DE1433299A1 - lubricant - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a lubricant formed by solid particles.

The lubricants according to the invention are characterized in that these particles are spheres which are calibrated so that they all have the same diameter as possible, which is less than 40 microns and preferably less than 8 microns, these spheres preferably being essentially composed of one of the metals of the group Iron, nickel, cobalt, tungsten, aluminum or an alloy like bronze.

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These beads are commercially available., but in uncalibrated condition.

This calibration can be done either by a

Settling in the gaseous phase, e.g. by passing through A safe method of the Walther or Bahco type without secondary air, or by settling in the liquid phase.

G-gfs. can the from certain of the mentioned

Metals are produced by the fact that the corresponding metal carbonyl is decomposed, if such exists.

For example, iron spheres can be produced by using pentacarbonyl iron at a temperature of over 180 ° 0 from a stream of ionized hydrogen can take away, which is indifferent to the pentacarbonyl iron. The decomposition of the pentacarbonyl iron then follows Condensation of the alloy on the condensation nuclei formed by the hydrogen ions. Those under these conditions The resulting spheres are formed by superimposed concentric layers of alloy »The spheres have all roughly the same diameter, making an initial calibration of the beads obtained immediately during their production ^ will* ·

. This first calibration is expedient improved by one of the calibration methods above ».

For the sake of illustration it should be stated that on this Way a powder could be obtained from iron spheres, which were calibrated around two microns and the following composition had*

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Carbon: 0.6 fa

Oxygen: $ 1.0>

Nitrogen: $ 0.5>

Iron: 97.9 ^

The hardness expressed in D.P.H. units

this bead was near 850, that is, significantly higher than that of the hardest steels.

^ he experience has shown that the Globules have remarkable resistance to corrosion.

As a result of the microscopic dimensions of the

The introduction of the lubricant between the friction surfaces to be lubricated often requires special measures. According to the invention, a slurry can be used for this introduction the spheres are used in a volatile liquid, ζ · Β · Alcohol, which evaporates very quickly after being introduced, so that only the beads remain between the surfaces to be lubricated.

Laughing between the rubbing ones!

The amount of lubricant to be introduced is preferably such that that the beads can form a single layer in which they roll while touching each other

In the above, the

lubricants according to the invention only by the defined beads educated.

However, the invention also relates to lubricants which are obtained by the fact that these Beads are incorporated into a binder, which is formed by a preferably liquid or viscous substance

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which has no caustic properties for the beads and has the surfaces rubbing against each other.

The proportions of beads and binder are then preferably such that after the lubricant has been introduced the spheres still form a layer between the surfaces to be lubricated, as described above.

Substances can be selected as binding agents,

which in turn have lubricating properties. These binders, which have to withstand temperature and pressure fluctuations without change can be vegetable, mineral or synthetic Be fats or oils.

The binding agent can also be selected from substances which do not necessarily have greasy properties themselves have, but are notable for other properties, e.g. their resistance to temperature and / or pressure fluctuations, or also through their insensitivity to an aggressive environment, e.g. an ionizing environment »

In this regard, liquids, for example

are listed, which up to temperatures in the order of magnitude of 400 ° are stable and, in addition, are immoderate se liquids can generally from the group of the chlo- ' selected mono-, di- and polyphenylene derivatives, as well as hexachlorinated butadiene end other

Among the binders that are insensitive to ionizing environments, diphenyl ether can be mentioned, for example.

Other possible binders are formed by the silicones and the petroleum.

To explain the above statements, it can be stated that surfaces rubbing against each other in this way

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Cfaen can be lubricated, for example, by petroleum to which beads are added, the composition of petroleum and beads "having remarkable sehmi properties.

The lubricating properties of the composition of petroleum and globules are determined by the graph of the pig

1 illustrates, which shows the values of the currents which are generated when starting a micro-reduction gear of the make SAGEM, $ yρ 1070, which were registered by an electric motor driven at 7750 m above sea level and lubricated in various ways became.

The micro reduction gear runs without lubricant (point A) at 10 mA. When lubricated with petroleum (point B), it also starts with 10 mA, from which it is concluded it can be that the kerosene does not remove the hard points. The device runs when lubricated with special oil (point C) with 5 mA.

