DE10342401A1 - Vacuum deposition process for enhancement of hardness of plastic substrate with involves application of layer to change the structure of functional layers applied onto substrate - Google Patents

Abstract

A substrate(20) is covered with a structure influencing layer(40) and a further, preferably functional, layer(52,53) is applied onto the latter. Adhesion between the substrate and the structure altering layer(40) is enhanced by initial application of a coupling layer(30) onto the substrate(20). The vacuum deposition process can be either a physical vapor deposition(PVD) and/or a chemical vapor deposition(CVD) process, in particular a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition(PECVD) and more particularly a plasma impulse chemical vapor deposition(PIVCD). Substrates are pre-treated in an oxygen containing plasma. Precursor concentration in the process gas is 1-20, preferably 2-10 and more preferably 4-8vol%. Thickness of the structure influencing layer is not less than5nm, preferably 5-200nm and more preferably 20-70nm. Functional layers(52,53) can incorporate a scratch resistant layer and/or an anti-reflective layer and/or an easy clean layer. Independent claims are included for: a) a composite material produced by the claimed process and incorporating a structure influencing layer; b) a composite material comprising a plastic substrate, an adhesion coupling layer and a functional layer(52,53) with a structure influencing layer on the substrate facing side; c) a housing for telecommunication equipment and/or instruments and/or headlamps comprising the composite material, d) a component, particularly a high quality optical component comprising the composite material; e) a spectacle lens comprising the composite material.

Description

The Invention relates to a method, in particular vacuum deposition method, for coating a substrate, in particular a plastic substrate, according to the preamble of claim 1 and a composite material according to the preamble of the claims 14 and 15.

Next Glass is becoming increasingly transparent as a material for a wide variety of materials Components such as optical components, covers for mobile phones, Instruments or headlamps and lenses used. Furthermore is the use in particular of transparent plastics as packaging materials for food, Cosmetics and pharmaceuticals interesting.

adversely of plastics in itself is, among other things, their relatively low Hardness, making them vulnerable are for mechanical damage such as scratches on the surface or surface abrasion.

Therefore can Such plastic materials with a particular glassy Coated layer For example, to increase their scratch resistance.

To the Applying a glassy layer to a plastic substrate can various processes such as painting or vacuum process such as sputtering, electron beam evaporation, photochemical vapor deposition as well as PECVD processes (plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition) be applied.

It should be noted in connection with the thermal stress as a result of the coating process in plastics, that the temperature during coating should not be too high and in particular below the glass transition temperature, T _g , of the plastic should remain to ensure that the plastic substrate does not soften and so especially its shape changes.

Therefore, for example, in US 6,126,792 described, for applying a layer system of scratch-resistant and anti-reflective coating to reduce the thermal stress of the plastic by first a PECVD method for applying a scratch-resistant coating is used, and then by sputtering the anti-reflection coating is applied. However, this solution is technically complex, inter alia due to the combination of two different coating methods.

moreover In particular, the adhesion of the vitreous layer to the plastic substrate can be extremely poor be. In general, there is a cause for insufficient adhesion the coating on a plastic substrate such as PMMA in its low surface energy as well as possibly also the thermal load during of the coating process. On the other hand, the liability may be during the Life of the coated material due to differences in the properties of the plastic and a glass-like applied Layer, especially in the respective coefficients of thermal expansion, significantly be lowered.

To increase the surface free energy of a plastic substrate and thus to improve the adhesion of coatings to the plastic substrate, U. Schulz, P. Munzert and N. Kaiser describe in their publication "Surface modification of PMMA by DC glow discharge and microwave plasma treatment for the improvement of coating adhesion ", Surface and Coatings Technology (2001) p. 507-511, the pretreatment of a plastic substrate in a plasma. In the European writing EP 1 156 131 A1 It is described to pretreat a plastic substrate in such a way that subsequently, for example, layers applied by sputtering adhere better.

In US 6,284,324 B1 For improving the adhesion of coatings to plastic substrates, it is described to apply a primer layer to the plastic substrate on which the following coating is applied.

It However, it has been found that such layer systems, which a bonding agent layer on in particular a plastic substrate, have a lack of mechanical strength. In addition, such Layered systems in addition to susceptibility for mechanical Burden also opposite Light radiation, in particular UV radiation, high temperatures and Moisture too low resistance exhibit.

Even if, however, by pretreatment of the plastic substrate or by installing additional Substances in a coating can increase their durability known layers disadvantages in connection with their optical Properties.

