DE1601116A1 - Condenser - Google Patents

Description

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15542 -

SALINE WATER CONVERSION COJRPQRATIOIi, Oradell, N, J. / USA

"Condenser"

The invention relates to. the vapor condensation and you particularly relates to a new surface condenser assembly used in the recovery of fresh water from Dsjsspf can be.

Surface condensers are used extensively in connection with steam power plants to increase the volume and thus to depress the back pressure of the spent steam so that more energy can be extracted from the system.j The surface condensers are also used in evaporation-condensation systems used for the extraction of fresh water from salt water or otherwise contaminated solutions «,

The basic structure of Oberflächenkondensors comprises a sheath Odei · an outer elongated sheath which is closed at each end by means of a tube plate _o A variety of

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Condenser tubes extend through the interior of the envelope and runs through the tube sheets at each end thereof. A cooling liquid will pass through the condenser tubes left and serves to keep their surfaces at low temperatures. Water vapor or another Steam to be condensed is then admitted into the envelope. When he cools the surface of the condensate pipes touched, then it condenses on it in a liquid form and drips into a freshwater sowing trough, which is arranged below the drilling.

For maximum cooling, it is common to use the To enlarge the condenser tube surface as much as possible and this surface as strong as possible inside deg To distribute condenser β. Accordingly, a large number of condenser-boron tubes are used in the conventional condenser structures arranged inside the condenser. Typical known condensers are about 22 to 25 # of the area of the Tube plates occupied by the condenser tubes.

The large number of KondMisorrohrenj that in the known Condensers are used, are largely to blame for the fact that these devices = touer. Bind Farther construction problems arise from the use of a large number of condenser tubes, since only a very small

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Part of a plate at one end of the condenser remains to be a support for these.- condenser tubes create. As a result, special reinforcement structures have been proposed. This tragor at-er is also very strong isu at the cost of the condenser «. . ·

According to the invention there is provided a surface condenser assembly suggested the less complicated i3t and therefore under construction 7? more economical let than known condensers with a comparable capacity. Furthermore, such condensers do not give rise to the design and manufacture difficulties which are encountered in the known condenser arrangements «

According to the invention, a surface condenser unit is proposed within which a plurality of condenser tubes extend horizontally and are arranged in such a way that they are not located one below the other in the vertical direction, so that no condenser tube extends directly above another tube. By this arrangement, ά-ie dripping condensate. To form along a tube directly from dit-ser point away and avoids any further contact with the tubes ,, As a result, the condenser tubes are kept almost completely free film 'of a condensate and therefore result in a maximum of 7 / arm transition>

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According to the invention, only 2 "ils 5 $> of the drilling plate surface are taken up by the condenser tubes. Although this means a considerable reduction in the condensing surface, it has been found that such a reduction is due to the increased accessibility and the increased heat transfer per tube surface unit of the condenser, In the past, when steam had to be pushed through a tight bundle of condenser tubes, it was not possible to use every tube to its full capacity because of the incoming steam first touches the foremost pipe and is already condensed before it comes to the rear pipes. Furthermore, the rear pipes were only touched by the steam to be condensed after it had been pressed through the entire pipe bundle rear pipes are therefore only effective in the condensation of steam after the front pipes have been made less effective by the build-up of a condensate film.

According to the invention, relatively few condenser tubes are used _p so that the entering and sii condense

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the vapors are not forced past a pipe before they touch the pipe on which they are condensed. Instead of this they are condensed directly from the first pipe that Bie comes into contact with.

According to the invention, a summary of the new Condensation concept with a controlled bi-evaporator system proposed, whereby a construction for the extraction of fresh water from salt water or other verun «. purified solutions.

According to these features of the invention, channels for the controlled flash evaporation provided by the. the water to be evaporated from a higher to a lower one Pressure runs · In the area of lower pressures are condensers pipes and baffle assemblies as well as a hairdosing trough and an "undamped" collecting trough for the separation and distribution of the undevaporated solution and the recovery of fresh water provided. This arrangement offers itself for a multi-step process in an economically engineered one Unit on.

Particular embodiments of the invention are based on the attached drawings now explains in more detail.

