DE10259968A1 - Autostereoscopic projection system provides 3-dimensional effect by using filter arrays for allowing information bits for different views of scene or object to be viewed by left and right eyes of observer - Google Patents

Abstract

The projection system has at least one projector (4) and at least one filter array (F1,F2) with a number of filter elements arranged in columns and rows. Information bits representing a scene or object are projected onto a projection screen (3) via the projector and viewed by an observer (5) via the filter arrays, so that information bits for one view of the scene or object are viewed by one eye and information bits for a different view of the scene or object are viewed by the other eye.

Description

The invention relates to autostereoscopic Projection methods and arrangements.

Such an arrangement is for example in the DE 206474 described. This document discloses a projection screen that has a line grid in front of and behind a screen in the viewing direction. The line grids contain narrow, vertically aligned, alternately opaque and transparent lines through which a pair of stereo images are projected on the back. The viewer (s) look through a grid of lines on the front and experience a spatial visual impression, since the viewer's eyes are each presented with different perspectives. A disadvantage of this arrangement is that slightly incorrect adjustments of the line grid or the ground glass lead to unpleasant phenomena such as moiré effects.

The US 5,146,246 describes a two-view projection. With this arrangement, each viewer's eye is essentially presented with only one view, either the right or the left. Here too, a line grid, ie a barrier screen, is arranged in front of and behind the projection screen in the viewing direction. This barrier screen is again fully disclosed as vertical opaque and transparent stripes. A similar arrangement shows the US 5,225,861 by the same inventor. This is a rear projection system, which projects a left and a right image through a grid with opaque and transparent elements, whereby the viewer's eyes are essentially disjoint views due to another grid with opaque and transparent elements. The font also describes vertical opaque and transparent stripes as raster elements.

For the latter writings apply again that the corresponding orders make a high adjustment effort necessary. In addition, those are additionally described Image release agent only essentially for systems with two shown Views suitable so that the or the viewer (s) hardly any freedom of movement in stereoscopic perception allows becomes.

The disclosure JP 9179090 discloses a rear projection system with a Lentiku-1ar, in which at least two views of a scenery are displayed in a time-divisional manner. The assignment of the views projected on the rear to the stripe sections on the projection screen, which correspond to the imaging directions of the lenticulars, takes place via controllable liquid crystal sections. These sections are either transparent or scattering, so that depending on their state, a view through the lenticular is always shown in one or more defined directions. The disadvantage of this arrangement is the high material cost. Above all, a high degree of control electronics is required. Furthermore, in spite of the time-multiplexed views displayed in full resolution, the viewer only sees one image in reduced horizontal resolution per eye. The arrangement also requires fast projection imagers for flicker-free display. The image refresh rate of these image generators must be higher, the more views are to be displayed, which makes the arrangements more expensive.

In the US 6,266,187 a 3D substrate is described, by means of which different light beams are imaged into the viewer's eyes from different directions. A particular disadvantage here is that the substrate is expensive to manufacture. Furthermore, the viewer's freedom of movement is restricted.

The US 4,101,210 and the US 4,132,468 describe a stereo projection for several views of a scenery, with continuous and non-overlapping, linearly structured raster images of several views being formed on a screen (eg an emulsion) on the basis of the imaging measures. These raster images have virtually no gaps, ie the parts of the view are displayed close together. The said imaging measures include in particular the use of lenticular screens in combination with lenticulars.

In Scripture DE 3529819 C2 a projection of multiple views through a lenticular is described. With this arrangement, the respective adjacent cylindrical lenses are used to project the view strips under each individual cylindrical lens. The advantage of this is that the projector housing does not have to be particularly narrow in order to achieve the correct combination of views on the projection screen. The disadvantage here is that - especially with large screen diameters - large-format lenticulars are required.

The DE 19608305 A1 discloses a rear projection system wherein two views are projected onto a screen through vertical barrier strips. The resulting raster image from the two views is then made visible by the viewer through a barrier screen in such a way that the viewer's eyes see different views, which creates a spatial impression. The arrangement is characterized by a displacement mechanism that displaces the observer-side barrier screen depending on the eye position. The disadvantage here is that only two views of a scenery are used. Furthermore, the control circuit for determining the eye position and correspondingly displacing the observer-side barrier screen has a certain inertia, which means that the observer sometimes has a pseudoscopic perceives beautiful image. The arrangement is suitable in regular forms for only one viewer.

