DE1660598A1 - Thread-like or web-like material of polymeric substances and processes and apparatus for the production of the specified material - Google Patents

Description

OIPl ING STAPF IV ν ν ν v / U β MÜNCHEN 2, den

Dl P L.- IN to. al Ar r . hrbiestrasse 20

PATENT LAWYERS Phone 60838

Telegram addr. ι PATENTEUIE MOndien Bank details· Bayerische, Vereinsbank MOndien 453100 Poitichick Account in MOndia 45343

* Dr. Owl, Dr. Berg, Dlpl.-Ing. Stopf, 8 MOndien 2, Hilble «» r. 20 *

"~ Your mark

Be / Be

Our Zeldien

Lawyer3 file 14 021

Ole-Bendt Raamuaaen, Rugmarken 28, Parum / Denmark

"Pad or ban-like material of polymeric substances and · Processes and apparatus for the production of the designated Materials "

So far it has apparently always been assumed that materials which textiles have their own properties can only be produced by building up these materials from small components, which * are generally fibers or threads. It has now been found that it is not is necessary for the production of a textile material from starting from such small structural elements.

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This invention relates to a class of materials that have a wide range of uses. The materials according to the invention can be used as textiles, for example clothing. Other materials can be used as carpeting. Still other materials can be used for packaging, still others as building panels, while others can be leather-like. The materials according to the invention can be web-like or thread-like. " If they are designed as threads, they can subsequently be converted into any of the products that can be made from more common thread types.

The thread-like or web-like material according to the invention is made from particles of synthetic polymer! Material formed, each seeing a back and a vi el! of feelers or arms that are made of the same material as the Hucken and start from the back, and which generally extend in the direction of the surface of the web-like material or lie along the length of the thread material, with the particles being held together by the Binding is effected by means of the sensor or arms from one particle to neighboring particles «

A suitable method for the preparation of the invention Web-like or thread material includes this Extrusion of liquid or semi-liquid sur formation of

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substantially lamellar-shaped particles of polymeric Material that is separated by a second liquid or semi-liquid component and in a thin structure is arranged, pulling the feeler out of the particles and joining the feelers of one particle to other particles to form the external shape of the desired one Thread-like or web-like material, hardening of the polymeric material of the particles and destroying the continuous ones Structure of the second component.

They particles in the thread or web-like according to the invention Material can have a range of shapes. The sensors can come from 4®n sides of the depths of the particles can be pulled out, or they can come off the central one Divide, stretch the chick.

The principle of the invention is based on pulling out the particles of synthetic material from feelers «which are used subsequently to bind the thread-like or web-like pieces together Materials are used. Depending on the external shape of the initial particles and the extent to which the feelers are pulled out of tsn particles and from the places on the particles from which the antennae are withdrawn, the external shape of the back becomes determined by each particle. Often times the stoops are lamellas, that is, the thickness of the lamellas is essentially

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is smaller than one of its other dimensions. However it can often happen that the particles become feelers pulled out to such an extent that the backs can no longer be referred to as lamellar-shaped, but can instead be rod-shaped. So the backs can have two of their dimensions similar, and the third dimension can be larger than the two others. Whatever the basic shape of the backs, the backs are generally not linear in the material arranged. For example, the slats can be arranged in this way be that they have a saddle shape, and rod-shaped gaps can be folded back onto the same.

The following drawings are intended to aid understanding to facilitate the invention. In these drawings is:

Figure 1 is a schematic top view of a series of im substantial lamellar shaped particles separated by a second component;

Figures 2, 3 »4, ₉ 5» 6 and 7 are schematic representations of particles from which the invention. Materials can be composed;

Figure 8 is a schematic illustration showing a material shows where the feelers expand from the side of the lamella. Figures 9 and 10 are schematic representations

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lungs of materials in which the feelers look expand the central parts of the lamellas and

I ¹ IgUr 11 is a schematic representation of a material made from parallel rows of saddle-shaped segments;

Figure 12 shows a picture of the apparatus used for manufacture of the materials of the invention is suitable while Figure 13 is a cross-section on the line XIII-XIII of Figure 12; and Figure 14 is a plan view of part of Figure 12 Fig. 12 is the apparatus indicated on line XIY-XIY of Figure 12;

FIG. 15 is a view similar to that of FIG. 12 at one different apparatus, and Figure 16 is a cross section in the line XVI-XYI in Figure 15?

Figure 17 is a view similar to that of Figure 12, however with another apparatus and

FIG. 18 is a cross section on the line XYIII-XYIII of FIG Figure 17;

FIG. 19 is a section through an arrangement of lines, those suitable for extruding the polymeric material and the second component in the process according to the invention are;

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Figure 20 shows a top plan view of the conduits shown in Figure 19; "

Figure 21 is a modification of the apparatus shown in Figure 16 and

Figure 22 is a section through the apparatus used for Division of thread or web materials is suitable.

In the theoretical situation illustrated in FIG. 1, the lamellar-shaped particles 1 are separated from one another by layers 2 of a second component, the entire system being in a liquid or semi-liquid state. The layers 1 can then be subdivided along the dashed line to form sensors 3 which are separated from one another but are all attached to a central bridge 4. In this way, when the sensor is opened, the product, as shown in FIG. 2, can be obtained. Depending on the extent to which the feelers 3 are sucked, the bridge 4 will be more or less cylindrical or it will still be lamellar shaped.

