DE10399005I1 - Optisches Isomeres eines Imidazolderivats - Google Patents

Optisches Isomeres eines Imidazolderivats

Info

Publication number: DE10399005I1
Authority: DE; Germany
Prior art keywords: optical isomer; imidazole derivative; imidazole; derivative; medetomidine
Prior art date: 1987-07-16
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.): Granted

Application number

DE2003199005

Other languages

English (en)

Other versions

DE10399005I2 (de

Inventor

Arto Johannes Karjalainen

Raimo Einari Virtanen

Eino Juhani Savolainen

Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)

Orion Oyj

Original Assignee

Orion Yhtyma Oy

Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)

1987-07-16

Filing date

1988-07-08

Publication date

2003-06-05

Family has litigation

First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=10620775&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=DE10399005(I1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

1988-07-08 Application filed by Orion Yhtyma Oy filed Critical Orion Yhtyma Oy

2003-06-05 Application granted granted Critical

2003-06-05 Publication of DE10399005I1 publication Critical patent/DE10399005I1/de

2012-06-06 Publication of DE10399005I2 publication Critical patent/DE10399005I2/de

Status Active legal-status Critical Current

Classifications

- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D233/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings
- C07D233/54—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D233/56—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D233/58—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, attached to ring carbon atoms with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, attached to ring nitrogen atoms
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D233/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings
- C07D233/54—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D233/56—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, attached to ring carbon atoms
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
- A61K31/415—1,2-Diazoles
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/04—Centrally acting analgesics, e.g. opioids
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/20—Hypnotics; Sedatives
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/22—Anxiolytics
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
- A61P9/06—Antiarrhythmics
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
- A61P9/12—Antihypertensives

Landscapes

Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
Organic Chemistry (AREA)
Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
Public Health (AREA)
Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
Biomedical Technology (AREA)
Neurosurgery (AREA)
Neurology (AREA)
Epidemiology (AREA)
Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
Cardiology (AREA)
Anesthesiology (AREA)
Pain & Pain Management (AREA)
Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Optical Fibers, Optical Fiber Cores, And Optical Fiber Bundles (AREA)
Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Optical Record Carriers And Manufacture Thereof (AREA)
Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)
Nitrogen Condensed Heterocyclic Rings (AREA)
Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)
Nitrogen And Oxygen Or Sulfur-Condensed Heterocyclic Ring Systems (AREA)
Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)

DE2003199005 1987-07-16 1988-07-08 Optisches Isomeres eines Imidazolderivats. Active DE10399005I2 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number	Priority Date	Filing Date	Title
GB8716803A GB2206880B (en)	1987-07-16	1987-07-16	Optical isomers of an imidazole derivative

Publications (2)

Publication Number	Publication Date
DE10399005I1 true DE10399005I1 (de)	2003-06-05
DE10399005I2 DE10399005I2 (de)	2012-06-06

Family

ID=10620775

Family Applications (2)

Application Number	Title	Priority Date	Filing Date
DE8888306250T Expired - Lifetime DE3867945D1 (de)	1987-07-16	1988-07-08	Optisches isomeres eines imidazolderivats.
DE2003199005 Active DE10399005I2 (de)	1987-07-16	1988-07-08	Optisches Isomeres eines Imidazolderivats.

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number	Title	Priority Date	Filing Date
DE8888306250T Expired - Lifetime DE3867945D1 (de)	1987-07-16	1988-07-08	Optisches isomeres eines imidazolderivats.

Country Status (29)

Country	Link
US (1)	US4910214A (de)
EP (1)	EP0300652B1 (de)
JP (1)	JPH0625138B2 (de)
KR (1)	KR940007311B1 (de)
CN (1)	CN1022323C (de)
AT (1)	ATE71941T1 (de)
AU (1)	AU600839B2 (de)
BG (1)	BG60473B2 (de)
CA (1)	CA1337659C (de)
CY (2)	CY1787A (de)
DD (1)	DD281807A5 (de)
DE (2)	DE3867945D1 (de)
DK (1)	DK165788C (de)
ES (1)	ES2038757T3 (de)
FI (1)	FI95375C (de)
GB (1)	GB2206880B (de)
GR (1)	GR3003878T3 (de)
HK (1)	HK56094A (de)
HU (1)	HU198693B (de)
IE (1)	IE60456B1 (de)
IL (1)	IL87076A0 (de)
LU (1)	LU91010I2 (de)
NL (1)	NL300117I2 (de)
NO (2)	NO170579C (de)
NZ (1)	NZ225362A (de)
PT (1)	PT88013B (de)
SU (1)	SU1648248A3 (de)
UA (1)	UA5560A1 (de)
ZA (1)	ZA885134B (de)