A projection device with lenticular is in the DE 3700525 A1 shown. With this arrangement, the projection surface is curved. One disadvantage is the high space requirement for large-format screens.

WO 98/43441 A1 describes a dynamic multi-view projection system with shutters. adversely is above all the high effort in the manufacture of the arrangement.

In the US 2,313,947 discloses a multi-view projection with two barrier screens that include vertical barrier strips. Scripture too US 2,307,276 describes a multi-view projection with barrier screens using vertical barrier strips, a characteristic strip width remaining dark between the resulting view strips on the screen. This largely avoids pseudoscopic and double image positions.

The US 4,872,750 describes a rear projection system with a barrier screen on the rear, color images being achieved by overlapping separate R, G, B projections. Lenticulars are preferred for spatial reconstruction. The disadvantage here is the high expenditure on equipment.

The patent DE 195 06 648 criticizes the state of the art of 3D representation of the sudden change in perspective during a viewer movement, which occurs because of the discrete number of views displayed. An autostereoscopic arrangement for avoiding these disadvantages is described, in which several views are displayed in observable zones, so that overlap areas are generated between the observation zones and so that the illumination intensity of the individual observation zones is reduced at the edges. Aperture diaphragms, which each produce overlapping observation zones of two views in a transition area, are described as optical imaging devices. The principle on which this application is based requires a high level of technical complexity, inasmuch as 3D images with larger dimensions are required.

In the DE 10003326 C2 The applicant describes autostereoscopic methods and corresponding arrangements in which the aid-free spatial impression is generated for several viewers by means of a wavelength filter array. The filter array, which is located in front of or behind an imaging device, consists of a large number of wavelength filters arranged in rows and columns, each of which is transparent to light of certain transparency wavelengths / ranges and thus specifies discrete wavelength-dependent directions of light propagation for the light emitted by the imaging device , An image composed of several views of a scene or an object is displayed on the image generator with image elements divided into rows and columns, so that due to the filter array, an observer with both eyes sees predominantly different selections of views. It turns out to be a disadvantage here that large-screen projections cannot be easily realized.

The font JP 04177236A describes a stereo image pair projection, a highly directive reflecting wall being used as the projection screen. This results in a directional selection for the reflected image pair. It is disadvantageous here that pseudoscopic effects occur with a high probability when the viewer moves and that the freedom of the viewer to move is consecutively severely restricted.

The task of US 2002 / 022940A1 is generally the improvement of the picture quality (brightness, contrast). The task is solved, among other things, by reflecting the disturbing stray light away from the viewer in mono and stereo projections. Exemplary convex cylindrical reflective surfaces are used as projection screens. Furthermore, the case of stereo projection is also described, the corresponding projection screen being designed to be vertically scattering and horizontally directive reflecting. Here too there is the problem of severely restricted freedom of movement for the viewer.

In the US 6,344,926 describes a 3D front projection, in which a projection screen reflects directly in the horizontal direction, while it has a scattering effect in the vertical direction. An indicator reflection wall is also disclosed therein, which marks a good 3D position. With this arrangement, two projectors are required at eye distance, each projecting exactly one partial view of the scenery to be displayed. A disadvantage of arrangements of this type is also the limited freedom of movement.

Another is from WO 01/78409 spatial Display known. Here comes the front or, in particular, the rear projection for use, wherein an imager is arranged behind a screen. The screen has light transmission or reflection properties that can be controlled pixel by pixel. Further hang the radiation directions of the pixels of said screen with the light emission directions of the Pixels of the imager together. This arrangement is marked in that the The distance between the light sources (pixels) on the imager is greater than the pixel pitch on said screen and that the light sources of the imager as far from the screen that a light source has more pixels of the screen is illuminated as the number of light sources which illuminate one pixel at a time.

This arrangement is particularly complex and expensive in that the screen is a control bare light transmission or reflection must allow.

