DE1240998B - Cathode heater for electron tubes - Google Patents
Cathode heater for electron tubesInfo
- Publication number
- DE1240998B DE1240998B DET20889A DET0020889A DE1240998B DE 1240998 B DE1240998 B DE 1240998B DE T20889 A DET20889 A DE T20889A DE T0020889 A DET0020889 A DE T0020889A DE 1240998 B DE1240998 B DE 1240998B
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- outer layer
- tungsten
- oxides
- oxide
- molybdenum
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 7
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 7
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims 7
- FRWYFWZENXDZMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-iodoquinoline Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=NC(I)=CC=C21 FRWYFWZENXDZMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- LTPBRCUWZOMYOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium oxide Inorganic materials O=[Be] LTPBRCUWZOMYOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims 2
- ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 232Th Chemical compound [232Th] ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052776 Thorium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium(0) Chemical compound [U] JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- ZNOKGRXACCSDPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten trioxide Chemical compound O=[W](=O)=O ZNOKGRXACCSDPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JVPGYYNQTPWXGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-methylphenyl)-1,3-benzothiazole Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1C1=NC2=CC=CC=C2S1 JVPGYYNQTPWXGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010437 gem Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001751 gemstone Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J1/00—Details of electrodes, of magnetic control means, of screens, or of the mounting or spacing thereof, common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J1/02—Main electrodes
- H01J1/13—Solid thermionic cathodes
- H01J1/20—Cathodes heated indirectly by an electric current; Cathodes heated by electron or ion bombardment
- H01J1/22—Heaters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J9/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture, installation, removal, maintenance of electric discharge tubes, discharge lamps, or parts thereof; Recovery of material from discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J9/02—Manufacture of electrodes or electrode systems
- H01J9/08—Manufacture of heaters for indirectly-heated cathodes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
- Y10T428/294—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core including metal or compound thereof [excluding glass, ceramic and asbestos]
- Y10T428/2942—Plural coatings
- Y10T428/2949—Glass, ceramic or metal oxide in coating
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Solid Thermionic Cathode (AREA)
- Cold Cathode And The Manufacture (AREA)
Description
DeutscheKl.: 21g-13/04German class: 21g-13/04
AUSLEGESCHRIFTEDITORIAL
Nummer: 1240 998Number: 1240 998
Aktenzeichen: T 20889 VIII c/21 gFile number: T 20889 VIII c / 21 g
1 240 998 Anmeldetag: 4.Oktober 19611 240 998 Filing date: October 4, 1961
Auslegetag: 24. Mai 1967Opened on: May 24, 1967
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Kathodenheizer für Elektronenröhren mit einer hochisolierenden Oxydschicht und einer die Wärme gut abstrahlenden Außenschicht, die aus einer Mischung des isolierenden Oxyds und eines in einer niederen Wertigkeitsstufe vorliegenden Metalloxyds besteht.The invention relates to a cathode heater for electron tubes with a highly insulating oxide layer and a heat-radiating outer layer, which is made of a mixture of the insulating Oxyds and a metal oxide present in a lower valence level.
