DE1194293B - Monitoring device with ionization chamber - Google Patents
Monitoring device with ionization chamberInfo
- Publication number
- DE1194293B DE1194293B DET21606A DET0021606A DE1194293B DE 1194293 B DE1194293 B DE 1194293B DE T21606 A DET21606 A DE T21606A DE T0021606 A DET0021606 A DE T0021606A DE 1194293 B DE1194293 B DE 1194293B
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- rays
- radium
- ionization chamber
- monitoring device
- alpha
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-AKLPVKDBSA-N lead-210 Chemical compound [210Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-AKLPVKDBSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012857 radioactive material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000941 radioactive substance Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 11
- 229910052705 radium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- HCWPIIXVSYCSAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N radium atom Chemical compound [Ra] HCWPIIXVSYCSAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- HZEBHPIOVYHPMT-OUBTZVSYSA-N Polonium-210 Chemical compound [210Po] HZEBHPIOVYHPMT-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052699 polonium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HZEBHPIOVYHPMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N polonium atom Chemical compound [Po] HZEBHPIOVYHPMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/62—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating the ionisation of gases, e.g. aerosols; by investigating electric discharges, e.g. emission of cathode
- G01N27/64—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating the ionisation of gases, e.g. aerosols; by investigating electric discharges, e.g. emission of cathode using wave or particle radiation to ionise a gas, e.g. in an ionisation chamber
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Measurement Of Radiation (AREA)
Description
Überwachungsgerät mit Ionisationskammer Zur Überwachung von Medien, wie Luft, sind Geräte mit einer Ionisationskammer bekannt, deren Durchgangswiderstand in Abhängigkeit von der Anreicherung des überwachten Mediums mit Fremdstoffen verändert wird. Zum Beispiel verwenden Rauchmelder eine mit der Luft des zu überwachenden Raumes in Verbindung stehende und mit zwei Elektroden ausgerüstete Kammer, bei welcher die Luftstrecke zwischen beiden Elektroden durch Alphastrahlen eines radioaktiven Materials ionisiert wird. Auch sind Meßverfahren zur Bestimmung der Zusammensetzung von Gasen oder Dämpfen bekannt, welche Alphastrahlen verwenden.Monitoring device with ionization chamber For monitoring media, like air, devices with an ionization chamber are known, the volume resistance of which changed depending on the enrichment of the monitored medium with foreign substances will. For example, smoke alarms use one with the air of the one being monitored Chamber connected to the room and equipped with two electrodes, in which the air gap between the two electrodes by alpha rays of a radioactive Material is ionized. There are also measuring methods for determining the composition known of gases or vapors which use alpha rays.
Die bekannten Einrichtungen dieser Art sind mit radioaktivem Material bestückt, welches neben Alphastrahlen in erheblichem Maße Gammastrahlung abgibt und daher nach der Strahlenschutzverordnung nicht ohne weiteres eingesetzt werden kann. The known facilities of this type are with radioactive material equipped, which in addition to alpha rays emits a considerable amount of gamma radiation and therefore cannot be used without further ado according to the Radiation Protection Ordinance can.
Die Erfindung bezweckt, die Verwendungsmöglichkeit von Überwachungsgeräten mit Ionisationskammern zu verbessern.The aim of the invention is to enable monitoring devices to be used to improve with ionization chambers.
Dies erreicht die Erfindung dadurch, daß zum Zwecke der Ionisierung ein solcher radioaktiver Stoff, z. B. Blei-Isotop Pb 210 (Radium D + E + F) benutzt ist, der selbst und dessen durch den Zerfall entstehende Folgeprodukte außer Alphastrahlen und gegebenenfalls Betastrahlen nur einen unschädlich geringen Anteil sonstiger Strahlen aussendet und bei dem durch den Zerfall keine gasförmigen Folgeprodukte entstehen. This is achieved by the invention in that for the purpose of ionization such a radioactive material, e.g. B. lead isotope Pb 210 (radium D + E + F) is used is itself and its decay resulting products other than alpha rays and possibly beta rays only a harmless small proportion of others Emits rays and no gaseous secondary products due to the decay develop.
Die Strahlung eines Stoffes wie Blei-Isotop Pb 210 (Radium D + E + F) kann mit einem geringen Aufwand an Abschirmmitteln so geschwächt werden, daß die einschlägigen Bestimmungen der Strahlenschutzverordnung eingehalten werden können. The radiation of a substance such as lead isotope Pb 210 (radium D + E + F) can be weakened with a small amount of shielding means that the relevant provisions of the Radiation Protection Ordinance can be complied with.