When lubricated with an inventive Lubricant, which consists solely of spheres (on

2 micron calibrated carbonyl iron of the above composition) is formed, a starting current of 11 mA is obtained (point D), and the same value is found for a slurry of iron powder in alcohol once the alcohol has evaporated (point E ₁ ). This high value is likely due to the globules clogging the gaps between the teeth of the gears of the micro-reduction gear. The curve 4ι which starts at 1 (2 mA) shows the development of the starting current strength in puncture of time, ie · in puncture of the evaporation of the alcohol.

The point P finally shows the starting current 909812/0854

strength when de lubrication with a slurry of! carbonyl done in Petroleum, as indicated above * This current is 1 mA _f ie "one-fifth that obtained with a conventional oil" These results prove that the presence of! carbonyl in the petroleum the Mixture gives remarkable lubricating properties that petroleum alone does not have. ■ - ■■ -..- _v

Prevented as a result of the presence of the globules the introduction of the lubricants according to the invention between surfaces rubbing against each other run the risk of abrasion and tearing of metal, the action of which is caused by the balls of small balls, which roll with mutual contact between the surfaces to be lubricated and not only prevent any seizure, but also be able to detach seized parts from each other again.

Furthermore, experience has shown that with

constant fine polishing for the lubricants according to the invention of the surfaces rubbing against each other, i.e. one constant improvement of the same, which is a decrease in both the friction temperature as well as wear and tear, with the formation of deep cracks during operation the effect of the stresses is avoided, the quality of the lubricants according to the invention also being achieved Lubrication is constant over time »

To prove this latter point, a certain number of measurements of the frictional moments were made, which occur with a ball bearing, which with usual Lubricants or * lubricated with lubricants according to the invention is"

The results of these measurements are in the 90 98 1 2/0 §54

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Chart the Pig. 2, which shows the course of the Frictional moment £ as a function of time i; represents. The curves I and II of the diagram show the known behavior of a part rotating without lubrication, curve I showing one without any Lubricant running ball bearing and curve II a ball bearing running with a few drops of petroleum cut. The moment of friction after a short period of time (one hour in the experiment under consideration) it increases rapidly, whereupon the plague eating he follows. In the pail of curve III, the ball bearing is with a liquid watchmaker oil lubricated · After starting with a high value, the moment stabilizes quickly to a value of about 0.25 g.cm, which is about double that without lubrication measured moment.However, this moment remains for the entire duration of the test, namely 96 hours, unchanged. Finally, curve IV shows the course of the frictional torque of the ball bearing when it is lubricated a lubricant according to the invention, which is formed by alcohol in which the spheres are slurried The starting friction torque is then 0.08 g.cm. Depending on the evaporation of the alcohol and the even distribution of the Spheres on the work surfaces, the moment decreases quickly, and stabilizes after complete evaporation of the alcohol calibrate the value of the moment to 0.05 g.cm and remain during the The entire duration of the test remains unchanged. The comparison of these results shows that, on the one hand, the frictional torque during lubrication with the lubricant according to the invention a fifth of the

obtained when lubricated with a special liquid watchmaker oil and that, on the other hand, it shows no tendency to gain weight »

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It should be noted that using the

inventive lubricants expediently a treatment of the surfaces rubbing against each other precedes which this one

the further the polish there is, the smaller the diameter the marriage is. The maximum transverse amplitude of the irregularities the laughing rubbing against each other must be smaller than a Third of the diameter of the spheres · Depending on the diameter A mechanical or an electrolytic polishing treatment can be used for the beads. The experience has been good shows that in a mechanical polishing treatment, the grooves produced by this cross and irregular "shapes need to have·

The use of the lubricants according to the invention has made it possible to solve a certain number of lubrication tasks that have not yet found satisfactory solutions could·

This includes, for example, the "use of the invention Lubricants, in particular the spheres alone »for the lubrication of surfaces rubbing against each other, which contact Parts are located at very high or very low temperatures and / or pressing, should work and through for Yerande-

Under these conditions / sensitive materials are formed · Ceramic parts are often used to form such parts Glasses used

It is well known that such materials replace

like ceramic glasses, owing to their remarkable physical properties Properties the usual metals under unusual temperature and pressure conditions, but they have the disadvantage, that they cannot rub against each other without one

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very rapid plague eating with destructive effect occurs.

