DE1598962A1 - Arrangement for determining the humidity with neutrons - Google Patents
Arrangement for determining the humidity with neutronsInfo
- Publication number
- DE1598962A1 DE1598962A1 DE19641598962 DE1598962A DE1598962A1 DE 1598962 A1 DE1598962 A1 DE 1598962A1 DE 19641598962 DE19641598962 DE 19641598962 DE 1598962 A DE1598962 A DE 1598962A DE 1598962 A1 DE1598962 A1 DE 1598962A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- cavity
- arrangement
- reflector
- combination
- neutrons
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011358 absorbing material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N gadolinium atom Chemical compound [Gd] UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000013590 bulk material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004992 fission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/20—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by using diffraction of the radiation by the materials, e.g. for investigating crystal structure; by using scattering of the radiation by the materials, e.g. for investigating non-crystalline materials; by using reflection of the radiation by the materials
- G01N23/203—Measuring back scattering
- G01N23/204—Measuring back scattering using neutrons
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
- G01N23/06—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and measuring the absorption
- G01N23/09—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and measuring the absorption the radiation being neutrons
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
Description
"Anordnung zur Bestimmung der Feuchtigkeit mit Neutronen" Zusatz zum Patent ... (Anmeldung R 32 955 IXb/421) In der hauptanmeldung wird eine Anordnung zur kontinuierlichen Bestimmung der Feuchtigkeit von Feststoffen durch Messung elastisch gestreuter Neutronen beschrieben, webei die Kombination Neutronenquelle und Zählrohr in einem Hohlraum angeordnet ist, dessen Abmessungen um ein mehrfaches größer sind als die Abmessung der Kombination, während der Hohlraum ganz oder teilweise durch Teile des Meßgutbehälters gebildet wird und ein wasserstoffhaltiger Reflektor vorgesehen ist, der den Meßgutbehlter und/oder den Hohlraum wenigstens teilweise nach außen begrenzt. "Arrangement for the determination of humidity with neutrons" addendum to the patent ... (Application R 32 955 IXb / 421) In the main application an arrangement for the continuous determination of the moisture content of solids by measuring elastic Scattered neutrons described, webei the combination of neutron source and counter tube is arranged in a cavity, the dimensions of which are several times larger as the dimension of the combination, while the cavity is entirely or partially through Parts of the test material container is formed and a hydrogen-containing reflector is provided is that the measured material container and / or the cavity at least partially to the outside limited.
Weitere vorteilhafte Au@führungsformen der anordnung bestehen darin, die Kombination Neutronenquelle und Zählrohr innerhalb des Hohlraums weitmöglichst vom Meßgut entfernt anzuordnen, den Meßgutbehälter als Rutzche, Rohr, Schacht oder Bandförderer auszubilden und schließlich den Reflektor gleichzeitig als Abschirmung nach außen hin zu benutzen.Further advantageous embodiments of the arrangement consist in the combination of neutron source and counter tube within the cavity as much as possible to be arranged away from the material to be measured, the material container as a pipe, tube, shaft or Train belt conveyor and finally the reflector at the same time as a shield to be used externally.
Bei der weiteren Ausbildung der Erfindung gemäß Patent ... (Anneldung R 32 955 IXb/421) wurde gefunden, daß es sehr vorteilhaft ist, wenn man das Zählrohr gegenüber den Reflektor mit einem thermische Neutronen absorbierenden Stoff abschirnt.In the further development of the invention according to patent ... (registration R 32 955 IXb / 421) it has been found that it is very advantageous to use the counter tube shields the reflector with a thermal neutron absorbing material.
Verzugsweise verwendet man für die Abschirnung Cadmium, Bor, Gadoliniu8m oder Verbindungen bzw. Legierungen dieser Elemente. Zusätzliche Legierungsbestandteile können beispielsweise Eisen oder Aluminium sein.It is preferable to use cadmium, boron, gadoliniu8m for the shielding or compounds or alloys of these elements. Additional alloy components can for example be iron or aluminum.
