DE10323385B4 - Emission control system for an internal combustion engine - Google Patents
Emission control system for an internal combustion engine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DE10323385B4 DE10323385B4 DE2003123385 DE10323385A DE10323385B4 DE 10323385 B4 DE10323385 B4 DE 10323385B4 DE 2003123385 DE2003123385 DE 2003123385 DE 10323385 A DE10323385 A DE 10323385A DE 10323385 B4 DE10323385 B4 DE 10323385B4
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- exhaust gas
- particulate filter
- control system
- downstream
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
- F01N3/0842—Nitrogen oxides
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
- F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0814—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with catalytic converters, e.g. NOx absorption/storage reduction catalysts
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2250/00—Combinations of different methods of purification
- F01N2250/02—Combinations of different methods of purification filtering and catalytic conversion
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2250/00—Combinations of different methods of purification
- F01N2250/12—Combinations of different methods of purification absorption or adsorption, and catalytic conversion
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2250/00—Combinations of different methods of purification
- F01N2250/14—Combinations of different methods of purification absorption or adsorption, and filtering
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
- F01N2330/30—Honeycomb supports characterised by their structural details
- F01N2330/48—Honeycomb supports characterised by their structural details characterised by the number of flow passages, e.g. cell density
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion
- F01N3/206—Adding periodically or continuously substances to exhaust gases for promoting purification, e.g. catalytic material in liquid form, NOx reducing agents
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
Abstract
Abgasreinigungsanlage
für eine Brennkraftmaschine,
die in Strömungsrichtung
des Abgases gesehen einen Partikelfilter (1) und stromab des Partikelfilters
(1) mindestens einen Katalysator (2, 3, 4) aufweist,
dadurch
gekennzeichnet, dass
– der
Partikelfilter motornah in einem Abgaskrümmer oder vor oder nach einem
Abgasturbolader angeordnet ist und
– der stromab des Partikelfilters
(1) angeordnete mindestens eine Katalysator (2, 3, 4) einen Zelldichtebereich
von etwa 900 bis 2000 cpsi aufweist.Emission control system for an internal combustion engine, which has a particle filter (1) in the flow direction of the exhaust gas and at least one catalyst (2, 3, 4) downstream of the particle filter (1),
characterized in that
- The particulate filter is arranged close to the engine in an exhaust manifold or before or after an exhaust gas turbocharger and
- The downstream of the particulate filter (1) arranged at least one catalyst (2, 3, 4) has a cell density range of about 900 to 2000 cpsi.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Abgasreinigungsanlage für eine Brennkraftmaschine nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The The invention relates to an exhaust gas purification system for an internal combustion engine according to the preamble of claim 1.
Für die Reinigung von Abgasen aus Verbrennungsmotoren sind heute Katalysatoren und Filter im Einsatz, die die Emission der Abgasbestandteile HC, CO, NOx und Partikel mindern. Nach dem Stand der Technik werden niederzellige Katalysatoren für Abgase mit hoher Partikelbeladung gewählt, so dass durch Partikel/Ruß keine Nachteile durch das Anlagern und/oder Verstopfen der Katalysatorwaben zu erwarten sind. Auf der anderen Seite kann die Anwendung von dünnwandigen hochzelligen Katalysatoren vorteilhaft sein, da diese einen geringeren Bauraum beanspruchen, ein besseres Anspringen bei tieferen Temperaturen (light-off temperature) zeigen und eine verbesserte Effektivität durch die Erhöhung ihrer geometrischen Oberfläche zur Folge haben. Bei Wabenkatalysatoren bedeutet dies eine Erhöhung ihrer Zelldichte. Die Verwendung hochzelliger Monolithe für die Reinigung von Dieselabgasen wird jedoch durch Dieselpartikel behindert.For the purification of exhaust gases from internal combustion engines today catalysts and filters are in use, which reduce the emission of exhaust components HC, CO, NO x and particles. According to the prior art, low-carbon catalysts are chosen for exhaust gases with high particle loading, so that particles and soot can not be expected to adversely affect the adsorption and / or clogging of the catalyst honeycombs. On the other hand, the application of thin-walled high-cell catalysts may be advantageous because they require less space, show a better light-off temperature at lower temperatures and have an improved effectiveness by increasing their geometric surface result. In honeycomb catalysts, this means an increase in their cell density. However, the use of high-cell monoliths for the purification of diesel exhaust gases is hampered by diesel particulates.