Thus, it has been found that while it is possible to apply an adhesive coating to the substrate, for example, by using a primer layer. However, this coating is often insufficiently transparent, even when the adhesion is satisfactory. In particular, such layers have Haze values (Turbidity) of several percent. With the Haze value or the turbidity according to ASTM D 1003 the proportion of transmitted light is given, which differs from the incident light beam on average by more than 2.5 °. For example, the Haze value should be well below 1% for optical applications.

With usual Processes grow due to the necessarily low deposition temperatures on plastic substrates layer systems with columnar structures on. These Structures also tend to be parallel in one direction substrate surface to grow and so to cloud the Contribute layer system. Such structures become, for example K. Teshima, Y. Inoue, H. Sugimura and O. Takai in their publication "Growth and structure of silica films deposited on a polymeric material by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition ", Thin Solid Films (2002), pp. 324-329, described. They form directly on the surface to be coated and can the cloudiness of the composite material.

It thus results in an object of the invention, a coating a substrate available which, on the one hand, adheres sufficiently to the substrate, and secondly a high optical quality, in particular a low one Haze, has.

These Tasks are achieved by the invention with a method according to claim 1 and a composite material according to claims 14 or 15 solved. advantageous Further developments can be found in the respectively associated subclaims.

The Invention presents for the first time a method, in particular vacuum deposition method, for coating a substrate, in particular a plastic substrate, to disposal, in which during the process a morphology-influencing layer is applied, to which at least one further layer, in particular a functional layer is applied.

The Morphology-influencing layer connects according to the method two layers, namely the Functional layer with the underlying layer. It can in particular, they are layers, for example in their composition and / or structure and possibly other properties such as thermal expansion coefficients, Refractive indices and so on, differ from each other.

When Functional layers can in particular so-called optical layers, that is to say layers with special optical properties, such as transparency, refractive index, Colourfulness and so on, be applied. For example, can these are also anti-reflex layers or one of several individual layers existing anti-reflex layer system act.

Further can Functional layers be layers with special mechanical properties such as anti-scratch layers. In addition, you can Functional layers in particular comprise hyrophobic cover layers. These are also referred to as a cleaning layer or easy-to-clean layer. Next you can Functional layers improved the barrier properties of the material. Furthermore can Functional layers the material an increased resistance especially against chemical attack or wear as a result of exposure to UV rays or for damaging the material confer climatic conditions.

By the inventive application of the Layer, which by its function is termed "morphology-influencing layer", can be surprising easy way to influence the structure of the further layer or layers are taken.

With usual Processes grow on plastic substrates on coating systems, at which form structures in which the structure-forming Units tend to be parallel in one direction substrate surface grow and so to cloudiness contribute to the shift system.

By the inventive application of the Morphology influencing Layer may in particular be the structure of the morphology-influencing Layer following functional layer can be adjusted such that forming such, growing in a direction parallel to the substrate surface pillar structures almost complete can be prevented.

The Morphology-influencing layer can include the Effect of a so-called "seed layers. " means the morphology-influencing layer can the germination behavior when growing a subsequent layer change. The morphology-influencing In particular, layer may result in an increased number of such sites on the layer to be coated, where the following Layer can grow up. This creates a structure of the following Layer with significantly smaller dimensions of the structure-forming Units, so for example, the above-mentioned columns, in a plane parallel to the substrate surface as without morphology-influencing layer.

Therefore can Layer systems with significantly reduced turbidity compared to layer systems without morphology-influencing Layer can be produced.

Of Another is by compared to a layer system without Morphology-influencing layer of smaller dimensions of the spaces between the structure-forming units a significantly improved barrier effect to achieve with the help of the invention. Because the interstices as diffusion paths serve through the layer system, is characterized by a reduction in particular their width significantly reduces the diffusion through the layers.

Morphology influencing Layer.

moreover is the adhesion of the layers on the underlying layers very high. In particular, the detachment The layers of the substrate can be largely completely avoided become.

The The invention further provides that in the process a primer layer on the substrate, in particular on the plastic substrate applied becomes.

On the Bonding with the primer layer is also a liability then ensured in particular when the functional layer and the substrate are in their properties, for example the thermal expansion coefficient, clearly distinguish and so applying the functional layer on the substrate itself is not readily possible. With the invention it is therefore possible also for Such requirements layers with low turbidity and produce high mechanical strength with good adhesion.

advantageously, the morphology-influencing layer is applied to the primer layer. Then the morphology-influencing layer connects the two different layers, adhesion promoter layer and functional layer. In this case, advantageously no special requirements in particular to the structure of the adhesive layer or that of the substrate. The invention therefore extends the possibilities in the choice of Adhesive layer and the substrate.