Durch die vorliegende Erfindung wird erreicht, @@ß die vom Reflektor unmittelbar auf das Zählrohr reflektierten thermischen Neutronen von der Abschirnung absorbiert und daher nicht von dem Zählrohr registriert werden. Dagegen werden die thermischen Neutronen, welche vom zu messenden Schüttgut reflektiert werden vom Zählrohr erfaßt, weuil die Abschirmung erfindungsgemäß lediglich gegenüber dem Reflektor erfolgt.The present invention achieves that of the reflector Thermal neutrons reflected by the shielding directly onto the counter tube absorbed and therefore not registered by the counter tube will. In contrast, the thermal neutrons, which are reflected by the bulk material to be measured are detected by the counter tube, because the shield according to the invention only opposite the reflector.
Meßtechnisch vermindert sich durch die vorliegende Erfindung die Nullrate erheblich und die Meßrate sowie die Meßempfindlichkeit werden erheblich verbessert. Beispielsweise wurden bei der Bestimmung der Feuchtigkeit in Koks in einer Anordnung der erfindungsgemäen Art mit abgeschirmten Zählrohr bei 0% Feuchtigeit 2.500 Impulse pro Zeiteinheit und bei 3% Feuchtigkeit 3.200 Impulse pro Zeiteinheit gemessen, während die Impul@@ahlen ohne Abschirmung, jedoch bei sonst gleichem Aufbau der Anordnung, 19.500 bzw. 20.500 Impulse pro Zeiteinheit aufwiesen. Durch diesen Vergleich wird die Steigerung der Meßempfindlichkeit besonders deutlich.In terms of measurement technology, the present invention reduces the zero rate considerably and the measuring rate as well as the measuring sensitivity are considerably improved. For example, when determining the moisture in coke in an array of the type according to the invention with a shielded counter tube at 0% humidity 2,500 pulses measured per time unit and at 3% humidity 3,200 impulses per time unit, while the impulses are without shielding, but with the otherwise identical structure of the Arrangement, 19,500 or 20,500 pulses per time unit. Through this comparison the increase in measurement sensitivity becomes particularly clear.
Statt eines üblichen Zählrohres kann man selbstverständlich auch andere Detektoren für thermische Neutronen z.B. Szintillationszähler, Spaltkammern oder Ionisationskammern verwenden. Ferner ist es selbstverständlich möglich, in einer Meßanordnung mehrere Detektoren und/ oder mehrere Neutronenquellen einzusetzen.Instead of a conventional counter tube, you can of course also use other ones Detectors for thermal neutrons e.g. scintillation counters, fission chambers or Use ionization chambers. Furthermore, it is of course possible in a Use measuring arrangement several detectors and / or several neutron sources.
Die Elemente Zählrohr und Neutronenquelle können in einem Abstand von 0 und maximal zweckmäßig 20 Zentimetern angeordnet sein. Der Abstand der Meßkombination oder der einzelnen Elemente vom zu messenden Gut ist abhängig von der Stückgröße des Meßgutes und des zu erfassenden Meßvolumens. Im allgemeinen werden daher die Elemente in einem Abstand zwischen 5 und 20 Zentimetefn vom Meßgut anzuordnen sein.The elements counter tube and neutron source can be at a distance be arranged from 0 and a maximum of 20 centimeters expediently. The distance of the measurement combination or the individual elements of the item to be measured depends on the piece size of the material to be measured and the volume to be measured. In general, therefore, the Elements have to be arranged at a distance of between 5 and 20 centimeters from the material to be measured.
In der Zeichnung wird eine mögliche Ausführung der vorliegenden Erfindung veranschaulicht: Auf der Zeichnung bedeuten 1 das zu messende Schüttgut, 2 das Zählrohr, 3 die Neutronenquelle, 4 den Hohlraum, in welchen die Kombination angeordnet ist und 5 den wasserstoffhaltigen Reflektor. 6 deutet die Abschirmung des Zählrohrs 2 gegenüber den Reflektor 5 an.The drawing shows a possible embodiment of the present invention illustrates: In the drawing, 1 denotes the bulk material to be measured, 2 denotes the counter tube, 3 the neutron source, 4 the cavity in which the combination is arranged and 5 the hydrogen-containing reflector. 6 indicates the shielding of the counter tube 2 opposite the reflector 5.