Aus
der
In
der
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, eine Abgasreinigungsanlage für eine Brennkraftmaschine zur Verfügung zu stellen, die es gestattet, Wabenkatalysatoren mit sehr hohen Zelldichten für die Reinigung von Dieselabgasen einzusetzen, da eine weitere Verschärfung der Abgasgrenzwerte für Dieselmotoren nicht nur eine Reduktion der Partikelemissionen, sondern auch eine weitere Verbesserung der Abgasgrenzwerte für gasförmige Schadstoffe notwendig macht.task The present invention is an exhaust gas purification system for an internal combustion engine to disposal to make, which allows honeycomb catalysts with very high Cell densities for to use the cleaning of diesel exhaust gases, as a further tightening of Exhaust gas limit values for Diesel engines not only reduce particulate emissions, but also a further improvement of the exhaust gas limit values for gaseous pollutants necessary power.
Erfindungsgemäß ist hierzu eine Abgasreinigungsanlage für eine Brennkraftmaschine vorgesehen, die in Strömungsrichtung des Abgases gesehen motornah einen Partikelfilter und stromab des Partikelfilters mindestens einen Katalysator aufweist, bei der der stromab des Partikelfilters angeordnete mindestens eine Katalysator einen Zelldichtebereich von etwa 900 bis 2000 cpsi, vorzugsweise von etwa 900 bis 1600 cpsi, aufweist.According to the invention is this an emission control system for provided an internal combustion engine, the motor near the engine as seen in the flow direction of the exhaust gas a particulate filter and downstream of the particulate filter at least a catalyst, in which the downstream of the particulate filter arranged at least one catalyst has a cell density range from about 900 to 2000 cpsi, preferably from about 900 to 1600 cpsi, having.
Eine nach Anspruch 2 weitergebildete Abgasreinigungsanlage ist mit einer katalytischen Beschichtung versehen.A according to claim 2 further developed emission control system is equipped with a provided catalytic coating.
Ferner ist gemäß Anspruch 3 der stromab des Partikelfilters angeordnete mindestens eine Katalysator ein NOx-Speicherkatalysator und/oder ein SCR-Katalysator.Furthermore, according to claim 3, the at least one catalyst arranged downstream of the particle filter is an NO x storage catalytic converter and / or an SCR catalytic converter.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausführung nach Anspruch 4 weist der stromab des Partikelfilters angeordnete mindestens eine Katalysator die Funktionen eines NOx-Speicherkatalysators und eines SCR-Katalysators auf.In an advantageous embodiment according to An 4, the at least one catalytic converter arranged downstream of the particle filter has the functions of a NO x storage catalytic converter and an SCR catalytic converter.