According to the invention can as Vakuumdepositionsverfahren a PVD and / or a CVD method, in particular a PECVD method, in particular a PICVD method can be used.

Basically exists in the context of the invention the advantage of freedom in the choice of Method for applying the layers, in particular the morphology-influencing Layer. The invention is not limited to a particular method for Limited coating of substrates.

To the Applying the primer layer, the morphology-influencing layer and the functional layer can In principle, different methods are used in each case.

at Use of a CVD process (chemical vapor deposition), in particular in a PECVD process (plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition), especially in a PICVD process (plasma impulse chemical vapor Deposition), however, is the deposition of the layers at low Temperatures, especially at temperatures below the glass transition temperature of plastics possible. About fast Change of the process gas gets beyond that advantageously allows the application of very thin layers.

Further For example, the substrate may be in a pretreatment step in an oxygen-containing plasma be functionalized. Thus, the application of the first layer, in particular the primer layer, on the substrate on be improved.

At the Applying the morphology-influencing layer can according to the invention an organosilicon compound, in particular HMDSO, as at least a precursor can be used.

To Insights of the inventors allows the Use of organosilicon compounds as precursor surprisingly forming a suitable morphology-influencing layer. Thus, it is advantageously possible to resort to precursors with which Handling one is familiar. The invention requires in particular no special materials for the application of the morphology-influencing layer.

Suitable precursor materials are, for example, silanes, siloxanes and silazanes. In particular, the following compounds can be used: methylsilane, dimethylsilane, trimethylsilane, diethylsilane, propylsilane, phenylsilane, hexamethyldisilane, 1,1,2,2-tetramethyldisilane, bis (trimethylsilyl) methane, bis (dimethylsilyl) methane, hexamethyldisilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, Ethylmethoxysilane, ethyltrimethoxysilane, divinyltetramethyldisiloxane, divinylhexamethyltrisiloxane and trivinylpentamethyltrisiloxane, 1,1,2,2-tetramethyldisiloxane, hexamethyldisiloxane, vinyltrimethylsilane, methyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane and hexamethyldisilazane. Preferred silicon compounds are tetramethyldisiloxane, hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO), hexamethyldisilazane, tetramethylsilazane, dimethoxydimethylsilane, methyltrimethoxysilane, Te triethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, diethoxydimethylsilane, methyltriethoxysilane, triethoxyvinylsilane, tetraethoxysilane, dimethoxymethylphenylsilane, phenyltrimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, diethoxymethylphenylsilane, tris (2-methoxyethoxy) vinylsilane, phenlytriethoxysilane and dimethoxydiphenylsilane.

The process gas may comprise, in addition to the at least one precursor, further gases, in particular reactive gases such as oxygen and optionally carrier gases, this means Inert gases such as nitrogen or noble gases.

The concentration of the precursor c _P in the process gas has, in particular when applying the morphology-influencing layer advantageously a value in the range of 1 vol .-% = c _P = 20 vol .-%.

A Precursor concentration in this area is also during application the rest Layers possible. However, the precursor concentration during application of the remaining layers is not set to this range, but may vary depending on the desired Layer function freely selected become.

This applies to the particular composition of the process gas during the application of the layers. Also when applying the morphology-influencing layer can the rest Composition of the process gas freely selected become. The composition is advantageously depending on the given properties of the layers, which with the morphology-influencing layer in contact, as well as the requirements of the layer composite and the morphology-influencing layer.

In an advantageous development, it is provided that the concentration of the precursor c _P in the process gas, in particular when applying the morphology-influencing layer, has a value in the range of 2% by volume = c _P = 10% by volume. In a further advantageous development, it is provided that the concentration of the precursor c _P in the process gas, in particular when applying the morphology-influencing layer, has a value in the range of 4% by volume = c _P = 8% by volume.

According to the invention a morphology-influencing layer can be applied, the thickness of which has a value of at least 5 nm.

With the term thickness is the average length of a route, which is substantially perpendicular to the substrate surface and the extent of the morphology-influencing layer in this Direction detected.

In order to the effect of the morphology-influencing layer unfolds can, a certain minimum thickness is required. Especially at optical remuneration However, there are generally no major differences between plastics in refractive indices between substrate and deposited layers. Therefore, the morphology-affecting layer usually does not become optically effective, so that a limitation of the maximum layer thickness basically not is mandatory. The inventive method is therefore advantageously not problematic in principle Requirements for exact adherence to coating times, in particular for the Applying the morphology-influencing Layer.