Families Citing this family (39)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
GB2215206B (en) *	1988-02-29	1991-07-03	Farmos Oy	4-substituted imidazole derivatives useful in perioperative care
US5124157A (en) *	1989-08-18	1992-06-23	Cygnus Therapeutic Systems	Method and device for administering dexmedetomidine transdermally
US5120713A (en) *	1990-09-10	1992-06-09	Applied Research Systems Ars Holding N.V.	Treatment of obesity with an alpha-2-adrenergic agonist and a growth hormone releasing peptide
GB9111732D0 (en) *	1991-05-31	1991-07-24	Orion Yhtymae Oy	The use of certain salts of medetomidine and its optically active enantiomers to regulate the rate of transdermal administration of the drugs
GB2281206A (en) *	1993-08-25	1995-03-01	Orion Yhtymae Oy	Use of dexmedetomidine
GB9425211D0 (en) *	1994-12-14	1995-02-15	Ucb Sa	Substituted 1H-imidazoles
IN187238B (de) *	1995-06-30	2002-03-09	Astra Ab
GB9521680D0 (en) *	1995-10-23	1996-01-03	Orion Yhtymo Oy	New use of imidazole derivatives
US5866579A (en) *	1997-04-11	1999-02-02	Synaptic Pharmaceutical Corporation	Imidazole and imidazoline derivatives and uses thereof
AR015744A1 (es) *	1998-04-01	2001-05-16	Orion Corp	Uso de dexmedetomidina para sedacion en terapia intensiva
US6716867B1 (en)	1998-04-01	2004-04-06	Orion Corporation	Use of dexmedetomidine for ICU sedation
NZ518447A (en)	1999-10-29	2004-10-29	Orion Corp	Treatment or prevention of hypotension and shock
US6388090B2 (en) *	2000-01-14	2002-05-14	Orion Corporation	Imidazole derivatives
US7141597B2 (en) *	2003-09-12	2006-11-28	Allergan, Inc.	Nonsedating α-2 agonists
EP2218442A1 (de)	2005-11-09	2010-08-18	CombinatoRx, Inc.	Verfahren, Zusammensetzungen und Kits zur Behandlung von ophthalmologischen Erkrankungen
ATE536867T1 (de)	2006-03-16	2011-12-15	Tris Pharma Inc	Modifizierte freisetzungsformulierungen mit arznei-ion-austausch-harzkomplexen
US7795263B2 (en) *	2008-07-08	2010-09-14	Wildlife Laboratories, Inc.	Pharmaceutical combination for and method of anesthetizing and immobilizing non-domesticated mammals
US20100196286A1 (en) *	2008-12-01	2010-08-05	Armer Thomas A	Inhalation delivery methods and devices
US8555875B2 (en) *	2008-12-23	2013-10-15	Map Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	Inhalation devices and related methods for administration of sedative hypnotic compounds
KR101859486B1 (ko) *	2009-05-15	2018-06-28	레크로파마, 인코포레이티드	설하용 덱스메데토미딘 조성물과 그의 사용 방법
CN101671305A (zh) *	2009-09-29	2010-03-17	北京华禧联合科技发展有限公司	一种拆分美托咪定的左旋及右旋对映体的方法
CN102464619A (zh) *	2010-11-17	2012-05-23	桑迪亚医药技术（上海）有限责任公司	一种左旋4-[1-(2,3-二甲基苯基)乙基]-1r-咪唑消旋化方法
US20130096170A1 (en)	2011-10-14	2013-04-18	Hospira, Inc.	Methods of treating pediatric patients using dexmedetomidine
WO2013069025A1 (en)	2011-11-11	2013-05-16	Neon Laboratories Ltd.	"process for the preparation of dexmedetomidine"
SG11201403094TA (en)	2011-12-11	2014-10-30	Recro Pharma Inc	Intranasal dexmedetomidine compositions and methods of use thereof
US8242158B1 (en)	2012-01-04	2012-08-14	Hospira, Inc.	Dexmedetomidine premix formulation
ITMI20120311A1 (it) *	2012-02-29	2013-08-30	Edmond Pharma Srl	Procedimento per la risoluzione di medetomidina e recupero dell'enantiomero indesiderato
BR112015003120B1 (pt)	2012-08-15	2022-08-09	Tris Pharma , Inc	Tablete mastigável de liberação estendida de metilfenidato e seu uso
HUE037272T2 (hu) *	2012-10-15	2018-08-28	Orion Corp	Állatorvosi módszer zajérzékenység enyhítésére
RU2646512C2 (ru)	2013-10-07	2018-03-05	ТЕЙКОКУ ФАРМА ЮЭсЭй, ИНК.	Устройства для трансдермальной доставки дексмедетомидина и способы их применения
RU2648449C2 (ru)	2013-10-07	2018-03-26	ТЕЙКОКУ ФАРМА ЮЭсЭй, ИНК.	Способы и композиции для трансдермальной доставки неседативного количества дексмедетомидина
KR101831290B1 (ko)	2013-10-07	2018-02-22	테이코쿠 팔마 유에스에이, 인코포레이티드	덱스메데토미딘 경피 조성물을 사용하여 주의력 결핍 과잉행동 장애, 불안 및 불면증을 치료하기 위한 방법 및 조성물
CN105175339B (zh) *	2015-10-09	2018-01-16	辰欣药业股份有限公司	一种制备盐酸右美托咪定的方法
US9717796B1 (en)	2016-04-20	2017-08-01	Slypharma, Llc	Heat sterilizeable, premixed, ready to use dexmedetomidine solution packaged in a flexible plastic container
FR3054218B1 (fr) *	2016-07-22	2020-03-06	Universite De Rouen	Procede de dedoublement de sels de baclofene
RU2723761C1 (ru)	2016-10-31	2020-06-17	ТЕЙКОКУ ФАРМА ЮЭсЭй, ИНК.	Способы устранения боли с использованием устройств для трансдермальной доставки дексмедетомидина
US11160791B2 (en)	2018-11-01	2021-11-02	Medefil, Inc.	Dexmedetomidine injection premix formulation in ready to use (RTU) bags
CN115197149B (zh) *	2021-04-02	2023-09-22	四川大学华西医院	一种5-苄基咪唑类化合物及其制备方法和用途
CN114671811A (zh) *	2022-04-14	2022-06-28	南京正科医药股份有限公司	一种右美托咪定拆分副产物的外消旋化回收方法

