DE1228981B - Rollable fiber body made of glass fibers - Google Patents

Description

FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY

GERMAN

PATENT OFFICE

EDITORIAL

Int. CL:

C04b

German class: 80 b -9/03

Number: 1 228 981

File number: Sch 30542 VI b / 80 b

Filing date: November 6, 1961

Opening day: November 17, 1966

There are known fleeces or mats made of textile natural or synthetic materials, which are characterized by a very high uniformity. The uniformity, measured across the width, is approximately + 5 ^e / o and below in such nonwovens. It is also known that these nonwovens have only a low tensile strength. Mats differ from nonwovens in the volume of the fiber structure, in which nonwovens with a thickness of around 0.1 to 2.0 mm are calculated, whereas mats only start at around 2 mm and can reach thicknesses of up to 100 mm.

Nonwovens from the glass fiber industry are made of monofilament Staple fibers and mats made from multifilament glass fiber bundles are known, which are bound by a binder and have different tensile strength values.

The staple fiber manufacturing processes previously used in the fiber optic industry lead too much different stack lengths. When using the nozzle blowing method ζ. B. one arrives at staple fiber lengths from 70 to 200 mm. The use of rotating muffles or the like, however, results in a Staple fiber which is much shorter and generally does not exceed 60 mm. The known and because of the achievement of very uniform fiber diameters, so-called "rod pulling processes" are widely used, in which the generated by means of a drum rotating at high speed Threads drawn off and drawn out and before reaching a single looping through a stripper are lifted from the drum circumference and cut into pieces of fiber, provides staple fibers from very great irregular length. Although it was hardly less than the smallest length of 250 mm the greatest length can be 2 to 3 m, i.e. i.e., the staple fibers produced by this process have a very large spread in terms of their length. That means that from monofilament Staple fibers produced by the bar peeling process have the disadvantage that despite highest strength the uniformity known from textile nonwovens in terms of fiber distribution is not reached across the entire width.

In addition, it is also noticeable disadvantageously with the previously mentioned glass fiber fleeces, that they tend to have a strong "rune formation". This is, as it turned out, by inconsistent Fiber lengths and unoriented filing of the fibers are favored.

Such runes are present in the fleece immediately after completion, but are not visible. Selectable rollable Fiber body made from glass fibers

Applicant:

Werner Hugo Wilhelm Schuller,

Grünwald near Munich, Dr.-Kurt-Huber-Str. 14th

Named as inventor:
Werner Hugo Wilhelm Schuller,
Grünwald near Munich;
Wolfgang Schuller, Wertheim / M.

You can only do this with new fleece by carefully bending the fleece in your hand through 180 ° become visible, they can already be recognized by such deposited fleeces. About this apparition especially tend nonwovens that are equipped with an inelastic binder or a binder with a lower elasticity are. Runes are formed especially with fleeces over 0.8 mm and here predominantly in the Transverse direction, since during the winding process the fleece is rolled in the transverse direction and thereby gives shape is treated.

From all of this it follows that the production of thin nonwovens of the thickness specified in paragraph 1 then with There are considerable difficulties associated with striving for a high quality product under "high quality" a particularly even distribution of the fibers over the entire area Area of the nonwoven web to be produced from the fibers, whose thickness is the same at all points and one sufficient tensile strength is understood. The more evenly the fibers of the same length in the fiber body are distributed, the more evenly the distribution of the fibers between the fibers in the fleece Capillary spaces or the so-called porosity, which are necessary for the further processing of the nonwovens and the like Fiber body is of great importance. Since this further processing is almost always done in the way is that the fleeces are embedded in protective or plastics, is the result of The ability to absorb and impregnate the capillary spaces between the fibers is of the utmost importance. However, this uniformity of the fiber distribution must be achieved with a view to the practice of further processing There is still sufficient strength, because the nonwovens are often used in further processing be performed by tensile and / or compressive forces on these exerting machines, z. B. high-speed Coating machines have to pass

609 727/397

and often with the application of force through viscous, low-viscosity coating or impregnating liquids or masses are drawn. But even if this is not the case, but the Nonwovens are sprayed with the impregnation liquid, the fiber body must have a strength, which withstands the pull on the body, which has become heavier due to the impregnation.

The purpose of the invention is to retain the advantages of a web produced by the bar peeling process, without taking on their known disadvantages.

