DE1036464B - Spinning solutions of polymers of acrylonitrile and processes for the production of such solutions - Google Patents
Spinning solutions of polymers of acrylonitrile and processes for the production of such solutionsInfo
- Publication number
- DE1036464B DE1036464B DEH11478A DEH0011478A DE1036464B DE 1036464 B DE1036464 B DE 1036464B DE H11478 A DEH11478 A DE H11478A DE H0011478 A DEH0011478 A DE H0011478A DE 1036464 B DE1036464 B DE 1036464B
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- acrylonitrile
- nitromethane
- solutions
- polymers
- nitric acid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 23
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 4
- LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitromethane Chemical compound C[N+]([O-])=O LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims 1
- ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formamide Chemical compound NC=O ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical compound CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-phenylmethoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carbaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CSC(C=2C=C(OCC=3C=CC=CC=3)C=CC=2)=N1 OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000004971 nitroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- MCSAJNNLRCFZED-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitroethane Chemical compound CC[N+]([O-])=O MCSAJNNLRCFZED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003951 lactams Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000391 smoking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/02—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2333/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2333/18—Homopolymers or copolymers of nitriles
- C08J2333/20—Homopolymers or copolymers of acrylonitrile
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Artificial Filaments (AREA)
- Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
Description
Spinnlösungen von Polymerisaten des Acrylnitrils und Verfahren zur Herstellung solcher Lösungen Für Polymerisate von Acrylnitril, d. h. für Polymerisate, die zu wenigstens 85 ovo aus polymerisiertem Acrylnitril bestehen, kennt man eine große Anzahl von Lösungsmitteln, z. B. Dimethylformamid, Laktame, Laktone, Dialkylcyanide, Oxysäurenitrile, ferner Mischungen von Nitromethan und Wasser, sowie für homopolymeres Acrylnitril binäre Mischungen von Nitromethan und a-Oxypropion.itril, in denen der Volumenanteil des Nitromethans in den Grenzen zwischen 60 und 700/0 liegt. Die Herstellung von solchen Lösungen erfordert höhere Temperaturen, was zu Verfärbungen führt. die auch den aus den Lösungen hergestellten Erzeugnissen wie Filmen, Fäden, Fasern, Borsten usw. anhaften. Zudem erstarren diese Lösungen beim Abkühlen auf Zimmertemperatur in der Regel zu Gelen, so daß sie nur in heißem Zustand verarbeitet werden können, was die genannte Schwierigkeit noch erhöht.Spinning solutions of polymers of acrylonitrile and processes for Preparation of such solutions For polymers of acrylonitrile, i. H. for polymers, at least 85 ovo of polymerized acrylonitrile are known large number of solvents, e.g. B. dimethylformamide, lactams, lactones, dialkyl cyanides, Oxy-acid nitriles, also mixtures of nitromethane and water, as well as for homopolymer Acrylonitrile binary mixtures of nitromethane and a-Oxypropion.itril in which the Volume fraction of the nitromethane is within the limits between 60 and 700/0. The production such solutions require higher temperatures, which leads to discoloration. the also the products made from the solutions such as films, threads, fibers, Bristles, etc. adhere. In addition, these solutions solidify when they cool down to room temperature usually into gels so that they can only be processed when they are hot, which increases the difficulty mentioned.
Es wurde gefunden. daß Mischungen aus Salpetersäure und Nitromethan mit einem Anteil von 15 bis 95 ovo Salpetersäure und 5 bis 85 ovo Nitromethan Polymerisate des Acrylnitrils bei Zimmertemperatur lösen. It was found. that mixtures of nitric acid and nitromethane with a proportion of 15 to 95 ovo nitric acid and 5 to 85 ovo nitromethane polymers Dissolve the acrylonitrile at room temperature.
Diese Lösungen sind farblos und bleiben bei Zimmertemperatur tagelang farblos. Das Polymerisat des Acrylnitrils kann aus den Lösungen auch nach längerem Stehen unverändert zurückgewonnen werden.These solutions are colorless and stay at room temperature for days colorless. The acrylonitrile polymer can be released from the solutions even after a long period of time Stand unchanged to be recovered.
Die Lösungen eignen sich zur Herstellung von Filmen und Fasern nach den bekannten Naß- oder Trockenverfahren. z. B. Iäßt sich die Lösung in heiße Gase oder in kaltes Wasser verspinnen.The solutions are suitable for the production of films and fibers the known wet or dry processes. z. B. The solution can be dissolved in hot gases or spin it in cold water.
