DE1442410C - Use of ion exchangers in powder form to exchange organic ions - Google Patents

Description

3 4

Even since a reversible exchange is still possible, NH ₄ C1 solution is used. The organic solution

where granular exchangers fail or their use agent can be obtained from the regenerate by distillation

would be uneconomical due to insufficient performance. easily recovered and put into circulation

The exchange of inorganic ions or smaller or- In the event of expected contamination

ganic ions, which both with granular and with 5 of the exchanger by organic non-electrolytes,

powdery exchangers in an economical way which cannot be easily reversed,

can be carried out, does not belong to the counter- you will forego a regeneration and

status of the present application. use the cheapest possible powdery exchangers,

Ground ion exchangers can also be used economically according to which especially for such purposes after simple Verdem agitation process, which is practically hardly used in granular exchangers from cheap starting materials, for the removal of only a single use, large ions can be used economically. The experiments with exchangers of different grinds complete exchange of one type of ion requires fineness to show that in the range of the counterion effect or the presence in question here (between 1 and other ions with the same charge, generally 15 100 μ) even with exchangers strongly dissociated application of too large an excess of Aus groups, the grain size an all the greater exchange. When large ions are exchanged, flux has an effect on the exchange rate and, on the other hand, on the content of the solution which normally has the usable capacity, the larger the inorganic ions to be found of the same exchange ion. If the grain is too fine, Na ⁺ , H ⁺ or Qh, SO ₄ - often hardly affect the filtration difficulties caused by clogging the pores of the exchange equilibrium, so that a large amount of the filter layer or the filter cake is here. The Mitver-surplus of the exchanger is not necessary. Turning inert filter aids makes it easier in the

As is well known, filtration becomes the rule when the temperature is increased. In many cases it has also been observed that equilibrium is accelerated. The fact that exchangers, which because of their fineness make it difficult to influence temperature, can practically only be filtered out, after extensive loading with exchangers with weakly dissociated active groups, filter ions of high molecular weight well. In the case of exchangers with strongly dissociated ones. The lower grain size range of the invention groups takes place, the exchange of inorganic ions according to the exchangers used is determined by the form already at room temperature so quickly that the change in the separability from the treated flow is determined by a temperature increase below the usual solution by filtration. The upper grain working does not even make an appearance. Its size is around 100 to 200 μ, i.e. below that, the larger the exchangers used, the lower the grain size of the commercially available ones, the greater the size of the exchangers used in the filter.
to be exchanged are ions. When large quantities of wastewater with a low content of waste water are produced, compared to the exchangers in granular form and large ions, heating the waste water, even compared to powdered activated carbon, will be more uneconomical than the use of one of the following examples,
correspondingly larger amount of exchanger or a. -I ₁
Extension of the exchange time. But if such B e 1 s ρ 1 ell
If the water is hot, the treatment with 40 tests with wastewater from a factory ion exchanger is expediently carried out before the operation
Carry out cooling. At higher temperatures, _{a) the exchangers are used in} granular form
the filter resistance is also lower, so that the filtration can take place more quickly. One such is, irrespective of whether the 1,5-diaminoanthraquinone is produced after stirring or filtering, the running process is carried out, when it is used in powder form with porous basic exchangers, the granular one becomes more granular Not to bypass exchangers. size 0.3 to 1.2 mm in the filter pass-through process

The successful use of ion exchangers tries to decolorize. The exchanger, 50 ml weak not only requires the reversibility of the exchange basic exchanger Lewatit MP 60 or 50 ml processes, but often also the possibility of 5 ° strongly basic exchanger Lewatit MP 500, were in an enrichment of the exchanger during the Chloride form swollen in water and ions absorbed in the regenerate. were installed in glass tubes with a diameter of 20 mm. High molecular weight electrolytes are in The wastewater was slowly (specific loading water in general sparingly soluble. Their solubility 3 to 5) was allowed to run through the filters. After a short time in the regeneration solution, due to the high content, dye appeared in the drain in both filters, the concentration of inorganic electrolytes usually increased rapidly, so that the deterioration, so that an accumulation in the regenerate is impossible after the filter has been exposed and the exchangers had to be broken off because of the large amounts of regenerate, also in powder, which had to be broken off each time with 70 ml of wastewater. This result shows that the wastewater with its granular form can practically only be used once. 60 exchangers, even if they have the same sponge structure.
Ions in the regenerate can, however, be achieved by. _. ,. , ■ ^, c
be that one of the concentrated aqueous rain- ^b > ^{Use of the} exchangers in powder form
adding organic solvents. In the following experiments, the same ab with dyes was used as model impurities through water and the same exchangers, but experiments were carried out to regenerate the powdered exchangers obtained by grinding the dried, loaded exchangers, aqueous-alcoholic salt exchangers in a vibrating mill . acid or sodium hydroxide solution and aqueous-acetone. The exchanger powder was added to the wastewater