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
AU518569B2 (en) *	1979-08-07	1981-10-08	Farmos-Yhtyma Oy	4-benzyl- and 4-benzoyl imidazole derivatives
GB2092569B (en) *	1981-02-05	1984-09-19	Farmos Oy	Substituted imidazole derivatives and their preparation and use
GB2101114B (en)	1981-07-10	1985-05-22	Farmos Group Ltd	Substituted imidazole derivatives and their preparation and use
FI844786A0 (fi)	1984-12-04	1984-12-04	Farmos Oy	Terapeutiskt utnyttjbar foerening.
DE3531682A1 (de) *	1985-09-05	1987-03-12	Thomae Gmbh Dr K	(+)-6-chlor-5,10-dihydro-5-((1-methyl-4- piperidinyl)acetyl)-11h-dibenzo(b,e)(1,4) diazepin-11-on, seine isolierung und verwendung als arzneimittel

1987
- 1987-07-16 GB GB8716803A patent/GB2206880B/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
1988
- 1988-06-14 FI FI882819A patent/FI95375C/fi active Protection Beyond IP Right Term
- 1988-06-28 UA UA4356076A patent/UA5560A1/uk unknown
- 1988-06-28 SU SU884356076A patent/SU1648248A3/ru active
- 1988-07-08 DE DE8888306250T patent/DE3867945D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-07-08 AT AT88306250T patent/ATE71941T1/de active
- 1988-07-08 DE DE2003199005 patent/DE10399005I2/de active Active
- 1988-07-08 ES ES198888306250T patent/ES2038757T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-07-08 EP EP88306250A patent/EP0300652B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-07-11 NZ NZ225362A patent/NZ225362A/xx unknown
- 1988-07-11 AU AU18941/88A patent/AU600839B2/en not_active Expired
- 1988-07-11 DK DK386288A patent/DK165788C/da not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-07-12 IL IL87076A patent/IL87076A0/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-07-14 CA CA000572086A patent/CA1337659C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-07-14 DD DD88317936A patent/DD281807A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-07-15 ZA ZA885134A patent/ZA885134B/xx unknown
- 1988-07-15 NO NO883155A patent/NO170579C/no not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-07-15 PT PT88013A patent/PT88013B/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-07-15 KR KR1019880008937A patent/KR940007311B1/ko not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-07-15 US US07/219,637 patent/US4910214A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-07-15 IE IE217488A patent/IE60456B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-07-15 HU HU883708A patent/HU198693B/hu unknown
- 1988-07-16 JP JP63177959A patent/JPH0625138B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-07-16 CN CN88104440A patent/CN1022323C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
1992
- 1992-02-21 GR GR920400299T patent/GR3003878T3/el unknown
1994
- 1994-01-18 BG BG098380A patent/BG60473B2/bg unknown
- 1994-05-24 HK HK56094A patent/HK56094A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
1995
- 1995-10-20 CY CY178795A patent/CY1787A/xx unknown
2003
- 2003-02-14 LU LU91010C patent/LU91010I2/fr unknown
- 2003-03-03 NL NL300117C patent/NL300117I2/nl unknown
- 2003-07-01 NO NO2003004C patent/NO2003004I2/no unknown
2004
- 2004-10-27 CY CY200400006C patent/CY2004006I1/el unknown

