DE1034918B - Fuel for internal combustion engines working with carburettors and spark ignition - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to improved motor fuels by means of which it is possible to achieve normal carburetor performance to be achieved in a cold and humid atmosphere.

The invention is particularly aimed at preventing carburetors from icing up. It is known that the by the evaporation of the fuel in the carburetor causes a decrease in temperature that reduces the performance of the carburetor can, and it is believed that this decrease in performance on the ice separation in the carburetor and especially on or near the nozzles. This phenomenon is particularly disturbing, firstly when the air is cold, e.g. B. if it has a temperature of -1 to 16 ° C, secondly if the relative Humidity is high, e.g. B. is over 65%, thirdly when using fuels of high volatility and fourthly, when the machine is working under low load. Finding more effective Means of preventing the carburetor from icing up is an important problem because icing is too frequent Exposure of the machine and, more importantly, significant loss of strength and therefore increase fuel consumption. In the event of heavy icing, the machine may come to a standstill and cannot be started again until the carburetor has reached working temperature again.

There are already known various additives to gasoline that prevent this phenomenon, z. B. morpholine, dimethylformamide, glycerol monooleate and various dihydric alcohols.

It has now been found that the same effect can be obtained by adding a small amount to the fuel Amount of an alkali or ammonium sulfonate added. Using these improved fuels exists less tendency to icing up. The fuel composition of the invention accordingly exists from a fuel suitable for internal combustion engines operating with carburettors, and in the Alkali or ammonium sulfonates dissolved in fuel.

Sodium sulfonates are particularly preferred as alkali sulfonates. The sulfonates can be petroleum sulfonates or use synthetic sulfonates provided that they are present in the fuel, e.g. B. gasoline, are soluble. The preferred Sulphonates contain 15 to 20 carbon atoms in the molecule. The sulfonates can be made by sulfonating a mineral oil or a heavy alkylate, which is preferably a sulfonate of molecular weight im Range from 300 to 600, in particular from 350 to 450, provides. Two particularly valuable types of sulfonates are referred to as type 500 S and type 700 S. The compositions of the sulfonates of these two types are given in the table below.

The fuel can be a gasoline of the usual type and fuel additives such as anti-knock agents, e.g. B. Tetraethyl lead, Stabilizers, lubricants, resin fuel for with carburetor

and spark ignition working

Internal combustion engines

Applicant:

Esso Standard Societe Anonyme Frangaise, Paris

Representative: E. Maemecke, Berlin-Lichterfelde West,

and Dr. W. Kühl, Hamburg 36, Esplanade 36 a,

Patent attorneys

Claimed priority:
France from May 3, 1956

Christian Jahan, Gruchet-Ie-Valasse (France), has been named as the inventor

solvents etc. included. A suitable gas may include a 10 ° / ₀ -ASTM distillate point of 43-52 ° C, a 50% -Destillatpunkt 88-132 ° C and a 90% -Destillatpunkt 145.5 to 197 ° C hold. The invention is particularly applicable to gasolines with a 50% ASTM distillate point below 154.5 ° C, preferably below 138 ° C, and / or a 20% distillate point below 74 ° C, preferably below 70 ° C.

Type 500 S 3 Type 700 S Sodium sulfonate the following together 1.3 settlement 0.3 max. Sodium sulfonate,% 48 to 52 0.990 65 to 70 Mineral oil,% 45 to 51 27 to 34 mean molecular weight 525 470 Water, maximum content,% 3.25 Mineral salts, Höchst salary % 0.6 free alkalinity as NaOH 0.35 max. approximate density 0.970

The sulfonates can be added to the fuels according to the invention in small amounts between 0.001 and 1 percent by weight, preferably between 0.02 and 0.1 percent by weight are added.

809 578/220

It is known to add sulfonates to diesel fuels or heating oils for the purpose of preventing sludge formation or - in the case of oils with a high concentration of sulfur - add to the corrosion of metal parts. As a rust preventive for In motor fuels in general, the addition of a lead sulfonate has also been suggested.

Finally, it is known to use gasoline and other motor fuels for the purpose of preventing the corrosion of Metal parts a small amount of an ammonia-neutralized sulfonated mixture of polyalkylbenzenes add, as they arise as a distillation residue in the production of dodecylbenzene.

The gasoline blends of the invention can be made by adding the sulfonate in the gasoline lets go into solution at room temperature. The sulfonate can be added to the gasoline in the form of a concentrate will. The sulfonates listed in the table are in the form of concentrates and do not contain them sulfonated ingredients. The mixture can be separated from any undissolved material. The following example serves to explain the invention and the advantages achieved by it.

example

Tests were carried out on a Peugeot motor vehicle of the type 203 with a carburetor of the Solex 32 PB1C type carried out under the following conditions:

The Peugeot 203 motor vehicle was placed on a dynamometer stand with the engine cold, and the Carburetor was supplied with air saturated with water vapor at a temperature of 5 ° C. The fuel consumption was at a rotational speed of the engine of 2000 rpm (in 4th gear) over a distance measured from 10 km.

The fuel had the following characteristics:

Tetraethyl lead per liter 0.5 ecm

Octane number (research method) 85

Initial boiling point 33 ° C

Final boiling point of 180 ⁰ C

The ice formation has the effect that the fuel requirement increases very considerably (by about 30%); the addition a solution of sodium sulfonate of the type S 700 has the effect that the fuel requirement on again drops the value it should have without ice formation.

For each test, the failure rating of the fuel was determined using the following formula:

£ 2 CQ

Error rating = 100 - = - -, where CO is the normal

OJ. ■ "'■ OD

paint fuel consumption in ecm without icing, Ci the normal fuel consumption in ecm under the test conditions without addition to the fuel and C2 the normal fuel consumption in ecm under the test conditions with addition to the fuel.

These tests gave the following results over a distance of 10 km:

Amount of sodium
sulfonate type S 700,
lo percent by weight CO Cl
(ecm) C2 Fault assessment
of fuel 0
0.01
0.02
»5 0.05 650 810 780
690
650 100
81
25th
0

It should be noted that the amount of 0.05% sulfonate which completely removes the icing is only a negligible amount Amount of ash.

Claims (6)

Patent claims: 1. Fuel for with carburetor and spark ignition working internal combustion engines based on gasoline, characterized in that he Contains alkali or ammonium sulfonates in solution. 2. Fuel according to claim 1, characterized in that the alkali sulfonate is a sodium sulfonate is. 3. Fuel according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the sulfonate with a petroleum sulfonate 15 to 20 carbon atoms in the molecule. 4. Fuel according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in that the alkali sulfonate is a sodium petroleum sulfonate a molecular weight in the range of 300 to 600. 5. Fuel according to claim 1 to 4, characterized in that it is 0.001 to 1 percent by weight Contains alkali or ammonium sulfonates. 6. Fuel according to claim 1 to 5, characterized in that the fuel base is a gasoline with a 20% ASTM distillate point below 74 ° C. Considered publications: German Auslegeschrift S 38480 IVc / 46a ^e (published on April 19, 1956); U.S. Patent Nos. 2575003,2527987,2739050; British Patent No. 719,776; French patents nos. 965 315, 1 031 152.