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DE1138251B - Switching arrangement for linearizing the characteristic curve for thermal resistors by means of active switching elements in negative feedback - Google Patents

Switching arrangement for linearizing the characteristic curve for thermal resistors by means of active switching elements in negative feedback

Info

Publication number
DE1138251B
DE1138251B DES71757A DES0071757A DE1138251B DE 1138251 B DE1138251 B DE 1138251B DE S71757 A DES71757 A DE S71757A DE S0071757 A DES0071757 A DE S0071757A DE 1138251 B DE1138251 B DE 1138251B
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
transistor
negative feedback
linearizing
switching elements
characteristic curve
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
DES71757A
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Dipl-Ing Hans Breunig
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens Corp
Original Assignee
Siemens Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Corp filed Critical Siemens Corp
Priority to DES71757A priority Critical patent/DE1138251B/en
Publication of DE1138251B publication Critical patent/DE1138251B/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01KMEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K7/00Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements
    • G01K7/16Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements using resistive elements
    • G01K7/18Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements using resistive elements the element being a linear resistance, e.g. platinum resistance thermometer
    • G01K7/20Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements using resistive elements the element being a linear resistance, e.g. platinum resistance thermometer in a specially-adapted circuit, e.g. bridge circuit
    • G01K7/21Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements using resistive elements the element being a linear resistance, e.g. platinum resistance thermometer in a specially-adapted circuit, e.g. bridge circuit for modifying the output characteristic, e.g. linearising

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Indication And Recording Devices For Special Purposes And Tariff Metering Devices (AREA)

Description

Schaltanordnung zur Linearisierung der Kennlinie für Thermowiderstände mittels aktiver Schaltelemente in Gegenkopplung Die Erfindung betrifft eine Schaltanordnung zur Linearisierung der Kennlinie für Thermowiderstände mittels aktiver Schaltelemente in Gegenkopplung. Switching arrangement for linearizing the characteristic curve for thermal resistors by means of active switching elements in negative feedback The invention relates to a switching arrangement for linearizing the characteristic curve for thermal resistors by means of active switching elements in negative feedback.

Es ist bekannt, bei der Übertragung von Meßwerten gegengekoppelte Verstärker mit nichtlinearer Beziehung der Ausgangsgröße zur Eingangsgröße vorzusehen und damit eine lineare Beziehung der Meßgröße zu der abgegebenen elektrischen Größe herzustellen. Eine bekannte Anordnung dieser Art benutzt trägerfrequenten Wechselstrom, was einen hohen Aufwand bedingt, da ein besonderer Trägerfrequenzoszillator und abgestimmte Kreise erforderlich sind. Es ist ferner bekannt, Meßverstärker mit Transistoren und Halbleiterdioden auszurüsten. Auch ist es bekannt, mit Hilfe einer Gegenkopplung eine bestimmte Übertragungskennlinie bei Verstärkern herzustellen. It is known that negative feedback is used in the transmission of measured values Provide amplifiers with a non-linear relationship between the output variable and the input variable and thus a linear relationship between the measured variable and the electrical variable output to manufacture. A known arrangement of this type uses carrier-frequency alternating current, which requires a lot of effort, since a special carrier frequency oscillator and coordinated circles are required. It is also known measuring amplifiers with transistors and to equip semiconductor diodes. It is also known to use negative feedback to establish a certain transfer characteristic for amplifiers.

