DE1155864B - Multi-chamber klystron with tunable chambers - Google Patents

Description

GERMAN

PATENT OFFICE

kl. 21g 13/17

INTERNATIONAL KL.

HOIj; H03f

E10903 IXd / 21g

REGISTRATION DATE: JUNE 24, 1955

NOTICE
THE REGISTRATION
AND ISSUE OF THE

LEGEND: OCTOBER 17, 1963

The invention relates to a multi-chamber klystron with tunable chambers (cavity resonators), which form part of the vacuum vessel and are arranged so that the resonator axes run perpendicular to the tube axis (electron beam axis), and in which the tuning of the chambers takes place by metallic parts which delimit the resonator cavities and in the direction of the respective Resonator axis are movable.

Klystrons of this type are already known.

According to the invention, such a multi-chamber klystron is characterized in that the chambers are tubular and their tuning by arranged in the interior of the resonator tube Short-circuit piston takes place, which at least directly no galvanic with the resonator tubes Have contact, and that inside the resonator tubes on the side facing away from the tube axis Short-circuit piston in each case a flexible, bellows-like, hollow-cylindrical, metallic part coaxially arranged to the respective resonator axis and on its one, adjacent to the tube axis Vacuum-tight at the end with the short-circuit piston, at its other, remote from the tube axis The end is connected to the resonator wall in a vacuum-tight manner.

This has the advantage that with a simple design of the klystron a large tuning range and easy and inexpensive assembly of the klystron is achieved.

Of the illustrated embodiments is

Fig. 1 is an axial view, partly in section, partly in elevation, of one according to the invention Klystron with three chambers (cavity resonators), Fig. 2 is a section along the line 2-2 of Fig. 1 and

3 shows a section through one of the cavity resonators.

The klystron of Fig. 1 has a jet generator 2 at one end and a collector (Collector) 3 on the other end. The electron beam occurs on its way from the beam generator to the collector by several drift pipe sections 4, 6, 7 and 8 made of metal, for example copper, which are in axial Extend direction and form column 9 between them. These gaps are made up of cavity resonators 11 bridged.

The beam generator 2 has a cathode 12, which is in a cup-shaped anode 13, for example from Copper, is housed. This anode has an opening 14 which extends into the bore of the drift tube section 4 passes. The electrons coming from the cathode are passed through the opening 14 Multi-chamber klystron with tunable chambers

Applicant:

Eitel-McCullough Inc., San Carlos, Calif. (V. St. A.)

Representative: Dipl.-Ing. H. Marsch, patent attorney, Schwelm (Westphalia), Westfalendamm 10

Claimed priority: V. St. v. America from May 20, 1954 (No. 444 582)

Harold E. Sorg, Redwood City, Calif.,

Donald H. Preist, Mill Valley, Calif.,

and Richard H. Chamberlin, San Bruno, Calif.

(V. St. Α.),
have been named as inventors

guided through by means of a suitable bundling electrode 16.

The collector 3 at the other end of the tube contains a cup-shaped collecting electrode 18, which at the end of the drift tube section 8 is attached. The collector is cooled by a suitable water jacket 19.

The parts described so far act in the manner customary for klystron tubes of this type, in that the Electron beam accelerated from the beam generator 2 by the positive DC potential of the anode 13 is, runs through the drift pipe sections and thereby at the columns 9 with the high-frequency electrical Fields of the cavity resonators 11 interacts. The three cavity resonators 11 are the Elements of the structure that determine the frequency. In the case of the klystron shown, the one used as an amplifier acts, the high-frequency energy to be amplified is introduced into the first resonator 11 adjacent to the beam generator; the removal of the reinforced Energy comes from the third resonator, which is adjacent to the collector.

The improvements according to the invention relate to the cavity resonators 11, which are physically related structure a part of the Va-

309 728/199

form the vacuum vessel. These resonators consist of simple ones, for example copper ones MetaUzylindern 21 such an arrangement that the cylinder axes perpendicular to the tube axis (electron beam axis) lie. These cylinders are arranged so that they bridge the gaps 19. the Drift tube sections pass through the cylinders 21 and become rigid with these through soldering 22 tied together. It follows that the drift tube sections 4, 6, 7 and 8 and the cylinder 21 one Form part of the vacuum vessel. As the later cavity resonators were simple, they were attached to the outer Ends represent open cylinders at the time the klystron is assembled, it turns out that the structure is extremely easy to manufacture and assemble.

Means for tuning to the desired frequency are provided in the cavity resonators to be able to adjust. Because of the structure according to the invention, these tuning means allow tuning over a relatively wide frequency band. For this purpose, short-circuit pistons 23, 24 are provided in the outer end parts of the cylinder 21, on both sides of a gap 9, so that the piston movable walls form to change the effective size of the resonators. These pistons, which are connected to the cylinders 21 directly have no galvanic contact, have disc-shaped face parts 23, each of which opposed, and cylindrical side wall flanges 24 that extend outwardly parallel to the wall of the cylinder 21 extend and have a length sufficient to form high-frequency chokes (approximately a quarter of the mean wavelength of the operating frequency range). This becomes how in itself known to effectively limit the high-frequency field inside the cavity resonators without sliding contacts between the piston and the walls of the cylinder 21 are necessary.