The principle of transferring integral photography WO 02/51165 teaches about front projection. Here "elementary images" are placed on an array of projected concave mirrors. The mirror array itself can also a curved one surface exhibit. The mirror array reflects and "integrates" the image information. A disadvantage of Arrangements of this type are the high manufacturing requirements in the manufacture of the mirror array as well as the need for Generate a wide variety so-called "elementary pictures".

The DE 3538308 teaches a device with a holographic projection screen that is able to completely separate exactly one left and one right image for the viewer. With arrangements of this type, the viewer's freedom of viewing is severely restricted.

In the US 6,211,977 describes the production of a holographic projection screen. Furthermore describes the US 6,229,561 a 3D display system with electro-optical switches. The particular disadvantage here is that the structure of the arrangement is complicated and therefore expensive.

Based on this state of the art the object of the invention, arrangements and methods of the kind mentioned at the outset in such a way that improved perceptibility even with larger image dimensions is achieved. It should also give a spatial impression for several Allows viewers become. The 3D impression should not only be from a few viewing positions, in which the viewers get their heads right have to keep rigid be noticeable.

• – der holographische Schirm eine Vielzahl von holographischen optischen Elementen (HOE) aufweist, die in einem Raster aus Spalten und/oder Zeilen angeordnet sind,
• – jedes HOE das von dem mindestens einem Projektor einfallende Licht vermöge mindestens einer der folgenden optischen Abbildungen bzw. Abbildungskombinationen abbildet: a) Abbildung mittels einer Linse, bevorzugt einer vertikal oder schräg zur Vertikalen stehenden Zylinderlinse, b) Diffus transparent bzw. transluzent abbildend mit nachfolgender Abbildung mittels einer Linse, bevorzugt einer vertikal oder schräg zur Vertikalen stehenden Zylinderlinse, c) Abbildung mittels eines Prismas, d) Diffus transparent bzw. transluzent abbildend mit nachfolgender Abbildung mittels eines Prismas, e) Abbildung durch einen vieleckigen Polarisationsfilter und/oder Graustufenfilter und/oder Wellenlängenfilter, wobei ein Wellenlängenfilter Licht einer vorgegebenen Wellenlänge bzw. eines oder mehrerer vorgegebenen Wellenlängenbereiche transmittiert, f) Abbildung nach e) sowie diffus transparent bzw. transluzent abbildend, g) Abbildung nach f) und nachfolgend nach e), h) Abbildung mittels einer Planplatte,

so daß für das von dem holographischen Schirm frontseitig zum Betrachter hin abgebildete Licht durch die abbildenden Wirkungen der Vielzahl von HOE eine Vielzahl von Ausbreitungsrichtungen vorgegeben werden, wobei jeweils ein HOE eine oder mehrere Lichtausbreitungsrichtungen für das auf es einfallende Licht, welches Bildteilinformationen mindestens einer der mindestens zwei insgesamt projizierten Ansichten entspricht, vorgibt, so daß von jeder Betrachtungsposition aus ein Betrachter mit einem Auge überwiegend Teilinformationen einer ersten Auswahl und mit dem anderen Auge überwiegend Teilinformationen einer zweiten Auswahl aus den Ansichten (A_k) optisch wahrnimmt, wodurch von einer Vielzahl von Betrachtungspositionen aus für den Betrachter ein räumlicher Eindruck entsteht.This object is achieved according to the invention by a method for autostereoscopic projection, in which at least one projector projects partial image information from at least two views A _k (k = 1..n, n> = 2) of a scene / object on the back onto a holographic screen, wherein

• The holographic screen has a large number of holographic optical elements (HOE) which are arranged in a grid of columns and / or rows,
• - Each HOE images the light incident from the at least one projector by means of at least one of the following optical images or image combinations: a) imaging by means of a lens, preferably a cylindrical lens standing vertically or obliquely to the vertical, b) imaging diffusely or translucently with the following Imaging using a lens, preferably a vertical or oblique cylindrical lens, c) imaging using a prism, d) diffuse transparent or translucent imaging with subsequent imaging using a prism, e) imaging using a polygonal polarization filter and / or grayscale filter and / or wavelength filter, whereby a wavelength filter transmits light of a predetermined wavelength or one or more predetermined wavelength ranges, f) imaging according to e) and diffusely transparent or translucent imaging, g) imaging according to f) and subsequently according to e), h) imaging by means of a P lanplatte,

so that for the light imaged from the holographic screen on the front side towards the viewer, a multiplicity of propagation directions are predetermined by the imaging effects of the multiplicity of HOEs, one HOE in each case one or more light propagation directions for the light incident thereon, the image partial information at least one of the at least one corresponds to two projected views as a whole, so that from each viewing position a viewer with one eye predominantly perceives partial information from a first selection and with the other eye predominantly partial information from a second selection from the views (A _k ), resulting in a large number of viewing positions creates a spatial impression for the viewer.