Since now that pulling the threads with a drum and fibers different, but proportionate So-called bar peeling process producing long lengths of glass fiber fleeces with excess Provides tensile strength, the invention is based on the idea of long and in a fiber body to process short staple fibers together and to build up a fiber body in which part of the Fibers to achieve the required tensile strength is used, while the other part of the fibers the desired Uniformity and a structural change to the known in terms of cross-section Provides fleece, so that an optimal uniformity is achieved with sufficient tensile strength will. Thus, the invention makes use of the fact that the bar draw-down process which produces long staple fibers Nonwovens and the like provides high strength fiber bodies, which in any case with regard to their Further processing is to be obtained. However, to increase the porosity and elongation and also to possibly a somewhat more voluminous one while maintaining the strength and improving the absorbency To be able to produce fleece, she teaches layers of long fibers of irregular length with layers to combine short fibers of the same or almost the same staple length.

Accordingly, the invention relates to a rollable fiber body made of glass fibers and a binder, the is characterized by a layer structure with at least one predominantly longer and one layer consisting predominantly of shorter fibers of the same or predominantly the same staple length, The binder is evenly distributed over the cross-section.

Since the bar draw process produces fibers of unequal length, it has of course been known to use nonwovens and thus to produce rollable fiber bodies that are relatively long and, in contrast, a great deal contain shorter fibers in cross-section. It was also known to increase the tensile strength of bundles or strands of glass thread or fibers spaced on the surface of the web (German Patent specification 977409) or within the fiber body (German patent specification 706 164). In contrast, in the production of a fiber body according to the invention, the strength on the one hand and the porosity on the other hand through the matching of the fiber lengths in separate layers produced and dispensed with special, strength-increasing additional reinforcing agents, especially since these have the disadvantage of strengthening the distribution structure of the fibers, which ensures good porosity.

Finally, mats or fabrics are known that are used to coat the surface with fleeces or Foils were laminated. In contrast to the fiber bodies according to the invention, this is a body which is inconsistent in terms of the homogeneity of the end product and which is made up of already prefabricated layers is made. Such mats or fabrics do not meet the requirements of the fiber body according to the invention in terms of uniform pore volume and homogeneous Construction.

In an embodiment of the invention as shown in FIG. 1 is illustrated initially being a very

ίο thin layer 1 of z. B. 0.02 to 02 mm thickness of very long staple fibers built up as a base layer, with none on their uniform length Consideration must be given. A fleece layer 2 is distributed over the width of the layer 1 applied, the thickness of which should be at least 0.2 mm and off to a predetermined stack length consists of about 50 to 150 mm cut staple fibers. On this layer is one of the first layer same or similar layer 3 same or similar thickness with very long staple fibers applied. The entire "three-layer" fiber body is then usually equipped with binding agent, dried and wound up.

The layers or plies 1, 2 and 3 which make up the fiber body according to the invention are conditional due to the way the whole body is manufactured and due to the fibrous structure of each Layers, a uniform body, the layer structure of which after production also applies to bending or Roles no longer appears. In the drawing, of course, to be regarded as very schematic and whose scale is distorted with regard to a clear presentation, this should Fact by the overhangs of the hatching, e.g.

at 4 in FIG. 1, to be clarified.

The possible variations within the scope of the invention result primarily from the purpose or intended use. For example, in the case of a fiber body according to Fig. 2, the Intermediate layer 5 made of irregularly long fibers provides the strength and the top and bottom layers 6 or 7 from fibers of the same length, which are short in relation to this, give the uniformity. For other purposes, in turn, two-layer fiber bodies with a base 8 of predominantly long and a cover layer 9 of predominantly short fibers are sufficient (Fig. 3). Likewise, like F i g. 4 shows that, in the case of fiber bodies with more than two layers, the cover layers 10 and 11 are different Have thickness. After all, you can use not just waste fibers for the short fiber layer, but optionally also a mixture with other cheap mineral fibers, e.g. B. from slag or the like. insert.

A built-up example according to Figs. 1 to 4 of layers, after its production, however, not laminated, but rather uniform fiber bodies; owns those properties of a very high tensile strength nonwoven fabric resulting from irregular long fibers and due to the uniformly short fibers, great absorbency.

In addition, the "layered structure" creates the slope of the fleece, strong runes in the transverse direction to form, significantly reduced by the fact that the staple fibers of the "individual layers" are different Have lengths, and therefore fiber endpoints that are adjacent to one another at random will not so easily come to one another connect to a cross rune. If this occurs however

anyway, the proportion of short fibers ensures a smaller distance between the cross rune and thus for a much weaker expression.

The advantages of a fiber body constructed in this way are manifold with regard to the intended use. You can z. B. for the production of anti-corrosion bandages, glass fleece roofing membranes, etc. use, since fiber bodies are also required here, the fibers of which are very uniform across the width are distributed and which also have the necessary tensile strength so that they are coated with bitumen, Tar or pitch on the roofing felt machine or on the steel pipe winding machine on them withstand acting forces. The high uniformity of the fiber body in cross section results a more even suction capacity for bituminous masses, which is especially important for the raw glass fleece processed steel pipe bandage is very important. Any voltages that may arise can be reflected in better balance the relatively short-fiber middle fiber structure.

