DE1212841B - Process for the chemical production of spheres from refractory materials that are difficult to clump together - Google Patents
Process for the chemical production of spheres from refractory materials that are difficult to clump togetherInfo
- Publication number
- DE1212841B DE1212841B DES91872A DES0091872A DE1212841B DE 1212841 B DE1212841 B DE 1212841B DE S91872 A DES91872 A DE S91872A DE S0091872 A DES0091872 A DE S0091872A DE 1212841 B DE1212841 B DE 1212841B
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- solution
- spheres
- compounds
- balls
- thorium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 21
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 title claims description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title description 6
- 238000012824 chemical production Methods 0.000 title 1
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 232Th Chemical compound [232Th] ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052776 Thorium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910003452 thorium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- WZECUPJJEIXUKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[U+6] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[U+6] WZECUPJJEIXUKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000439 uranium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052778 Plutonium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- OYEHPCDNVJXUIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N plutonium atom Chemical compound [Pu] OYEHPCDNVJXUIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 5
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical class [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- DNYWZCXLKNTFFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium Chemical compound [U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U] DNYWZCXLKNTFFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003671 uranium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium(0) Chemical compound [U] JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- ZCUFMDLYAMJYST-UHFFFAOYSA-N thorium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Th]=O ZCUFMDLYAMJYST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SFKTYEXKZXBQRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-J thorium(4+);tetrahydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Th+4] SFKTYEXKZXBQRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 4
- 125000005289 uranyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 229910004369 ThO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001224 Uranium Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 thorium carbides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxylamine Chemical compound ON AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004992 fission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000155 isotopic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010297 mechanical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005226 mechanical processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012857 radioactive material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- HPICRATUQFHULE-UHFFFAOYSA-J uranium(4+);tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[U](Cl)(Cl)Cl HPICRATUQFHULE-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 229910002007 uranyl nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2/00—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic
- B01J2/02—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic by dividing the liquid material into drops, e.g. by spraying, and solidifying the drops
- B01J2/06—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic by dividing the liquid material into drops, e.g. by spraying, and solidifying the drops in a liquid medium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2/00—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic
- B01J2/02—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic by dividing the liquid material into drops, e.g. by spraying, and solidifying the drops
- B01J2/06—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic by dividing the liquid material into drops, e.g. by spraying, and solidifying the drops in a liquid medium
- B01J2/08—Gelation of a colloidal solution
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/06—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group B01J20/04
- B01J20/08—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group B01J20/04 comprising aluminium oxide or hydroxide; comprising bauxite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/90—Carbides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/90—Carbides
- C01B32/914—Carbides of single elements
- C01B32/928—Carbides of actinides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
- C01F15/00—Compounds of thorium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G43/00—Compounds of uranium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G43/00—Compounds of uranium
- C01G43/01—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C01G43/025—Uranium dioxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/28—Slip casting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/30—Drying methods
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/51—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on compounds of actinides
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C3/00—Reactor fuel elements and their assemblies; Selection of substances for use as reactor fuel elements
- G21C3/42—Selection of substances for use as reactor fuel
- G21C3/58—Solid reactor fuel Pellets made of fissile material
- G21C3/62—Ceramic fuel
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C3/00—Reactor fuel elements and their assemblies; Selection of substances for use as reactor fuel elements
- G21C3/42—Selection of substances for use as reactor fuel
- G21C3/58—Solid reactor fuel Pellets made of fissile material
- G21C3/62—Ceramic fuel
- G21C3/623—Oxide fuels
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/30—Particle morphology extending in three dimensions
- C01P2004/32—Spheres
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
Description
Verfahren zur Herstellung von Kugeln aus schwer zusammenballenden, feuerfesten Materialien auf chemischem Weg Die Erfindung hat ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Kugeln aus Uranoxyd, Thoriumoxyd oder einem Gemisch dieser Oxyde zum Gegenstand.Process for the production of balls from hard-to-clump, Chemical Resistant Refractories The invention has a method of making of balls made of uranium oxide, thorium oxide or a mixture of these oxides.