Mostly is called in this context, for example, that the left eye of a viewer 90% of the partial image information of a first and approximately 10% partial image information a second view of a scene / object that here the first view prevails. At the same time, the viewer's right eye can close, for example approx. 80% image part information of the second view and approx. 20% see a mixture of a third and fourth view without that the spatial impression suffers.

A basic connection that in the method according to the invention is that the through each HOE for unambiguously for each light beam direction that is incident on it depends on the direction of light incidence. As the direction of light propagation this is also the direction of light failure (among many), which is the highest Light intensity of the depicted light within a certain solid angle.

It may also be other types of images for the implementation than those mentioned under a) -h) conceivable in the HOE.

It can be advantageous if all HOEs each carry out the same of the optical images or image combinations a) -h). In contrast, it is preferable for certain applications that at least two of the HOE ver ver perform different optical images or image combinations a) –h).

Further developments of the method according to the invention conceivable in which at least one HOE at least two of the optical Illustrations or combinations of illustrations a) –h), in particular can be used for Example a HOE many (different) images according to e) guarantee, by modeling an entire array of multiple filter elements.

A HOE can also do this be created that it for out light incident in a first direction realizes another image, as for light incident from a different, second direction. through such a design could for example one in the imaging properties of a HOE included spreading area Light from different projectors arrive, which from one and mapped the same HOE differently, especially in different ones Directions is mapped.

The diffuse imaging properties the HOE can - if available - be versatile pronounced his. Diffuse scattering within those to be realized is advantageous optical imaging in such a way that the light essentially in the vertical or in a direction inclined to the vertical is scattered. Diffuse scattering can also be mediated by the HOE diffraction can be achieved.

The order of magnitude of the HOE or represented by her optical components such as prisms, lenses or, for example, filters corresponds approximately of those who later images perceived on the holographic screen regarding their Pixel size order exhibit. The respective HOE height is the size of the pixels or subpixel while the HOE width is about the width of one pixel of a view up to about the width of a cycle Pixels of multiple views.

Deviations from this are of course possible, in particular can also be a projected light of a picture element at the same time come up with several HOE.

moreover a further embodiment provides that at least two of the HOE the holographic screen in its external dimensions and / or in its outer form differ from each other. By virtue this expression the circumstance is favored, the existence Observer eye from a variety of viewing positions predominantly - and not about exact - image part information a selection of views.

It also supports this fact if at least two of the HOE on the holographic screen related to your Center of gravity one Offset regarding Have their relative position to each other, that of a non-integer Multiples of the width and / or height corresponds to one of the HOE in question. In this respect, for example all HOE the same dimensions would have so would correspond this property the relative partial offset to each other, for example by a third or a quarter of the (general) HOE width and / or height.

Another advantageous embodiment stipulates that at least one of the HOE light of different wavelength ranges in pairs maps disjoint directions. So it is especially with projection devices Full color pixels (e.g. DMD or color slide) possible, the perceived resolution of the Seemingly increasing 3D image for example by a factor of 3 for the horizontal screen direction.

Furthermore, the grid in which the HOE are arranged on the holographic screen, preferred an orthogonal grid. However, it is also possible that said grid, in which the HOE are arranged on the holographic screen, a non-orthogonal Grid is, preferably one in which the line direction the column direction intersects at an angle not equal to 90 degrees. In this context there are also serpentine column shapes or line shapes possible. The latter can can be used particularly advantageously when imaging errors the projection optics through a correspondingly distorted arrangement the HOE on the holographic screen should be compensated.