Als Salpetersäure kann die 680/oige, nichtrauchende, im Laboratorium übliche verwendet werden; geeignet sind Säuren mit einem Gehalt zwischen 55 und 75°/o. As nitric acid, the 680%, non-smoking, can be used in the laboratory usual to be used; acids with a content between 55 and 75 ° / o.
Das Verhältnis von Säure zu Nitromethan kann in den angegebenen Grenzen variiert werden, da Polyacrylnitril schon in Salpetersäure allein löslich ist. The ratio of acid to nitromethane can be within the specified limits can be varied, since polyacrylonitrile is soluble in nitric acid alone.
Durch Zusatz von Nitromethan werden diese Lösungen in ihrer Verarbeitbarkeit verbessert. Sie können leichter filtriert, entgast und vergossen werden. Ganz auffallend ist die Verbesserung der Spinnfähigkeit.The addition of nitromethane makes these solutions easier to process improved. They can be filtered, degassed and potted more easily. Quite striking is the improvement of the spinning ability.
Die Lösungen lassen sich bei Zimmertemperatur verspinnen.The solutions can be spun at room temperature.
Ein weiterer Vorteil ergibt sich daraus, daß Nitromethan erst in Mischung mit Salpetersäure zum Lösungsmittel wird. Man kann so zuerst das Polyacrylnitril oder das Polymerisat des Acrylnitrils, das in feinpulveriger Form zur Anwendung gelangt, mit Nitromethan gleichmäßig anfeuchten; durch Zugabe von Salpetersäure läßt sich dann diese Masse schon bei 10 bis 200 C leicht in eine Lösung überführen. Another advantage arises from the fact that nitromethane only occurs in Mixture with nitric acid becomes the solvent. One can do this first with the polyacrylonitrile or the polymer of acrylonitrile, which is used in finely powdered form get, moisten evenly with nitromethane; by adding nitric acid this mass can then easily be converted into a solution at 10 to 200 ° C.
Für Lösungen, die trocken verarbeitet werden, ist ein höherer Nitrometbangehalt, für Lösungen, die naß verformt werden. ein höherer Salpetersäuregehalt zweckmäßig.For solutions that are processed dry, a higher nitrometban content is required, for solutions that are wet deformed. a higher nitric acid content is advisable.
Es ist bekannt, Tripolymere, die im Polymermolekül 78 bis 82 0/o Acrylnitril sowie Vinylidenchlorid und Vinylchlorid enthalten, herzustellen und in Spinnlösungen überzuführen. Als Lösungsmittel für Tripolymere mit einem Acrylnitrilgehalt von 78 bis 82 °/o dienen Nitroalkane, wie Nitromethan oder Nitroäthan. It is known that tripolymers which have 78 to 82 0 / o in the polymer molecule Acrylonitrile as well as vinylidene chloride and vinyl chloride contain, produce and to be converted into spinning solutions. As a solvent for tripolymers with an acrylonitrile content from 78 to 82% are nitroalkanes, such as nitromethane or nitroethane.
Demgegenüber betrifft die Erfindung solche Polymerisate des Acrylnitrils, die im Polymer einen Acrylnitrilgehalt von wenigstens 850/0 aufweisen, denen andere technische Eigenschaften zukommen als Acrylnitrilcopolymerisaten mit einem Acrylnitrilgehalt von weniger als 85 O/o. In contrast, the invention relates to such polymers of acrylonitrile, which have an acrylonitrile content of at least 850/0 in the polymer, others Technical properties come as acrylonitrile copolymers with an acrylonitrile content less than 85%.
Die Verwendung von Nitromethan allein als Lösungsmittel bei Acrylnitrilpolymerisaten mit wenigstens 85°/o Acrylnitril im Polymerisat kommt nicht in Betracht, weil Copolymerisate aus 850/0 Acrylnitril und 150/0 Vinylidenchlorid in Nitromethan unlöslich und solche aus 85 O/o Acrylnitril und 150/0 Vinylchlorid schwer löslich sind. The use of nitromethane alone as a solvent in acrylonitrile polymers with at least 85% acrylonitrile in the polymer is out of the question because copolymers from 850/0 acrylonitrile and 150/0 vinylidene chloride and insoluble in nitromethane from 85 o / o acrylonitrile and 150/0 vinyl chloride are sparingly soluble.
