector electrode of the transistor (T ₄ ) is connected to one outer terminal of the voltage divider (R ₁ , R ₂ ) is, the other outer terminal of which is connected to the collector of the blocked transistor (T ₂ ) of the flip-flop, while the center terminal of the voltage divider (R ₁ , R ₂ ) is connected to the capacitor of the flip-flop. 3. Pulse generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the base of the transistor (T ₃ ) via a voltage divider (R ₃ , R ^) connected to the poles of the supply voltage source is supplied with a potential which is selected so that the transistor (T ₃ ) in the case of intact consumers, it is conductive _{during breaks and the transistor (T 4} ) is consequently blocked, while if consumers fail due to the increasing emitter potential, the transistor (T ₃ ) is blocked during breaks and the transistor (T ₄ ) is conductive, see above that the one external connection of the voltage plate (A ₁ , R ₂ ) ^au ^ the emitter potential of the transistors (T ₃ and T ₄ ) is placed. 4. Pulse generator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a relay winding is connected in the collector feed line of the transistor (T ₂ ) of the flip-flop which is locked in the operating breaks and conductive in the operating times and controls a switch that controls the resistor (R ₀ ) bridged during operating times so that the full supply voltage is applied to the consumers. 5. Pulse generator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the trigger stage has two transistors (T ₁ and T ₂ ) of the same polarity, that one or more resistors and the capacitor between the base of the transistor (T ₁ ) and the collector of the transistor (T ₂ ) are connected and that the collector electrode of the transistor (T ₁ ) is directly connected to the base of the transistor (T ₂ ) . ao 6. Pulse generator according to claim 5, characterized in that one of the resistors between the base of the transistor (T ₁ ) and the capacitor of the transistor (T ₂ ) from the resistor (R ₁ ) of the voltage divider (R ₁ , R ₂ ) is formed. 7. Pulse generator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in series with the resistor (R ₀ ) a (R ₀ ) high-resistance resistor (Rt) is connected and connected to the base electrode of the transistor (T ₁ ) so that the resistor (Rt) essentially determines the discharge time constant of the capacitor in the operating times. 8. Pulse generator according to claim 7, characterized in that from the consumers a connection to the connection between the resistors (R ₀ and Rt) leads that by switching on the pulse generator with the switch (S £) the resistor (R ₀ ) bridged and the consumers (L ₁ , L ₂ or L ₃ , X ₄ ) are brought to light up immediately. 9. Pulse generator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that all transistors are npn planar transistors. 10. Pulse generator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that all components with the exception of the capacitor, the relay, the resistor (R ₀ ) and the lightbulbs are integrated in a common semiconductor body. 1 sheet of drawings 009587/315