DE1148262B - Transistorized Schmitt trigger for use as a voltage discriminator, especially for control equipment in communications engineering - Google Patents
Transistorized Schmitt trigger for use as a voltage discriminator, especially for control equipment in communications engineeringInfo
- Publication number
- DE1148262B DE1148262B DET22895A DET0022895A DE1148262B DE 1148262 B DE1148262 B DE 1148262B DE T22895 A DET22895 A DE T22895A DE T0022895 A DET0022895 A DE T0022895A DE 1148262 B DE1148262 B DE 1148262B
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- voltage
- resistor
- divider
- ohmic
- temperature coefficient
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K3/00—Circuits for generating electric pulses; Monostable, bistable or multistable circuits
- H03K3/02—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses
- H03K3/26—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use, as active elements, of bipolar transistors with internal or external positive feedback
- H03K3/28—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use, as active elements, of bipolar transistors with internal or external positive feedback using means other than a transformer for feedback
- H03K3/281—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use, as active elements, of bipolar transistors with internal or external positive feedback using means other than a transformer for feedback using at least two transistors so coupled that the input of one is derived from the output of another, e.g. multivibrator
- H03K3/286—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use, as active elements, of bipolar transistors with internal or external positive feedback using means other than a transformer for feedback using at least two transistors so coupled that the input of one is derived from the output of another, e.g. multivibrator bistable
- H03K3/2893—Bistables with hysteresis, e.g. Schmitt trigger
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Logic Circuits (AREA)
- Manipulation Of Pulses (AREA)
- Electronic Switches (AREA)
Description
Transistorisierter Schmitt-Trigger zur Verwendung als Spannungsdiskriminator, insbesondere für Regeleinrichtungen der Nachrichtentechnik Zusatz zum Patent 1135 520 Das Hauptpatent 1135 520 betrifft eine Schaltungsanordnung zur Konstanthaltung der beiden Schwellwerte und des Schwellwertabstandes sowie zur Verkleinerung des relativen Schwellwertabstandes bei einem transistorisierten Schmitt-Trigger zur Verwendung als Spannungsdiskriminator, insbesondere für Regeleinrichtungen der Nachrichtentechnik, wobei der Basis des ersten Transistors des Schmitt-Triggers in an sich bei mono- und bistabilen Kippschaltungen bekannter Weise über ein zweipoliges Widerstandsnetzwerk mit negativem Temperaturkoeffizienten eine Vorspannung angelegt ist, deren Polarität derjenigen der Steuerspannung entgegengesetzt ist und deren Absolutwert wesentlich größer ist als der Absolutwert der Steuerspannung.Transistorized Schmitt trigger for use as a voltage discriminator, in particular for control devices in communications engineering Addendum to patent 1135 520 The main patent 1135 520 relates to a circuit arrangement for keeping the two threshold values and the threshold value distance constant and for reducing the relative threshold value distance in the case of a transistorized Schmitt trigger for use as a voltage discriminator , in particular for control devices in communications engineering, the base of the first transistor of the Schmitt trigger being biased in a manner known per se in monostable and bistable flip-flops via a two-pole resistor network with a negative temperature coefficient, the polarity of which is opposite to that of the control voltage and its absolute value is significantly greater than the absolute value of the control voltage.
Diese Schaltungsanordnung setzt voraus, daß die Steuerspannung und die Betriebsspannung des Schmitt-Triggers dieselbe Polarität gegen den gemeinsamen Bezugspunkt besitzen. Dadurch muß zwang läufig die Vorspannung eine der Betriebsspannung entgegengesetzte Polarität haben, was eine gesonderte Vorspannungsquelle notwendig macht.This circuit arrangement assumes that the control voltage and the operating voltage of the Schmitt trigger has the same polarity against the common one Own reference point. As a result, the bias must inevitably be one of the operating voltage have opposite polarity, which requires a separate bias voltage source power.
Der Nachteil einer eigenen Vorspannungsquelle kann erfindungsgemäß dadurch vermieden werden, daß die Vorspannung die gleiche Polarität hat wie die Betriebsspannung U1.According to the invention, the disadvantage of having its own bias voltage source be avoided in that the bias has the same polarity as the Operating voltage U1.