Stirring added in small amounts until a sample spread on filter paper was colorless. This was followed by suction. The filtrate, which is still a little colored, was again with the relevant Exchanger moved. After this second precipitation, the waste water was only very weakly colored. at Use of Lewatit MP 60 were initially 10.7 g and for decolorization of 11 wastewater second precipitation still consumed 0.3 g of exchanger. The cost of Lewatit MP 500 was the first Precipitation 7 g, with the second 1 g exchanger.

The tests show that the colored impurities in this waste water are of an anionic nature and are bound to ground anion exchangers, although they are from the same exchangers were practically not absorbed in granular form. The amount of contamination caused by the ground exchanger can be bound is quite considerable, as the following experiment with a shows other but similar wastewater.

11 des in the manufacture of 1-aminoanthraquinone Ground Lewatit MP 60 was added to the waste water until it was spread on filter paper was colorless, a total of 54 g of dry exchanger being consumed. The one with the impurities loaded exchanger had a wet weight of 236 g after suction and was re-weighed drying 104.4 g.

The exchanger had thus absorbed 93.4% of its own weight in wastewater contaminants.

Since such impurities are usually indefinable mixtures of substances unknown composition, the influence of the molecular size and the charge on the To investigate the binding capacity of the exchangers, dyes of a known constitution as to be removed Impurity chosen.

Example 2

For the following experiments, an aqueous solution of eriochromazurol B, a triphenylmethane dye with a molecular weight of 457 (constitution in P. Karrer, Textbook of Organic Chemistry, p. 641) was used, which contained 250 mg of dye and 25 mg of sodium bicarbonate dissolved per liter. The extinction of this solution, measured with filter S 42 E in Elko III, was E ₁ cm =? ^. Strongly basic gel-like (Lewatit M 500) and sponge-like (Lewatit MP 500) polymerization resins as well as a spongy weakly basic exchanger (Lewatit MP 60) and a weakly basic gel-like exchanger (Lewatit MIH), which obtained by condensation of a phenoxyethylated polyethylene polyamine with formaldehyde is used. The dry exchangers were added to the dye solution in powder form with stirring. From time to time samples were taken and the dye content of the solution was determined on the basis of the extinction. For comparison, two tests (tests 1 and 3) were carried out with exchangers of the commercially available grain size of 0.3 to 1.2 mm using the filter pass-through method and one test with finely ground activated carbon as a decolorizing agent. The results obtained are shown in Table 1 below.

Table 1

Type and amount volume Attempt Dye uptake regeneration Eluted of the used the length of time in grams, dye ν ersucn
XT-. Decolorizing agent dye in hours calculated on Applied in% INr. solution 100 g dry Regenerants 20th 50 ml Lewatit M 500 in liters 14th Exchanger in milliliters 1 0.3 to 1.2 mm 5 6.3 100 solution a = 19.7 g dry 64.4 3.5 g Lewatit M 500
ground
50 ml Lewatit MP 500 2 83.6 2 0.3 to 1.2 mm 5 45.5 35.7 50 solution a 3 = 14.2 g dry 40 70.4 100 solution a 1 g Lewatit MP 500 88.1 ground 2 4th 3.5 g Lewatit MIH 5 125 50 solution a 82.9 ground 7th 5 2 g Lewatit MP 60 5 35.7 50 solution b 93.4 ground 0.5 6th 10 g charcoal EKT 5 62.5 50 solution b 1.86 finely ground 2 7th 5 12.1 100 solution a

A comparison of experiments 2 with 1 and 4 with 3 shows the superiority of the powder form over the Grain mark of the exchangers, both in terms of the exchange capacity and the time required as well as in terms of regenerability. If the dye uptake is related to the same exchanger dry weight, so it emerges from the experiments that, for example, in the gel-like Lewatit M 500 with the powder form of the exchanger 5.6 times the amount of dye solution is decolorized in one seventh of the time it takes for the granular form in the continuous process is required.