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In the drawings show:

Pig. 1 a partial view in section of an evaporator system, which the new condenser device according to the invention embodied;

Figo 2 is a partially broken side view showing the Pig fresh water harvesting system. 1 explains;

Pig "3 a section according to a second embodiment" the invention explained;

4 shows a partially broken away perspective view of a base condenser arrangement according to the invention;

Pig. 5 a section showing a part of a 3 multi-stage Controlled BlitsverdampfersyetemB for the fresh water production explained using the new condenser according to the invention j

Pig. 6 is a partial side view of the Pig system. 5 J and Pig. Figure 7 is a section showing one stage of another prehistoric water extraction system represents according to the invention »

1 and 2 show a fresh water extraction unit 10. On the top of this unit, a reservoir for salt water 12 is provided, from which fresh water is to be extracted. The salt water 12 rests on an upper surface H which is formed by a plurality of elongate components 16. These elongated components are periodic by themselves

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downwardly extending channel parts 18 iint vomited. The channel parts 18 extend horizontally along the components 16 from the front to the rear of the unit 10, as explained in FIG. The condenser series 22 are of considerably greater width than the associated evaporator channels 20. They also extend, as shown in FIG. 2, from the front to the rear of the device.

Each condenser area 22 is waterproof with a Lining 24 is provided. A U-shaped separation element 26 is provided within the condenser regions 22, which extends from the front to the rear of the device.

Approximately halfway between the top of the TJ-shaped separator element 26 and the top of the condenser area 22 a canopy-like upper baffle 28 is provided, which extends over the separator elements 26 to prevent liquids dripping directly down into the U-shaped separator element fall.

Like in Pig. 1 shown in cross section is an upper group

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of condenser tubes 30a, 30b and 30c are provided within the condenser area 22. It's also another group of lower bond or tubes 31a »31b and 310 are provided, namely just below the upper group within the condenser area. The condenser tubes extend horizontally from the front to the rear of the device and are supported by a external source (not shown *> fed with a cooling liquid 32 It should be emphasized that the condenser tubes in of each group are arranged in the shape of a triangle, so that in one group no pipe is directly above another lies. This vertical disengagement of the 3 eyes serves to create a Prevent condensate from trickling from one pipe to another pipe in this group.

A Zwisohenablenkbleoh 34 is arranged between the two tube groups 30 and 31 to the condensate, which from the upper group drips, deflect from the pipes of the lower group.

The system described so far operates in the following manner: The salt water 12 located above the upper surface 14 is maintained at pressure and temperature conditions which correspond to saturation. _E Dk any increase in temperature or any reduction dee pressure an evaporation of the water 12 will cause. The salt water flows

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gradually through the evaporation channels 20 in the channel part 18 down to the condenser areas 22 "During this downward flow, the water experiences a gradual pressure drop," as a controlled blita evaporation results. With this controlled flash evaporation, part of the salt water evaporates, with heat being extracted from the non-evaporated part. »This vapor takes up a much larger volume and has a much lower inertia than the non-evaporated liquid. Accordingly, it is pushed down through the channel 20 at a high speed. This rapid movement of vapor is accompanied by a smooth pressure gradient along the hanais, resulting in gradual evaporation or controlled flash evaporation along the channel. This controlled blit! Evaporation is similar to that described in US Pat. No. 3,214,350. Both water and non-evaporated salt water emerged from the bottom of the channels 20 and Ia a Xondeneorbereioh the 22nd The non-evaporated liquid adheres to the waterproof lining 24 in the condenser area and thus largely follows the walls of the condenser area 22 and flows down to the salt water collecting trough 36 at the bottom of the condenser area 22. A premature drainage

of the non-vapor-th salt water is duäcch the upper baffle 28 is prevented from ü-shaped in the interior of the 4bscheiderelements 26 enter ₀

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The vapors "from that flowing in the channels 20 downwards." Salt water leak, fill a large part of the Interior of the condenser area 22 and move easily Spaces 38 between the upper baffle 28 and the top of the U-shaped separator element 26. These vapors enter the interior of the U-shaped separator element β 26 and come directly to the outer surface of the Condenser tubes 30a, JOb and 30c in connection. As shown in FIG. 2, the Zonden boron tubes extend in one horizontal direction. As can be seen from Fig. 1, they are not vertically aligned with each other, so that no probe. Boron tube lies directly over another drill hole. As a result of that a condensate that forms at any point falls directly from this point onto the intermediate abbeoh 34 and from there «around the bottom of the U-föraigan Separatoralemeate, where fresh water 40 is collected. Similarly, vapors that do not touch the upper pipes 30a, 30b and 30o run in a similar way under the intermediate baffle 34 and touch the lower tubes 31a, 31b and 31c, where they condense into a liquid and directly into the condensate lake at the bottom of the U-shaped element 2δ drip.