Es ist bekannt, daß man Thoriumoxydkugeln nach der »Sol-Gel«-Methode herstellen kann, indem man eine kolloidale Lösung von Thoriumhydroxyd in gewisse organische Lösungsmittel spritzt, die eine Gelierung in Form von sphärischen Teilchen hervorrufen. Ferner ist die Herstellung von Kugeln durch Einspritzen einer kolloidalen Thoriumhydroxydlösung, der Uranylnitrat zugesetzt ist, in Ammoniak bekannt. It is known that thorium oxide spheres are made using the "sol-gel" method can be prepared by putting a colloidal solution of thorium hydroxide in certain organic solvent splashes that produce a gelation in the form of spherical particles cause. Furthermore, the manufacture of spheres by injecting a colloidal Thorium hydroxide solution to which uranyl nitrate is added, known in ammonia.
Ein anderes Verfahren besteht darin, daß man kolloidale Thoriumhydroxydlösungen langsam eindampft und den übrigbleibenden Feststoff mechanisch derart behandelt, daß durch Reiben Abrundungen erhalten werden. Die nach diesen Verfahren erhaltenen Kugeln können bis zu 100/, Uran enthalten. Another method is to make colloidal thorium hydroxide solutions slowly evaporates and the remaining solid is mechanically treated in such a way that that roundings are obtained by rubbing. The obtained by this procedure Spheres can contain up to 100% uranium.
Erfindungsgemäß wurde nun eine, vom Standpunkt der Wirtschaftlichkeit interessante, leicht durchführbare Methode zur Herstellung von Uranoxyd und/ oder Thoriumoxyd in Kugelform gefunden. Die auf diese Weise erhaltenen Kugeln besitzen die folgenden Vorteile: 1. Keine Grenzen, was die Anteile der Bestandteile, d. h. des Uranoxyds und des Thoriumoxyds, anbelangt, 2. regelmäßige geometrische Gestalt, 3. hohe Dichte bereits bei verhältnismäßig niedriger Glühtemperatur, 4. Möglichkeit, die Durchmesser innerhalb weiter Grenzen zu verändern. According to the present invention, one has now become one from the standpoint of economy interesting, easily practicable method for the production of uranium oxide and / or Thorium oxide found in spherical form. Possess the balls obtained in this way the following advantages: 1. No limits on the proportions of the constituents, d. H. of uranium oxide and thorium oxide, as far as 2. regular geometrical shape, 3. high density even at a relatively low annealing temperature, 4. possibility to change the diameter within wide limits.
Das Fehlen jeglicher Beschränkungen hinsichtlich der zulässigen Urankonzentrationen, das einen der Hauptvorteile des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens darstellt, gestattet die Herstellung von Kugeln aus reinem UO2 und aus Mischungen von UO2 und ThO2 mit beliebigen Proportionen, wie sie nach den bekannten Verfahren bisher nicht erhältlich waren. The absence of any restrictions on permissible uranium concentrations, which is one of the main advantages of the method according to the invention the production of balls from pure UO2 and from mixtures of UO2 and ThO2 with arbitrary proportions, as previously not obtainable by the known processes was.
Die Regelmäßigkeit der geometrischen Gestalt und die hohe Dichte wirken sich auf das Rückhaltevermögen der Spaltgase und auf die mechanische Festigkeit vorteilhaft aus. The regularity of the geometric shape and the high density affect the retention capacity of the fission gases and the mechanical strength advantageous.
Die Möglichkeit, den Durchmesser der Kugel nach Belieben zu verändern, gestattet es schließlich, über verschiedenartigere Korngrößen verfügen zu können, als solche bisher auf chemischem Weg erzeugbar waren. The ability to change the diameter of the sphere as you wish, finally allows to have more different grain sizes, as such could previously be produced chemically.
