DE1171082B - Glass activated with neodymium as a selectively fluorescent medium for an optical transmitter or amplifier - Google Patents
Glass activated with neodymium as a selectively fluorescent medium for an optical transmitter or amplifierInfo
- Publication number
- DE1171082B DE1171082B DEJ22302A DEJ0022302A DE1171082B DE 1171082 B DE1171082 B DE 1171082B DE J22302 A DEJ22302 A DE J22302A DE J0022302 A DEJ0022302 A DE J0022302A DE 1171082 B DE1171082 B DE 1171082B
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- percent
- weight
- glass
- amplifier
- neodymium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 title claims description 13
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 6
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 3
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 3
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910017493 Nd 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005388 borosilicate glass Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000005331 crown glasses (windows) Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004031 devitrification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001552 barium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006121 base glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010979 ruby Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001750 ruby Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/14—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range characterised by the material used as the active medium
- H01S3/16—Solid materials
- H01S3/17—Solid materials amorphous, e.g. glass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
- C03C3/095—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing rare earths
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C4/00—Compositions for glass with special properties
- C03C4/0071—Compositions for glass with special properties for laserable glass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C4/00—Compositions for glass with special properties
- C03C4/12—Compositions for glass with special properties for luminescent glass; for fluorescent glass
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
Description
BUNDESREPUBLIK DEUTSCHLAND DEUTSCHES '/MWVSR PATENTAMTFEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY DEUTSCHES '/ MWVSR PATENTAMT
AUSLEGESCHRIFTEDITORIAL
Nummer:
Aktenzeichen:
Anmeldetag:
Auslegetag:Number:
File number:
Registration date:
Display day:
Internat. KL:Boarding school KL:
Deutsche Kl.: 2If-90 German class: 2If- 90
^iW KIJ^ iW KIJ
Pat. BI. \ Pat. BI. \
NeuesNew
Akfz.,Akfz.,
J 22302 VIII c / 21 f
25. August 1962
27. Mai 1964J 22302 VIII c / 21 f
August 25, 1962
May 27, 1964
S 6· US 6 U
Es ist bekannt, daß die Energiezustände der Elektronen des Nd3+-Ions wenig von dem äußeren Feld, d. h. der Einwirkung des Einbettungsmittels, abhängig sind. Deshalb war zu erwarten, daß dieses Ion auch eine selektive Fluoreszenz ergibt, wenn es statt in ein Kristallgitter in ein Glasnetzwerk eingebaut wird.It is known that the energy states of the electrons of the Nd 3+ ion are little dependent on the external field, ie the action of the embedding agent. It was therefore to be expected that this ion would also give selective fluorescence if it was incorporated into a glass network instead of a crystal lattice.
Da für die Strahlungseigenschaften eines optischen Festkörpersenders- oder Verstärkers die Homogenität des verwendeten Materials von entscheidender Bedeutung ist, muß an ein selektiv fluoreszentes Medium die Anforderung sehr hoher Homogenität gestellt werden. Es hat sich beispielsweise gezeigt, daß Rubinkristalle mit Schlieren keine selektive Fluoreszenz ergaben.As for the radiation properties of an optical solid-state transmitter or amplifier, the homogeneity The material used is of critical importance, must adhere to a selectively fluorescent medium the requirement of very high homogeneity must be made. It has been shown, for example, that ruby crystals with streaks did not result in selective fluorescence.
Es ist auch bereits vorgeschlagen worden, ein Bariumkronglas folgender Zusammensetzung als Medium für selektive Fluoreszenz zu verwenden:It has also already been proposed to use a barium crown glass of the following composition as a medium to use for selective fluorescence:
59 Gewichtsprozent SiO2,59 percent by weight SiO 2 ,
25 Gewichtsprozent BaO,
15 Gewichtsprozent K2O,
1 Gewichtsprozent Sb2O3.25 percent by weight BaO,
15 percent by weight K 2 O,
1 weight percent Sb 2 O 3 .
Es hat sich aber gezeigt, daß dieses Bariumkronglas nur unter Schwierigkeiten schlierenfrei herzustellen ist. Diese Aussage wird durch die Temperaturabhängigkeit der Viskosität des Glases erklärt.It has been shown, however, that this barium crown glass can only be produced without streaks with difficulty is. This statement is explained by the temperature dependence of the viscosity of the glass.