In an advantageous development it is provided that a morphology-influencing layer is applied whose thickness d _{M has} a value in the range of 5 nm = d _M = 200 nm. According to a further advantageous development, a morphology-influencing layer can be applied whose thickness d _{M has} a value in the range of 20 nm = d _M = 70 nm.

As the substrate (for example, Makrolon ^® PC) and / or PC-derivatives and / or Cycloolephincopolymere, in the process of this invention polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA, for example Perspex ^®) and / or polycarbonate (COC, e.g. Topas ^® or Zeonex ^®) are used. Further, as the substrate, in particular polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and / or polyetherimide (e.g., Ultem ^®) and / or Cycloolephinpolymere (COP) and / or Polyethersylfon be used of said materials (e.g., Ultrason ^®) and / or mixtures and / or blends.

advantageously, offers the invention thus the principal freedom in the election of the substrate depending on the application. Especially with a PICVD method can essentially all plastics easily and simply coated become.

Of Furthermore, the invention relates to a composite material, which is a Having morphology-influencing layer.

Especially can this composite material with the method according to the invention be produced.

The Invention also relates to a composite material comprising a substrate, in particular a plastic substrate, a primer layer and at least one functional layer, wherein the composite material on the side facing the substrate, the at least one functional layer has a morphology-influencing layer.

As has been shown above, can by the According to the invention, application of the morphology-influencing layer, in particular the structure of the functional layer following the morphology-influencing layer, can be set such that the expansion of the columnar structures parallel to the substrate surface is greatly reduced. Therefore, layer systems with significantly reduced turbidity can be produced in comparison with layer systems without a morphology-influencing layer.

in the composite material according to the invention morphology-influencing layer is also the adhesion of the layers on the underlying layers very high. In particular, the detachment The layers of the substrate can be largely completely avoided become.

The has composite material according to the invention advantageously substantially no structure-forming units with dimensions in the range of the visible Lichwellenlänge on.

Thereby has the composite material according to the invention a reduced turbidity compared with composite materials without morphology-influencing Shift up. The invention is basically not on the effect limited to radiation in the range of visible wavelengths. Rather, depending on Application of the method and the composite material in its properties also designed for lower light scattering at other wavelengths become.

The Thickness of the morphology-influencing layer in the composite material of the present invention is preferable at least 5 nm.

With The term thickness, as explained above, an average dimension essentially perpendicular to the substrate surface. It goes without saying consider, that in the mentioned small dimensions also individual areas-morphology-influencing Layer can exist, which when applying the morphology-influencing layer not be coated.

Even if such regions are present in the morphology-influencing layer, is the general, effect of the morphology-influencing according to the invention Layer still given. In particular, the layer system has clear improved optical and mechanical properties in comparison to layer systems without morphology-influencing layer.

In a preferred embodiment of the composite material, the thickness d _{M of} the morphology-influencing layer is at a value in the range of 5 nm = d _M = 200 nm, particularly preferably at a value in the range of 20 nm = d _M = 70 nm.

The The invention further provides that the morphology-influencing layer in the composite material is substantially amorphous.

In principle, however, can the morphology-influencing layer as well as all other layers amorphous, semi-crystalline or crystalline. The invention is in limited in any way.

Especially For example, the functional layer of the composite material according to the invention may have an anti-scratch layer include. Likewise, it is provided that the functional layer a Antireflective layer or an antireflection layer system. Furthermore For example, the functional layer according to the invention can be an easy-to-clean layer include.

in the Composite material may be a functional layer, in particular one of above functional layers, be present. Furthermore includes the invention composite materials which have several same and / or have several different functional layers. At least one According to the invention, the functional layers are connected to a morphology-influencing layer.

The composite material can as a substrate of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA, for example Perspex ^®) and / or polycarbonate (PC, for instance Makrolon ^®) and / or PC-derivatives and / or Cycloolephincopolymere (COC, for example, Topas ^® or Zeonex ^®) include. Further, as the substrate, in particular polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and / or polyetherimide (e.g., Ultem ^®) and / or Cycloolephinpolymere (COP) and / or Polyethersylfon be used of said materials (e.g., Ultrason ^®) and / or mixtures and / or blends.

By the advantage of freedom in the choice of substrate depending on the application allows the invention also the use of substrates which themselves already have a coating, in particular a layer system. With other layers, such as in particular at least one morphology-influencing layer with subsequent functional layer, can for certain applications the scratch resistance and the optical quality be tailored to the requirements profile.

