DE1211251B - Line for electrical communication - Google Patents

Description

FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY

GERMAN

PATENT OFFICE

EDITORIAL

Int. α .:

H03k

German class: 21 al - 36/00

Number: 1211251

File number: J 22202 VIII a / 21 al

Filing date: August 3, 1962

Opening day: February 24, 1966

The invention relates to an arrangement for electrical communication, in which of the Properties of so-called "negative resistances" are used. The term »more negative Resistance ”in the sense of the subject matter of the invention will be explained in more detail below.

For the problem, messages and information that may arise in any form, from one A myriad of solutions have become known for transferring one place to another.

In order to overcome the attenuation which occurs as unavoidable during the transmission or to a permissible one Appropriate reinforcing devices have been developed to limit the extent to which work with known components such as electron tubes or transistors.

It has already been proposed to regenerate pulse trains in a transmission line Switch on pulse regeneration devices. A regeneration should always take place before the Pulses are so noisy that they can no longer be clearly evaluated. With another The proposed arrangement is intended to suppress pulse tails in, for example, radar pulses Pulse corrector can be used, which consists of two line sections of certain dimensions. The last suggestion is a single corrector at the end of a link is, while the first suggestion is about individual regeneration devices acts in the course of a transmission line.

The present line according to the invention for the transmission of electrical message pulses treads on the other hand, a completely different approach, which is characterized in that the transmission path consists of individual pulse regeneration devices connected in series, each of which a storage element, preferably a capacitor, which is charged by a voltage source that further each pulse regeneration circuit is connected in parallel with the storage element contains a component whose current-voltage characteristic is next to the area of positive slope also has such a negative slope and which is under the influence of an applied to this Input pulse changes its electrical resistance in such a way that the parallel-connected storage element discharges according to the input pulse, wherein the discharge is a regeneration of the input pulse represents which the subsequent pulse regeneration circuit is supplied as its input pulse will.

Electric message transmission line

Applicant:

International Standard Electric Corporation,

New York, N.Y. (V. St. A.)

Representative:

Dipl.-Ing. H. Ciaessen, patent attorney,

Stuttgart W, Rotebühlstr. 70

Named as inventor:

Robert Anthony Hyman, London

Claimed priority:

Great Britain August 4, 1961 (28,475) - -

The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to the drawings.

Fig. 1 shows the voltage characteristic a negative resistance material as used in the invention;

F i g. 2 is a circuit diagram of an embodiment of the invention;
3 shows a longitudinal section of a preferred embodiment of the invention and

F i g. 4 shows a cross section through the arrangement according to FIG. 3.

In the context of this description, the term "negative resistance" denotes a class of Materials or electronic switching means in which the current-voltage characteristic is similar to the in Fig. 1 shown runs. The current-voltage characteristic of most common electrical Materials is determined by Ohm's law and is usually by increasing, from zero outgoing straight line marked, which has a constant slope, which indicates that the Current through the material increases as a function of the applied voltage. Of course are certain materials are known for which the current-voltage characteristic has no constant "positive" slope, and it turns out that under certain Conditions achieved an increase in the current through the material as the applied voltage decreases can be. The part of the characteristic curve in which this behavior can be observed has a Slope, usually called "negative" and that

609 509/309

3 4

material used as »material negative, which is produced by the capacitor 10 b , is capable of

tive resistance «- is called. You don't just include negative resistance, as you would like

separates between two types of material negative 16 c, but also the negative resistance 16 a

Resistance,. namely to switch between voltage and current. But this would be reflections in the

controlled. In the present invention, the latter will produce 5 transmission links. To avoid

used. If one carries the current-voltage characteristic of this effect, the circuit constants are so

line of this material, the result is a ¹ curve - chosen that the capacitor in question lasts so long

course, as shown for example in FIG. cannot be recharged enough until

For a given voltage, therefore, the working is the impulse over two or three consecutive ones

point of the material on the curve through which it is passed through 10 steps along the transmission path

the material determines the current flowing through it. Has been for one.

Voltage V _p , the operating point is only at P, It can be seen that a transmission path of the

if the current I _p flowing through the material is considered to be any described type

Milliamps. On the other hand, it transmits at the same instant in one direction; it can

Voltage V " the current 15 flowing through the material but also as a bidirectional transmission

of the size / ", then the operating point is on the route to be used (for example for multiplexing

the curve at Q. Correspondingly, it belongs to a procedure), in which it is operated from each side

Current / _s an operating point S on the curve. Self-becomes.

The operating point which can lead to another embodiment of the invention remains understandable

Bias voltage V _p heard, can only be created at point Q, 20 in that a according to F i g. 2

until a voltage pulse of maximum size V _{1 is} built up transmission path in the simplest way

is created. With a larger voltage pulse, two or more branches are moved by inserting branches

the operating point is then contained along the curve according to outputs, with no additional switching

P or S, depending on the course of the curve. funds are needed.

If such a negative resistance is imposed, the present invention can also be used as a shipper Capacitor connected in parallel, with delay line and pulse shaper or as a data end Charging voltage of the bias voltage of the negative memory can be used.