Depending on the conditions under which the initial particles are extruded and the sensors are drawn out of the particles, the external shape of the particles in the materials according to the invention can be controlled. The particles and their bending down · _t shown in Figure 3 · 11 4 Saddle

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shaped, while the feelers 3 τοπ the two Run out of the edges of the back. As in Figure 4 again shown} the stoops can or they can as shown in Figure 5, sy lindriech or Halbzyllndrisoh be trained. It is clear that in practice the in Figures 5 to 5 shown particles not over the Edges, as shown, are flat, or rather, but instead be pointed. The feelers can ^ also only on one side of the back, as shown in FIG. 6 , undressed weräes · The particle shown here is a slightly curved «? floe-shaped particle.

When the backs are shaped, they will be arranged essentially across the plane of the web. Pie Baten and Is & msllen-like. Particles are, of course, not entirely flat, and if they depend on the length of the surface, they are sproofe @ xi. is s © reference is made to the Ranging of the surface at any of the Beobaoh- jM tung point underlying "If at any point under consideration the B @ lm is bent along the surface extension to be understood as the Siehtuag the tangent of this web. When it is said that the lamellae are essentially arranged around the surface extension of the path, so! Measures that the lamellae are not always in the plane of the path, but that they form the path, at least in one to some extent, cross. So can

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the flake shown in Figure 6 is about the strength of a Web 6 extend even if the flake is nearly flat lies. So its upper edge 5 can be on one surface of the web, while its feelers 3 on the opposite Surface of the web are located.

It has already been mentioned that the back of the Partikela for example in which the material can be returned to itself, but it is easily possible to produce particles, in which the gaps are inherently non-linear. Such one particle is shown in FIG. In this 4 means the back and the feelers 3 are pulled out of the projections. In the case of this illustrated spine, however, it can be stated that it is essentially lamellar-shaped is as its overall width and length are both in general are considerably greater than its strength.

The backs can be short with a length that is only sufficient beyond the strength of the material or, for example of the thread to extend. Their length does not have to be determined by the thickness of the web, because short pieces are not must be arranged transversely to the thickness of the web. For example, they can move from one end to the other in im be arranged substantially parallel rows. The length of the short back can for example. only a few millimeters up to approx. 1 cm is enough. However, sometimes it will

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shorter backs with longer lengths used. In contrast to the short Süoken, materials can be made in which the backs are extended. Thus, these turns can be essentially endless and can actually run across the width of the sheet material. The elongated ridges are generally arranged substantially parallel to one another, with _y i each having its length substantially in a flat dimension of the web. However, where these ridges are neither elongated and parallel to one another nor short and end-to-end in parallel rows, the rows or ridges are not linear and in fact it is often preferred to zigzag them when removing the material from a surface is seen here

Which particular arrangement of the particles is given, although it is sometimes preferred that they should have feelers along the two surfaces of the material, It is often preferred that substantially all of the feelers along a surface be in the sheet material alone Fig. 8 shows part of such a sheet material, which consists of a number of elongated lamellas 7 is composed and of which, only on one surface of the material, the feeler 3 pulled out and piping Feelers are tied together, and this makes the slats 7 held in their parallel position to each other.

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Sensors do not have to protrude from the side parts of the lamellae or tubes, but instead they can extend from the central part of the lamellae through holes in adjacent lamellae to bind a particle with the neighboring particles, although this sensor arrangement is worthwhile for a variety of arrangements and particle types there are two materials for which this is of particular value. Basically, when the backs are elongated slats which are arranged essentially parallel to one another. A part of such a material is shown in FIG. Two elongated lamellae 7 are shown, which have a series of holes 9 drilled in them and sensors 10, which extend from the central parts of other lamellae through these holes. It can be seen that the feelers 10 themselves are pulled from the back at the positions of the holes 9. The other preferred M ^a TERIAL is such, are arranged in which the back short slats and substantially end to end in substantially parallel rows. A section of a path is shown in FIG. 10, in which only one segment 4 is shown in two parallel rows. As in the case of the material shown in FIG. 9, the rows are held together in adjacent lamellae 4 by the feelers 10, that is to say through the holes 9. In this material, however, the adjacent lamellae within the rows are held together by the bonding of the feelers 3 »on the sides of the lamellas.

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mellow. the corresponding sensors in the neighboring ones Slats in the rows are enough. It will then be clear that at of this modification there must generally be at least three sensors in each segment, one of them the feelers reach through a hole in an adjacent segment. Preferably, however, the number of sensors in each is Segment greater than three,.

As shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, the sensors reaching through the holes in the adjacent lamellae are preferably twisted or twisted with one another to improve the bond. Whether they aind now twisted or not, ee necessary that the probes extend through a plurality of adjacent slats., When the legs are solely by means of these BinduÄgiart _r ^ tteammengehalten. Thus, in general, the feelers will extend through at least three slats, so that each slat has three feelers running through them, and often they run through even more. ((

If the backs of the particles are short, they can be in im essentially parallel rows, with the backs perpendicular to the Rows, be arranged. FIG. 11 shows such a material, although for the sake of simplicity the backs ao are shown to have flat top surfaces, while in practice they do not receive these surfaces, unless there is any suitable cutting or other treatment on the same after being in the material

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are formed, is applied. The one shown in Figure 11 Material consists of "essentially saddle-shaped segments, which are arranged with the saddles 11, transversely to the rows, each segment to the adjacent ones Segments in the same row and to those in the neighboring ones Rows is held by tying the feelers 3 together.