With the macroporous exchanger Lewatit MP 500, the use in powder form has a great effect cheap. While in experiment 3 for decolorization of 401 dye solution with 50 ml (based on Dry matter 14.2 g) Exchanger of normal grain size required in 45.5 hours through the filter

after experiment 4, the same amount of dye solution can be mixed with 8 g of the same exchanger in powder form can be decolorized in as little as 2 hours.

A comparison of tests 1 with 3 and 2 with 4 impressively shows the superiority of the sponge structure when exchanging large ions, both in the granular and in the powder form of the exchanger.

The table also shows the results which were obtained after the exchangers loaded with dye had been filtered off with suction when they were regenerated on the filter. The regenerant labeled a is an aqueous-acetone NH ₄ C1 solution, which is obtained by mixing a solution of 40 _{parts by weight of NH 4} Cl in 150 parts by volume of water with 100 parts by volume of acetone. The difference between the regenerability of the granular form and that of the powder form in the gel-type exchanger Lewatit M 500 is particularly great (tests 1 and 2).

Experiments 5 and 6 were carried out with the salt form of the weakly basic exchangers Lewatit MIH and Lewatit MP 60 carried out, of which the latter in particular exchanges quickly due to its porous structure and with aqueous acetone sodium hydroxide solution (solution b, consisting of a mixture of 20 Parts by volume of η-sodium hydroxide solution with 30 parts by volume of acetone) is largely regenerated.

As Experiment 7 shows, the decolorizing effect of finely ground activated carbon is significantly worse than that of the ion exchangers in powder form. While after experiment 4 with 1 g Lewatit MP 500 in 2 hours 5 1 of the dye solution could be almost completely decolorized (extinction of the solution E ₁ cm = 0.067), when using Α-carbon the tenfold amount was required, after the same Exposure time an absorbance of 0.3 per cm of solution was measured. The superiority of the ground ion exchangers over activated carbon is not only expressed in the higher capacity, but also in the significantly better regenerability, which enables the decolorizing agent to be reused and, if desired, the eluted substance to be recovered from the regenerated material. In experiment 4, 88% of the dye absorbed by the exchanger was eluted with 50 ml of solution a, while when using Α carbon even with 100 ml of this regenerant only about 2% of the adsorbed dye could be brought back into solution.

The ground ion exchangers can also be used in the continuous filter process, as the following experiment shows. A slurry of 1 g of dry Lewatit MP 500 exchanger ground in chloride form and 2 g of kieselguhr in water was suctioned off onto a round glass frit with a diameter of 30 mm, which was fused into a glass tube with an internal width of 33 mm. A 0.025% strength aqueous solution of eriochromazurol B (E ₁ cm = 7.2) was then slowly sucked through this precoat filter and was completely decolorized as it passed through the filter. After 2.5 liters of solution had been filtered, the first traces of dye appeared in the drain. The filter resistance and the absorbance of the solution gradually increase. After 41 solution had run through and 0.98 g of dye had been taken up, the process was terminated. The filter was regenerated with 50 ml of solution a in 30 minutes, with 90% of the

ίο absorbed dye were eluted. Then dye solution was again sucked through the filter. The first 2.5 l of filtrate, which were obtained in 48 minutes, were again colorless. After 4.5 l of dye solution had passed through, the extinction of the solution running off had risen to 1.27 per centimeter. The exchanger had absorbed 1.08 g of dye and was again _{regenerated with 50 ml of the aqueous-acetone NH 4} C1 solution, with 98.8% of the dye absorbed during the second loading.

ao substance were eluted.