Durch die Erfindung wird außer den erwähnten Vorteilen eine beachtliche Vereinfachung der Durchführung des Verfahrens erzielt, so daß das neue Verfahren sowohl im Vergleich zur »Sol-Gel«-Methode als auch im Vergleich zu anderen, typisch mechanischen Verfahren weitaus wirtschaftlicher ist. Bekanntlich ist es möglich, eine gute Regelmäßigkeit der Kugelform mit innerhalb weiter Grenzen veränderlichen Durchmessern durch Pressen von Pulvern, Zerkleinern, Sieben, Abrunden, Sintern usw. zu erreichen, doch wird das Erzeugnis zufolge der Schwierigkeit der Arbeitsgänge oder des sehr großen Abfalls erheblich teuer. In addition to the advantages mentioned, the invention provides a considerable one Simplification of the implementation of the process achieved so that the new procedure both in comparison to the "sol-gel" method and in comparison to others, typical mechanical process is far more economical. It is well known that it is possible a good regularity of the spherical shape with variable within wide limits Diameters by pressing powders, crushing, sieving, rounding, sintering, etc. but the product depends on the difficulty of the operations or the very large waste considerably expensive.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren besteht in dem Vermischen einer Lösung von Thorium- und/oder Uransalzen mit einem Harz, das durch die Wirkung von Alkali seine Viskosität erhöht, und im Eintropfen des Gemisches in ein, eine alkalische Lösung enthaltendes Rohr. Bei der Berührung mit dem Alkali nimmt die Oberfläche des Tropfens eine derartige Beschaffenheit an, daß er - wenn es am Boden des Gefäßes anlangt - seine Kugelform beibehält. The method according to the invention consists in mixing a solution of thorium and / or uranium salts with a resin that by the action of alkali its viscosity increases, and when the mixture drips into one, an alkaline one Tube containing solution. When it comes into contact with the alkali, the surface decreases of the drop is of such a nature that - when it is at the bottom of the vessel arrives - retains its spherical shape.
Anschließend dringt die Base in das Kugelinnere ein und verursacht die vollständige Gelierung desselben. Die so erhaltenen Kugeln werden eine gewisse Zeit in der Lösung, in der sie sich gebildet haben, belassen, dann getrocknet und geglüht. The base then penetrates the interior of the sphere and causes the complete gelation of the same. The balls thus obtained become a certain Leave time in the solution in which they formed, then dry and annealed.
Im besonderen wird die Lösung der Thorium-und/oder Uransalze mit 1 bis 20/o eines, vorzugsweise Cellulose enthaltenden Harzes gemischt und in eine NaOH-Lösung getropft. In particular, the solution is made with the thorium and / or uranium salts 1 to 20 / o of a resin, preferably containing cellulose, and mixed into one NaOH solution dripped.
Nachfolgend werden beispielsweise die verschiedenen Schritte des Verfahrens näher beschrieben. For example, the following are the different steps of the Procedure described in more detail.
1. Zubereitung der Lösungen 1. 1. Zubereitung der Uranlösung Das Uran muß in der vierwertigen Form von UCl4 vorliegen, die durch Einwirkung von konzentrierter HCl auf metallisches Uran in Spanform erhalten wird. Von der Lösung wird der HCl-Überschuß durch vorsichtiges Verdampfen entfernt. 1. Preparation of the solutions 1. 1. Preparation of the uranium solution The Uranium must be in the tetravalent form of UCl4, which is obtained by the action of concentrated HCl on metallic uranium is obtained in chip form. The excess HCl is removed from the solution removed by careful evaporation.
Eine Reihe von Versuchen wurde mit Lösungen durchgeführt, die eine UO2-Konzentration von 150 bis 250 g/l und ein pH = 0,2 bis 1 besaßen. A number of experiments have been carried out with solutions that have a UO2 concentration of 150 to 250 g / l and a pH = 0.2 to 1.
1. 2. Zubereitung der Thoriumlösung Thoriumhydroxyd, das durch Niederschlag des Nitrats mit Ammoniak erhalten wurde, wird in HCl gelöst.1. 2. Preparation of the thorium solution Thorium hydroxide, which is precipitated of the nitrate obtained with ammonia is dissolved in HCl.
In diesem Fall wurden Versuche mit Lösungen durchgeführt, deren ThO2-Konzentration 150 bis 250 g/l und deren pH 1 bis 3 war. In this case, experiments were carried out with solutions whose ThO2 concentration 150 to 250 g / l and the pH of which was 1 to 3.
1. 3. Zubereitung der Uran- und Thoriumiösung Die obigen Einzellösungen werden im gewünschten Verhältnis gemischt, um Gesamtkonzentrationen von UO2 + ThO2 von 150 bis 250 g/l und einen pH-Wert von 1 bis 2 zu erhalten.1. 3. Preparation of the uranium and thorium solution The above individual solutions are mixed in the desired ratio to achieve total concentrations of UO2 + ThO2 from 150 to 250 g / l and a pH of 1 to 2.