It should also be pointed out that the

that is taken up by the condenser tubes, just a few

Percent of the total volume of the condenser area

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This of course reduces the complexity and construction costs of the device. It should be pointed out, however, that this drastic reduction in the condenser surface increases the overall condensation capacity of the device. STTs other part has this increase in KondenBationsveraögena _y its basis in the fact that the Kondensorrohrt because they take only a few percent of the total Kondensorinnenraums, grosso trees between the condenser tubes allow what a free and uninterrupted flow of incoming vapors β without a merkliohen pressure drop through the tubes directly provided a condenser surface, whereupon part of the vapor is liquefied at a time. As a result, the entire condenser surface is used to the maximum.

Pig. 3 shows a different part of a Vordaapfer condenser arrangement. In the embodiment of FIG. 3, salt water is introduced into the bottom through an inlet pipe 50 into a rectangular housing 52, so that a body of liquid 54 made of salt water is created therein. The pressure and the temperature of the water entering through the pipe 50 are slightly higher than the pressure in the housing 52 at the saturation temperature

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~ 12 -

Temperature in the housing 52 can equilibrate, a XeIl of the water entering through the pipe 50 on the surface of the water lake 54 in a flash, so that vapors that by the Arrows 56 are indicated schematically from the surface of the water going out «immediately above the surface of the Salt water body 54 U-shaped trough-like collecting elements 58 are arranged, which open upward. A triangular group of condenser tubes 60a, 60b and 60o extends within each collector element 58 in Longitudinal direction. As with the previous embodiment lead these condenser tubes liquid coolant 62, the their outer surface to a temperature below the The saturation conditions that prevail in the housing 52 hold " When the vapors 56 flow upwards in the housing 52, they occasionally touch the surface surfaces of the condenser tubes 60. As a result, the vapors condense these surfaces into a liquid porm «

In the embodiment of FIG. 3, as in the previous embodiment, it should be pointed out that the Xonde tubes 6Oa-o occupy only a very small percentage of the total volume within the housing 52. So flow all vapors in the enclosure go straight to the condensing surfaces on which they are condensed, and they are not forced to first use other ineffective condenser

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surfaces to flow. In addition, as in the previous embodiment, the condenser tubes 60 are vertical not aligned, so that the condensate that forms on their outer surfaces goes directly into the Saramel troughs 5P drip without it building up on other condenser tubes and thereby impairing their effectiveness.

j? y. 4 shows a unique condenser arrangement in which The principles of the present invention can be used in a manner that will further reduce costs allowed for the manufacture of condensers. According to Pig. 4, a tubular outer housing 70 is provided which, for example can be made from a pipe or from a conduit. Near the upper part of the interior of the case 70 a horizontally extending inlet plate 72 is provided which extends transversely across the interior of the housing 70 stretches so that it forms a transverse tendon. A diametrically disposed partition 74 extends from the lower surface of the inlet plate 72 up to a point in near the bottom of the housing 70. At this location, the partition wall 24 branches into two adjacent symmetrical U-shaped parts that have their sides connected to the housing 70 merge to form longitudinally extending lower manifolds 76 and 77. Several Condenser tubes 80 extend within housing 70

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on each side of the partition wall 74 in the areas 78 and exactly over the collecting channels 76 and 77, whereby they are not are arranged vertically one above the other, there are means (not shown) provided to cool liquid through the cooling tubes asu lead.

Water vapor or some other vapor that is to be condensed in the device shown in Pig * 4 flows along the inside of the housing 70 above the inlet plate. This water vapor or other steam is then in a distributed way over a multitude of inlet holes '82, which are arranged along the inlet plate 72, into the rich 78 and 79 let in. This water vapor or other steam flows directly from the various inlet holes 82 to the tubes 80 without taking a tortuous path or perform a turbulent movement. This will make the Steam directly and instantly through the condenser surface, which it hits, condenses · It then drips in liquid form directly down into the collecting channels 76 and 77 »whereby the build-up of a heat-insulating liquid film the condenser rotations is prevented.

The arrangement of Pig · 4 is particular to compare with Condenser tubes with different positional arrangements and surface characteristics. For example

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For example, the tubes on the left side of the partition wall 74 can be made of titanium, while those on the other side can be made of a copper / fricke1 composition. As long as the holes 82 in the inlet plate 72 are evenly distributed, it is to be assumed that the amount of water vapor or other steam flowing to the tubes on the opposite sides of the partition wall 74 by the condensing capacity of the tubes 80 in the areas 78 and 79 respectively on one each side of the separation plane, is controlled. Thus, the amount of condensate that is collected in 'the channels 76 and 78, serves as a measure of the effectiveness of various pipe arrangements and the pipe surface and the material characteristics that have an influence on the condensation of vapors.