Furthermore, the method according to the invention can also be characterized in that at least one HOE for at least Light from one direction of incidence simultaneously at least two directions of light propagation pretends. The advantageous effect can thus be achieved that in the viewing area along a certain line (e.g. a line parallel to the holographic Screen) results in a repeating cycle of views, for example the Repeating cycle that the viewer said along Predominantly line in succession Image information of view 1, then 2, then 3, etc. to the view 8 perceives, whereupon the cycle again with partial image information view 1 starts.

Furthermore, the effect of HOE also determines how often the full view cycles (for example from view 1 to view 8) essentially for a particular one Observer eye when walking along a line mentioned above are noticeable. Depending on the application, the cycle can run along one - for example parallel line to the holographic screen - only once, twice or more often recur.

Otherwise, the method can be implemented in such a way that at least two projectors are provided, each projector either projecting partial image information of only one view of a scene / object or simultaneous partial image information of at least two views of a scene / object. Of course, this also applies to more than two projectors. It is crucial that at least partial image information of two views is projected.

To avoid pseudoscopic effects in the method according to the invention also be provided that in Viewing space there is at least one viewing position for a viewing eye, in which of the holographic screen is essentially none of projected light is projected onto the projectors. This is easy possible, by designing the illustrations or combinations of images of the HOE are that a certain section of the room in the observation room essentially not with Light is applied. The avoidance of pseudoscopy is here in particular possible if there is such a dark field of vision between the end and the beginning a cycle of views from - for example 8 - views located.

The holographic screen can also in terms of its effect should be designed so that the respective projectors can be positioned at a distance from each other that is larger spatial dimensions is. This means that complex side-by-side and stacking is to be achieved the eye relief of the projection lenses obsolete. This is through the corresponding specification of the images or directions of light propagation achieved.

In addition, the method according to the invention can also be designed sequentially in time:
For this purpose, at least one - but preferably each - projector projects partial image information from at least one view of the scenery / object to be displayed only at certain points in time, preferably at a frequency to be specified between 10 and 60 Hz.There are several design variants possible: First, it is conceivable that one the first time only a view is projected from a projector. This is followed by the second view on a second projector, which projects from a different direction onto the holographic screen, etc. After the last projector, the first projects again, etc.

It is also possible that the combination structure for combining the image information from different views varied in time on at least one of the projectors. in this connection the corresponding projector naturally also provides image information at the same time represent at least two views.

In addition, the number of the views, of which the respective partial information for a projector stems, vary in time.

Further sequential versions of the inventive method can be derived.

The sequential lighting serves in particular an improved, separate representation of the projected Light, i.e. the projected partial image information of several views, in relation to different imaging directions. Due to the temporal Spacing the projection of different projectors from different Directions can for example shortcomings the HOE can be partially offset.

In another special version of the process there are at least two projectors and at least the light of a projector is mapped in such a way that it is viewed from the front from a solid angle, the at least 0.3 π * sr is, can be perceived so that the On the viewer side, light of the projector is essentially two-dimensional Image is perceived because both viewer eyes within said Solid angle and thus essentially non-disparate image information get presented. It is also conceivable here, for example, that the projector, whose light is perceived as a two-dimensional image, only temporarily - precisely at the time of a desired one 2D display - switched on becomes. In some cases the solid angle of 0.3 π * sr can also are undercut, although a 2D representation is also achieved becomes.

Every projector used includes for example either at least one DMD chip, an LCD component, a tube or a laser. Other types of projector are of course conceivable.

