DE1692476C - Feed for ruminants - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a feed for ruminants containing N-monopropionylurea or Ν, Ν'-dipropjonylurea in an amount of about 0.5 to about 15 percent by weight on the total weight of the feed.

By administering the feed according to the invention, increased blood glucose levels are achieved Ruminants, such as B. sheep, goats, cows and oxen achieved. The invention is based on the discovery that N-propionyl-substituted ureas, namely N-propionylurea

(CH ₃ CH ₂ CONHCONh ₂ )
and N.N'-dipropionylurea

(CH ₃ CH ₂ CONHCONHCOCH ₂ Ch ₃ ) ' ⁵

are hydrolyzable to propionic acid by the rumen flora. When present in the rumen, propionic acid is converted to glucose, and the so formed As a result of the circulation in the blood, glucose corresponds to the demands placed on the feed by the animal preventing or eliminating metabolic discomfort due to low blood glucose levels will. One such phenomenon is pregnancy toxicity in sheep and its effects often death of the fetus. and the ewe. It is a disease that affects pregnant women Sheep as a result of the heavy feed demands placed on them by the developing fetus, always occurs when the usual food sources are reduced, such as. B. in bad weather Berghöfe. Here you can the feed that is available to the ewes, the inventive Add feed during the last 5 or 6 weeks of gestation. By using a feed containing the new feed instead of normal feed becomes dangerous and severe of pregnancy toxicemia is reduced.

The use of propionic acid as a gluconogenic additive is known, but the new animal feed results in an improved release of the propionic radical to the ruminant for conversion to glucose. U.S. Patent 2,965,488 claims the use of the sodium and calcium salts of acetic and propionic acid for the more effective utilization of urea in urea-containing feed by the animals that received such feed. It has been found that when administering sodium. Potassium, calcium and ammonium propionates in animals as a source of propionyl radicals, the degree of release of the propionyl radical obtained by hydrolysis is so high. that a large part of the released propionic acid leaves the rumen unchanged and is lost. On the other hand, if enough soluble salts of propionic acid were administered to the animal to permit efficient conversion of propionic acid, then the metabolic equilibrium would be disturbed.

It was found that the new feed im Rumen is hydrolyzed to propioiiyl radicals and urea by the rumen flora at a much slower rate than the soluble salts of propionic acid. This slower hydrolysis allows the propionyl radicals formed to pass through the ruminants are effectively converted to glucose. The one obtained from hydrolysis Urea is broken down into ammonia, which is used for protein synthesis.

In an article by B e I a s c ο (Journal of Animal Science, Vol. 15 [1954]), it was reported that acetylurea, e! ne the active ingredients of the invention Feed-like compound, a weak source of nitrogen in the rumen. It was also reported that propionamide produces low ammonia concentrations in addition to the delivery of the biological available nitrogen, which is indicated by good bacterial growth. The inventive Feed supplies only a small amount of urea and therefore ammonia to the metabolic system of the ruminant, however, it is primarily intended to be an adequate source of propionyl radicals and therefore for glucose to be for the animal's metabolic system.

A feed premix contains a carrier material and about 50 to about 95 percent by weight of either of the aforementioned propionyl substituted Ureas.

To produce the feed, the propionyl-substituted urea can be mixed with conventional feed materials mixed so that the final mixture is a nutritionally balanced feed; d. H.. that the mixture is the source of carbohydrate, assimilable nitrogen. Vitamins (especially Vitamin A and B) and mineral elements (especially calcium and phosphorus) essential for nutrition of the animal matter. The propionyl substituted one While urea is a source of carbohydrate glucose, it cannot be the only source of carbohydrates be used; a nutritionally balanced feed therefore still contains a conventional one Source of carbohydrates, such as B. cereals (e.g. barley flour). The amount of this other source of carbohydrates which must be consumed to maintain health. however, it is less than it is in its absence of the propionyl-substituted urea would have to be. Cereals, such as B. barley flour, contains an essential Proportion of assimilable nitrogen (in the form of vegetable protein), and if such a cereal Used as an additional source of carbohydrates in the mixture is not an additional source of assimilables Nitrogen necessary because the propionyl-substituted one Urea itself provides assimilable nitrogen. If desired, however, separate Nitrogen sources either in the form of non-protein nitrogen, such as e.g. B. urea, or in the form of protein nitrogen. how he z. B. is present in soybean meal. be incorporated.