Das Radiumfolgeprodukt Radium D (Pb 210) zerfällt unter Abgabe leicht abschirmbarer Betastrahlung mit einer Halbwertzeit von 25 Jahren in das Radiumfolgeprodukt Radium E (Bi 210). Hierbei werden zwar auch an sich schädliche Gammastrahlen abgegeben, jedoch mit so geringer Energie, daß sie leicht abgeschirmt werden können. Auch Radium E zerfällt unter Abgabe leicht abschirmbarer Betastrahlung, jedoch mit einer Halbwertzeit von wenigen (5) Tagen in das Radiumfolgeprodukt Radium F (Po 210). Das Poloniumisotop schließlich zerfällt unter Abgabe leicht abschirmbarer Alphastrahlung mit einer Halbwertzeit von 138 Tagen in das stabile Blei-Isotop Radium G (Pb 210). Während der gesamten Verfallszeit werden von dem Präparat Radium D + E + F somit im wesentlichen Alpha- und Betastrahlen abgegeben, die den Gasraum in der gewünschten Weise ionisieren. The radium by-product radium D (Pb 210) disintegrates easily when released shieldable beta radiation with a half-life of 25 years in the radium progeny Radium E (Bi 210). In this case, harmful gamma rays are also emitted, but with so little energy that they can easily be shielded. Also radium E decays with the release of easily shieldable beta radiation, but with a half-life of a few (5) days into the radium-derived product Radium F (Po 210). The polonium isotope finally disintegrates with the emission of easily shieldable alpha radiation with a Half-life of 138 days in the stable lead isotope radium G (Pb 210). While the total expiration time of the preparation Radium D + E + F are thus essentially Alpha and Beta rays are emitted, which ionize the gas space in the desired manner.
Die Wandungen der gemäß der Erfindung mit einem solchen Präparat ausgestatteten Ionisationskammer können mit geringem Aufwand so dimensioniert werden, daß die Bestimmungen der Strahlenschutzverordnung eingehalten werden. Die erzeugten Alphateilchen haben eine Reichweite von etwa 4 cm in Luft. Die Betastrahlung beträgt in 10 cm Abstand von dem Strahler nur etwa 0,3 mrem/h, so daß die Jahresdosis für eine mit dem Strahler hantierende Person, die sich üblicherweise in einem Abstand von etwa 50 cm aufhält, weit unter der durch die natürliche Umgebungsstrahlung verursachten Dosis von etwa 100 mrem pro Jahr bleibt. Da ferner keine gasförmigen Zerfallprodukte vorkommen, welche aus der Ionisationskammer austreten könnten, kann auch nach den Bestimmungen der Strahlenschutzverordnung von der Verpflichtung zur Messung der Personendosis abgesehen werden, und es kann die Handhabung des Gerätes einem größeren Personenkreis freigestellt werden. Für den technischen Einsatz des Überwachungsgerätes ist dies von entscheidender Bedeutung. The walls of the according to the invention with such a preparation equipped ionization chambers can be dimensioned with little effort so that that the provisions of the Radiation Protection Ordinance are observed. The generated Alpha particles have a range of about 4 cm in air. The beta radiation is at a distance of 10 cm from the emitter only about 0.3 mrem / h, so that the annual dose for a person handling the emitter who is usually at a distance of about 50 cm, far below that caused by the natural ambient radiation Dose of around 100 mrem per year remains. Furthermore, there are no gaseous decomposition products that could emerge from the ionization chamber can also occur after the Provisions of the Radiation Protection Ordinance from the obligation to measure the Personal dose can be disregarded, and it can make the handling of the device a larger one Group of people are exempted. For the technical use of the monitoring device this is vital.
Die durch die Erfindung getroffene Auswahl einer kleinen Gruppe aus der Vielzahl radioaktiver, Alphastrahlen aussendender Stoffe erhöht die Einsatzmöglichkeit von Überwachungsgeräten mit einer Ionisationskammer in erheblichem Maße. The selection of a small group made by the invention the multitude of radioactive substances emitting alpha rays increases the possibility of use of monitoring devices with an ionization chamber to a considerable extent.
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DET21606A DE1194293B (en) | 1962-02-16 | 1962-02-16 | Monitoring device with ionization chamber |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DET21606A DE1194293B (en) | 1962-02-16 | 1962-02-16 | Monitoring device with ionization chamber |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE1194293B true DE1194293B (en) | 1965-06-03 |
Family
ID=7550186
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DET21606A Pending DE1194293B (en) | 1962-02-16 | 1962-02-16 | Monitoring device with ionization chamber |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE1194293B (en) |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1067243B (en) * | 1955-10-10 | 1959-10-15 | ||
| DE1089193B (en) * | 1957-10-24 | 1960-09-15 | Francais Detection Eletr | Gas analysis and gas warning device and ionization chamber for this device |
-
1962
- 1962-02-16 DE DET21606A patent/DE1194293B/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1067243B (en) * | 1955-10-10 | 1959-10-15 | ||
| DE1089193B (en) * | 1957-10-24 | 1960-09-15 | Francais Detection Eletr | Gas analysis and gas warning device and ionization chamber for this device |
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