Example 3

Trials with brilliant pure blue 8 G extra (color index 42700)

In this example, a significantly larger dye molecule, a sulfated tri-s-naphthylamino-triphenylmethane dye with a molecular weight of 822, was used as a model impurity. In 0.025% ^er ig solution was 59 E an absorbance of 18.9 measured by filter S per centimeter. The aqueous dye solution was passed through a filter with a specific load of 10, which contained 50 ml of the porous, strongly basic exchanger Lewatit MP 500 of the commercially available grain size. After the water in the filter had been displaced, the runoff already contained dye, whereupon the specific load was reduced to 2.4. However, this measure could not prevent the dye content of the process from increasing rapidly, so that the experiment was terminated after 100 ml of solution had passed through.

The solution of this dye behaves similarly to the colored process water from Example 1. The dye molecule is apparently too large to be absorbed by the porous, granular exchanger as it passes through the filter. In contrast, 1 liter of the dye solution was completely decolorized with 5 g of ground Lewatit MP 500 or with 6 g of Lewatit MP 60 in powder form, both used in salt form. The exchange of this large dye anion is greatly accelerated by increasing the temperature. The decoloring, which with 6 g of the ground exchanger Lewatit MP is obtained at 20 ⁰ C 60, can already be achieved with the same Ig at 70 ° C as a comparison of the results summarized in the table below shows results.

table

Deployed
Exchanger Deployed
0.025 "/" ige
Dye solution Attempt
temperature Starting
solution Absorbance of the dye solution
after
1 hour 12 hours 13 hours 0.85
0.32 0.211
0.126 4 hours 6g
ig 1 liter
1 liter 20 ° C
70 ° C 19.4
19.4 1.54
1.03 colorless
colorless

209 527/493

ίο

If the amount of exchanger is increased at 70 ° C., 1 liter of the dye solution is decolorized after the following exposure time:

table 3 Inserted exchanger Duration of discoloration ig
1.5 g
3g
5g 4 hours
1 hour
8 minutes
3 minutes

The decoloring, are to which at 2O ⁰ C and 6 g exchanger 4 hours is required is achieved at 70 ⁰ C with 5 g exchanger in 3 minutes.

Example 4

For the experiments described in this example, Astrablau 3 R, a water-soluble basic one Triphenylmethane dye used, in which the cation is the carrier of the color. This dye (molecular weight 446) can only be bound to cation exchangers through ion exchange. In the following Table 4 summarizes the results of discoloration tests which were obtained with Lewatit S 100, a gel-like, sulfonated styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer, and also with Lewatit SP 100, a macroporous exchanger, which differs from the the former differs and finally with a porous weakly acidic exchanger (Lewatit CA 9132) made from crosslinked polyacrylic acid. The results of filter run tests are also provided for comparison with the cation exchangers Lewatit S 100 and Lewatit SP 100 commercial grain size listed as well as a decolorization test with finely ground activated carbon.

A comparison of experiments 1 and 2 shows that with 3 g of the ground gel-like exchanger Lewatit S 100 in the stirring experiment 11 dye solution (0.02%) can be decolorized, although practically no dye is absorbed by the granular exchanger in the continuous filter process. At 68 ⁰ C (Experiment 3), the decolorization in a five tenth of the time which is required at 22 ° C.
The porous exchanger used for experiment 4

ίο takes in granular form as opposed to gel-like Exchanger from experiment 1 due to its macroporous structure on dye cations. This structurally The conditional increase in performance also comes into play with the powdery exchanger, as a comparison of experiment 5 with experiment 2 shows.

The advantage of the powder form (experiment 5) over the grain mark (experiment 4) comes in the respective amount of dye absorbed by 100 g of exchanger (dry weight). From the exchanger of the commercially available grains 6.9 g of dye are absorbed in 10.5 hours, while the ground exchanger takes up 74.6 g of dye in 3 hours.

As can be seen from Experiment 6, the dye cation is also weak on porous exchangers acidic groups (cross-linked polyacrylic acid) bound by ion exchange. The dry milled one Exchanger was in the salt form.

Finely ground activated carbon has a higher value than the cationic triphenylmethane dye Capacity than opposite the anionic (Eriochromazurol B). The absorbed dye is of methanolic hydrochloric acid (40 ml methanol + 10 ml concentrated hydrochloric acid) also partially eluted, however significantly less than with ground ion exchangers.