Durch die Anordnung des Partikelfilters an erster Stelle hinter dem Motor ergeben sich mehrere Vorteile. Zum einen erfährt der Filter in der motornahen Einbauposition höhere Betriebstemperaturen, d.h. er profitiert von dem sogenannten CRT-Effekt (Continuous Regeneration Trap), der Reaktion zwischen NOx und Ruß. Dies führt zu einer permanenten Rußregeneration des Partikelfilters, wodurch die Häufigkeit der aktiven Filterregenerationen deutlich abgesenkt werden kann. Zum anderen entfallen alle Einschränkungen bei der Katalysator- und/oder Trägerauswahl, da die Verunreinigungen aus dem Dieselabgas durch den vorgeschalteten Partikelfilter entfallen. Vorteilhafterweise können daher leistungsfähigere hochzellige Katalysatoren zum Einsatz kommen, die durch die vorbeschriebenen Partikelemissionen sonst schnell zugesetzt würden. Der Einsatz hochzelliger Katalysatoren im Anschluß an den Partikelfilter äußert sich in vorteilhafter Weise in einer Volumeneinsparung, einem verbesserten Kaltstartverhalten und einem besseren Umsatz bei der Schadstoffreduktion. Ferner kann aufgrund der höheren geometrischen Oberfläche die Schichtdicke der Katalysatorbeschichtung mit Edelmetallen reduziert werden. Dies vermindert auch die Transporthemmungen der ablaufenden chemischen Prozesse. Zudem werden ferner alle festen (z.B. Zn, P, Ca, Fe) und größtenteils auch Schwefel-haltige Verunreinigungen im Partikelfilter, die zu Vergiftungserscheinigungen der nachfolgenden Komponenten führen können, zurückgehalten. Damit verbessert sich als ein weiterer Vorteil das Alterungsverhalten dieser nachgeschalteten Komponenten wie z.B. Katalysatoren, Sensoren etc., und erhöht damit die Lebensdauer dieser Komponenten nachhaltig. Es können auch Sensoren Einsatz finden, die normalerweise im partikelbeladenen Abgas nicht verwendet werden konnten.The arrangement of the particulate filter in the first place behind the engine, there are several advantages. On the one hand, the filter experiences higher operating temperatures in the installation position close to the engine, ie it benefits from the so-called CRT effect (Continuous Regeneration Trap), the reaction between NO x and soot. This leads to a permanent soot regeneration of the particulate filter, whereby the frequency of active filter regeneration can be significantly reduced. On the other hand eliminates all restrictions in the catalyst and / or carrier selection, since the impurities from the diesel exhaust eliminated by the upstream particulate filter. Advantageously, therefore, more powerful high-cell catalysts can be used, which would otherwise be added quickly by the above-described particle emissions. The use of high-cell catalysts following the particle filter manifests itself in an advantageous manner in a volume saving, improved cold start behavior and a better conversion in pollutant reduction. Furthermore, due to the higher geometric surface area, the layer thickness of the catalyst coating with noble metals can be reduced. This also reduces the transport inhibitions of the ongoing chemical processes. In addition, all solid (eg Zn, P, Ca, Fe) and mostly also sulfur-containing impurities in the particulate filter, which can lead to poisoning phenomena of the following components, also retained. This improves the aging behavior of these downstream components, such as catalysts, sensors etc., as a further advantage, and thus increases the service life of these components sustainably. Sensors can also be used which could not normally be used in particle-laden exhaust gas.
Weitere Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Ansprüchen und der nachfolgenden Beschreibung mehrere bevorzugter Ausführungsformen der Erfindung im Zusammenhang mit den Zeichnungen. Dabei zeigt in beispielhafter Weise:Further Features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the claims and the following description of several preferred embodiments the invention in conjunction with the drawings. It shows in by way of example:
Die
schematische Darstellung der
Die
erfindungsgemäße Anordnung
zur Abgasnachbehandlung in
Stromab
des Partikelfilters
Eine
weitere erfindungsgemäße Variante
ist in
Hinter allen genannten Ausführungsbeispielen können noch weitere zur Abgasnachbehandlung hilfreiche Komponenten angeordnet sein.Behind All mentioned embodiments can even more components for exhaust aftertreatment helpful arranged be.