Die Fig.1 bis 3 zeigen Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung, welche im folgenden an Hand dieser Figuren näher erläutert wird.Figures 1 to 3 show embodiments of the invention, which is explained in more detail below with reference to these figures.
Die Schaltung nach Fig. 1 unterscheidet sich von der nach Fig. 3 des Hauptpatentes dadurch, daß die mit einer positiven Steuerspannung Ust über einen Widerstand R7 beaufschlagte Basis des ersten Transistors Tsi negativ vorgespannt ist durch die Teilerspannung eines Spannungsteilers aus einem Widerstand Rio und einem der Fig. 2 des Hauptpatentes entsprechenden Netzwerk W1 mit negativem Temperaturkoeffizienten, das aus der Reihenschaltung eines ohmschen Widerstandes RU und eines Thermistors NTCl und einem beide überbrückenden Widerstand R l2 besteht. Dieser Spannungsteiler wird von der stabilisierten Betriebsspeisespannung Ui mitgespeist. Da die Speisespannung des Spannungsteilers nicht frei wählbar ist, wird die Teilerspannung über den Widerstand Ris der Basis von Ts, zugeführt, die über den Widerstand R, mit dem Bezugspunkt verbunden ist. Dadurch wird der Innenwiderstand der Vorspannungsquelle, gesehen von der Basis von Ts, aus, in weiten Grenzen frei wählbar.The circuit of Fig. 1 differs from that of Fig. 3 of the Main patent in that the with a positive control voltage Ust via a Resistor R7 applied to the base of the first transistor Tsi negatively biased is by the divider voltage of a voltage divider from a resistor Rio and one of the Fig. 2 of the main patent corresponding network W1 with negative temperature coefficient, that from the series connection of an ohmic resistor RU and a thermistor NTCl and a resistor R l2 bridging both. This voltage divider is also fed by the stabilized operating supply voltage Ui. As the supply voltage of the voltage divider is not freely selectable, the divider voltage via the resistor Ris to the base of Ts, fed through the resistor R, to the reference point connected is. This allows the internal resistance of the bias source to be seen from the base of Ts, freely selectable within wide limits.
Ist die Steuerspannung gleich Null, so ist im Gegensatz zur Schaltung nach Fig.3 des Hauptpatentes Tsl leitend und Ts. gesperrt. Das bedeutet keinen Nachteil, denn bei der weiteren Verarbeitung des Triggerausgangssignals kann dies berücksichtigt werden. Nimmt die Steuerspannung Ust einen genügend großen positiven Wert an, so wird Ts= leitend und Ts, gesperrt. Die negative Vorspannung der Basis von Ts, bewirkt, daß die Absolutwerte der Schwellwerte der positiven Steuerspannung vergrößert werden, während der absolute Schwellwert abstand aber erhalten bleibt. Der auf die Steuerspannung US, bezogene Schwellwertabstand verkleinert sich demgemäß mit zunehmender Größe der Basisvorspannung. Das bedeutet, daß bei Einsatz einer solchen Schaltung mit verringertem relativem Schwellwertabstand in Regelschaltungen, beispielsweise in pilotgesteuerten Pegelreglern von Trägerfrequenz-Nachrichtenübertragungsgeräten, eine erhöhte Regelgenauigkeit erzielt werden kann. Die Temperaturkompensation erfolgt mittels des Netzwerkes W1, wobei mit zunehmender Temperatur dessen Widerstand abnimmt und damit die negative Vorspannung der Basis von Ts, um gerade so viel erniedrigt wird, wie die zum Leitendmachen dieses Transistors erforderliche Basis-Emitter-Spannung abnimmt. Der die negative Vorspannung erzeugende Spannungsteiler und der Widerstand R1. können in bekannter Weise so dimensioniert werden, daß sich der Innenwiderstand der Steuerspannungsquelle bei Temperaturänderung praktisch nicht ändert und somit der absolute Schwellwertabstand konstant bleibt.If the control voltage is zero, it is in contrast to the circuit according to Fig.3 of the main patent Tsl conductive and Ts. locked. That means no disadvantage because this can be taken into account in the further processing of the trigger output signal will. If the control voltage Ust assumes a sufficiently large positive value, then Ts = conductive and Ts, blocked. The negative bias of the base of Ts, causes that the absolute values of the threshold values of the positive control voltage are increased, while the absolute threshold distance is retained. The one on the control voltage US, related threshold distance decreases accordingly with increasing size the base prestress. This means that when using such a circuit with reduced relative threshold distance in control circuits, for example in pilot-controlled level regulators of carrier frequency communication devices, increased control accuracy can be achieved. The temperature compensation takes place by means of the network W1, the resistance of which decreases with increasing temperature and with it the negative bias of the base of Ts, lowered by just that much becomes how the base-emitter voltage required to make this transistor conductive decreases. The negative bias voltage divider and resistor R1. can be dimensioned in a known manner so that the internal resistance the control voltage source when the temperature changes practically not changes and thus the absolute threshold distance remains constant.