Table 4

Type and amount Volume and E 1 cm Attempt Absorbance dye
admission In the
regeneration attempt of the exchanger used Absorbance of 22.6 length of time at calculated eluted No. Dye solution termination on 100 g dye 50 ml Lewatit S 100, 51 minutes Attempt dry
Exchanger in% of
recorded 1 0.3 to 1.2 mm 113 ml 1.83 0.089 g = 24.6 g dry; 60 minutes specific 133 ml 22.6 5.87 Load 2.5 3 g Lewatit S 100 8 hours 2 dry, ground 1000 ml 22.6 0.21 6.6 g nearly Temperature 22 ⁰ C. 100% 3 g Lewatit S 100 20 minutes 3 dry, ground 1000 ml 25th 0.35 Temperature 68 ° C 50 ml Lewatit SP 100, 10.5 hours 4th 0.3 to 1.2 mm 6000 ml 0.187 6.9 g = 17.3 g dry; specific 125 Load 11.4 2 g Lewatit SP 100, 125 3 hours 5 Powder form 1500 ml 0.136 74.6 g 90.6% 2 g Lewatit CA 9132, 0.1% g 125 5.5 hours 6th Powder form 1250 ml 0.914 62.0 g 99.0% 3 g charcoal EKT 2 hours 7th finely ground 500 ml 0.135 16.3 g 37.4%

Example 5

Experiments with rhodulin blue 6 G, mol 363.5
(Color Index 42025)

The following experiment with Lewatit SP 100 in powder form was carried out using the through-filter method. A glass frit, on which 1 g of kieselguhr was deposited, was melted into a glass tube with a clearance of 30 mm as a filter base. A mixture of 2 g Lewatit SP 100 and 2 g kieselguhr was on top. The height of the filter layer was 15 mm. Through this filter 1.5, l ° / ^s oig aqueous solution were sucked 6 G of Astrarhodulinblau to 2 1 a O. The exchanger was then regenerated on the filter with 50 ml of methanolic hydrochloric acid (10 parts by volume of concentrated hydrochloric acid + 25 parts by volume of methanol + 5 parts by volume of water). Since the exchanger released about 10% less dye to the regenerate than it had absorbed from the dye solution, 15 working examples were carried out successively with the same filter. An irreversible dye binding in the exchanger should have resulted in a decrease in its performance. However, this did not occur. The exchanger was never completely regenerated under the regeneration conditions used; In the course of the further filter examples, however, it gave on average the same amount of dye to the regenerate as it had absorbed from the dye solution. The filter drain was practically colorless after the 2nd, 4th, 6th, 7th, 8th and 10th exposure to 1.5 l of dye solution. With the 13th load, even 2 liters of the solution were completely decolorized. In the other filter games, the process was mostly weak towards the end of the loading, and in two cases it was a little more strongly colored. A good filter performance assumes that the filter is flown through evenly over the entire cross-section and that the filtration does not take place too quickly. With increasing load, the filter resistance increases, and consequently the flow rate of the solution decreases with the same negative pressure. Good discoloration was achieved with throughput times of ΐγ ₂ to 2 ¹ I ₂ hours for 1.5 1 dye solution. When loading 13 with 21 dye solution, the loading time was A ¹ I ₂ hours. A total of 23.5 l of dye solution had been decolorized in the 15 loads, with 23.5 g of dye being exchanged from the 2 g exchanger used in the course of these ίο 15 work cycles.

Example 6

In this example, a disazo dye was used as a model impurity, which is characterized by kuppein is obtained from 2 moles of 2-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic acid with tetrazotized dichlorobenzidine and a Has molecular weight of 867. For decolorization solutions of this dye were used for comparison

1. a macroporous, strongly basic exchanger of the commercially available grain size,

2. the same exchanger in powder form and

3. finely ground activated carbon.

The decolorizing agents were suspended in 11% dye solution with constant stirring. At certain time intervals, the absorbance of the solution determined on samples taken with filter S 53 E. The measured values are shown in Table 5 below compiled, from which the amounts of decolorizing agent used and the concentration of the Dye solution can be found.