Thus, for example, several, in particular inventive, layer systems can be interconnected. For example, it is possible to provide a substrate with a primer layer and a morphology-influencing layer and to apply thereto as a functional layer an anti-scratching layer. On this composite material can then again a morphology-influencing Layer and applied to it as a functional layer an antireflection layer. The structure of the antireflection layer can also be further improved in this way.

analog applies to other functional layers and any multilayer construction; the invention is not limited in the number of layers.

The Invention can be used in many different ways. Just an example is a housing conceivable, which comprises a composite material according to the invention. The housing In particular, a cover for a telecommunication terminal and / or an instrument cover and / or a headlight cover.

For example can the invention for Mobile phones are used whose parts are coated with an anti-scratch coating could be. As well can the invention for Anti-reflective coatings of, for example, displays, screens and headlight covers. Also the outer parts of measuring instruments can be provided with a functional layer depending on the application.

Of Furthermore, the invention in a component, in particular a optical component, in particular a fine-optical component are used, which is a composite material according to the invention includes.

For example the invention relates to turbidity-free Reflectors, especially in headlamps, also lenses, in particular for digital projection.

Of Furthermore, the invention in spectacle lenses, in particular on spectacle lenses Plastic base, are used. This can be, for example Scratch-resistant, lightweight lenses with excellent optical properties and high scratch resistance to disposal put.

The The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to embodiments. The same components are denoted by the same reference numerals.

It demonstrate:

1 A not to scale, schematic representation of a cross section through a layer system according to an embodiment of the invention,

2 FIG. 2 a view of a composite material according to an embodiment of the invention compared to a composite material including a morphology-influencing layer; FIG.

3 a diagram in which measurements are plotted on the content of Si, O and C of the layers of a composite material according to the invention.

In 1 is a cross section through a composite material 10 with a layer system according to an embodiment of the invention shown schematically. The representation is not to scale; the thickness of the layers and the relation of the layer thicknesses to each other is basically freely selectable for the particular application.

In the example shown is on a substrate 20 a primer layer 30 applied. To the primer layer 30 closes a morphology-influencing layer 40 at.

On the morphology-influencing layer 40 can then, for example, a layer system of functional layers 50 be upset. In the embodiment shown is on the morphology-influencing layer 40 an anti-scratch coating 52 applied, which in turn with other optical functional layers, which is an anti-reflex Schichtsytem 53 build up, is coated.

By the morphology-influencing layer may be a coating of a Plastic substrates can be achieved, which for optical Applications required low Haze values of the composite material Fulfills.

On the right side of the picture in 2 is a photograph of a composite material 100 according to an embodiment of the invention in comparison to a recording of a composite material 200 , which has no morphology-influencing layer 40 includes shown.

For the shown images to visualize the turbidity in the visible spectral range, the plate-shaped composite materials 100 . 200 Illuminated laterally with white light against a black background.

One can clearly see the strong haze of the composite material 200 , which has no morphology-influencing layer 40 having. The haze value of this composite 200 is about 3%. In contrast, the composite material 100 with the morphology-influencing layer 40 a noticeably lower turbidity: the haze value of this composite material 100 is well below 1%.

One possibility, the presence of the morphology-influencing layer 40 provide measurements of ionized sputtering fragments after ion bombardment by mass spectrometry (SIMS). These measurements determine the composition of a composite as a function of a depth perpendicular to the surface of the composite. An example of a result of such a SIMS measurement is shown in the diagram in FIG 3 shown.

Plotted is the intensity of the registered ions in arbitrary units. The arbitrary units indicate the counted hits as a measure of the intensity of each considered species. In the example shown, the molecules were considered to be SiC (square symbols), SiO ₃ (circular symbols), O ₂ (triangular symbols pointing upwards) and C ₃ (triangular symbols pointing downwards). From the data for the intensity can be calculated in principle for each substance considered their concentration.

The intensity is dependent applied by the measuring time. As the measuring time increases, so does the material to be examined more and more worn away, so the last applied layer first, ie at low measurement times, is detected. The correspondingly previously applied layers are correspondingly higher measurement times detected.

in the example shown can for all substances are clearly distinguished four areas. These four areas correspond to a functional layer, shown in FIG Example of an anti-scratch layer, the morphology-influencing layer, a primer layer and the substrate.