Es war anzunehmen gewesen, daß die Komponente Nitromethan in einem Gemisch von Salpetersäure und Nitromethan als Fällungsmittel wirken würde, wenn man einer Lösung eines Acrylnitrilpolymerisats mit 85 °/o oder mehr Acrylnitrilgehalt Nitromethan zusetzen würde. It was to be assumed that the component nitromethane in one Mixture of nitric acid and nitromethane would act as a precipitant, though a solution of an acrylonitrile polymer with 85% or more acrylonitrile content Nitromethane would add.
Es ist weiterhin bekannt, ein spezielles Acrylnitrilpolymerisat aus 90+ 0,5 Molprozent Acrylnitril und 10 + 0,5 Molprozent Isobuten in binären Mischungen von Nitroalkan, wie Nitroäthan oder Nitromethan und Formamid, zu lösen. It is also known to consist of a special acrylonitrile polymer 90 + 0.5 mole percent acrylonitrile and 10 + 0.5 mole percent isobutene in binary mixtures of nitroalkane, such as nitroethane or nitromethane and formamide, to be solved.
Demgegenüber ist die Regel der Erfindung viel weitergehend, denn sie umfaßt bei Anwendung eines Lösungsmittelgemischs aus Salpetersäure und Nitromethan alle Acrylnitrilpolymerisate mit einem Acrylnitrilgehalt von wenigstens 850/0. Während in dem Lösungsmittelgemisch aus Nitromethan und Form amid nur ein spezielles Polymerisat, nämlich ein solches aus Acrylnitril und Isobuten bestimmter Zusammensetzung, gelöst werden kann, leistet das Verfahren der Erfindung viel mehr, indem nämlich nur die Bedingung besteht, daß die Acrylnitril-Komponente im Polymerisat wenigstens 850/0 sein soll. In contrast, the rule of the invention is much more extensive, because it includes when using a mixed solvent of nitric acid and nitromethane all acrylonitrile polymers with an acrylonitrile content of at least 850/0. While in the solvent mixture of nitromethane and form amide only a special polymer, namely one of acrylonitrile and isobutene of a certain composition, dissolved can be, the method of the invention achieves much more, namely by only the The condition is that the acrylonitrile component in the polymer is at least 850/0 should be.
Beispiel 10 Teile Polyacrylnitril in feinpulveriger Form mit dem Durchschnittsmolekulargewicht von 120 000 (nach Staudinger) werden bei Zimmertemperatur mit 45 Teilen Nitromethan verrührt, bis ein gleichmäßiger Brei entsteht. Dann werden unter Rühren 28 Teile 680/oige Salpetersäure hinzugefügt, wodurch der Brei in eine klare, farblose, hochviskose Lösung übergeht. Example 10 parts of polyacrylonitrile in finely powdered form with the Average molecular weight of 120,000 (according to Staudinger) are at room temperature stirred with 45 parts of nitromethane until a uniform paste is formed. Then will 28 parts of 680% nitric acid were added with stirring, making the paste in a clear, colorless, highly viscous solution passes over.
Die Lösung läßt sich leicht zu feinen Fäden ausziehen.The solution can easily be pulled out into fine threads.
Alle Angaben sind in Gewichtsteilen zu verstehen. All information is to be understood in parts by weight.
Claims (3)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH1036464X | 1951-05-16 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE1036464B true DE1036464B (en) | 1958-08-14 |
Family
ID=4553999
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEH11478A Pending DE1036464B (en) | 1951-05-16 | 1952-02-18 | Spinning solutions of polymers of acrylonitrile and processes for the production of such solutions |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE1036464B (en) |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2515206A (en) * | 1947-01-23 | 1950-07-18 | Ind Rayon Corp | Spinning process and compositions |
| US2523282A (en) * | 1947-08-25 | 1950-09-26 | American Viscose Corp | Compositions comprising acrylonitrile homopolymers |
-
1952
- 1952-02-18 DE DEH11478A patent/DE1036464B/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2515206A (en) * | 1947-01-23 | 1950-07-18 | Ind Rayon Corp | Spinning process and compositions |
| US2523282A (en) * | 1947-08-25 | 1950-09-26 | American Viscose Corp | Compositions comprising acrylonitrile homopolymers |
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