Also Published As

Publication number	Publication date
ES2038757T3 (es)	1993-08-01
IE60456B1 (en)	1994-07-13
KR890002030A (ko)	1989-04-07
FI95375B (fi)	1995-10-13
HU198693B (en)	1989-11-28
DE10399005I2 (de)	2012-06-06
AU600839B2 (en)	1990-08-23
AU1894188A (en)	1989-01-19
GB2206880A (en)	1989-01-18
FI95375C (fi)	1996-01-25
FI882819A0 (fi)	1988-06-14
EP0300652B1 (de)	1992-01-22
DD281807A5 (de)	1990-08-22
FI882819L (fi)	1989-01-17
ZA885134B (en)	1989-04-26
JPH0625138B2 (ja)	1994-04-06
SU1648248A3 (ru)	1991-05-07
CA1337659C (en)	1995-11-28
CY1787A (en)	1995-10-20
NO883155L (no)	1989-01-17
NZ225362A (en)	1990-07-26
CN1030576A (zh)	1989-01-25
GR3003878T3 (de)	1993-03-16
NL300117I1 (nl)	2003-05-01
US4910214A (en)	1990-03-20
JPS6434968A (en)	1989-02-06
UA5560A1 (uk)	1994-12-28
NO2003004I2 (no)	2005-03-21
DE3867945D1 (de)	1992-03-05
DK386288D0 (da)	1988-07-11
IL87076A0 (en)	1988-12-30
HUT48218A (en)	1989-05-29
DK386288A (da)	1989-01-17
KR940007311B1 (ko)	1994-08-12
CN1022323C (zh)	1993-10-06
EP0300652A1 (de)	1989-01-25
NO170579B (no)	1992-07-27
NL300117I2 (nl)	2003-10-01
GB2206880B (en)	1991-04-24
DK165788B (da)	1993-01-18
GB8716803D0 (en)	1987-08-19
PT88013B (pt)	1995-03-01
CY2004006I2 (el)	2009-11-04
CY2004006I1 (el)	2009-11-04
BG60473B2 (bg)	1995-04-28
IE882174L (en)	1989-01-16
LU91010I2 (fr)	2003-06-19
ATE71941T1 (de)	1992-02-15
DK165788C (da)	1993-06-14
PT88013A (pt)	1989-06-30
NO883155D0 (no)	1988-07-15
NO170579C (no)	1992-11-04
HK56094A (en)	1994-06-03

Publication	Publication Date	Title
DE10399005I1 (de)	2003-06-05	Optisches Isomeres eines Imidazolderivats
YU48666B (sh)	1999-06-15	Mometason furoat monohidrat i postupak za njegovo dobijanje
DE3883851D1 (de)	1993-10-14	Beschichtung für optisches Fiberband.
PL144899B1 (en)	1988-07-30	Method of obtaining novel triazine derivatives
BG40650A3 (en)	1986-01-15	Method for preparing ester of treo- 2- hydroxy- 3- (4- metoxyphenyl)- 3- (2- nitrophenylthio)- propionic acid
BG40148A3 (bg)	1986-10-15	Метод за получаване на хетероциклично съединение
DE3873562D1 (de)	1992-09-17	Beta-alkylmelatonine.
DE3767134D1 (de)	1991-02-07	Reduktion der speichereffekte eines optischen empfaengers.
IT1190526B (it)	1988-02-16	Apparecchio perfezionato per la sfogliatura di piccoli tronchi d'albero per la produzione di impiallacciatura
PL135397B1 (en)	1985-10-31	Method of obtaining novel banzamide derivative
DE3268403D1 (de)	1986-02-20	Decarboxylase-inhibiting fluorinated alkane diamine derivatives
AU572515B2 (en)	1988-05-12	Lowering the cloud point of hydrodewaxed base stocks
FI823563A0 (fi)	1982-10-18	Foerfarande foer framstaellning av 1-(2,4-diklorfenoxi)-3-(3,4-dimetoxi- -fenetylamino)-propanol-(2)
BG40812A3 (en)	1987-02-16	Method for preparing derivatives of pyroxycam
KR900009634A (ko)	1990-07-05	이미다졸 유도체의 제조방법
IT8023833A0 (it)	1980-07-31	Griffa per la sospensione di linee aeree per filovie.
IT1213810B (it)	1990-01-05	Congegno ottico-meccanico per la determinazione dell'asse ottico
EP0274567A3 (en)	1988-08-10	Servo-system for the positioning of an optical head
NO885581D0 (no)	1988-12-15	System til forspenningsjustering av spindel-lager.