In der ganzen Welt werden zur Isolierung der Kathodenheizer von Elektronenröhren Aluminiumoxydüberzüge benutzt. Diese Uberzüge sind vollständig ausreichend, solange es sich um Oxydkathoden handelt, die eine Betriebstemperatur im Bereich von 800 bis 850° C haben. Wenn man annimmt, daß der Temperaturunterschied zwischen der Kathode und dem Kathodenheizer im Bereich von 300 bis 400° C liegt, erreicht der Kathodenheizer eine Höchsttemperatur von 1300° C Die Wärmebeständigkeit von Aluminiumoxyd ist also bei diesen Verhältnissen vollständig ausreichend. Mit den wachsenden Forderungen an höhere Leistungen von Elektronenröhren wurden auch neue Typen von Kathoden entwickelt, deren Emissionsvermögen vielfach den Nutzeffekt von Oxydkathoden übertrifft. Es sind dies z.B. Boridkathoden und besonders imprägnierte Kathoden. Zum Betrieb von diesen Kathoden wird aber eine weit höhere Temperatur verlangt. Bei den imprägnierten Kathoden bewegt sich diese Temperatur um 1150° C, wobei die Aktivierungstemperatur um 100 bis 200° C höher ist. Mit Rücksicht auf die hohe Erschütterungsfestigkeit ist es ebenfalls notwendig, auch die Kathodenhalterungen aus einem massiven Material zu erzeugen, wodurch aber die Wärmeabfuhr von der Kathode beträchtlich erhöht wird. Dadurch wächst auch der Temperaturunterschied zwischen der Kathode und dem Kathodenheizer auf einen Wert von 500 bis 600° C. Die Temperatur des Kathodenheizers erreicht also in diesem Fall den Wert von 1700 bis 1850° CAll over the world, aluminum oxide coatings are used to insulate cathode heaters in electron tubes used. These coatings are completely sufficient as long as they are oxide cathodes which have an operating temperature in the range of 800 to 850 ° C. If you assume that the Temperature difference between the cathode and the cathode heater in the range of 300 to 400 ° C the cathode heater reaches a maximum temperature of 1300 ° C. The heat resistance of Aluminum oxide is completely sufficient under these conditions. With the growing demands new types of cathodes have also been developed for higher performance of electron tubes, whose emissivity often exceeds the efficiency of oxide cathodes. These are e.g. boride cathodes and especially impregnated cathodes. To operate these cathodes, however, a much higher temperature required. In the case of the impregnated cathodes, this temperature changes 1150 ° C, the activation temperature being 100 to 200 ° C higher. With regard to the high Vibration resistance is also necessary to make the cathode brackets out of a massive one To generate material, which, however, increases the heat dissipation from the cathode considerably. This also increases the temperature difference between the cathode and the cathode heater a value of 500 to 600 ° C. The temperature of the cathode heater reaches the in this case Value from 1700 to 1850 ° C
Der Schmelzpunkt von Aluminiumoxyd liegt bei 2050° C. Es wurde aber festgestellt, daß bei dem
Zusammentreffen von Aluminiumoxyd und Wolframmetall während einer längeren Erhitzung im Vakuum
bei einer Temperatur von etwa 1700° C Aluminiumoxyd zu metallischem Aluminium reduziert wird, wobei
sich Wolfram zu Wolframtrioxyd umwandelt, das weiter mit Aluminiumoxyd reagiert und unter anderem
Aluminiumwolframat bildet. Dadurch wird einerseits die Adhäsion der aufgesinterten Aluminiumoxydschicht
auf dem Wolframdraht erniedrigt, und andererseits wird der Schmelzpunkt von Aluminiumoxyd
fortlaufend niedriger, so daß bei den oben angegebenen Temperaturen während 12 bis 400 Stunden
die Isolierschicht schmilzt und verdampft. Daher Kathodenheizer für Elektronenröhren
Anmelder:The melting point of aluminum oxide is 2050 ° C. It was found, however, that when aluminum oxide and tungsten metal meet during prolonged heating in a vacuum at a temperature of around 1700 ° C, aluminum oxide is reduced to metallic aluminum, with tungsten being converted to tungsten trioxide , which further reacts with aluminum oxide and forms, among other things, aluminum tungstate. On the one hand, this lowers the adhesion of the sintered aluminum oxide layer to the tungsten wire and, on the other hand, the melting point of aluminum oxide is continuously lower, so that the insulating layer melts and evaporates at the temperatures given above for 12 to 400 hours. Hence cathode heaters for electron tubes
Applicant:
Tesla, närodni podnik, Prag-Hloubetin
Vertreter:Tesla, närodni podnik, Prague-Hloubetin
Representative:
Dipl.-Phys. Dr. W. Junius, Patentanwalt,
Hannover, Abbestr. 20Dipl.-Phys. Dr. W. Junius, patent attorney,
Hanover, Abbestr. 20th
Als Erfinder benannt:
Jiri Kopecky, PragNamed as inventor:
Jiri Kopecky, Prague
Beanspruchte Priorität:Claimed priority:
Tschechoslowakei vom 18. Oktober 1960 (6225)Czechoslovakia October 18, 1960 (6225)
können die Kathodenheizer nicht auf zu hohe Temperaturen aufgeheizt werden.the cathode heaters cannot be heated to excessively high temperatures.
