DE1185338B - Valve arrangement for ventilators - Google Patents

Description

FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY

GERMAN

PATENT OFFICE

EDITORIAL

Boarding school Class: A 61h

German Kl .: 30 k -13/01

Number: 1185 338

File number: B 48594IX d / 30 k

Filing date: April 17, 1958

Opening day: January 14, 1965

The present invention relates to a device with the help of which the flow of a breathing gas can be regulated, which a patient is supplied for the purpose of gas anesthesia or artificial ventilation.

In such treatments, the method of supplying the breathing gas to the patient depends in each case depends on whether the patient is able to breathe naturally or not. When the patient is in is able to breathe naturally, then it is desirable to give him the breathing gas according to his as needed, while when the patient is unable to breathe unaided, it is customary is to supply him with the breathing gas during an inhalation phase under positive pressure and the gas supply pausing during an exhalation phase to allow the patient's lungs to expand to evacuate to the outside atmosphere during this exhalation phase. The duration of each Phases can either correspond to a certain time sequence or also according to the respective The pressure prevailing in the patient's lungs can be regulated automatically, or it can be controlled manually be controlled by, for example, pushing the face mask away from the patient's face during the respective exhalation periods will.

There are already valve assemblies for ventilators known in which a valve flap Function of two check valves and depending on the pressure difference prevailing at her moment either the respiratory gas supply or the outlet opening for the respiratory gas releases or closes. These known valve assemblies are only useful in the medical field when the The patient is able to breathe on his own or if a ventilator is also available stands, which generates a breathing gas with pulsating pressure.

In other known valve arrangements for ventilators, the breathing gas supply is through a membrane controlled, one side of which is atmospheric pressure and the other side of which is breathing pressure of the patient is exposed while the breathing gas outlet opening is provided with a non-return valve is. These known valve arrangements are only used in connection with ventilators Can be used for patients with their own breathing activity. In particular, they are also unreliable and very difficult to adjust to certain conditions when a compressed gas is used as breathing gas comes.

Valve assembly for ventilators

Applicant:

The British Oxygen Company Limited, London

Representative:

Dipl.-Ing. R. Holzer, patent attorney,

Augsburg, Philippine-Welser-Str. 14th

Named as inventor:

Geoffrey Donald Black, Tottenham

(Great Britain)

Claimed priority:

Great Britain from April 24, 1957 (13 075) -

Furthermore, valve arrangements for ventilators have become known, through which the respiratory gas supply and removal from the patient by an automatic reversal without the patient having to do anything. However, these valve arrangements are only applicable when the breathing gas is below a relatively high level Pressure is available and when the patient needs a certain amount of breathing gas without breathing must be entered. In addition to the limited possible applications, there is also a Another disadvantage of these known valve arrangements is that they are always very expensive to operate are, as a relatively large amount of compressed gas as a control medium for the automatic reversing mechanism is needed.

Finally, valve assemblies for ventilators have become known, which both for the artificial Ventilation of patients without their own breathing activity with compressed gas as well as for ventilation own breathing activity are suitable. These known valve assemblies have, inter alia, a a complicated mechanism for operating an inlet valve for the gas to be supplied under pressure another inlet valve in the form of a check valve for this gas and an outlet valve also in the form a check valve. These known valve arrangements are relatively heavy and complicated and expensive. A change in the type of ventilation when resuming one's own breathing activity a patient initially treated without breathing is in these known valve arrangements

409 768/31

3 4

only by nursing staff with technical expertise - an air inlet opening arranged in the outlet chamber

nis possible. net is. This opening can, for example, by means of

The invention is based on the object that a slide is closed when the device is to be used with the known Ventilanord- for excess pressure breathing mentioned disadvantages,
avoidance and a valve arrangement for 5 The invention will now be in detail to create a ventilator, which was written for example with reference to the drawings, positive pressure ventilation as well as self-breathing. It shows

is suitable and which even during a F i g. 1 a central longitudinal section through a valve positive pressure ventilation a reinserting self-arrangement according to the present invention for additional breathing with a different breathing rhythm no return of oxygen to a patient, whereby the stood opposite. The purpose of the invention is to have non-moving parts of the valve assembly in positions which the creation of the simplest possible and are shown which they approve of before beginning the inhalation Valve arrangement for a ventilator. take period with positive pressure breathing,

Accordingly, the invention proceeds from a valve - Fig. 2 is a view similar to Fig. 1, but with

arrangement with a manually operated, alternately 15, the moving parts are now shown in positions

an inlet and an outlet opening are closed, which they inhale during the inhalation phase

take the valve disc to regulate the gas flow,

Ventilator, which is suitable for both positive pressure F i g. 3 is a view similar to FIGS. 1 and 2, ventilation as well as self-breathing is suitable. One, however, the moving parts are now in Stelder-like According to the invention, the device is shown to be successful, which characterizes it during the that the valve disc occupy with one in a breathing phase,