A flexible, bellows-like, hollow-cylindrical, metallic part 26 is in each case on one End (at 31) vacuum-tight with the piston part 23 and at the other end (at 29) vacuum-tight with the Connection plate 27 of the associated cylinder 21 is connected and thus represents a vacuum-tight wall. The end plates 27 are connected to the cylinders 21 by soldered connections 28.

The tuning device for the movement of a piston 23, 24 relative to the gap 9 acts at the same time as Support for the piston and has two telescopic guides 32 and 33 sliding into one another. the outer guide 33 has a flange 34 which is screwed to the end plate 27; the inner guidance 32 has a flange which is rigidly connected to the piston part 23. The central opening in the end plate 27 is so large that you can insert and remove the tuning device. One Set screw 36, which is in engagement with the inner guide 32, is mounted in the flange 34 and carries an adjustment knob 37 outside the resonator assembly.

The arrangement described allows a relatively large movement of the piston 23, 24, for example several inches, so that the tuning extends over a wide frequency band, in which hitherto one of the major limitations on the broadband nature of such klystrons has existed. For example one is with a klystron according to the invention, which has a band center frequency of 1300 MHz is able to extend the tuning over a band from 1200 to 1400 MHz. Another The advantage is that the frequency adjustment mechanism acts along an axis that extends radially to Extends tube axis and is thus largely free of spatial limitation.

Another advantage of the klystron according to the invention is that it is used to degas the parts

ίο are heated during the evacuation process can without damaging the voting mechanism. When the tube is put together, all parts with the exception of the mechanical tuning unit (parts 32 to 37) are combined with one another. At this time, the pistons 23, 24 are in the inner end position, and they are against the Place drift tube parts as a stop and are held by holders 38, which for a certain time the tuning unit replace (see Fig. 3). If the pistons are held in this position, the klystron structure can open the desired degassing temperature, for example 500 ° C. or more, are brought during the evacuation on the pump. After evacuation, the holders 38 are tuned by the voting units replaced.

As stated above, the cavity resonators 11 are essentially simple cylinders 21 formed by soldering to the drift tube sections. Since the latter are firmly connected to these cylinders and the coordination by the pistons 23, 24 takes place within the cylinder 21, it can be seen that column 9 will not be changed during the vote. This is important because it is extreme In a klystron of this type, perfection and efficiency can only be achieved with a fixed gap will.

The high-frequency coupling and decoupling takes place by means of loop coupling. Fig. 2 shows such a Coupling 39. The loop 44 is preferably arranged at the level of the respective gap 9, namely in a plane passing through the tube axis. A coaxial line 41, 42 passes through for this purpose the cylinder 21 therethrough. The outer conductor 41 is soldered directly to the cylinder 21, the inner one Conductor 42 ends in loop 44. Such couplings are the first and third resonators Fig. 1 provided.

While the klystron is working, the electron beam is passed by, not shown in the figures illustrated magnetic means, which consist in a simple manner of electromagnetic coils, the coaxial are attached to the tube axis, bundled out. In the drawing is a klystron with three cavity resonators shown; of course, two or more than three resonators can also be used will.

Claims (7)

PATENT CLAIMS: 1.Multi-chamber klystron with tunable chambers (cavity resonators), which form part of the vacuum vessel and are arranged in such a way that the resonator axes run perpendicular to the tube axis (electron beam axis), and in which the tuning of the chambers is carried out by metallic parts that delimit the resonator cavities and in Are movable in the direction of the respective resonator axis, thereby shows that the chambers are tubular and their coordination is carried out by short-circuit pistons arranged inside the resonator tubes, which at least have no direct galvanic contact with the resonator tubes, and that inside the resonator tubes on the side of the short-circuit piston facing away from the tube axis each has a flexible, bellows-like shape trained, hollow cylindrical metallic part arranged coaxially to the respective resonator axis and is connected vacuum-tight to the short-circuit piston at its one end adjacent to the tube axis and vacuum-tight to the resonator wall at its other end remote from the tube axis. 2. Multi-chamber klystron according to claim 1, characterized in that the resonator tubes are arranged in pairs axially symmetrical to the tube axis. 3. Multi-chamber klystron according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the short-circuit piston are pot-shaped, such that the outer circumferential surfaces of the piston with the inner wall surfaces of the resonator tubes form high-frequency chokes. 4. Multi-chamber klystron according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the flexible metallic parts at their ends remote from the tube axis with vacuum-tight End plates attached to the resonator tubes are connected. 5. Multi-chamber klystron according to claim 4, characterized in that each short-circuit piston via two telescopically cooperating elements arranged inside the respective resonator tube Guide parts is moved, of which one (first) guide part with the short-circuit piston and the other (second) guide part is rigidly connected to the end plate of the resonator tube is. 6. Multi-chamber klystron according to claim 5, characterized in that the guide parts each lie in the non-evacuated part of the resonator tube. 7. multi-chamber klystron according to claim 6, characterized in that the vote of the Chambers is done by screws that are in engagement with the first guide parts. Considered publications:
German Patent No. 862 777;
French Patent No. 1,025,638;
U.S. Patent Nos. 2,606,302, 2,619,611, 629,066, 2,644,908. 1 sheet of drawings © 309 728/199 10.63