Another type of material according to the invention consists simply of a single series of particles that are with the back of the particles transverse to the length of the row ' are arranged. This material can be thread-like, in which case the backs are necessarily extremely short. as well it can be in the form of sheet-like material, in which pail each back in a substantially straight line Line lies and the distance from an edge of the layer can span to the other. For this material they are Spine elongated, being at least as long as the distance between the edges of the web. So can this Sheeting in the form of narrow ribbons or wide ones Be lanes. The formation of such a sheeting is shown in Figure 22 and will be discussed in greater detail below described.

The feelers, according to the invention, from the back of the particles the materials are drawn are mostly fiber-like and

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some of the bonding is at least generally done by the matting of the faeer-like antennae with one another. However, in addition to this matting, wasted instead this entanglement, they can also be connected using a suitable binder. This Binder or any other material "that between the neighboring particles (i.e. the formed or split off material, as detailed below is present, can also help hold the particles together. In general * However, the sensors are always designed in such a way that the particles with or without a binder, together, and any bond created by the material between adjacent from exposed particles and not assigned to the feelers can only be used to increase the strength of the later product.

In order for the sheeting to be held together, it is essential that that sufficient feelers are withdrawn from each particle. Adequate binding will not take place if just one antennae on each side of each back is withdrawn or when two feelers are just protruding from the central parts of adjacent lamellar-shaped bridges. Ea ^ must instead have a plurality of antennae from each back, it says there must be at least 3 antennae of each * back be present as in the drawings ajttf-

shown »ea are generally much more than this number, especially if the feelers come from the sides instead of from the Centers of the stoop «.

Process for extruding liquid or semi-liquid, essentially lamellar-shaped particles of polymeric material that pass through a second liquid or semi-liquid Component / being separated are known and are in the pending British patent applications Mr. 33978/63 and 15752/64 of the applicant. The basic method generally involves the use of a body in which there are a number of adjacent parallel lines Lines and means for supplying a molten material to connection lines and a second component to the remaining lines in the series. The body is shaped so that the extruded material is in the shape of a thin structure is. In the method of the present invention, it is generally preferred to use the lamellae through a row of lines as continuous fins to extrude. The sieve can be circular, and the lamellas, after extruding, can be relative to the wavy line be turned in order to arrange the lamellas in a spiral shape in a cylindrical belt. This tape can then go along its length, slotted to create a flat band will. Another method is the row of nozzles straight, and the lamellar-shaped particles are con-

continuous lamellas extruded in a flat band and are then placed with their backs one over the other (under Caterpillars) folded, causing them to be arranged in a zig-sack will. Whichever extrusion process is chosen the continuous lamellae can subsequently cut into short lengths before the antennae be drawn by them.

The arrangement of the lamellae after extrusion into the desired pattern on the strip material is usually thereby causes the lamellas to be subjected to a suitable lateral shear stress. So you can go through the Lines are extruded into a chamber in which they come under pressure from one or more surfaces that relative to the lines, to create the desired visual tension, move «So when the series of Lines is circular that has one or more surfaces rotate in relation to the lines while, if the series is linear, the one or more surfaces act to and fro in relation to the lines in order to bring the lamellas through liderstand or backwater in a zigzag pattern in this way.

When the feelers are molded from one side of each initial lamella Particles are to be drawn, it is preferred to carry out the drawing in at least two working processes. If the particles, even though they are still liquid, only

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pushed forward or pulled against a comb it is not easy to form antennae that actually give a satisfactory bond. Instead, the side or sides of the slats are preferred to pull, of which the feelers are pulled under pressure against a saw-like jagged edge and then the thus formed, saw-like shaped surface under pressure to push against a knife edge. This cutting knife can be straight. The purpose of this second stage of drawing is in drawing a feeler from the starting points created by the first stage and hence. is' A comb is not required for the second stage. If it, as with some constructions, it is preferred or necessary that the edge used for the second drawing stage be saw-like should be shaped, it ought to be in such a way designed and used that as far as possible the parts of the saw-like shaped surface to be warped in contact with convex parts of the edge rather than concave ones Share should come. If the feeler pulling is done in two stages, the feelers will be more uniform and get a feeler with a longer length. The initial pull against a saw-like shaped edge creates one saw-like shaped surface, and the feelers are subsequently pulled out of the protruding ligaments or Zakken of this surface.

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166Q598

A suitable apparatus for carrying out the according to the invention The method is shown in Figures 12 and 14 of the accompanying drawings. To the mahlendea and Bandbe draw aweiae film-forming device will be the two molten polymers I and II, by means of two Extrusion devices (not shown) supplied » I is used to form the segments of tissue, respectively Stoffs und II is the second component. In the drawing I is marked with shaded lines, while II is not marked. From the extrusion presses, I and II are pressed into the device through main channels and subsequently into a series of very narrow conduits 13 and 14 »separated by walls 12, divided. the Walls 12 separate the lines 13 through which the polymeric material I is extruded from lines 14, through which the second component II is extruded. Ee are means for feeding the polymer I to the lines 13 and for feeding the second component II to the Lines 14 available. Lines 13 and 14 are here shown in a simplified form, but they are described in more detail Details are shown in FIG. There is also one Row of similar wedges 15, which from the nozzles 16 of the lines, sideways with spaces, where each with a corner edge 18, which is directed towards the nozzles and with the two other Eokkanten 17, which are adjacent to the other ropes, are arranged in a saw-like manner * The goose