Inlet chamber arranged pressure-sensitive F i g. 4 a central longitudinal section through a

Diaphragm is connected and an embodiment of a valve arrangement that is converted with the patient

to be connected outlet chamber via the outlet valve according to the invention, the moving parts in

Opening with the 25 positions to be connected to a gas source are drawn, which they during the

Occupy the inlet chamber and via the outlet valve opening with the exhalation phase with pressure breathing, and

a tubular element leading into the open in FIG. 5 is a view similar to FIG. 4, where the

Connection. moving parts are now in positions

With positive pressure ventilation, the valve disc will show what it is during the inhalation phase

through the membrane, on which the positive pressure 30 assume during pressure breathing.

in all figures, the same parts are with the same

denoted by reference numerals by a push button attached to the membrane.

be redirected from the outside. In the case of self-breathing It is now referred to FIG. 1 to 3 reference remained the diaphragm initially ineffective and controls taken. The valve arrangement shown there operate The valve disk or the breathing gas flow only consists essentially of a cylindrical bottom the action of the lung activity housing 10, which generated on its upper and lower forehead Overpressure or underpressure. side tight through the outwardly bulging shell

In a special embodiment of the invention-shaped caps 11 and 12 is completed. That

The idea behind the valve arrangement is that the housing 10 is radially through a partition wall 13 in

pressure sensitive membrane a valve stem to 40 an inlet chamber 14 and an outlet chamber 15

brought on which the valve disc floating subdivided. The housing 10 is provided with an inlet opening

Mend provided by means of a closure of the opening 16, which in the inlet chamber 14

Inlet valve opening biased, soft spring opens, this inlet opening 16 at a

is stored. As a result of this measure, the breathing device can be connected, which

Valve disc under the action of a certain 45 either oxygen under excess pressure continued the

Pressure difference also then from the inlet valve opening patient supplies or what oxygen the pa-

take off the ventilation when positive pressure ventilation supplies the patient to his own breathing as required,

and the push button is not pressed. d. i.e., in the latter case the gas only increases

This makes it the patient even with overpressure flows when the patient starts the attempt

Ventilation possible, to breathe deeply as soon as 50 turns, to breathe in. The housing 10 is also

he is able to do so. provided with an outlet opening 17, which in the

According to a further embodiment of the invention outlet chamber 15 opens and which is based on a thought can be connected to generate a low face mask. In the negative pressure in the outlet chamber during the drawings are the inlet port 16 and the exhalation phase a Venturi tube with an associated outlet opening 17 is shown coaxially to one another. the Nozzle is provided through which, however, during the outward radial position of these openings, with rebreathing phase with positive pressure ventilation respiratory gas looks at the manufacture of the device or with backflow. As a result, the patient's exhalation looks at the operation of the device differently relieved. Such Venturi tubes are in themselves to be included.

associated nozzles for positive pressure ventilators 60 The partition 13 is provided with a central valve

th known; however, they only serve there for opening 18, which provides a connection between

Generating one for the reversal of the breathing gas see the inlet chamber 14 and the outlet chamber

absolutely necessary negative pressure. 15 allows. The valve opening 18 is on the

The valve device can, if desired, be on the start-up chamber side with an annular valve seat 19

be arranged that provided with a setting of the respiratory 65.

device on breathing as required by the patient this The wall opposite the partition 13

an oxygen-air mixture can be supplied. the inlet chamber 14 is made of a flexible

This can be done in that membrane 20 is formed in the wall, which is gas-tight on its periphery

5 6

between an inner flange 21 on the upper face, whereby either the valve opening 18 or the side of the housing 10 and a pressure ring 22 a vent opening is closed. The valve pressed is, in turn, through the front cap disc is supported by a light spring 42, which the 11 is held in position. The end cap surrounds the valve stem and has one end on the 11 is pierced by openings 23, so that the s valve disk 40 and with the other end on one Outside of the membrane 20 rests under atmosphere nut 43, which verdruck on the threaded stands. See end 44 of the valve stem 24 screwed on

The membrane 20 is arranged coaxially, pressed in the direction of a shoulder 41, Neten valve stem 24 equipped, which through the valves which on the valve stem 24 at one point

valve opening 18 is formed in a manner to be described io, which is chosen so that the paragraph 41 un-

protrudes. This valve stem 24 is then located within the valve opening 18 by means of a danger,

Thread extension 25 of smaller diameter than when the actuating button 27 on the flange 31

the valve stem itself attached to the membrane 20, rests. The tension of the spring 42 can through

this thread extension can be adjusted by a central rotation of the nut 43 so that

opening of the membrane 20 is pushed through and in 15 between the valve disk 40 and the valve seat 19

a threaded hole 26 of a manual control button creates enough pressure so that the valve opening

fes 27 is screwed in. Between the membrane 20 18 against that prevailing in the inlet chamber 14

and one between the valve stem 24 and the pressure is closed when the breathing apparatus is on

Thread extension 25 formed paragraph as well as between the delivery of oxygen under overpressure a

the membrane and the actuating button 27 are 20 is set.