Resistance corresponds to (for example V ₀ ), then Fig. 3 and 4 show the practical structure of when applying a pulse that is large enough, the pulse transmission path according to the circuit after applied voltage briefly to the value ^. V _t to 30 FIG. 2. FIG. 3 is a longitudinal section along the line increasing the operating point moving from the point in the AA of FIG. 4 and FIG. 4 is a cross-section along the area of S. Physically, this means the line B-B of FIG. 3. A central conductor 20 is that the material is surrounded by a state of high resistance from a layer of material of negative resistance to a state of lower resistance 21. The outer conductor 22 encloses status has changed. This, extremely short 35 another layer of resistance material 23. The switching process causes the charged condenser material 21 and the resistance material 23 sator a short but powerful discharge, which are synonymous with a series of short cylindrical conductors 24 with a regeneration of the input separated, which is in the longitudinal direction by insulating intermediate pulse. When the capacitor is discharged and layers 25 are isolated from each other. A fixed voltage is applied between the conductors 22 and 20, so that the input pulse has been delivered, the voltage is applied across the negative resistance; the input pulse is fed to one of the conductors 24 and the material returns to its output. Usually the input pulse returns to its high resistance state. In the first conductor 24 at the beginning of the transmission gram, this corresponds to the return - abandoned under Einr stretch. The output pulse is then flow of the bias voltage V ₀ - to point C, whereby the 45 from the corresponding conductor 24 at the other end of the bias voltage V ₀ at the same time the Kon transmission path is removed,
recharges the capacitor. Every section of the transmission link exists

In the circuit according to FIG. 2, the condensers are each made of a piece of the conductor 24, and the besatoren 10 a, 10 b, 10 c and 10 a "via inductances adjacent areas of the active material 21 and the Ila, Ub, Uc and Hd by a bias voltage V ₀ 50 resistance material 23 represent a pulse regeneration which is charged between the lines 13 and 14 ration circuit according to FIG. 2, with the insulation being applied. see the neighboring pulse regeneration sudden rise from V _c to the value ^ V _t .

is sufficient, the negative resistance 16 a is reversed. 55 It should be noted that the described

switches on and the charged capacitor 10 a is just one example of the inventive connection

load. The resulting discharge forms an order. For example, the transmission could

Bnpuls, the negative resistance 16 b by the bypass path can just as easily be produced by

switches when it is there via a suitable coupling that the active material outside and the resistance

treatment, such as the capacitor 17 a and 60 material arranged inside around the inner conductor

the attenuator 18 a is applied. In this were.

The input pulse received at terminal 15 a of a suitable material with negative resistance is regenerated and , for example, transmitted to terminal 15 b for such a transmission path and so on over the entire transfer of p-germanium, which is at a temperature of transmission path . 65 is maintained at 4.2 ° K. Such a transfer

It is evident that in the event that re-stretching would then be a layer thickness of the active

charging of the capacitor 10 a very quickly have material of about 1 mm radius; the

happens, the discharge or the regenerated pulse, bias voltage would be 10 V in this case,

and graphite could be used as a resistor material. Another embodiment of the transmission link uses a gaseous active material, for example a mixture of neon, argon and hydrogen, which is a suitable negative resistance when the individual gases are in a mixing ratio of approximately 92: 1: 7 be mixed. In addition, many materials with negative resistance characteristics are known; all of these, whether as solid dielectric or gaseous, are for use within the meaning of the invention Circuit suitable if they only have the required current-controlled characteristic of the negative Possess resistance.

Claims (6)

Patent claims: 1. Line for the transmission of electrical message pulses, characterized in that that the line consists of individual pulse regeneration devices connected in series, each of which has a storage element, preferably a capacitor, which is through a Voltage source is charged, that also each pulse regeneration circuit in parallel to the storage element contains a component whose current-voltage characteristic is next to the area of positive slope also has such a negative slope, and which below the influence of an input pulse applied to this its electrical resistance in such a way changes that the parallel-connected storage element discharges according to the input pulse, wherein the discharge represents a regeneration of the input pulse, which of the following Pulse regeneration circuit is supplied as its input pulse. 2. Line according to claim 1 in the form of a cable, which consists of a central inner conductor, a cylindrical center conductor and a cylindrical outer conductor is constructed, all of which are coaxial are to each other, with the center conductor through a series of annular, insulating layers in Longitudinal direction of separate conductor sections is formed and in which the space between the inner conductor and the center conductor with a material of negative resistance and the space between the center conductor and the outer conductor is filled with resistance material. 3. Line according to claim 2, characterized in that the space between the central and Outer conductor with material of negative resistance and the space between the inner and middle conductor is filled with resistance material. 4. Line according to claim 2 and 3, characterized in that the negative resistance material p-germanium with a temperature of 4.2 ° K is used. 5. Line according to claim 2 and 3, characterized in that the negative resistance material a gaseous mixture of neon, argon and hydrogen is used in a certain mixing ratio. 6. Line according to claim 2 and 3, characterized in that the resistance material Graphite is used. Legacy Patents Considered:
German Patent No. 1154 831. When the registration was announced, a priority document was also displayed. 1 sheet of drawings 609 509/309 2.66 © Bundesdruckerei Berlin