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Arrangement takes place in a narrow body that runs through the Walls 37 is delimited, and this body also includes a hood-shaped chamber 19 for receiving the material one which has been extruded through the nozzles and which is thermoset passed between the wedges, the chamber 19 in its open side is directed towards the wedges and an elongated outlet 20 extending the length of the rows of the Nozzles spanned in relation to the nozzles, but these means are not shown in the drawings. she can result in either relative rotation or relative reciprocation. You can either use the wedges or the lines, or both, are moved. The Soherffekt brought about by the wedge 18 acts in the currents 21 of the polymer I and the streams 22 of the second component II, which are pushed transversely to the head of the nozzles will. When the wedges work back and forth, the currents become 21 and 22 pushed back and forth. To the extent that more material is pressed through lines 13 and 14, the currents are gradually forced to contact the edges 18 of the wedges and become into short segments 23 chopped up by these edges. To aid in pushing and chopping up the streams the edges 18 are preferably finely toothed. The teeth at the edges 18, for example, 0.2 mm apart lie. Preferably the distance between the edges is 18 and the nozzles 16 greater than the distance between the two

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adjacent lines- "13, but is preferably smaller as the lead of each lead 13. If.the wedges are move back and forth, the oscillation amplitude of the back and forth movements should be several times greater than the distance between the two adjacent lines 13, Die Pawn half a back and forth movement should preferably be roughly the same as the time that «read extruded Material from a nozzle 16 to reach the edge 18 needs. The edges 17 are serrated, and they may, for example, have approximately 1 mm between adjacent teeth.

The segments 23, some of which are shown in FIG. 12, arise from the passage between the neighboring ones Trowels 23 forced. This pass has a gradually decreasing width to an overhanging neck, or a constriction in which the width is substantially less than anywhere along the length In the apparatus explained, the two sides of each constriction are through toothed edges 17 limited, but if the antennae are drawn on one side alone it is sufficient that only one side is toothed is. The segments 23 are then forced further upward, leaving the neck and then being pressurized against a reciprocating comb drawn through the upper edge 24 of the wedges 15 is created. This kama

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client not only to pull the feeler further, the pulling of the same started at the toothed edges 17 but also to fold up the antennae that are pulled out. The comb 24 reciprocates and so the segments become parallel in a zigzag fashion Rows arranged so that the segments in each row are arranged in end-to-end relationship. The comb 24 is preferred arranged so that the bridges formed on the lamellae by contact with the toothed edge 17 are more in Contact with the bridges of the ridge 24 than with the depressions. So the bridges should be separated about 1mm be.

The segments 23 are pushed forward against the wedge along Each side of the pass formed between the two adjacent segments 15 and thus become saddle-like educated. If they are also pushed forward against the ends 25 of the pass between the adjacent wedges they are cup-shaped. To reduce this, the length of the pass that is limited by the ends 25, preferably gradually towards the constriction 17, enlarged and also continued up to the ridge 24 · The reduction in the width of the pass between each wedge up to the neck not only ensures that the segments worked from the edge 17 under pressure but also creates

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The passage through which chamber 19 and outlet 20 become the segments 23, which are then folded together into legs, are forced into closer contact with one another, and thereby the Improved binding of the whole. In addition to the movement of the wedges or the lines, both, or the hood or move all three.

The jaws forming the outlet 20 can also be applied in this way be that they are parallel to each other in opposite directions are movable relative to one another in order to stretch the segments transversely in order in this way to improve the tensile strength of the resulting material in that direction.

You nozzles 16 can, for example, from 3 mm to 2 cm, generally approx. 8 mm long as shown in Mg.13 and can for example be about 0.3 mm wide, as seen in Pig.12. If the outlet 20, in view of the width of the Chamber 19 is suitably dimensioned at the combs 24 the segments turned by 90 ° during their passage through this chamber. The opening must be much narrower than the length of the segments, as shown in the direction of Pig. 13, where this is the case. A knife son silk can be provided in the outlet with the result that the serrated surface or Surfaces of the segments, as a result of contact with the comb 17 'pushed against this knife edge under pressure, b' betw. be pressed, pulling the feelers. In general, in order for you to flip a substantial number of the segments, the outlet 20, as shown in Pig. 13, has a width of 1/3 to 1/4 the width of the widest part of the chamber 19. In practice, you will generally turn some of the segments over and over

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others again not, some as a result of the action of the edge 24 and some of the knife edge im AuelaS 20 can be folded up.

The apparatus shown in Figures 15 and 16 is similar that shown in Figures 13-15, except that the upper edges 24 of the wedges 15 are absent. This apparatus is primarily intended for processes in which the dimensions of the Aue are 20 that the segments are turned by 90 ° as they pass through and exit the chamber 19, and the outlet 20 is accordingly rersehen with a rear edge 26, which is used to pull out the feelers.

The apparatus shown in Figure 21 is a modification Ton that shown in Figure 16, in which a tipped Madel 27 is attached so that it reciprocates in the outlet 20 so that the segments are needled together to the extent that they pass the outlet run through. He Madel 27 is described in more detail below. This Madel can, in addition to its Steoh movement, have a turning movement in order to twist the antennae to manufacture. The Steoh movement is quick and preferential at times when the sideways movement of the liquid till is comparatively slow. A similar Madel arrangement can in the outlet 20, as shown in Figure 13, be provided.

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It makes it clear that the needle shows punching or punching results in the feelers, from a lamellar particle through the needle punch holes into the neighboring particles.