The last vertical column contains the amounts of dye which under the test conditions of 100 g of decolorizing agent in the course of one hour from a corresponding volume of the dye solution be included.

table

Deployed
Decolorizing agent Dye-
Salary of
solution Extin
Out
gangly ction per Z
30th sntimeter F
n / A
60 dissolvable
ch
120 mg
180 Dye uptake
per 100 g
Decolorizing agent
(dry) solution Minutes Minutes Minutes Minutes after 1 hour 34.2 g Lewatit MP 500 0.01 o / o 5.33 3.67 3.18 2.25 0.29 g wet 0.3 to 1.2 mm = 15 g dry 1.0 g Lewatit MP 500 0.05% 26.65 4.31 2.26 0.91 0.053 45.8 g dry, <33 μ 10.0 g activated carbon EKT 0.05% 26.65 9.85 8.25 6.62 5.38 3.45 g finely ground 15.0 g activated carbon EKT 0.05% 26.65 3.63 2.23 1.15 0.645 3.06 g finely ground

The table shows that the commercially available grain exchanger, although macroporous, is completely unsuitable as a decolorizing agent. From 228 g swollen exchanger, which 100 g dry correspond to, only 0.29 g of dye are absorbed in the course of an hour. The same exchanger in powder form, however, 45.8 g, i.e. 158 times the amount of this dye, binds in the same time. After 3 hours only an absorbance of 0.053 was measured, and after 4 hours the solution was completely discolored.

In order to achieve a similar discoloration effect with activated carbon, 15 times the amount by weight must be used be applied. Complete discoloration was observed after an exposure time of 6 hours achieved. While powdered activated carbon in its decolorization effect in the present case the exchanger is far superior in granular form, it is of

far surpassed the exchanger in powder form.

Example 7

The coupling product of diazotized aniline with 2-naphthol-6-sulfonic acid, a monoazo dye of much smaller molecular weight (328 moles) is used. 11 each of a 0.2% strength aqueous dye solution which, with filter S 49 E, has an extinction of 110

per cm was found in test 1 with 10 g of swollen Lewatit MP 500 with a grain size of 0.3 to 1.2 mm (4.39 g dry weight), in experiment 2 with 1.5 g of the same exchanger in powder form (<33 μ.) and stirred in experiment 3 with 7.5 g of finely ground activated carbon. Taken from the extinction Samples were used to determine the effect of the coloring. In addition to the measured values, Table 6 also shows the dye uptake after one hour, calculated ίο on 100 g of the dry decolorizing agent, is listed.

V ₂ hours Extinct
1 hour on of 1 he
2 hours ο the solution
5 hours table 6th Dye build
100 g of the Entfi
after 1 hour taking of
exercise means
after 24 hours attempt
No. 94.5
8.34
9.42 85.5
4.85
6.34 74.75
3.4
4.6 53.5
2.75
2.73 g after
8 hours 24 hours 10.14 g
127.4 g
25.13 g 43 g
130 g
26.3 g 1
2
3 41
2.18
1.99 6.35
2.08
1.42

From these numerical values it can be seen that the

Exchanger in granular form against the powder brands by suction on glass frit filter of

exchanged very slowly, but separated in the course of the length of the solution and then with 50 ml of a

After exposure to this, considerable quantities of the dye-aqueous salt solution, which contain 8% NaCl and 1% NaOH

Of a molecular weight of 328. contains, regenerated.

The regenerates contained the following amounts of dye in% of the dye load:

Trial 1.20.4%

Trial 2 56.3%

Trial 3 0.9%

In experiment 2, a further 50 ml of the above 35 was applied, so that a total of 93% of the amount absorbed

Saline regenerated, eluting an additional 13.45% dye-dye. Also in experiment 3 was

were eluted. In a third regeneration, regeneration with methanolic hydrochloric acid

with 50 ml of methanolic hydrochloric acid (100 ml concentrated, but only 0.18% dye in solution

trated hydrochloric acid + 400 ml methanol + 50 ml water) went,
23.3% of the dye were still in solution

Claims (5)