At the highest winding speeds, the fiber body must be porous, but also extremely uniform so that the bitumen applied at the same time with the wrapping machine through quickly and evenly the fiber body penetrates to the next layer, which usually consists of a so-called outer wrap, i.e. a bituminized glass fleece with the bitumen that has seeped through the substrate to glue this.

The same applies to processing with any plastics, e.g. coating a Fiber bodies on coating machines or spray machines, for the production of transparent Lampshades or other decorative and structural components. Here, too, the highest demands are made the uniformity of the fiber structure is made, so that in the light shining through the insert by occurrence from light and dark areas (thickening in the fiber body) does not appear unsightly. as well often requires the manufacture of opaque films for any purpose very even fiber structure, because this keeps the resin absorption constant and more even is, because with uniform strength of the fiber body and uniform absorbency over it Width also inevitably results in a very even distribution of the plastic in the end product.

The fact that fibers of shorter staple lengths can be used, such fiber bodies can be produced cheaply and efficiently. A cheaper result also results from the fact that glass fiber fleeces from short staple fibers that previously did not have the necessary strength, this only through the Could get the addition of reinforcing materials that make them more expensive. These reinforcement materials but had the disadvantage that they could only increase the tensile forces in one direction and with respect to Porosity, uniformity and elongation were detrimental, i.e. H. inhomogeneous nonwovens delivered.

Another property of the glass fiber fleeces produced up to now are elongation values that are not 2% exceed. Since more flexible glass fleeces are often required for special areas of application, Here there is the possibility of higher elongation fiber bodies due to the shorter staple fiber length on average to manufacture.

Often fleeces or mats are required, which are relatively large with a low weight Volume should have, and here, too, the teaching according to the invention gives the possibility without loss to vary the volume-to-weight ratio at will in terms of strength. "Large volume" should be not primarily as much as "thick mat", but as much as "more body" within the for Nonwovens and similar fiber bodies mean known limits. Finally, the layered structure allows also an intermediate impregnation or coating with corrosion protection or plastics, yes even the sprinkling of a corresponding powder or granulate between the layers, which is only done with the following Heating in the oven softens and the fiber structure penetrates.

The conventional and are suitable for the latter type of treatment with a binding or impregnating agent known nonwovens, because the fiber structure is too porous, so that a large part of the powdery Unused binder trickles through the fleece. This disadvantage is also in an inventive Fixed fiber body with a middle short fiber layer, as the amount of fiber is denser here lies and thus absorbs the powdery binder.

A further improvement over previously known nonwovens can be achieved by according to FIG. 5, which shows an overview of a fiber body according to the invention with from right to left successively raised layers shows the predominant fiber direction of the predominantly longer ones Layers consisting of staple fibers in a manner known per se (e.g. German patent specification 706 164) at an angle to each other, such that the fibers of one layer 12 predominantly in the longitudinal direction of the fiber body, while those of the other layer 13 are predominantly transverse to the longitudinal extent of the fiber body are arranged.

The invention finally allows the strength, but above all the porosity and thus the absorbency of a fiber body in that position in the To bring cross-section where it is necessary with regard to the intended use of the end product or the type the production of the same is particularly useful. So it is e.g. in the production of a body, whose fiber carrier is impregnated with a relatively thin and less viscous mass and in which possible detachment of individual fibers on the surfaces is not felt too annoying, on the other hand, emphasis is placed on a firm insert inside, be appropriate to the body accordingly Fig. 2 build up, while in the impregnation with a more viscous mass it is important, especially in the middle of the fiber body a good porosity to accommodate the impregnating mass to have. The structure then in question, e.g. according to Fig. 1 also has the advantage that the longer fibers of uneven length existing cover layers during the dipping or coating process makes the detachment of individual fibers from the surfaces less likely.

Claims (4)

Patent claims: 1. Rollable fiber body made of glass fibers and a binder, characterized by a layer structure with at least one predominantly longer and one predominantly from shorter fibers of the same or predominantly the same staple length existing layer over their Cross-section of the binder is evenly distributed. 2. Rollable fiber body according to claim 1, characterized in that the short-fiber Layer is arranged between two long fiber layers. 3. Rollable fiber body according to claim 1, characterized in that the long fiber layer is arranged between two short fiber layers and is thinner than the short fiber layer. 4. Rollable fiber body according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the middle The length of the fibers of the long fiber layer is from 250 to 1250 mm and the set staple length for the short fiber layer is between 50 and 150 mm. Considered publications:
German patent specifications No. 511455, 639 505,
ίο 706164; Austrian patent specification No. 187 640. 1 sheet of drawings