- Patentansprüche - - patent claims -
Claims (2)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE1962R0032955 DE1231927B (en) | 1962-06-20 | 1962-06-20 | Arrangement for the continuous determination of the humidity of solids by measuring elastically scattered neutrons |
| DER0043494 | 1966-03-26 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE1598962A1 true DE1598962A1 (en) | 1970-10-22 |
Family
ID=25991564
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19641598962 Pending DE1598962A1 (en) | 1962-06-20 | 1964-11-13 | Arrangement for determining the humidity with neutrons |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE1598962A1 (en) |
| NL (1) | NL6704063A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0644300A3 (en) * | 1993-08-18 | 1995-07-12 | Kurt Heim | Floor drying method. |
-
1964
- 1964-11-13 DE DE19641598962 patent/DE1598962A1/en active Pending
-
1967
- 1967-03-17 NL NL6704063A patent/NL6704063A/xx unknown
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0644300A3 (en) * | 1993-08-18 | 1995-07-12 | Kurt Heim | Floor drying method. |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NL6704063A (en) | 1967-09-27 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| DE1598962A1 (en) | Arrangement for determining the humidity with neutrons | |
| DE19711124A1 (en) | Artificial isotope detection using organic scintillator | |
| DE1596750B1 (en) | Use of glasses as a material for the simultaneous dosimetry of X-ray and gamma rays as well as thermal neutrons | |
| Moreh et al. | Precise measurement of attenuation coefficients of γ rays in the 7.5 MeV region | |
| GB1154825A (en) | A method of, and a device for, Determining the Isotope Content of a Uranium Component | |
| DE2248666A1 (en) | MATERIAL FLOW METER | |
| Rossi et al. | Limitations of the concept of linear energy transfer (LET) | |
| Markovic et al. | Measurement of the thermal effective cross section and the effective resonance integral of copper and tantalum using the pile oscillator method | |
| Sawyer et al. | Search for the Reaction T (d, γ) He 5 | |
| GB1124584A (en) | Improvements in or relating to radiographic examinations using neutrons | |
| Broda | Iodine 131 and 133 as Fission Indicators | |
| Larson et al. | Measurement of the neutron total cross section of sodium.[40 keV to 20 MeV] | |
| DE2158953C3 (en) | Geophysical measuring arrangement | |
| AT202659B (en) | Device for detecting neutrons | |
| GB1076589A (en) | Alpha ray excited composition analysis | |
| MEIER | The influence of background compensation in X-ray radiometric logging(Background compensated X ray radiometric logging in nuclear geophysical investigations) | |
| Leipunsky et al. | γ-rays from short-lived fission products of 235U and 239Pu | |
| DE1214330B (en) | Method for determining alpha emitters, such as Pu, which emit x-rays at the same time in the presence of interference radiation | |
| Glover | Photofission in fission chambers | |
| BAZIN et al. | Electron microprobe analysis of highly radioactive materials(Small volume determination of impurities in metallic matrix or radioactive ceramics) | |
| DE1257303B (en) | Device for carrying out a borehole investigation | |
| DD219871A1 (en) | METHOD FOR THE DENSITY-INDEPENDENT RADIOMETRIC SIZE DETERMINATION OF PRECIPITATED SCHUETTGUT | |
| DE1984780U (en) | THICKNESS MEASURING DEVICE ACCORDING TO THE BACK SCATTER | |
| Bi | 1.19 SPECTROSCOPY OF',''Ga BY (d, n) REACTION' | |
| GRIFFITHS et al. | The determination of trace amounts of titanium in lithium fluoride powder by X-ray emission spectroscopy(X ray fluorescence analysis of titanium traces in lithium fluoride powders) |