• – mindestens einen Projektor zur rückseitigen Projektion von Bildteilinformationen aus mindestens zwei Ansichten Ak (k = 1..n, n >= 2) einer Szene/ eines Gegenstandes auf einen holographischen Schirm, wobei
• – der holographische Schirm eine Vielzahl von holographischen optischen Elementen (HOE) aufweist, die in einem Raster aus Spalten und/oder Zeilen angeordnet sind,
• – jedes HOE das von dem mindestens einem Projektor einfallende Licht vermöge mindestens einer der folgenden optischen Abbildungen bzw. Abbildungskombinationen abbildet: a) Abbildung mittels einer Linse, bevorzugt einer vertikal oder schräg zur Vertikalen stehenden Zylinderlinse, b) Diffus transparent bzw. transluzent abbildend mit nachfolgender Abbildung mittels einer Linse, bevorzugt einer vertikal oder schräg zur Vertikalen stehenden Zylinderlinse, c) Abbildung mittels eines Prismas, d) Diffus transparent bzw. transluzent abbildend mit nachfolgender Abbildung mittels eines Prismas, e) Abbildung durch einen vieleckigen Polarisationsfilter und/oder Graustufenfilter und/oder Wellenlängenfilter, wobei ein Wellenlängenfilter Licht einer vorgegebenen Wellenlänge bzw. eines oder mehrerer vorgegebenen Wellenlängenbereiche transmittiert, f) Abbildung nach e) sowie diffus transparent bzw. transluzent abbildend, g) Abbildung nach f) und nachfolgend nach e), h) Abbildung mittels einer Planplatte,

so daß für das von dem holographischen Schirm frontseitig zum Betrachter hin abgebildete Licht durch die abbildenden Wirkungen der Vielzahl von HOE eine Vielzahl von Ausbreitungsrichtungen vorgegeben werden, wobei jeweils ein HOE eine oder mehrere Lichtausbreitungsrichtungen für das auf es einfallende Licht, welches Bildteilinformationen mindestens einer der mindestens zwei insgesamt projizierten Ansichten entspricht, vorgibt, so daß von jeder Betrachtungsposition aus ein Betrachter mit einem Auge überwiegend Teilinformationen einer ersten Auswahl und mit dem anderen Auge überwiegend Teilinformationen einer zweiten Auswahl aus den Ansichten (A_k) optisch wahrnimmt, wodurch von einer Vielzahl von Betrachtungspositionen aus für den Betrachter ein räumlicher Eindruck entsteht.The object of the invention is also achieved by an autostereoscopic projection arrangement implementing the method according to the invention, comprising:

• - At least one projector for the rear projection of partial image information from at least two views Ak (k = 1..n, n> = 2) of a scene / an object onto a holographic screen, wherein
• The holographic screen has a large number of holographic optical elements (HOE) which are arranged in a grid of columns and / or rows,
• - Each HOE images the light incident from the at least one projector by means of at least one of the following optical images or image combinations: a) imaging by means of a lens, preferably a cylindrical lens standing vertically or obliquely to the vertical, b) imaging diffusely or translucently with the following Imaging using a lens, preferably a cylindrical lens standing vertically or obliquely to the vertical, c) imaging using a prism, d) diffuse transparent or translucent imaging with subsequent imaging using a prism, e) imaging using a polygonal polarization filter and / or grayscale filter and / or wavelength filter, wherein a wavelength filter transmits light of a predetermined wavelength or one or more predetermined wavelength ranges, f) image according to e) and diffusely transparent or translucent imaging, g) imaging according to f) and subsequently according to e), h) imaging using a flat plate,

so that for the light imaged from the holographic screen on the front side towards the viewer, a multiplicity of propagation directions are predetermined by the imaging effects of the multiplicity of HOEs, one HOE in each case one or more light propagation directions for the light incident thereon, the image partial information at least one of the at least one corresponds to two projected views as a whole, so that from each viewing position a viewer with one eye predominantly perceives partial information from a first selection and with the other eye predominantly partial information from a second selection from the views (A _k ), resulting in a large number of viewing positions creates a spatial impression for the viewer.

Mostly is called in this context, for example, that the left eye of a viewer 90% of the partial image information of a first and approximately 10% partial image information a second view of a scene / object that here the first view prevails. At the same time, the viewer's right eye can close, for example approx. 80% image part information of the second view and approx. 20% see a mixture of a third and fourth view without that the spatial impression suffers.

A basic connection that in the arrangement according to the invention is that the through each HOE for unambiguously for each light beam direction that is incident on it depends on the direction of light incidence.

It may also be other types of images than those mentioned under a) –h) for the implementation conceivable in the HOE.

Further advantageous configurations the invention are described in subclaims 17 to 30.