The Pig. 5 and 6 show yet another embodiment gea & ß of the invention. This embodiment has a multi-stage evaporator for controlled blite evaporation, and _ also a built-in condenser. Dae system by Pig. 5 and 6 has a front and rear plate assembly 100 and 102, respectively, between which the various integrated evaporators and condensers (which are in the Sequence are to be described) extend. * Tie shown in Pig, 5 For example, a number of condenser housings 104 are provided near the top thereof and are arranged side by side with gaps 106 dczwiehen remaining.λ

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The condenser housings 104 ', which may be sheet metal, extend between the front and rear plate assemblies 100 and '02. In cross section, as shown in FIG. 5 , the condenser housings have essentially rectangular lower parts and tapering upper parts which end in an upper opening 108. Baldaohin-like or umbrella-like covers 110 extend over the upper opening 108 of each condenser housing 104 and are spaced a certain distance therefrom so that the vapors are allowed to enter through the opening 108 of the condenser housing 104 from the surrounding area. The covers 110, however, prevent any liquid droplets that can drip down directly from entering through the opening 108. .

Within each condenser housing 104 there is a row provided by condenser tubes 112. As shown, these are Condenser tubes 112 arranged so that their centrea eof two inclined lines lie which run parallel to the upper part of the condenser housing 104 in approximately. Eb should be emphasized that the condenser tubes 112, which are not vertical lie one above the other, are arranged in such a way that a condensate that is on the outer surface of one of the tubes does not drip directly onto another tube, but instead falls to the bottom of the condenser housing 104.

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The condenser houses 104 rest on cross bars 114, which in turn hang on channel parts 116. Holders 118 carrying a shallow reservoir 120 are also carried by the channel portions 116. This reservoir takes the salt water at ₉ that has dropped through the Deekel 110 on the upper surface of Kondensorgehäuaes 104 and has passed through the spaces 106 between the Kondensorgehäusen. This water then drips into the shallow reservoir 120, where it remains until it gradually flows down through the evaporation carriage 122.These evaporation paths® extend down from the bottom of the shallow reservoir 120 and are filled with packing material '124, which is secured by means of a grid 126 at the lower $ ad «a of the ways 122 is held in these. The packing material 124 divides the evaporation paths 122 into a multitude of paths which have become through the evaporation path 122 to tsatoa. These paths have a narrowed cross-section, so that vapors are formed from the water flowing down through them The main part of the space is covered by the individual particles of the packing material 124. These vapors are caused to flow rapidly downward through the evaporator paths 122 due to a pressure differential that exists across the paths 122. This pressure difference is determined by the downward vapors in a uniform pressure gradient along the evaporation paths converted as I o £ ge this gradient

a controlled flash evaporation of the salt water is created in a manner which corresponds to the controlled evaporation in the embodiment of FIGS.

One of the evaporation paths 122 opens directly to the top of the cover 110 of the next stage of the system. Both unevaporated salt water and such evaporated vapors emerge from the grid 126 of the evaporation excitation 122. The vapors make the area in the condenser housing 10 4, while the non-evaporated salt water ^r to the cover 110 dribbles the Darue $ "r step lying along the top of the sorgehäuse 104 * flows down and then sslnszi Feg through the trees 106 su a shallow R <qb®t'vo ± t 120 ^{1 of} a lower level

Bs it can be seen that there are several levels of this unity of Is because of the identical structure, and that each Ajfr » number of stages can be added to whatever of the total Pressure * "differential depends on which the system will adapt aich can" .

As indicated in dashed lines in Pig.5, there are also collecting lines at certain points that are spaced apart 130 intended for fresh water, which the fresh water * that of the condenser tube. 112 drips down - from yours

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Move the condenser housing 104.

As in Fig. 6 to. See, a coal system is also provided, which has Klihliüittelsufilhrleitmig 140, which is connected to the wall structure 102, and which opens via a head part 142 into the condenser tubes 112 in the lower stage * At the opposite end of the unit, is ation further head part 143 and a collecting line 144 vergeeehi @ n ₉ which receives the Klilflüeeigkeit from the condenser tube a 112 and via eic® line 146 to the next higher level of the Sy et es »although the KüfelfliiSBiglseit eia © gevdeee W & iaeäge in the lower stage © - recorded.- Mt and. dadtveh. the temperature has risen, ■ is enough in the next higher material * a «Pllieigkelt with a higher temperature sra? no condensation in this stage, and sw & r mgia the liSheren. Pressures maä temperatures of the vapors and the onevaporated raftslides that are present in them.