But you can also mix the propionyl-substituted urea with just a grain and sprinkle the feed obtained in this way on the normal daily feed. The propionyl-substituted urea can also be mixed with a diluent, such as. B. talcum powder or bentenite. mixed and the thus obtained feed can be sprinkled on the normal feed. The feed according to the invention can also be in the form of pellets or feed blocks. Former can using binders, such as. B. molasses or gum, while blocks can be made using gum and cane molasses; they are particularly suitable as feed for ewes on mountain farms. The amount of propionyl-substituted urea-containing feed expediently fed corresponds to a total daily amount of about 1 g or more of propionyl radical per 100 kg of body weight. The preferred amount is 2.5 to 7.5 grams

I 692

of the propionyl radical per 100 kg body weight. The amount of feed to be fed becomes like this dosed that they are preferably a daily amount of about 5 to about 15 g of monopropionylurea per 100 kg body weight or about 3 to about 11 g Ν, Ν'-dipropionylurea per 100 kg body weight of the animal. Lower concentrations of propionyl-substituted ureas can be used meaningful results are obtained, however the preferred concentrations are '° the most economically effective. Also higher concentrations that lead to non-protein nitrogen intake are effective but not economical.

example 1

The ingredients listed in Table 1 were intimately mixed in the stated proportions, and the mixture was compressed into blocks which were generally cylindrical in shape, where- - ° each block weighed about 25 kg and was 30 cm in diameter. Will this composition at Ewes which weigh about 30 kg when fed, show higher blood glucose levels than they do is the case with ewes which feed the same diet, * 5 but obtained without propionyl-substituted urea. The daily intake of propionyl-substituted Urea contributes about 5 g per 100 kg of animal body weight.

Table I.

Components

Barley flour

Soluble distillation substances

urea

Monopropionylurea T.

Dicalcium phosphate

Magnesium carbonate

Vitamin A (10,000 units / g)

Vitamin D (300 units / g)

Sodium chloride *)

Vegetable gum

Cane molasses

water

Weight percent

30.0
25.0
7.5
4.4
2.5
OK
1.0
1.0
16.0
4.5
1.0
6.1

propionylurea administered per day. Blood glucose levels were determined 9, 4 and 1 weeks before lambing definitely. The results are given in Table II.

Table II

* l Sal / kon / cntratinn to the inclusion of the block material on about (I.! kg per capita per day.

If N.N'-dipropionylurea is used instead of monopropionylurea, equivalent results are obtained.

Example 2

9 weeks before the throwing, two groups (A and B) of 11 pregnant ewes were given a feed diet of hay, Swiss chard, silage and block concentrate occurred on a grain basis (which ensured the supply of proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals). Alien ewes sufficient amounts of this diet were fed so that both normal (i.e., pre-pregnancy *) Nutritional conditions as well as the additional necessary for the growth of the fetus et Food conditions have been met. The mother sheep in group B were given 5 g of mono-

Weeks
before the lamb Blood glucose levels
A! Control) (mg! OOecm blood)
B. 9
4th
1 49.4
24.5
11.9 49
36.6
26th

The ewes fed monopropionylurea had elevated blood glucose levels on.

Equivalent results are obtained when the ewes receive Ν, Ν'-dipropionylurea.

Example 3

If the feed diet in Table III is fed to ewes weighing between 31 and 36 kg, then show these animals had elevated blood glucose levels compared to those animals on the same diet, however without monopropionylurea.