Außerdem zeigt dieses Glas eine deutliche Entglasungstendenz. Als obere Entglasungsgrenze wurde 1050° C, als untere Entglasungsgrenze 765° C festgestellt. Das Maximum der Kristallisationsgeschwindigkeit liegt bei 960° C. Bei dieser Temperatur beträgt die Wachstumsgeschwindigkeit der Kristalle 1,6 μΐη/ Min.In addition, this glass shows a clear tendency to devitrify. The upper limit of devitrification was 1050 ° C, determined as the lower devitrification limit 765 ° C. The maximum of the crystallization rate lies at 960 ° C. At this temperature the growth rate of the crystals is 1.6 μΐη / Min.
Es wurde nun gefunden, daß es gelingt, ein für optische Festkörpersender- oder Verstärker geeignetes Material dadurch herzustellen, daß erfindungsgemäß das Glas ein Borosilikatglas ist, in das bis zu 8 Gewichtsprozent Nd2O3 eingebaut sind.It has now been found that it is possible to produce a material suitable for solid-state optical transmitters or amplifiers by virtue of the fact that, according to the invention, the glass is a borosilicate glass in which up to 8 percent by weight of Nd 2 O 3 is incorporated.
Als zweckmäßig hat sich ein Grundglas mit folgender Zusammensetzung ergeben:A base glass with the following composition has proven to be useful:
SiO2 58,6 GewichtsprozentSiO 2 58.6 percent by weight
B2O3 19,6 GewichtsprozentB 2 O 3 19.6 weight percent
Al2O3 1,4 GewichtsprozentAl 2 O 3 1.4 weight percent
ZnO 5,8 GewichtsprozentZnO 5.8 percent by weight
Na2O 14,2 GewichtsprozentNa 2 O 14.2 percent by weight
As2O3 0,4 GewichtsprozentAs 2 O 3 0.4 percent by weight
Mit Neodym aktiviertes Glas als selektiv
fluoreszentes Medium für einen optischen
Sender oder VerstärkerGlass activated with neodymium as selective
fluorescent medium for an optical
Transmitter or amplifier
Anmelder:Applicant:
Jenaer Glaswerk Schott & Gen.,
Mainz, Hattenbergstr. 10Jenaer Glaswerk Schott & Gen.,
Mainz, Hattenbergstr. 10
Als Erfinder benannt:Named as inventor:
Dipl.-Phys. Dr. Emil Deeg, Mainz-Gonsenheim,Dipl.-Phys. Dr. Emil Deeg, Mainz-Gonsenheim,
Marga Faulstich, MainzMarga Faulstich, Mainz
Ein optisch homogenes, dreiwertiges Neodym enthaltendes, gegen Entglasung stabiles, glasiges Medium hat folgende Gesamtzusammensetzung:An optically homogeneous, trivalent neodymium containing, stable against devitrification, vitreous medium has the following overall composition:
Eingewogen alsWeighed in as
SiO2 57,5 Gewichtsprozent SiO2 SiO 2 57.5 percent by weight SiO 2
B2O3 19,2 Gewichtsprozent H3BO3 B 2 O 3 19.2 percent by weight H 3 BO 3
AI2O3 1,4 Gewichtsprozent Al(OH)3 Al 2 O 3 1.4 weight percent Al (OH) 3
ZnO 5,7 Gewichtsprozent ZnOZnO 5.7 weight percent ZnO
Na2O 13,9 Gewichtsprozent Na2CO3 Na 2 O 13.9 weight percent Na 2 CO 3
As2O3 0,3 Gewichtsprozent As2O5 As 2 O 3 0.3 weight percent As 2 O 5
Nd2O3 2,0 Gewichtsprozent Nd2O3 Nd 2 O 3 2.0 weight percent Nd 2 O 3
Das eingewogene gut gemischte Gemenge wird in einem Platintiegel unstetig oder in einer Wanne stetig bei etwa 1350 bis 1370° C eingeschmolzen (V2I in etwa 1 Stunde). Anschließend bei 1420° C geläutert (V2I 30 Minuten) und zur Homogenisierung von bis 1200° C abgerührt (V2I etwa 45 Minuten, Umdr./Min.). Die Schmelze gießt man je nach Schmelzverfahren bei 1250 bis 1200° C in eine vorgewärmte Eisenform (V2I 1200°C), oder läßt die Schmelze auf ein Gießband ablaufen. Die gegossene Schmelze wird dann in einem Kühlofen ab 560° C langsam gekühlt und bei Zimmertemperatur entnommen. Die Kühlgeschwindigkeit (30 bis 40°C/Std.) richtet sich nach der Größe der gegossenen Blöcke oder Barren. Gute Ergebnisse wurden bereits mit 10°C/Std. gekühlten Stäben erhalten.The weighed, well-mixed mixture is melted in a platinum crucible or continuously in a pan at about 1350 to 1370 ° C (V 2 I in about 1 hour). Then refined at 1420 ° C (V 2 I 30 minutes) and stirred to homogenize up to 1200 ° C (V 2 I about 45 minutes, rev./min.). Depending on the melting process, the melt is poured into a preheated iron mold (V 2 I 1200 ° C.) at 1250 to 1200 ° C., or the melt is allowed to run off onto a casting belt. The poured melt is then slowly cooled in a cooling furnace from 560 ° C. and removed at room temperature. The cooling speed (30 to 40 ° C / hour) depends on the size of the cast blocks or bars. Good results were already achieved at 10 ° C / hour. Obtained cooled rods.