Fig. 7 shows a modified form of a conduit order for the installation is the FrißehweBßerg®wiEjaung © ey®t "H of Fig. 5 and $, in this other laordnuag eiafi . Ereohledeae

ie 160 with Ibiidja # © rrolsrea 162 la a borlseat & Xefi. Ömpp »atie siml arranges flinü» Wi * geaeigt »eiM the pipes of the. OBter 6 © daS & ®m & mn @ & t _t dee: the - A-neseneeite © inee

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Pipe, drips directly to the bottom of the housing without ' the film thickness of another condenser tube is increased. In the arrangement of FIG. 7, the covers 110 are omitted, because the evaporator paths 122 are arranged so that they open right down into the spaces 106 between the individual condenser housings. In the arrangement of FIG it is possible to determine the vertical height of each step for a given » To reduce the pressure drop of each stage.

The present invention provides improved condensation of fumes achieved with structures that are far less expensive to manufacture and maintain than it is was previously thought to be mSgllch. So is through an appropriate Arrangement of the condenser tubes in relation to the steam inlet ele also by restricting the condenser area a very effective and cheap system is achieved in the unit.

PATENT AS'S APPLICATIONS;

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Claims (3)

PATENTAN 'S CLAIMS p 1 · condenser, which * has a chamber and a row of condenser «· tubes that extend horizontally through the channels» and furthermore a device for admitting the vapor to be condensed into the chamber and a condensate collection trough under the condenser tubes inside the chamber, characterized in that the axes of the condenser tubes are not arranged vertically one above the other * in such a way that no condenser tube is directly connected to another tube, so that the condensate which forms at one point on one of the named tubes comes directly from the named one Place drips off and avoid contact with another pipe. 2. Condenser according to claim 1, characterized in that the volume which the Bndensorrohre C3Oa-e'isnd 3ia-c) occupy, makes up about 2 to 5% of the eeaamtvoitaiens'des Znnenrawis of the condenser. 3.. Apparatus Naeh Anepruah i _9% & mL CH as winnungssystem.ausgebildet is characterized _9, the following file aufwöisti else Siiipielitussg C18), the calibration · below erstreekende Flttscigkeitelsanalo CTO) with a narrow} defines a means for supplying Salst "efl" a? with a temperature and a pressure close to evaporation s «m 009 $ 2t / 08fi 1801116 upper end «of said channels (20), so that said water flows down through the channels and a device ₉ experiences a partial evaporation; a condenser area (22) is defined in which the lower Kn.de of said evaporation channel opens a leihe of horizontally extending condenser tubes C3Oa «e and 3la« o), which extend inside the condenser area Ö2); and "a fresh water tank is arranged in relation to the condenser tubes mentioned in such a way that all the liquid condensate that drips off from each condenser tube is collected" without the condensate touching the surface of another tube. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that the candlesoFbereiGh C 22) has an approximately misshapen cross-section. " 5 · Vorrichtispg according to claim ^ _9, characterized in that the condenser area 22) has a canopy-shaped shield (28? Which is arranged somewhat above the condenser area. Device according to one of Claims 3 to 5, characterized in that several of the said fluid channels (122) are arranged one above the other, ₉ with the same number 008S21 / 08SS ''' - ⁷ BAD-ORlQlNAf 160Π16 £ 2 ^ ichtungen ° interposition of Kondensore, and wherein * LLQ% _g IiO) having said Kondeiisoreitirichtttng baffle "which are arranged so ₉ that unverdaapfte Fiassicrknit au * an upper channel CL22) u» di © condenser tubes (112) heruK and sue nicneten Vardaapf «rlcaml (122) etröat., ' ? · 'Könd «neor according to one of claims 1 or 2, thereby gekennseiohne ^, because it has the following parts ι a itself horisontal erstreokesxiee tube € 705 $ a partition plate (72) that look horizontally through <* as the inside "of the named pipe (70 $ er" streoict and the very in siisea an upper and a lower area divides, with the partition plate € 721 holes Cö2> for the passage of steam in dsn under "" area has ι and one row of Condenser Rotean (SO), which stand through the lower area extendec 0 03821/086 * Lee rs e i t e