Claims (4)
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2003123385 DE10323385B4 (en) | 2003-05-23 | 2003-05-23 | Emission control system for an internal combustion engine |
| PCT/EP2004/005319 WO2004104388A1 (en) | 2003-05-23 | 2004-05-18 | Exhaust gas cleaning system for an internal combustion engine |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2003123385 DE10323385B4 (en) | 2003-05-23 | 2003-05-23 | Emission control system for an internal combustion engine |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE10323385A1 DE10323385A1 (en) | 2004-12-23 |
| DE10323385B4 true DE10323385B4 (en) | 2006-02-02 |
Family
ID=33461850
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2003123385 Expired - Fee Related DE10323385B4 (en) | 2003-05-23 | 2003-05-23 | Emission control system for an internal combustion engine |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE10323385B4 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2004104388A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ITRE20050127A1 (en) | 2005-11-11 | 2007-05-12 | Ufi Filters Spa | PLANT FOR THE PURIFICATION OF EXHAUST GAS EMITTED BY INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0731256B1 (en) * | 1992-09-28 | 2000-03-22 | Ford Motor Company Limited | Filter element for exhaust emission control of internal combusion engines |
| DE19718727C2 (en) * | 1997-05-02 | 2001-01-04 | Degussa | Process for treating the exhaust gas of a diesel engine to reduce particle emissions |
| DE19955324A1 (en) * | 1999-11-17 | 2001-05-23 | Volkswagen Ag | Device and method for reducing harmful components in the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine, in particular a diesel internal combustion engine |
| DE10010013A1 (en) * | 2000-03-02 | 2001-09-06 | Still Gmbh | Vehicle with combustion engine, electrical machine(s) has heater fed with electricity from machine(s) in generator mode, upstream of regeneratable particle filter and/or exhaust gas catalyser |
| DE10118327A1 (en) * | 2001-04-12 | 2002-10-17 | Emitec Emissionstechnologie | Diesel exhaust purification system for automobiles, comprises oxidative catalysts converting carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon and nitrogen oxides, followed by particle trap |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19806062A1 (en) * | 1998-02-13 | 1999-08-19 | Siemens Ag | Reduction catalyst for reducing pollutants from diesel engine exhaust gases |
| GB0014620D0 (en) * | 2000-06-16 | 2000-08-09 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Reactor |
| JP4094823B2 (en) * | 2001-04-03 | 2008-06-04 | 日本碍子株式会社 | Honeycomb structure and assembly thereof |
| DE10164833A1 (en) * | 2001-07-03 | 2004-06-09 | Daimlerchrysler Ag | Internal combustion engine with exhaust aftertreatment device and operating method therefor |
-
2003
- 2003-05-23 DE DE2003123385 patent/DE10323385B4/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2004
- 2004-05-18 WO PCT/EP2004/005319 patent/WO2004104388A1/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0731256B1 (en) * | 1992-09-28 | 2000-03-22 | Ford Motor Company Limited | Filter element for exhaust emission control of internal combusion engines |
| DE19718727C2 (en) * | 1997-05-02 | 2001-01-04 | Degussa | Process for treating the exhaust gas of a diesel engine to reduce particle emissions |
| DE19955324A1 (en) * | 1999-11-17 | 2001-05-23 | Volkswagen Ag | Device and method for reducing harmful components in the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine, in particular a diesel internal combustion engine |
| DE10010013A1 (en) * | 2000-03-02 | 2001-09-06 | Still Gmbh | Vehicle with combustion engine, electrical machine(s) has heater fed with electricity from machine(s) in generator mode, upstream of regeneratable particle filter and/or exhaust gas catalyser |
| DE10118327A1 (en) * | 2001-04-12 | 2002-10-17 | Emitec Emissionstechnologie | Diesel exhaust purification system for automobiles, comprises oxidative catalysts converting carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon and nitrogen oxides, followed by particle trap |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE10323385A1 (en) | 2004-12-23 |
| WO2004104388A1 (en) | 2004-12-02 |
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| 8364 | No opposition during term of opposition | ||
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Owner name: DAIMLERCHRYSLER AG, 70327 STUTTGART, DE |
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| 8327 | Change in the person/name/address of the patent owner |
Owner name: DAIMLER AG, 70327 STUTTGART, DE |
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| R081 | Change of applicant/patentee |
Owner name: DAIMLER AG, DE Free format text: FORMER OWNER: DAIMLER AG, 70327 STUTTGART, DE |
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| R119 | Application deemed withdrawn, or ip right lapsed, due to non-payment of renewal fee |