• – der holographische Schirm eine Vielzahl von holographischen optischen Elementen (HOE) aufweist, die in einem Raster aus Spalten und/oder Zeilen angeordnet sind,
• – jedes HOE das von dem mindestens einem Projektor einfallende Licht vermöge mindestens einer der folgenden optischen Abbildungen bzw. Abbildungskombinationen abbildet: a) Abbildung mittels eines konkaven oder konvexen Hohlspiegels, bevorzugt eines vertikal oder schräg zur Vertikalen stehenden Zylinderhohlspiegels, b) Diffus reflektierend mit nachfolgender Abbildung eines konkaven oder konvexen Hohlspiegels, bevorzugt eines vertikal oder schräg zur Vertikalen stehenden Zylinderhohlspiegels, c) Abbildung mittels eines Doppel- oder- Triplettspiegels, d) Diffus reflektierend mit nachfolgender Abbildung mittels eines Doppel- oder- Triplettspiegels, e) Abbildung durch einen vieleckigen Polarisationsfilter und/oder Graustufenfilter und/oder Wellenlängenfilter, wobei ein Wellenlängenfilter Licht einer vorgegebenen Wellenlänge bzw. eines oder mehrerer vorgegebenen Wellenlängenbereiche transmittiert, f) Abbildung nach e) sowie diffus reflektierend und nachfolgend nach e), g) Diffus reflektierend und nachfolgende Abbildung mittels einer Planplatte, h) Diffus reflektierend und nachfolgende Abbildung mittels eines Prismas,

so daß für das von dem holographischen Schirm frontseitig zum Betrachter hin abgebildete Licht durch die abbildenden Wirkungen der Vielzahl von HOE eine Vielzahl von Ausbreitungsrichtungen vorgegeben werden, wobei jeweils ein HOE eine oder mehrere Lichtausbreitungsrichtungen für das auf es einfallende Licht, welches Bildteilinformationen mindestens einer der mindestens zwei insgesamt projizierten Ansichten entspricht, vorgibt, so daß von jeder Betrachtungsposition aus ein Betrachter mit einem Auge überwiegend Teilinformationen einer ersten Auswahl und mit dem anderen Auge überwiegend Teilinformationen einer zweiten Auswahl aus den Ansichten (A_k) optisch wahrnimmt, wodurch von einer Vielzahl von Betrachtungspositionen aus für den Betrachter ein räumlicher Eindruck entsteht.In addition, the object of the invention is achieved by a method for autostereoscopic projection, in which at least one projector projects partial image information from at least two views A _k (k = 1..n, n> = 2) of a scene / object on the front onto a holographic screen , in which

• The holographic screen has a large number of holographic optical elements (HOE) which are arranged in a grid of columns and / or rows,
• - Each HOE images the light incident from the at least one projector by means of at least one of the following optical images or image combinations: a) image by means of a concave or convex concave mirror, preferably a vertical or oblique cylindrical concave mirror, b) diffusely reflective with the following image a concave or convex concave mirror, preferably a vertical or oblique cylindrical concave mirror, c) imaging using a double or triplet mirror, d) diffusely reflective with subsequent imaging using a double or triplet mirror, e) imaging using a polygonal polarization filter and / or grayscale filter and / or wavelength filter, wherein a wavelength filter transmits light of a predetermined wavelength or one or more predetermined wavelength ranges, f) imaging according to e) and diffusely reflecting and subsequently according to e), g) diffuse ref reading and subsequent image using a flat plate, h) diffusely reflecting and subsequent image using a prism,

so that for the light imaged from the holographic screen on the front side towards the viewer, a multiplicity of propagation directions are predetermined by the imaging effects of the multiplicity of HOEs, one HOE in each case one or more light propagation directions for the light incident thereon, the image partial information at least one of the at least one corresponds to two projected views as a whole, so that from each viewing position a viewer with one eye predominantly perceives partial information from a first selection and with the other eye predominantly partial information from a second selection from the views (A _k ), resulting in a large number of viewing positions creates a spatial impression for the viewer.

Mostly is called in this context, for example, that the left eye of a viewer 90% of the partial image information of a first and approximately 10% partial image information a second view of a scene / object that here the first view prevails. At the same time, the viewer's right eye can close, for example approx. 80% image part information of the second view and approx. 20% see a mixture of a third and fourth view without that the spatial impression suffers.

A basic connection that in the method according to the invention is that the through each HOE for unambiguously for each light beam direction that is incident on it depends on the direction of light incidence.