Es ist bekannt, daß man die Wärmeabgabe eines Heizdrahtüberzuges durch färbende Zusätze erhöhen kann. Man hat zu diesem Zweck dem Aluminiumoxydüberzug für den Heizdraht mittelbar geheizter Kathoden elektrischer Entladungsröhren bereits färbende Beimengungen der gleichen Art und Größenordnung, wie sie in den natürlichen oder synthetischen Edelsteinen der Korundgruppe vorkommen, zugesetzt. Man erhält auf diese Weise undurchsichtiges, farbiges insbesondere rötliches oder grünliches Aluminiumoxyd, das ein erheblich größeres Wärmeabstrahlungsvermögen als weißes Aluminiumoxyd hat. Derartige mit Beimengungen versehene Überzüge haben sich jedoch in der Praxis nicht durchsetzen können, da jeder Zusatz die Isolation des Aluminiumoxyds verschlechtert, das um so besser isoliert, je reiner und damit je weißer es ist.It is known that the heat output of a heating wire coating can be increased by coloring additives can. For this purpose, the aluminum oxide coating for the heating wire is indirectly heated Cathodes of electrical discharge tubes already coloring admixtures of the same type and order of magnitude, as they occur in the natural or synthetic gemstones of the corundum group, added. In this way, opaque, colored, in particular reddish or greenish, are obtained Aluminum oxide, which is considerably more heat-emitting than white aluminum oxide Has. Such coatings provided with admixtures, however, have not become established in practice can, since every addition worsens the insulation of the aluminum oxide, which insulates the better, ever purer and therefore the whiter it is.
Es ist bekannt, einen Kathodenheizer mit einem Überzug zu versehen, der aus einer hochisolierenden Innenschicht und einer einen die Wärme gut abstrahlenden, hitzebeständigen und dunkel aussehenden Stoff enthaltenden Außenschicht besteht. Die Außenschicht der vorgeschlagenen Kathodenheizer soll insbesondere aus hochschmelzenden, bei der Betriebstemperatur mit Aluminiumoxyd nicht reagierenden Substanzen, wie Boriden oder Karbiden insbesondere schwer schmelzender Metalle, bestehen.It is known to provide a cathode heater with a coating that consists of a highly insulating Inner layer and one that radiates heat well, is heat-resistant and dark-looking Fabric containing outer layer consists. The outer layer of the proposed cathode heater should be made from high-melting points that do not react with aluminum oxide at the operating temperature Substances, such as borides or carbides, in particular, of metals that do not melt easily, exist.