Sealing rings 28 and 29 arranged through which When the device is in operation, the inlet opening gas is prevented from flowing past the membrane 20 to the outlet tube of a ventilator, closed, while the outlet port 17 to a

The operating button 27 protrudes through a central face mask is attached. When the patient

opening 30 of the end cap 11 is not able to breathe by itself, then it will

by that he set his finger or thumb ventilator so that the patient

can be depressed, as a result of which the membrane is continuously supplied with oxygen under positive pressure

20 is moved in the direction of the partition wall 13. The pressure of the inside the inlet chamber 14

will. The opening 30 is provided with an inwardly projecting gas acting on the membrane 20 and

the flange 31 is provided, which moves the same outward on a shoulder 32 of the 30 until this loading

Actuating button 27 is applied and a stop movement of the membrane 20 by the stop of the

forms for the actuating button 27 in order to prevent the actuating button 27 being limited to the flange 31

that the membrane 20 is excessively far behind. This movement of the membrane 20 brings the

is moved outside. Valve disk 40 in tight contact with the valve seat

The outlet chamber 15 has a venting 35 19, whereby the valve opening is closed and

Opening which the gas supply to the outlet opening 17 is blocked by a tubular element 33

is formed, which coaxially through the frontal (F i g. 1).

Cap 12 is passed through, connection with the Now the face mask is the patient Outside atmosphere. The tubular element 33 is put on and the control button 27 by hand protrudes in the direction of the partition wall 13 inward, 40 depressed, whereby the membrane 20 so far the inner face of this tubular is pressed inwards until the valve disc 40 Element forms a valve seat 34, which rests tightly against the valve seat 34 in a short time, whereby the Ent-distance from the partition wall 13 is arranged. The ventilation opening is closed and the Sauer interior of the tubular member 33 has access from the inlet chamber 14 through the substance a check valve connection with the external 45 valve opening 18 through to the outlet chamber 15 and atmosphere, with this check valve from there to the patient's respiratory system ring-shaped, placed on the inside of the tubular, at the same time any gaseous Element 33 formed valve seat 35 and flow through the vent opening through common Valve element 36 is formed, which is also blocked (FIG. 2).

by means of a compression spring 37 pressed onto its seat 50 after a period of time that is sufficiently large which must have one end on the valve element 36 to enable the lungs of the and with their other end on a bolt 38 patients inflate the actuation button is applied, which is released into the outer end face of the tubular 27, whereby the membrane 20 is now shaped Elements 33 is screwed in. That by more under the influence of that in the inlet chamber the gas flowing through this check valve can open so far inwards due to the prevailing gas pressure 39 in the over the front cap 12 can because of until the valve disc 40 in turn protruding part of the tubular element to the valve opening 18 closes. At the same time, the Get outside atmosphere. Vent released so that now the

The valve stem 24 protrudes, as already mentioned above, gas exhaled by the patient through the tube, through the valve opening 18 into the 60-shaped element 33 through the valve element Outlet chamber 15 in. The valve stem 24 ends 36 and the openings 39 to the outside atmosphere inside the tubular element 33. On which can emerge (Fig. 3).

Valve stem 24 is between the valve seat 19, the This game is now so long in rhyth-

Valve opening 18 and valve seat 34 of the tubular-mixing interval repeated until breathing is full.

shaped element 33 a valve disc 40 is comprehensively 65 and the patient is able to independently

slidably arranged, whose diameter is so large to breathe constantly and naturally,

is that this disc is either on the valve- Now the ventilator is on that

seat 19 or can apply to the valve seat 34, the operating state is changed in which it is the

Breathing gas intermittently supplies as needed by the patient, and the operator now leaves release button 27. Since there is no longer any overpressure in the inlet chamber 14, The membrane 20 tries to assume a neutral position in which the valve disc 40 is between the seats 19 and 34 is located, but does not rest against any of these seats, so that both the valve opening 18 and the vent opening are open. If the patient now inhales, in the outlet chamber and in the inlet chamber each build up a negative pressure, and the membrane 20 is now sucked inwards, moving the valve disc 40 into sealing contact with the seat 34, whereby the vent opening is closed and the valve opening 18 is fully opened, as shown in FIG F i g. 2 is shown. The gas supplied by the ventilator can now be used directly The patient's respiratory system flow. When the patient exhales, in the inlet chamber and an overpressure is built up in the outlet chamber, and the membrane 20 is now moved outwards, whereby the valve disc 40 is moved into sealing contact with the valve seat 19, which causes a closure the valve opening 18 has the consequence, whereby the gas supply to the patient is interrupted and the vent opening is opened to allow the air exhaled by the patient to escape to allow a free atmosphere, as shown in FIG. 3 is shown.