1 2 solution is suspended, or this is through a patent claims: float filter sucked or pressed, which the ion exchange powder as a filter material, given 1. Use of ion exchange resins if mixed with inert filter materials. Ever Powder form as a solid phase in the process of 5 after the charging of the ions to be removed Exchange of large ions of at least 25 to cation or anion exchangers used. 30 atoms, especially of ions of organic »large ions« or »ions of high molecular weight Dyes. weight «, which results from solutions according to this working method 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized can be removed, are in particular organic is characterized in that the ion exchange with stirring to ions that are composed of at least 25 to 30 atoms suspension of the exchanger in the solution are through, z. B. the ions of organic dyes,
to be led. 'Furthermore, it was found that the exchange in this 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the method of operation is not referred to specific exchangers, that the ion exchange is limited during the, so both with exchangers on the Passage of the solution through the on a filter 15 based on polycondensation products as well as with Alluvial ion exchanger takes place. those made from crosslinked polymerization resins 4. The method according to claims 1 to 3, there can be done that but also in the application characterized in that the ion exchange when the exchangers in powder form are made with large pores higher temperature is carried out. Exchangers and especially those with sponge 5. The method according to claims 1 to 4, that 20 structure are much more powerful than the money through characterized in that the shaped for regeneration. The aqueous electrolyte used in the exchanger is preferably ground macroporous solution organic solvents are added, ion exchangers are used, d. H. Ion exchanger in which organic ions are more soluble than those based on macroporous styrene-divinyl water. _ 25 benzene resins. Such macroporous resins with internal surfaces are obtained, for example, by polymerization of styrene and divinylbenzene in one Ion exchangers are used to remove interfering organic liquids (e.g. heptane) that contain the monoions to remove from solutions to dissolve valuable ions meren, but the polymer neither dissolves nor to enrich and gain or to find solutions (with 30 swells. a combination of cation exchangers in ■ In model tests with known textile dye acid and anion exchangers in base form) it was found that even large dye desalination. If inorganic ions or organic material ions with several ion charges in the molecule are to be exchanged for ions with a low molecular weight after they have been absorbed by the powdery one, gel-type ion exchangers can also be used for this purpose. In the desalination of can, so that the exchanger can be used repeatedly for the waters containing humic acid with gel-like purpose,
In the case of ion exchangers, however, difficulties arise. Compared to activated carbon powder, which often occurs to, since this higher molecular organic electrodecoloration of solutions is used, Iyte is either not exchanged or after ion exchange powder is only incomplete due to higher performance and subsequent exchange during regeneration their regenerability, which, if desired, are constantly eluted, so that they also hinder the recovery of the electrolytes of higher molar accumulations in the exchanger and finally also the exchange of the kular weight from the regenerated inorganic ions. This difficulty makes it possible. It is known that ground ion exchangers can be milled and, in particular, exchangers with sponge turns for the preparation of steam condensates for structure can be eliminated through the development of wide-pore exchangers. reuse as boiler feed water. In addition to the treatment of process water, this work is known as the Powdex process, and the purification of waste water is becoming increasingly important as mixtures of cations and anions. The waste exchangers with a grain size of around 50 μ occurring in industrial plants often contain substances that are not used on pre-filter material in precoat filters. May be handed in at the floodlight. Since these impurities are usually electrolytes, traces of electrolytes pass through this filter layer from the condensation cleaning, which suggests that ion exchangers should also be used to clean waste water on ingress of raw water as a result of condenser water. 55 leakage can be attributed, as well as colloidal Now it has been shown that strongly colored wastewater, contamination by iron, copper and silica soft z. B. acid in the manufacture of textile dyes. This process is described in the communications of and from certain organic intermediate products to VGB, H. 92 of October 64, p. 341, fall, even from wide-pore ion exchangers or from the use of ion exchanger mixtures of those with a sponge structure not discolored ⁶ ° in Powder form for the desalination of condensate could be. It has now been found that ions which, due to their size, are not derived from granular ion exchangers due to the removal or extraction of organic ions due to their high molecular weight. The usual continuous filter process is not included. The process of the present application is also available, with the aid of exchangers from solutions which cannot be removed in competition with the use of the exchangers if the exchangers are in powder in granular form such as the Powdex process in the case of the form come into use. The finely ground condensate desalination. Rather, it expands the on-exchanger to be either in the area of application of ion exchangers to be treated, insofar as it is