Die Änderung des Widerstandes in Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur ist bei den für Widerstandsthermometer üblichen Materialien keine lineare Funktion. Zur Temperaturanzeige sind daher Anzeigeinstrumente mit einem nichtlinearen Skalenverlauf erforderlich. Der nichtlineare Skalenverlauf kann dabei durch Dioden erzeugt werden. Ferner ist es möglich, besondere Anzeigeinstrumente zu bauen, deren nichtlineares Verhalten der Nichtlinearität des Widerstandsverlaufes in Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur entgegenwirkt. Soll dagegen die mit einem Widerstandsthermometer gemessene Temperatur z.B. mit einem digitalen Anzeigeinstrument angezeigt oder einem Digitalrechner zugeführt werden, so bereitet der Ausgleich der Nichtlinearität Schwierigkeiten, da hierzu, um größeren Aufwand zu vermeiden, eine niederohmige Quelle für den der Meßgröße entsprechenden Strom erforderlich ist. Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, diesen Nachteil zu beseitigen und mit Hilfe einer besonders einfachen Schaltungsanordnung die Nichtlinearität des Widerstandsverlaufes bei Widerstandsthermometern zu beseitigen. Gemäß der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, daß der zu linearisierende Thermowiderstand, an dem die Ausgangsspannung abgenommen wird, als Belastung im Kollektorkreis des ersten Transistors liegt, dessen Basisvorspannung von einem Spannungsteiler, der in an sich bekannter Weise zur Stabilisierung eine Zenerdiode enthält, abgenommen wird, und daß die Kopplung zum Emitterkreis des zweiten Transistors vom Emitterwiderstand des ersten Transistors abgenommen wird und daß die Basis dieses zweiten Transistors unmittelbar mit dem Kollektor des ersten Transistors verbunden ist. The change in resistance as a function of temperature is not a linear function for the materials commonly used for resistance thermometers. Display instruments with a non-linear scale are therefore used to display the temperature necessary. The non-linear scale can be generated by diodes. It is also possible to build special display instruments whose non-linear Behavior of the non-linearity of the resistance curve as a function of the temperature counteracts. Should, however, be the temperature measured with a resistance thermometer e.g. displayed with a digital display instrument or fed to a digital computer the compensation of the non-linearity causes difficulties, since for this purpose, in order to avoid greater effort, a low-resistance source for the measured variable corresponding electricity is required. The invention is based on the object to eliminate this disadvantage and with the help of a particularly simple circuit arrangement to eliminate the non-linearity of the resistance curve in resistance thermometers. According to the invention it is provided that the thermal resistor to be linearized, at which the output voltage is taken, as a load in the collector circuit of the first transistor, whose base bias is from a voltage divider, the contains a Zener diode in a manner known per se for stabilization, removed is, and that the coupling to the emitter circuit of the second transistor from the emitter resistor of the first transistor is removed and that the base of this second transistor is directly connected to the collector of the first transistor.

Die Erfindung ist nachstehend an Hand der Zeichnung an einem Ausführungsbeispiel näher erläutert. The invention is illustrated below with reference to the drawing using an exemplary embodiment explained in more detail.

Mit Th ist hier der Thermometerwiderstand bezeichnet, dieser liegt im Kollektorkreis des Transistors Tr. Die Basisvorspannung des Transistors Trl ist ihrerseits durch Abnahme an dem Spannungsteiler, der aus dem Widerstand Rv und der Zenerdiode Z gebildet wird, weitgehend konstant gehalten. With Th the thermometer resistance is referred to here, this lies in the collector circuit of the transistor Tr. The base bias of the transistor Trl is in turn by a decrease in the voltage divider, which consists of the resistor Rv and the Zener diode Z is formed, kept largely constant.

Der Emittervorwiderstand R1 des Transistors Tri liegt gleichzeitig in Serie mit dem Emittervorwiderstand R2 des Transistors Tr2. Der Transistor Tr2 erhält seine Basisvorspannung von der Kollektorelektrode des Transistors Tr. Die Basisvorspannung des Transistors Tr2 ist somit von der jeweiligen Größe des Thermometerwiderstandes Th abhängig.The emitter series resistor R1 of the transistor Tri is at the same time in series with the emitter series resistor R2 of the transistor Tr2. The transistor Tr2 receives its base bias from the collector electrode of transistor Tr. The The base bias of the transistor Tr2 is thus of the respective size of the thermometer resistance Th dependent