Die obigen Angaben sind rein beispielhaft und es können z. B. die Konzentrationen variiert werden, wobei jedoch zu beachten ist, daß zu sehr verdünnte Lösungen zu übermäßigem Schwund während des Trocknens und folglich zum Bruch der Kugeln führen, während sich zu sehr konzentrierte Lösungen schwer tropfen lassen. The above information is purely exemplary and z. B. the Concentrations can be varied, but it should be noted that too much dilute Solutions to excessive shrinkage during drying and consequently to breakage of the Balls, while solutions that are too concentrated are difficult to drip.
1. 4. Zubereitung der Carbide Zur Zubereitung der Uran- und/oder Thoriumcarbide wird den gemäß den Beispielen 1. 1., 1. 2. und 1. 3. zubereiteten Uran- und Thoriumlösungen, die jedoch eine Konzentration von 100 bis 150 gel besitzen, Kohle oder kolloidaler Graphit im Verhältnis U/C bis TH/C von 1:4 bis 1:5 hinzugefügt.1. 4. Preparation of the carbides For the preparation of the uranium and / or thorium carbides is the uranium and thorium solutions prepared according to Examples 1. 1., 1. 2. and 1. 3., but which have a concentration of 100 to 150 gel, charcoal or colloidal Added graphite in the ratio U / C to TH / C from 1: 4 to 1: 5.
2. Mischung mit dem Harz Es wurde ein Harz auf der Basis von mit Polyäthylenglykol stabilisierter Hydroxypropylmethylcellu lose verwendet. Dieses Harz wird durch kräftiges Rühren in der Lösung im Verhältnis von 0,8 bis 1,5 g je 100 cm3 der Lösung aufgelöst. 2. Mixing with the resin A resin based on with Polyethylene glycol stabilized Hydroxypropylmethylcellu used loose. This Resin is made by vigorous stirring in the solution in a ratio of 0.8 to 1.5 g each 100 cm3 of the solution dissolved.
3. Tropfvorgang Die Lösung wurde von einem Abscheidetrichter, dessen Austrittsende zu einer kapillaren Verengung (Lochdurchmesser etwa 1 mm) gezogen war, getropft. 3. Dropping process The solution was from a separatory funnel, its The outlet end is drawn into a capillary constriction (hole diameter approx. 1 mm) was, dripped.
Die Tropfen fielen in ein 30 bis 50 cm hohes, eine Alkalilösung enthaltendes Rohr. Es können verschiedene Basen, wie NaOH, NH4OH, Hydrazin, Hydroxylamin, Monoäthanolamin u. ä., vorzugsweise NaOH mit einer Konzentration von 150 bis 350 g/l verwendet werden. Ein Weg von etwa 30 cm reicht zur Verfestigung der Tropfen aus, deren geometrische Gestalt während des Falles besser wird.The drops fell into a 30 to 50 cm high containing an alkali solution Pipe. Different bases such as NaOH, NH4OH, hydrazine, hydroxylamine, monoethanolamine can be used and the like, preferably NaOH at a concentration of 150 to 350 g / l can be used. A distance of about 30 cm is sufficient to solidify the drops, their geometric Shape gets better as the fall.
4. Trocknung und Glühen Die Kugeln werden eine gewisse Zeit lang in der Lösung, in der sie sich bildeten, belassen, dann mit Wasser gewaschen und bei 80 bis 100"C getrocknet. 4. Drying and glowing The balls will last a certain time left in the solution in which they formed, then washed with water and dried at 80 to 100 "C.
Während des Trocknens ist ein etwa 500/0iger Schwund zu bemerken. Schließlich werden die Kugeln geglüht, indem sie einer stufenförmigen, kontrollierten Erwärmung zwischen 1000 und 1300"C ausgesetzt werden.A shrinkage of about 500/0 can be noticed during the drying process. Finally, the balls are annealed by making a stepped, controlled Warming between 1000 and 1300 "C can be exposed.
Im Fall der Carbide wird das Glühen in Vakuum bei Temperaturen über 1600"C durchgeführt.In the case of carbides, the annealing is done in vacuum at temperatures above 1600 "C carried out.