The Morphology-influencing layer is particularly evident in the shown example in that the content of Si and O in the Morphology-influencing layer clearly opposite to the Content of said substances in the primer layer, is increased in the functional layer and in the susbtrate. Furthermore, the Content of C in the morphology-influencing layer significantly over that Content of C in the primer layer and in the functional layer reduced. Morphology-influencing layer.

About the different intensities For example, conclusions can be drawn on, for example, the species considered the proportion of particular Si-O compounds in the respective Lay layers. This will lead to conclusions the function of the layers is possible, so that, for example, substrate, adhesion promoter layer and functional layers for the expert are easily detectable. From these layers the morphology-influencing one stands out Layer clearly off.

Claims (28)

Method, in particular vacuum deposition method, for coating a substrate 20 , in particular a plastic substrate, characterized in that in the course of the process, a morphology-influencing layer 40 is applied, to which a further layer, in particular a functional layer 50 , is applied. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that an adhesive layer 30 on the substrate 20 is applied. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a morphology-influencing layer 40 on the primer layer 30 is applied. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that as a vacuum deposition method, a PVD and / or a CVD process, in particular a PECVD method, in particular a PICVD method is used. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the substrate 20 is functionalized in a pretreatment step in an oxygen-containing plasma. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that during application of the morphology-influencing layer 40 an organosilicon compound, in particular HMDSO, is used as precursor. A method according to claim 6, characterized in that the concentration of the precursor c _P in the process gas during application of the morphology-influencing layer 40 has a value in the range of 1% by volume = c _P = 20% by volume. A method according to claim 7, characterized in that the concentration of the precursor c _P in the process gas during application of the morphology-influencing layer 40 has a value in the range of 2% by volume = c _P = 10% by volume. Method according to claim 8, characterized in that; that the concentration of the precursor c _P in the process gas when applying the morphology-influencing layer 40 has a value in the range of 4% by volume = c _P = 8% by volume. Method in particular according to one of the preceding claims, characterized that a layer, in particular a morphology-influencing layer, 40 is applied, whose thickness has a value of at least 5 nm. A method according to claim 10, characterized in that a morphology-influencing layer is applied whose thickness d _{M has} a value in the range of 5 nm = d _M = 200 nm. A method according to claim 10, characterized in that a morphology-influencing layer 40 is applied whose thickness d _{M has} a value in the range of 20 nm = d _M = 70 nm. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that as a substrate 20 PMMA or PC or PC derivatives or COC or PET or polyetherimide or COP or Polyethersylfon or a mixture or blend of at least two of said materials is used. composite material 10 , in particular preparable by a method according to claims 1 to 13, characterized by a morphology-influencing layer 40 or a layer according to claim 10. composite material 10 which is a substrate 20 , in particular a plastic substrate, an adhesion promoter layer 30 and at least one functional layer 50 comprises, characterized in that the composite material 10 at the substrate 20 facing side of the at least one functional layer 50 a morphology-influencing layer 40 having. composite material 10 according to one of claims 14 or 15, characterized in that the composite material 10 has substantially no structure-forming units with dimensions in the range of the visible Lichwellenlänge. composite material 10 according to one of claims 14 to 16, characterized in that the thickness of the layer, in particular the morphology-influencing layer 40 , at least 5 nm. composite material 10 according to claim 17, characterized in that the thickness d _{M of} the morphology-influencing layer 40 has a value in the range of 5 nm = d _M = 200 nm. composite material 10 according to claim 18, characterized in that the thickness d _{M of} the morphology-influencing layer 40 has a value in the range of 20 nm = d _M = 70 nm. composite material 10 according to one of claims 14 to 19, characterized in that the morphology-influencing layer 40 is substantially amorphous. composite material 10 according to one of claims 14 to 20, characterized in that the functional layer 50 an anti-scratch coating 52 includes. composite material 10 according to one of claims 14 to 21, characterized in that the functional layer 50 an antireflective layer 53 includes. composite material 10 according to one of claims 14 to 22, characterized in that the functional layer 50 includes an easy-to-clean layer. composite material 10 according to one of claims 14 to 23, characterized in that the substrate 20 PMMA or PC or PC derivatives or COC or PET or polyetherimide or COP or Polyethersylfon or a mixture or blend of at least two of said materials used. Housing, which is a composite material 10 according to any one of claims 14 to 24. casing according to claim 25, characterized in that the housing has a Cover for a telecommunications terminal and / or an instrument cover and / or a headlight cover includes. Component, in particular optical component, in particular fine-optical component, which is a composite material 10 according to any one of claims 14 to 24. Spectacle lens, which is a composite material 10 according to any one of claims 14 to 24.