Wird der Widerstand Th größer, so veringert sich die Spannung zwischen Kollektor und Emitter des Transistors Tr. Der Strom durch R1 wird mit Hilfe der Spannung über der Zenerdiode Z und des Transistors Tr, konstant gehalten. Der durch den Transistor Tr2 und den Widerstand R2 fließende Strom nimmt ab, wodurch ein geringes Ansteigen des Stromes durch den Transistor Trl hervorgerufen wird. Die Nichtlinearität des Thermometerwiderstandes Th kann mit großer Genauigkeit durch passende Einstellung der Widerstände RX und R2 ausgeglichen werden. Ebenso kann die durch den Innenwiderstand eines parallel zu Th liegenden Anzeige- instrumentes A erzeugte Nichtlinearität kompensiert werden.If the resistance Th increases, the voltage between Collector and emitter of the transistor Tr. The current through R1 is determined with the help of the Voltage across the Zener diode Z and the transistor Tr, kept constant. The through the transistor Tr2 and the resistor R2 flowing current decreases, whereby a small Increase in the current is caused by the transistor Trl. The non-linearity of the thermometer resistance Th can be adjusted with great accuracy by suitable setting the resistors RX and R2 are balanced. This can also be caused by the internal resistance of a display lying parallel to Th instrument A generated Non-linearity can be compensated.

Claims (1)

PATENTANSPRUCH: Schaltanordnung zur Linearisierung der Kennlinie für Thermowiderstände mittels aktiver Schaltelemente in Gegenkopplung, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der zu linearisierende Thermowiderstand (Th), an dem die Ausgangsspannung abgenommen wird, als Belastung im Kollektorkreis des ersten Transistors (Tr1) liegt, dessen Basisvorspannung von einem Spannungsteiler, der in an sich bekannter Weise zur Stabilisierung eine Zenerdiode enthält, abgenommen wird, und daß die Kopplung zum Emitterkreis des zweiten Transistors vom Emitterwiderstand des ersten Transistors abgenommen wird und daß die Basis dieses zweiten Transistors unmittelbar mit dem Kollektor des ersten Transistors verbunden ist. PATENT CLAIM: Switching arrangement for linearizing the characteristic for thermal resistors by means of active switching elements in negative feedback, characterized in that that the thermal resistor to be linearized (Th), at which the output voltage is taken is, as a load in the collector circuit of the first transistor (Tr1), whose Base bias from a voltage divider that in a manner known per se for stabilization contains a Zener diode, is removed, and that the coupling to the emitter circuit of the second transistor is removed from the emitter resistor of the first transistor and that the base of this second transistor is connected directly to the collector of the first transistor is connected. In Betracht gezogene Druckschriften: Deutsche Patentschrift Nr. 881876; »Elektro-Technik«, Heft 4/5 v. 30. 1. 1960, S. 12 bis 14. Documents considered: German Patent No. 881876; »Elektro-Technik«, issue 4/5 v. January 30, 1960, pp. 12 to 14.
DES71757A 1960-12-21 1960-12-21 Switching arrangement for linearizing the characteristic curve for thermal resistors by means of active switching elements in negative feedback Pending DE1138251B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DES71757A DE1138251B (en) 1960-12-21 1960-12-21 Switching arrangement for linearizing the characteristic curve for thermal resistors by means of active switching elements in negative feedback

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DES71757A DE1138251B (en) 1960-12-21 1960-12-21 Switching arrangement for linearizing the characteristic curve for thermal resistors by means of active switching elements in negative feedback

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE1138251B true DE1138251B (en) 1962-10-18

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DES71757A Pending DE1138251B (en) 1960-12-21 1960-12-21 Switching arrangement for linearizing the characteristic curve for thermal resistors by means of active switching elements in negative feedback

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2084095A5 (en) * 1970-03-03 1971-12-17 Lucas Industries Ltd

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE881876C (en) * 1940-05-01 1953-07-02 Philips Nv Device for transferring changes in a mechanical quantity into electrical voltage changes

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE881876C (en) * 1940-05-01 1953-07-02 Philips Nv Device for transferring changes in a mechanical quantity into electrical voltage changes

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2084095A5 (en) * 1970-03-03 1971-12-17 Lucas Industries Ltd

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