. .; .. ■ . ..;. _.+ 409 597/183. .; .. ■. ..;. _. + 409 597/183
Die Eigenschaften des Glases sind in folgender Tabelle zusammengestellt. In der Tabelle bedeutetThe properties of the glass are summarized in the following table. In the table means
ν = Abbesche Zahl, ν = Abbe number,
na — Brechungsindex bei derWellenlänge587,6nm, nc = Brechungsindex bei der Wellenlänge 656,3 nm, Hf = Brechungsindex bei der Wellenlänge 486,1 nm. na - refractive index at wavelength 587.6 nm, nc = refractive index at wavelength 656.3 nm, Hf = refractive index at wavelength 486.1 nm.
nan / A
νν
nc — KjF1
«c — ng, .
ng, — Hjp . nc - KjF 1
«C - ng,. ng, - Hjp.
Dichte 2,54 g/cm3 Density 2.54 g / cm 3
1,52443 61,70 0,00850 0,00270 0,005801.52443 61.70 0.00850 0.00270 0.00580
Da die emittierte selektive Fluoreszenzstrahlung bei etwa 1,06 μιη liegt, ist die hohe Infrarotdurchlässigkeit des hier beschriebenen Glases besonders wichtig.Since the emitted selective fluorescence radiation at about 1.06 μm is the high infrared permeability of the glass described here is particularly important.
Dieses Glas kann unter Beachtung der angegebenen Herstellungsmethode ohne besondere Schwierigkeiten in guter optischer Homogenität, blasen- und schlierenfrei erhalten werden.This glass can be produced without any particular difficulties if the specified manufacturing method is observed can be obtained in good optical homogeneity, free of bubbles and streaks.
F i g. 1 zeigt den Reintransmissionsgrad dieses Glases nach der Erfindung; inF i g. 1 shows the pure transmittance of this Glass according to the invention; in
F i g. 2 ist die Viskositätskurve 1 des Glases nach der Erfindung der Viskositätskurve 2 des bekannten Bariumkronglases gegenüber gestellt.F i g. Figure 2 is the viscosity curve 1 of the glass according to the invention, the viscosity curve 2 of the known one Barium crown glass juxtaposed.
Claims (2)
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEJ22302A DE1171082B (en) | 1962-08-25 | 1962-08-25 | Glass activated with neodymium as a selectively fluorescent medium for an optical transmitter or amplifier |
| FR945421A FR1368399A (en) | 1962-08-25 | 1963-08-22 | Process for preparing a solid material which can be used as an amplifier of light waves |
| GB3356263A GB1057803A (en) | 1962-08-25 | 1963-08-23 | Improvements in or relating to glass |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEJ22302A DE1171082B (en) | 1962-08-25 | 1962-08-25 | Glass activated with neodymium as a selectively fluorescent medium for an optical transmitter or amplifier |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE1171082B true DE1171082B (en) | 1964-05-27 |
Family
ID=7200909
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEJ22302A Pending DE1171082B (en) | 1962-08-25 | 1962-08-25 | Glass activated with neodymium as a selectively fluorescent medium for an optical transmitter or amplifier |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE1171082B (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1057803A (en) |
-
1962
- 1962-08-25 DE DEJ22302A patent/DE1171082B/en active Pending
-
1963
- 1963-08-23 GB GB3356263A patent/GB1057803A/en not_active Expired
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| None * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB1057803A (en) | 1967-02-08 |
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