Table III

35

40

45

Components Weight percent Monopropionylurea
urea
Bone meal
Ground yellow corn
Dehydrated alfalfameh!
Cane molasses
Bentonites 10.5
1.0
1.0
41.5
35.0
8.0
5.0 100.0

50

55

60 The average daily consumption of monopropionylurea was calculated to be about 15 g per 100 kg of animal body weight.

If N.N'-dipropionylurea is used instead of monopropionalurea in the example above used, equivalent increases in blood glucose are achieved.

Example 4

Obtain lambs that are between about 31 and 36 kg weigh the feed diet in Table IV, they have a higher blood glucose than lambs that eat the same diet, but without dipropionylurea. receive.

Table IV Components Weight percent

Ν, Ν'-dipropionylurea.

urea

Bone meal

Ground yellow corn .... Dehydrated alfalfa flour

Cane molasses

Bentonites

0.7

1.0

1.0

51.3

35.0

8.0

3.0

100.0

The average daily consumption of N, N'-dipropionylurea is about 3 g per 100 kg of body weight, based on total feed intake of about 0.43 kg per 100 kg of body weight per day, calculated.

Used monopropionylurea instead of N, N'-dipropionylurea used in this example, equivalent results are obtained.

Example 5

Sheep with an average weight of 31 kg receive the most nutritionally balanced Feed diet of Table V, they have an increased blood glucose level compared to sheep that received the same diet, but without N, N'-dipropionylurea, received.

Table V

Components Weight percent Ν, Ν'-dipropionylurea
Dehydrated alfalfa flour
Ground yellow corn
urea
Bone meal
Cane molasses
Bentonites 3.0
35.0
47.0
1.0
1.0
10.0
3.0 100.0

Table VI

Components Weight pro, ent Timothy hay
Alfalfa flour
Yellow corn
Soybean meal
Pressed oatmeal
urea
Calcium propionate
Attapulgite clay
Dicalcium phosphate
Mineralized LaIz
Monopropionylurea 46
2
28
1
14.5
2
2
I.
I.
2
0.5 100.0

Equivalent results are obtained if Ν, Ν'-dipropionylurea is used instead of monopropionylureaine used in this example.

Example 7

According to Table VII, a nutritionally balanced feed additive is provided for feeding Ruminant. If animals are fed on this diet, they have an elevated blood glucose level on.

Table VII

The average daily consumption of Ν, Ν'-dipropionylurea is calculated to be about 12 g per 100 kg of body weight.

Equivalent results are obtained if monopropionylurea is used instead of N, N'-dipropionylurea used in this example.

Example 6

If dairy cows are fed the nutritionally balanced feed diet of Table VI, so they have higher blood glucose levels than dairy cows on the same diet but without monopropionylurea. received.

45 components

35 10 10

10 10

1 1

0.5 0.5 15

Ground barley

Pressed oatmeal.

Wheat bran

Soy flour

Sugar cane molasses ....

Corn gluten feed

urea

Sodium propionate

Attapulgite clay

Dicalcium phosphate

Mineralized salt

Monopropionylurea

'100.0

If Ν, Ν'-dipropionylurea is used instead of monopropionylurea in this example, this gives equivalent results.

Example 8

Will be a pre-made animal feed composition made from the ingredients in Table VIII given to a nutritionally balanced feed, so that there is a total daily intake If 5 g monopropionylurea is obtained, then the animals have increased blood glucose levels.

Table VIII

Weight percent

Components

Monopropionylurea

Bentonites

talc

Mixture. Weight percent Λ B I C D

100

Equivalent results are obtained if Ν, Ν'-dipropionylurea is fed to the animals instead of mono propionylurea and 3 g of dipropionylurea per day.

Claims (1)

Claim: to Feed for ruminants, containing N-Mo- nopropionylurea or Ν, Ν'-dipropionylurea in an amount of about 0.5 to about 15 percent by weight, based on the total weight of the feed.