In Fortbildung der Erfindung kann gemäß Fig. 2 die Temperaturabhängigkeit der Vorspannung durch Verwendung zweier temperaturabhängiger Schaltelemente erzeugt werden. An Stelle des Widerstandes Rio in Fig.l tritt jetzt die Reihenschaltung eines Widerstandes R16 und einer Siliziumzenerdiode Dl. Dabei wird eine Zenerdiode mit möglichst hohem positivem Temperaturkoeffizienten gewählt.In a further development of the invention, according to FIG. 2, the temperature dependency the bias generated by using two temperature-dependent switching elements will. Instead of the resistor Rio in FIG. 1, there is now a series connection a resistor R16 and a silicon zener diode Dl. A zener diode selected with the highest possible positive temperature coefficient.
Ist die freie Wählbarkeit des Widerstandes R13 in Fig. 1 nicht erforderlich, z. B. weil R2 hinreichend niederohmig ist gegenüber dem Innenwiderstand des Spannungsteilers, so kann dieser Widerstand auch durch eine Siliziumzenerdiode D2 mit hohem positivem Temperaturkoeffizienten ersetzt werden, wie Fig. 3 zeigt.If the resistance R13 in Fig. 1 does not need to be freely selectable, z. B. because R2 has a sufficiently low resistance to the internal resistance of the voltage divider, this resistance can also be achieved by a silicon zener diode D2 with a high positive Temperature coefficients are replaced, as shown in FIG. 3.
Die gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiele verwenden pnp-Transistoren. Die Erfindung ist sinngemäß aber auch mit npn-Transistoren realisierbar.The exemplary embodiments shown use pnp transistors. the However, the invention can also be implemented using npn transistors.
Claims (4)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DET22895A DE1148262B (en) | 1962-10-20 | 1962-10-20 | Transistorized Schmitt trigger for use as a voltage discriminator, especially for control equipment in communications engineering |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DET22895A DE1148262B (en) | 1962-10-20 | 1962-10-20 | Transistorized Schmitt trigger for use as a voltage discriminator, especially for control equipment in communications engineering |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE1148262B true DE1148262B (en) | 1963-05-09 |
Family
ID=7550749
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DET22895A Pending DE1148262B (en) | 1962-10-20 | 1962-10-20 | Transistorized Schmitt trigger for use as a voltage discriminator, especially for control equipment in communications engineering |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE1148262B (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1188132B (en) | 1963-12-05 | 1965-03-04 | Siemens Ag | Toggle circuit arrangement based on the Schmitt trigger principle |
| DE1216358B (en) * | 1963-05-29 | 1966-05-12 | Teletype Corp | Circuit arrangement for feeding an electromagnet |
| DE1280307B (en) * | 1965-05-15 | 1968-10-17 | Telefunken Patent | Transistorized two-stage trigger circuit |
-
1962
- 1962-10-20 DE DET22895A patent/DE1148262B/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1216358B (en) * | 1963-05-29 | 1966-05-12 | Teletype Corp | Circuit arrangement for feeding an electromagnet |
| DE1188132B (en) | 1963-12-05 | 1965-03-04 | Siemens Ag | Toggle circuit arrangement based on the Schmitt trigger principle |
| DE1280307B (en) * | 1965-05-15 | 1968-10-17 | Telefunken Patent | Transistorized two-stage trigger circuit |
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