In Figures 17 and 18 an apparatus is shown, which is suitable for use in a process in which the lamellae are not cut into short segments will. In this apparatus the wedges are omitted and the body includes the conduits and a dome-shaped one Chamber 19 which is directed towards the nozzles of the lines and has an elongated outlet 20 which is the length of the Row of lines spanned. The apparatus also includes means for moving the hood-shaped chamber along the row of nozzles in relation to the nozzles. At the beginning of the gate, or causing the sensor to be pulled out, there is a toothed edge 31 at the entrance to the outlet and a straight Me88erkante 28 at the exit of the outlet of edge 31 · So there are edges 31 and 28 on the opposite side of the outlet. The edge 31 is preferably mounted in the channel 29 to allow the rotating movement to a minimum when the antennae are sucked out. On the other hand, there is preferably a cavity between the edges 31 and 28, again to produce a material receptacle. Instead of the feelers through the To draw contact with the edges 31 and 28 or additionally

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au dleaen can continuously · lamellas needled together are made by needles that run up and down through the lines.

A preferred arrangement of lines is shown in FIGS. The needles are only shown on one side. The DUOn 16 of the lines 13, from which the polymer material from which the particles are supposed to be composed, is extruded, and preferably erected over the ducts 16 of the lines 14 from which the second component is extruded. As a result of this arrangement, the passage of the polymer streams flowing out of the lines 13 via 41 lines 14 ”is facilitated. Preferably, the nozzles 16, both in the conduits 13 and 14, are narrower than the main portions of the conduits. Preferably, the lines 14 are a little longer when viewed above, as in FIG. 20, than the lines 13. The distribution of this is that the second component flows around the walls 37 of the body, the whole of which Apparatus limited and which includes the "Polgrmeriaatetröm", can be extruded from the Lett ¥ "4" η and so that the conductive agent flows between the polymer, which is extruded from the lines 13 and acts on the walls. before »» g »we ·· let eer atotaat, the ti · Leituagea 13 separates gerimger ml» imre W # it ·, «1« which is just new to rs. When • ine ladel tmr «k ti · Leite» * · * bin- u * d runs here, al «

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preferably arranged in lines 14 'as shown. The needles 27 are generally sharp · gate edges 38 » to punch holes and rounded rear edges 39 sum pulling out the feelers. Preferably the girls turn to make a thread from the antennae. The Steohen is performed quickly and preferably at times when the lateral movement of the ilasse is relatively small.

It is preferred that the component from which the particles are formed have a higher mold viscosity as the second component. This has the advantage that the second component serves as a substantially satisfactory lubricant, and so does the chopping and shaping the particles of the polymer are easier because they are more viscous. For example, the polymeric material from which the particles are formed preferably has one Soil melt viscosity from 3 to 30 times the soil melt viscosity of the second component.

In FIG. 22 an apparatus is shown which is suitable for the production of web or thread material. It includes a body with a pair of lines 32 and 33, which are separated by a wall 34 with a numbered leading edge 35 * Above the nozzles of the lines there is a lock 36 which opens one nozzle while the other is opening closes. There are also funds (not shown) for

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the reciprocation of the barrier over the nozzles and means of feeding a * polymeric material to the line 33 * and the other component sur line 32 · In this way the polymeric material and the sweite component pulsate reciprocally with each other, and a product is formed which consists of a single leg τοη vibrations.

By properly selecting the extrusion speed and the reciprocating speed of the Lock vibrations of any desired fora can be formed. In general, they become essential Be lamellar shaped. When the lines and lock short or round, a thread is formed. As a result of the Gleitaperre over the toothed edge, feelers 37 are off the polymeric material pulled out during the sliding of the lock. With this apparatus, the viscosity of the both liquid components may be similar or different.

This method of moving a lock back and forth Supply lines can be used to produce τοη sheet-like materials that have a number of τοη legs τοη segments are made. So the polymeric material duroh a number of τοη polymer lines that in are arranged on their own strainers, while the Feeding of the second component by means of coapon discharge lines takes place, whereby the polymer lines are repeatedly closed and the component lines are opened and vice versa, and thereby a path is formed which is uafaflt parallel borrow 109801/1871 _

A saddle-shaped segment of polymeric material, separated from one another by the awaiting component, combing the edges of the segment and tangling the sensors of adjacent segments with one another, hardening the polymeric material of the segments and removing or splitting into sections of the wide component. The opening and bottom-closing of the lines can be effected by moving a series of triangular wedges to and fro, moving their bases over the nozzles of the lines, whereby they have cut a comb in their upper edge which serves to represent the edges Neighbors borrow η Win «fad the eo seganam feelers from Terwirren, or from Terawirnen.

Both the polymeric material and the other component, which is extruded with the polymeric material, mn! liquid or semi-liquid to be able to be extracted. It is generally preferred that the polymeric material from which the particles are formed should be partially soft polymerizate in order to improve the characteristics of the B & 4 products, the textile structure and the resistance to tearing at the same time is fceaemiere * varieeaert «« riem, Oeeignete f "lym" ra Matarialiem aim4 felyaai.de, Pelywater, falyuretamae, PoIyprewie "Faly" tkyleai ajü mmhm krtatejlli * · Pelj "lefine, PaljTi"# l _# ealeri4 in siIgsmaiwaei leiaat weifagemaeart mm «• xtruiierbaore Ceyalymeriaate« on the PelyTimyliden-ealarid,

modified high impact polystyrene and polycarbonates. Polymers of the polyamides known as nylon are particularly preferred. The polymers can extruded as prepolymers and subsequently polymerized during the process.