In case the patient as long as the ventilator is still on continued gas supply under positive pressure suddenly able to breathe naturally and try to breathe as long as the actuation button 27 is not pressed in and, as a result, the valve opening 18 is closed, there is less in the outlet chamber 15 as a result of the patient's attempt to inhale Generates negative pressure large enough to cause the valve disc 40 to run along the valve stem 24 slides against the action of the compression spring 42, whereby the sealing contact of the valve disc 40 lifted at the valve seat 19 and the valve opening 18 is released, so that now Gas can flow to the patient's respiratory system.

Reference is now made to FIGS. 4 and 5 taken. These represent a modified embodiment the in the F i g. 1, 2 and 3 illustrated valve arrangement according to the invention, in which a slight negative pressure in the outlet chamber 15 during the exhalation phase in the case of overpressure breathing is built up, which supports the emptying of the patient's lungs.

In this modified embodiment of the invention, the end of the valve stem 24 is within of the tubular member 33 is provided with a bore 45 so that a nozzle is formed. The bore 45 ends in a transverse bore 46, which has openings 47 on the surface of the valve stem 24 opens, which lie between the shoulder 41 and the nut 43, so that when the valve disc 40 is in close contact with the valve seat 19 and the valve opening 18 is closed is, opens within the inlet chamber 14. The nozzle formed by the bore 45 acts with a Venturi tube 48 together, which represents an upper extension of the check valve seat 35 and terminates within the tubular member 33. The bore 45 is made by means of a perforated plate 49, which is held on the valve stem 24 by means of the nut 43 and inside the tubular Element 33 can slide, held in axial coverage with the Venturi tube 48. the Valve disk 40 is provided with an upstanding neck 50 which surrounds valve stem 24 and then closes the openings 47 when the valve disk 40 rests against the shoulder 41. at In this modified embodiment of the valve arrangement according to the invention, the shoulder 41 is on a location of the valve stem 24 which is chosen so that the openings 47 through the neck 50 not be covered when the valve disc 40 is in close contact with the seat 19 and the valve opening 18 is locked.

In operation of the valve arrangement is during the exhalation phase with overpressure breathing when the Valve opening 18 is closed in the manner described above, the pressurized gas into the Inlet chamber 14 admitted and passes from there into the bore 45 and through the openings 47 as well the transverse bore 46, from where it enters the venturi 48 as a jet before it passes through the check valve leaks into the outside atmosphere. The effect of the jet pipe and the venturi pipe has result in the build-up of a slight negative pressure in the outlet chamber 15 and increases as a result the expiratory flow (Fig. 4).

During the inhalation phase, the valve disk 40 is opened by the action of the compression spring 42 Moved along the valve stem 24 until the neck 50 rests against the shoulder 41 and thereby the Openings 47 covers. This prevents gas loss during this phase of the breathing sequence (Fig. 5).

Claims (4)

Patent claims: 1. Valve arrangement for a ventilator, which both for positive pressure ventilation as well is suitable for self-breathing, with a hand-operated, alternating inlet and a valve disc closing the outlet valve opening for regulating the gas flow, thereby characterized in that the valve disc (40) is connected to a pressure-sensitive membrane (20) arranged in an inlet chamber (14) and an outlet chamber (15) to be connected to the patient via the inlet valve opening (18) with the inlet chamber (14) to be connected to a gas source and via the outlet valve opening with one leading to the outside tubular element (33) is in communication. 2. Valve arrangement according to claim 1, characterized by one on the pressure-sensitive Diaphragm (20) attached valve stem (24 on which the valve disc (40) floating by means of a soft pretensioned in the sense of a closure of the inlet valve opening (18) Spring (42) is mounted. 3. Valve arrangement according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a Venturi tube (48) with an associated nozzle is provided for generating a slight negative pressure in the outlet chamber (15) during the exhalation phase. 4. Valve arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that for admixing atmospheric air to the breathing gas in the outlet chamber one with the External atmosphere communicating, closable opening is provided. Considered publications: French Patent No. 1038 345, British Patent No. 748 363, U.S. Patent Nos. 2,736,331, 2,617,411, 2,453,475. 1 sheet of drawings 409 768/31 1.65 Bundesdruckerei Berlin