With the lubricants according to the invention

will not only do the job of lubricating the rubbing Areas of the parts formed by the above materials solved, but it also becomes possible to simplify the technology and the shape of the surfaces of ceramic glass and reduce the fitting tolerances to about 1 micron.

It is also possible to use support bearings, thrust bearings and pivot pins with crank pins and cylindrical or tapered to produce umpff-shaped or spherical cones, which run in corresponding bores, which in turn consist of ceramic glass, the fit with a very low Play of, for example, a large order of 1 micron takes place.

The low fitting tolerance that has become possible in this way also provides effective protection for the lubricating parts achieved against environmental pollution, especially dust, and you get an impeccable one Sealing against liquids and gases under pressure.

In another area, namely that of

Textile industry, the plastics industry and the paper industry, the use of the lubricant formed by the globules made it possible to solve the problem that was caused by the constant There is a risk of the presence of electrostatic charges.

Experience has shown that although

that formed by metal balls, e.g. made of iron or tungsten In the absence of any stress, the lubricant film has dielectric properties which are equivalent to those of mica are, but becomes electrically conductive as soon as one is very self

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low pressure occurs (which can even be considerably smaller than that between the parts rubbing against each other occurs), which enables the discharge of electrostatic charges *

Me like lubricants formed solely by the beads mentioned can also be included Success can be used for the lubrication of parts which are to work in space, and they allow the solution of Tasks that are set by the temperature and pressure conditions prevailing there.

They also make it possible to solve the difficult task of re-entering these parts into the atmosphere due to their insensitivity to the temperature increases that occur here

It can also be an interesting task

the lubrication of parts that are in ionizing

environments
Renden M-fr-fc-irgVir work, especially in the nuclear industry, this task being solved in a simple manner by lubrication by means of a lubricant formed by spheres according to the invention «

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Claims (1)

- 11 claims t - 1 ·) Lubricant formed by solid particles, characterized in that these particles act on a spheres calibrated with a diameter that is as uniform as possible, whose diameter is less than 40 microns and preferably smaller than 8 microns, and which is preferably substantially either by one of the metals of the group iron, nickel, cobalt, Tungsten, aluminum or a bronze alloy, 2 ») lubricant according to claim 1, characterized characterized in that the globules are due to one from the decomposition A metal carbon alloy can be formed. 3 ·) lubricant according to claim 2, characterized characterized in that the spheres are formed by the decomposition of pentacarbonyl iron are made. 4 ·) Lubricant according to claim 1, characterized in that the spheres are incorporated into a binding agent be, which by a preferably liquid. or viscous material is formed which has no corrosive properties for the beads and those rubbing against one another Has surfaces. 5 ·) lubricant according to claim 1, characterized characterized in that the globules are incorporated into a binder which has lubricating properties and an animal, vegetable, mineral or synthetic fat or is oil. 6 «) lubricant according to claim 1, characterized in that that the globules are incorporated into a binding agent, which does not necessarily have lubricating properties, but 909812/0854 is notable for its other properties, namely his Resistance to temperature and / or pressure fluctuations or its insensitivity to certain aggressive ones Agents, e.g. ionizing agents. 7 ·) Lubricant according to claim 1 and 6, characterized in that the spheres are incorporated into a binding agent are, which among the chlorinated mono-, di- * and polyphenyl derivatives, the hexachlorinated butadiene, the diphenyl ether, selected from silicones, petroleum and others. 8.) A method for introducing a lubricant according to claim 1, characterized in that it is between the rubbing surfaces in the form of a slurry the bead is placed in a volatile liquid. 9 ·) Process for the production of a lubricant according to claim 3, characterized in that the decomposition of Pentakarbpnylisen takes place in a stream of ionized hydrogen. 10.) Application of a lubricant according to claim 1 to the lubrication of surfaces rubbing against one another, which are formed by materials, which to work are determined under temperature and pressure conditions that differ greatly from the shape. 11.) Application of a lubricant according to claim 1 and 10 for the lubrication of surfaces rubbing against one another made of ceramic glass 909812/0854