The second component should be such a continuous structure which, if desired may be destroyed _t. It can be of the same type of polymer as the polymeric material from which the particles are formed, but of different molecular weights, or it can be of a different polymeric material. It can be a paste, free of any polymeric material, such as a mixture of a lubricant and a thickener. It is particularly preferred to use a polyoxyethylene resin in whole or in part for the second component because it is water-soluble and can be easily removed by washing with water. Mixtures of polymeric material from which the particles are formed and another polymeric material or other materials are used as the second component. Whichever second component is used, the combination selected for the second component and the polymeric material is preferably such that there is a low interfacial tension between them. This is especially important when the polymeric material has the shape of a

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109808/1671

has a prepolymer. In general, the second component will be selected so that its continuous structure can be destroyed. If it is desired to remove the second component by washing, leaving it behind of a product that consists essentially of the particles alone, then it must be one that is in one suitable solvent is removable. If desired, the continuous structure is increased by foam formation destroy, then it must be foamable. If desired, the continuous structure is created by splitting off into fibers To destroy it, it must be one that is suitable for secession. Preferably she should, for relief cleavage, be harder than the polymeric material and should be incompatible with the latter, so that it slides easily at the interfaces. The cleavage can then be achieved simply by bending the hardened sheet or the pad material or by rolling the same. The cleavage can be carried out in such a way that the second component is converted into the structure, which commonly referred to as split fibers, or simply by letting it jump off the polymer particles, wherein the material is allowed to bend sufficiently.

Of course, if the polymeric material is not to remain cleaved while the remainder is cleaved, it must polymeric material must be highly resistant to cleavage.

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109808/1671

Expanding is generally preferred in all respects include means in the second component and thereby influencing the expansion while the particles of the web-like or thread material are still liquid are. This expansion opens the structure of the material regardless of whether the second component is in the foam state will be retained or not, or how it will be removed.

A particularly preferred method which is particularly applicable when the material is extruded in thread form, consists in that the particles are made of nylon and the second component is made of nylon mixed with polyoxyethylene, consists. In this process, after the nylon particles have hardened, the polyoxyethylene is washed out of the second component, and the nylon in the second component is then split off into split fibers.

If desired, the particles can be of one polymeric material and others of a different polymeric Be material. Likewise, the particles can be of one color and others of different colors.

The material of the invention can be used in a variety of finishing treatments, depending on the intended use. Often times they become sideways or lengthways, or both, drawn or extended,

109808/1871 " ⁵¹ ""

often even while the slats are still soft. That Stretching can suitably take place under pressure, by means of rollers. The open structure of the material will collapse, but will subsequently open up again. Of course, the seizure must be done so that the particles are welded together into a continuous web. Another way of producing a very open structure is to calender the layer, while the particles are solid but easily deformable and while the second component is very deformable, and then to remove the second component. The stresses generated in the back of the particles open such particles to a bulky state even though no expansion agent is used. In general, can be used to manufacture one or more of the following methods can be used for an open structure:

1. Expansion by means of an expansion agent of the same Component, 2. leaching out, at least part of the second component, 3 · causing the second component to split off Component, where either a brittle polymer or such was used as such a component, which was weakened by swelling or another chemical treatment or 4. by allowing the adhesion to slide between the two polymers.

You can use products according to the invention at high speed

109808/1871 " ³² "

can be established. For example, it is entirely possible to extrude a web of 10 cm width at a rate of 30 kg of polymeric material per hour and then calendering that web down to a very thin layer if desired. The materials of the invention can be designed for a variety of uses. So they can serve as textile products. These are generally made by calendering a sheet-like material to the desired weight and weight desired dimensions. For example, can

2 sheet material extruded at a weight of 1 kg per meter, twice in each direction on one weight

2
of less than 500 g per m, for example 100 to 200 g

2
are calendered per m. Materials that are so thin .vie

10 g per m can be produced by this process. When the materials are used as textiles should, the second component is generally completely removed from them or in split fibers by stretching converted. Floor coverings or carpets can be produced by suitable arrangement of the particles. In general short segments that stand on the edge in the itaterial are used. The second component is in the general completely resolved. Leather-like products can be made, and these are the second components generally split off into split fibers. These products can, if desired, be impregnated with a suitable resin

109808/1671 " ³³ "

be ned. Pure packaging or when used as building panels, the second component is preferably a ver foamable material that is foamed and removed from the material .

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109808/1671

Claims (1)