Die Arbeitsweise in diesen letzten Phasen beeinflußt maßgeblich die Ausbeute des Verfahrens. Es wurden jedenfalls stets Ausbeuten über 500/o erzielt. The way of working in these last phases has a decisive influence on the Yield of the process. In any case, yields of over 500 / o were always achieved.
Die so erhaltenen Kugeln besitzen einen Enddurchmesser von etwa 1 mm, doch können kleinere Durchmesser durch Kontrolle der Abtropfgeschwindigkeit, der Viskosität und der Dichte der Lösungen erreicht werden. The spheres obtained in this way have a final diameter of about 1 mm, but smaller diameters can be achieved by controlling the dripping speed, the viscosity and density of the solutions can be achieved.
Außer den bereits erwähnten Vorteilen ergeben sich aus Obigem die folgenden weiteren Vorteile: Einfachheit der Arbeitsweise und der Geräte, was insbesondere dann sehr günstig ist, wenn man es mit sehr stark radioaktivem Material zu tun hat, Möglichkeit der Verwendung anderer Elemente oder von Elementen mit anderer Isotopenzusammensetzung, wie z. B. von Plutonium und von angereichertem Uran, Möglichkeit der Erzeugung von Thorium-, Uran-und Plutoniumcarbiden durch Zugabe von Kohlenpulver zu den Lösungen der Metalle, Möglichkeit der Erzeugung von Kugeln eines Materials, in dem der Brennstoff in einer Matrize von- Oxyden (z. B. BeC, Al203, MgO) oder von Carbiden (z. B. SiC) dispergiert ist. In addition to the advantages already mentioned, the above results in the following other advantages: simplicity of operation and equipment, what in particular is very cheap when you are dealing with highly radioactive material, Possibility of using other elements or elements with a different isotopic composition, such as B. Plutonium and enriched uranium, possibility of producing Thorium, uranium and plutonium carbides by adding carbon powder to the solutions of metals, possibility of producing balls of a material in which the fuel in a matrix of oxides (e.g. BeC, Al203, MgO) or of carbides (e.g. SiC) is dispersed.
Claims (7)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT4309064 | 1964-01-21 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE1212841B true DE1212841B (en) | 1966-03-17 |
Family
ID=11254787
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DES91872A Pending DE1212841B (en) | 1964-01-21 | 1964-07-03 | Process for the chemical production of spheres from refractory materials that are difficult to clump together |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| BE (1) | BE658447A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE1212841B (en) |
| LU (1) | LU46461A1 (en) |
| NL (1) | NL125295C (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2747783A1 (en) * | 1976-10-26 | 1978-04-27 | Atomic Energy Authority Uk | METHOD OF DRYING MATERIAL |
| DE2918105A1 (en) * | 1978-05-05 | 1979-11-08 | Agip Nucleare Spa | PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING PELLETS FROM NUCLEAR FUEL |
| US4925647A (en) * | 1986-09-24 | 1990-05-15 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Process for the production of metal oxides or metal mixed oxides |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1363532A (en) * | 1971-02-01 | 1974-08-14 | Atomic Energy Authority Uk | Production of metal-containing materials by gel-precipitation |
-
1964
- 1964-07-03 DE DES91872A patent/DE1212841B/en active Pending
- 1964-07-06 NL NL6407672A patent/NL125295C/xx active
- 1964-07-06 LU LU46461D patent/LU46461A1/xx unknown
-
1965
- 1965-01-18 BE BE658447D patent/BE658447A/xx unknown
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2747783A1 (en) * | 1976-10-26 | 1978-04-27 | Atomic Energy Authority Uk | METHOD OF DRYING MATERIAL |
| DE2918105A1 (en) * | 1978-05-05 | 1979-11-08 | Agip Nucleare Spa | PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING PELLETS FROM NUCLEAR FUEL |
| US4925647A (en) * | 1986-09-24 | 1990-05-15 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Process for the production of metal oxides or metal mixed oxides |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| LU46461A1 (en) | 1972-01-01 |
| BE658447A (en) | 1965-07-19 |
| NL6407672A (en) | 1965-07-22 |
| NL125295C (en) | 1968-06-17 |
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