Es ist ein Kathodenheizer mit einem Überzug aus einer hochisolierenden Innenschicht und einer einen die Wärme gut abstrahlenden, hitzebeständigen und dunkel aussehenden Stoff enthaltenden AußenschichtIt is a cathode heater with a coating of a highly insulating inner layer and one the heat-radiating, heat-resistant and dark-looking fabric containing the outer layer
709 587/432709 587/432
Claims (3)
Deutsche Patentschriften Nr. 705 766, 1090774; französische Patentschrift Nr. 1220 678;Considered publications:
German Patent Nos. 705 766, 1090774; French Patent No. 1220 678;
Deutsches Patent Nr. 1141388.Legacy Patents Considered:
German Patent No. 1141388.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CS622560 | 1960-10-18 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE1240998B true DE1240998B (en) | 1967-05-24 |
Family
ID=5408774
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DET20889A Pending DE1240998B (en) | 1960-10-18 | 1961-10-04 | Cathode heater for electron tubes |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3134691A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE1240998B (en) |
| FR (1) | FR1303897A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB966377A (en) |
| NL (1) | NL269971A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1281039B (en) * | 1963-09-25 | 1968-10-24 | Telefunken Patent | Process for the production of an indirectly heated cathode for electron tubes |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1355710A (en) * | 1963-02-06 | 1964-03-20 | Radiotechnique | Further development of cathode heating filaments for electron tubes |
| US3370978A (en) * | 1964-02-26 | 1968-02-27 | Sperry Rand Corp | Method of stabilizing tunneling insulator films |
| US4176293A (en) * | 1978-02-17 | 1979-11-27 | Varian Associates, Inc. | Thermionic cathode heater having reduced magnetic field |
| DE4420607A1 (en) * | 1994-06-13 | 1995-12-14 | Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh | Electric incandescent lamp and filament for incandescent lamps |
| US8215002B2 (en) * | 2007-09-29 | 2012-07-10 | Osram Sylvania Inc. | Method of making a lamp coil |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE705766C (en) * | 1933-11-25 | 1941-05-09 | Rca Corp | Process for the production of radiators for indirectly heated cathodes from a durctile, low-melting metal |
| FR1220678A (en) * | 1958-04-29 | 1960-05-27 | Rca Corp | Heating filament coating process |
| DE1090774B (en) | 1959-03-20 | 1960-10-13 | Siemens Ag | Heating element for indirectly heated cathodes and process for the production of an insulating coating |
| DE1141388B (en) | 1960-08-19 | 1962-12-20 | Rca Corp | Cathode heater for electron tubes |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US212860A (en) * | 1879-03-04 | Improvement in electric lights | ||
| BE359097A (en) * | 1928-04-13 | |||
| US2128270A (en) * | 1928-04-30 | 1938-08-30 | Hans J Spanner | Lighting device |
| GB684141A (en) * | 1950-03-29 | 1952-12-10 | Loewe Opta Ag | Method for applying insulating coatings to metallic conductive wires employed for heating |
| US2734857A (en) * | 1951-10-11 | 1956-02-14 | snyder | |
| US2985548A (en) * | 1957-12-26 | 1961-05-23 | Sylvania Electric Prod | Method of making a low density coating for an electron discharge device |
| US3041210A (en) * | 1959-12-02 | 1962-06-26 | Tung Sol Electric Inc | Method of making cold cathodes for vacuum tubes and article |
-
0
- NL NL269971D patent/NL269971A/xx unknown
-
1961
- 1961-10-03 US US142508A patent/US3134691A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1961-10-04 DE DET20889A patent/DE1240998B/en active Pending
- 1961-10-09 GB GB36179/61A patent/GB966377A/en not_active Expired
- 1961-10-17 FR FR876207A patent/FR1303897A/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE705766C (en) * | 1933-11-25 | 1941-05-09 | Rca Corp | Process for the production of radiators for indirectly heated cathodes from a durctile, low-melting metal |
| FR1220678A (en) * | 1958-04-29 | 1960-05-27 | Rca Corp | Heating filament coating process |
| DE1090774B (en) | 1959-03-20 | 1960-10-13 | Siemens Ag | Heating element for indirectly heated cathodes and process for the production of an insulating coating |
| DE1141388B (en) | 1960-08-19 | 1962-12-20 | Rca Corp | Cathode heater for electron tubes |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1281039B (en) * | 1963-09-25 | 1968-10-24 | Telefunken Patent | Process for the production of an indirectly heated cathode for electron tubes |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB966377A (en) | 1964-08-12 |
| FR1303897A (en) | 1962-09-14 |
| US3134691A (en) | 1964-05-26 |
| NL269971A (en) |
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