- 34 - Patent claims 1. Thread-like or web-like ji material on the base of synthetic, polymer em material characterized in that the particles have a back part and a plurality of antennae or arms made of the same material as the back and extending from the back and im substantially along an area dimension of the sheet-like material or along the length of the thread material The particles are held together by the feelers. 2. sheet-like material according to claim 1, characterized in that the feelers, or arms of go out on the sides of the back. 3. sheet-like material according spoke 1 or 2, characterized in that the back are slats that are in are arranged substantially transversely to the surface extension of the web. 4. sheet-like material according to claim 3, characterized in that the back are elongated slats, the substantially parallel to one another, each arranged with its length substantially in one surface dimension of the web. - 35 - 109808/1871 5. sheet-like material according to claim 1 or 2 thereby characterized in that the backs are in the form of bars. 6. sheet-like material according to claim 5, characterized in that that the backs of the herringbones are elongated and essentially parallel to each other, each with its own Length are arranged in a flat dimension of the web. 7. sheet-like material according to claim 3 or 5 thereby marked as £ the backs short and substantial Arranged end to end and in substantially parallel rows. 8. sheet-like material according to claim 4, 6 or in .velcnem the backs are arranged in a zigzag fashion. 9 »sheet-like material according to claim 3 or 5 thereby characterized in that the backs are short and in essentially parallel rows,: ait the backs across the Rows, are arranged. 10. Sheet-like material characterized in that the particles are formed from synthetic polymeric material, each being a substantially saddle-shaped segment, with feelers made of the same polymeric material as the arch of the segment and pulled out - 36 - 109808/1671 from the back of the segment, in which material the segments are in substantially parallel rows, with the saddles across the rows, and each segment with the adjacent segments in the same row and with the segments in adjacent rows by the feeler respectively. Arms connected. 11 · sheet-like material according to claim 4 or 6 thereby characterized in that each spine lies in a substantially straight line and the distance from a side edge the railway spanned to the other. 12. sheet-like material according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that essentially the entire feeler lie along a surface of the material. 13. Web-like material according to any of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the sensors lie along both surfaces of the material. 14. Track-like material enjoy one of the previous ones Claims, characterized in that the PJiJ ργ fanannlich are un at least a l'oiJ. the iii.vlung dan result nic the felting of the fiber-like itihler is. "- iviLiivri-iihvAA che.s material ^ em according to one of the preceding AKr-'pr-iohe, laduroh marked that the gaps Lame] - 109808/1671 BATH ORIGINAL len and the sensors from the central parts of the slats reach through holes in the adjacent slats. 16. Web-like material according to claim 3, characterized in that that the bridges are short and arranged substantially end to end in substantially parallel rows and the rows are held together by antennae from the central parts of the lamellas in one Row, reach through holes in lamellas in adjacent rows. 17. Web-like material according to claim 4, characterized in that that essentially all of the feelers in the material from the central portions of the lamellae through holes in adjacent slats are sufficient. 18. Web-like material according to any one of the claims 151 16 or 17 characterized in that the sensor, the through the holes of the slats are enough to be twisted together. 19. sheet-like material according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one ! Part of the bonding of the probes is the result of using a bonding agent. 20. Web-like material according to any of the preceding de - 109808/1671 the claims characterized in that some of the particles are a polymeric material and other parts are different are polymeric material. 21. Web-like material according to any one of the preceding Claims characterized in that some of the particles are of one color and some are of different color Color are. 22. sheet-like material according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that some or all of Particles are made of nylon. 23. Web-like material according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that split fibers between the particles are used and joined with the particles. 24. Sheet-like material according to any of the preceding Claims characterized in that an expanded polymeric material is joined with and between the particles will. 25. Web-like material according to claim 9 essentially as described here, with reference to one of FIGS. 3, 4, 5 or 11 of the accompanying drawings. 26. Web-like material according to claim 1 essentially like here with reference to one of the figures of the accompanying drawings. 27. Thread material according to claim 1, characterized in that at least part of the bond is the result of felting from feelers to one particle with feelers to neighboring particles. 28. Thread material according to claim 1 or 27, characterized in that the backs are lamellar segments which are arranged essentially parallel to one another transversely to the length of the Fadenr ^ terials and are made of a polymer material that is resistant to splitting off in a special way and wherein the Lamellae oursh split fibers are separated from their polymeric material. c 3. thread material according to claim 1, 27 or 23 in v / elchem • \ e :: at first is a part of the particles from Kylon. ~: ~>. Textile fabric made of thread material according to one of claims 1 or 27 to 29. ; *. Textile material made by calendering a Indian material according to: Address 23. . ".- .. ^ exti 3mate2 * ial produced by calendering a lanneii ^ milicheii material according to one of the claims ', his -AC- 109808/1671 BAD ORiQiNAL 22 and consisting essentially only of the particles of the synthetic, polymeric material. 33 · Material according to claim 22 in the form of a leather-like product. 34 · Floor covering, characterized in that it comprises a sheet-like material according to one of Claims 1 to 22 and consists essentially of the particles of synthetic polymeric material alone. 35 · Material according to claim 24 in the form of a building board. 36. Material according to claim 24 in the form of a package 37 · Process for the production of thread or web-like items Material according to claim 1, characterized in that by extrusion of liquid or semi-liquid, essentially lamellar particles of polymeric Material formed which are separated by a liquid or semi-liquid component, arranged in a thin structure, the feelers respectively. Arms pulled out of the particles and the feelers of a particle with it other particles are connected to form the desired thread or web shape, the polymeric material of the Particles harden and the continuous structure of the second component is destroyed. 109808/1671 - 41 - 38. The method according to claim 37, characterized in that a sheet-like material according to claim 1 herge represents in which the lamellar-shaped particles are extruded as continuous lamellas in a flat sheet and then extrude folded back on top of each other, thereby arranging them in a ziok-zag manner will. 39 · The method according to claim 37, characterized in that that a sheet-like material, according to claim 1, * is produced, in which the lamellae as continuous Lamellae are extruded helically into a cylindrical layer. 40. The method according to Anspruoh 38 or 39, characterized in that the continuous lamellae in short lengths cut off before the sensors are pulled out. 41. The method according to any one of claims 37 to 40, characterized in that the sensor, at least on one side of each initial lamellar-shaped particle are formed by pressing the side under pressure against a serrated one Edge and then pressing the toothed surface thus formed under pressure against a cutting edge. 42. The method according to any one of claims 37 to 39 daduroh characterized in that the segments are divided into short lengths - 42 -109808/1671 then under Druok bit one side against one toothed edge pressed and then pulled under Druok against a back and forth running Can, which is not only this is used to pull out the feelers, but also to collapse the feelers, causing the segments in the End-to-end relationships are tied together in rows. 43. The method according to claim 42, characterized in that the rows are held together by Nadeleteohen, so that the sensor of a lamellar article passes through that of the Needle punched holes in particles are guided in adjacent rows. 44 · The method according to claim 41, characterized in that the segments are cut into short lengths, feelers at least on one side of the segments are formed by pressing the segments under pressure with the side against a serrated edge and the segments are forced into an elongated chamber which has an elongated outlet across the length of the segments and substantially narrower than the length of the segments and in which the segments rotated by 90 ° during the passage through this chamber and at the outlet and the feelers are drawn from the segments through the creamed surface of the segments during which presses were formed against the ridge, pressing under pressure against a son's rear edge in the outlet will. "4.3 _ 109808/1671 Method according to claim 38 or 39, characterized in that the lamellas are not cut into short segments and the adjacent lamellas are tied together by needle stitching or punching, whereby the feelers are guided from one lamella through the Hadelgeetoohenen holes in lamellas in adjacent rows will. 46. The method according to any one of claims 40 to 43, characterized in that the bridging against the toothed edge is effected by forcing the lamellas through a pass, the direction of which gradually decreases, in the direction of an overhangs % ®n neck, the weaifst m * m on one side by a creamed KtA? feagr * a «t! art» over «irs length, which gradually increases towards the neck. 47. A method for producing a sheet-like material according to claim 9, characterized in that it includes the supply of a liquid or semi-liquid synthetic polymeric material, simultaneously through a Number of polymer lines arranged in a row while charging a second liquid or semi-liquid component takes place through component lines, repeated closing of the polymer lines while opening the component lines and opening the Polymer lines during the closing of the component - 44 -109808/1671 conduits, thereby forming a layer comprising parallel rows of saddle-shaped segments of the polymer Materials that are .separated from one another by the second component, combing the edges of the adjacent rows and thereby pulling the feelers from the edges of the segments and twisting the feelers from adjacent segments together, Curing the polymeric material of the segments and removing or splitting off into fibers of the second component. 48. The method according to any one of claims 37 to 47 for the production of a sheet-like material, wherein the second component is removed by washing. 49. The method according to any one of claims 57 to 47 for the Production of a sheet-like material characterized in that that the continuous structure of the second component is destroyed by foaming the component. 50. The method according to any one of claims 37 to 47 for the Production of a sheet-like material characterized in that the continuous structure of the second component is destroyed by splitting off this component into fibers. 51. The method according to claim 37 for the production of thread material, characterized in that it comprises Extruding a single series of essentially fluid 109808 / T671 " ⁺⁵ ~ liquid or semi-liquid lamellar-shaped particles of polymers! Material separated by a liquid or semi-liquid component which, when hardened, capable of being split off, pulling antennae out of the particle and binding the antennae from a particle with sensors from the neighboring particles, curing the polymeric material of the particles and then splitting off the second component in fibers. 52. The method according to claim 50 or 51, characterized in that that the particles are nylon and the second component is nylon mixed with polyoxyethylene and after the hardening wash the nylon from the particles of Polyoxyäthylena the second component and the nylon in the second component is split off. 53. The method according to claim 47 substantially as herein described with reference to Figures 3 »4 _f 5 or 11 of the accompanying drawings. 54. The method according to claim 51 essentially as described here with reference to FIG. 55 · The method according to claim 37 essentially as here, with reference to any of the figures of the accompanying drawings. - 46 109808/1671 56. thread-like or cream-like material, if after a method according to any one of claims 37 to 55. 57. Apparatus suitable for use in the method of claim 37 characterized in that it comprises a body in which there are a series of adjacent, parallel lines, means for feeding one molten material to alternate lines and a second component to the remaining lines, rows from similar wedges spaced apart from the nozzles of the ducts, means for moving the wedges along the length of the row of nozzles in relation to the nozzles, each wedge with a leading edge directed towards the nozzles and with the other two edges adjacent to other wedges, is serrated and a dome-shaped chamber to receive the material extruding through the nozzles and passed between the wedges with the chamber facing the wedges and an elongated one Has outlet spanning the length of the row conduits. 58. Apparatus suitable for use in a method according to claim 37 characterized in that it comprises a body in which a row of adjacent, parallel lines is mounted, means for feeding polymeric material to change lines and means - 47 -109808/1671 for supplying a second component to the other lines, a hood-shaped chamber, which the nozzles of the lines trimmed and has an elongated outlet spanning the length of the row of conduits means for moving the hood-shaped chamber along the row of nozzles relative to the nozzles and a serrated edge, along at least one side of the outlet and a cutting edge along the same side of the outlet but further away from the nozzles. 5y. Apparatus suitable to claim 37 characterized for use in a method according that it comprises a body in which a row consists of adjacent parallel lines *, means for supplying material to polyssrem alternating lines and i £: fct.si si "r Supplying a second component to other conduits, a dome shaped chamber directed towards the nozzle conduits with an elongated outlet spanning the length of the line of conduits, means for moving the dome shaped chamber along the line of nozzles relative to the nozzles and one multi-pointed needle reaching at least some of the conduits and means for reciprocating the needles from these conduits. 60. Apparatus for use in a method according to claim 37 and characterized in that it comprises one - 48 109808/1671 Body with a pair of lines that is separated by one Wall with a serrated leading edge and a slidable lock over the nozzles of the lines to open a Nozzle while the other is being closed and means for reciprocating the barrier over the nozzles and means for supplying a polymeric material to one conduit and another component to the other conduit. 61. Apparatus suitable for use in the process according to claim 37 essentially as described here below Reference to Figures 12, 13 and 14, 15 and 16, 17 ■ and 18, 19, 20, 21 or 22. 109808/1671 Blank page