There may also be other types of images than those mentioned under a) –h) for the Implementation in the HOE is conceivable.

Further advantageous configurations this second method according to the invention are the dependent claims 32-45 refer to.

• – mindestens einen Projektor zur frontseitigen Projektion von Bildteilinformationen aus mindestens zwei Ansichten A_k (k = 1..n, n >= 2) einer Szene/ eines Gegenstandes auf einen holographischen Schirm, wobei
• – der holographische Schirm eine Vielzahl von holographischen optischen Elementen (HOE) aufweist, die in einem Raster aus Spalten und/oder Zeilen angeordnet sind,
• – jedes HOE das von dem mindestens einen Projektor einfallende Licht vermöge mindestens einer der folgenden optischen Abbildungen bzw. Abbildungskombinationen abbildet: a) Abbildung mittels eines konkaven oder konvexen Hohlspiegels, bevorzugt eines vertikal oder schräg zur Vertikalen stehenden Zylinderhohlspiegels, b) Diffus reflektierend mit nachfolgender Abbildung eines konkaven oder konvexen Hohlspiegels, bevorzugt eines vertikal oder schräg zur Vertikalen stehenden Zylinderhohlspiegels, c) Abbildung mittels eines Doppel- oder- Triplettspiegels, d) Diffus reflektierend mit nachfolgender Abbildung mittels eines Doppel- oder- Triplettspiegels, e) Abbildung durch einen vieleckigen Polarisationsfilter und/oder Graustufenfilter und/oder Wellenlängenfilter, wobei ein Wellenlängenfilter Licht einer vorgegebenen Wellenlänge bzw. eines oder mehrerer vorgegebenen Wellenlängenbereiche transmittiert, f) Abbildung nach e) sowie diffus reflektierend und nachfolgend nach e), g) Diffus reflektierend und nachfolgende Abbildung mittels einer Planplatte, h) Diffus reflektierend und nachfolgende Abbildung mittels eines Prismas,

so daß für das von dem holographischen Schirm frontseitig zum Betrachter hin abgebildete Licht durch die abbildenden Wirkungen der Vielzahl von HOE eine Vielzahl von Ausbreitungsrichtungen vorgegeben werden, wobei jeweils ein HOE eine oder mehrere Lichtausbreitungsrichtungen für das auf es einfallende Licht, welches Bildteilinformationen mindestens einer der mindestens zwei insgesamt projizierten Ansichten entspricht, vorgibt, so daß von jeder Betrachtungsposition aus ein Betrachter mit einem Auge überwiegend Teilinformationen einer ersten Auswahl und mit dem anderen Auge überwiegend Teilinformationen einer zweiten Auswahl aus den Ansichten (A_k) optisch wahrnimmt, wodurch von einer Vielzahl von Betrachtungspositionen aus für den Betrachter ein räumlicher Eindruck entsteht.Finally, the object of the invention is also achieved by an autostereoscopic projection arrangement implementing the (second) method according to the invention, comprising:

• - At least one projector for front-side projection of partial image information from at least two views A _k (k = 1..n, n> = 2) of a scene / an object onto a holographic screen, wherein
• The holographic screen has a multiplicity of holographic optical elements (HOE) which are arranged in a grid of columns and / or rows,
• - Each HOE images the light incident from the at least one projector by means of at least one of the following optical images or image combinations: a) image using a concave or convex concave mirror, preferably a vertical or oblique cylindrical concave mirror, b) diffusely reflective with the following image a concave or convex concave mirror, preferably a vertical or oblique cylindrical concave mirror, c) imaging using a double or triplet mirror, d) diffusely reflective with subsequent imaging using a double or triplet mirror, e) imaging using a polygonal polarization filter and / or grayscale filter and / or wavelength filter, wherein a wavelength filter transmits light of a predetermined wavelength or one or more predetermined wavelength ranges, f) imaging according to e) and diffusely reflecting and subsequently according to e), g) diffuse ref reading and subsequent image using a flat plate, h) diffusely reflecting and subsequent image using a prism,

so that for the light imaged from the holographic screen on the front side towards the viewer, a multiplicity of propagation directions are predetermined by the imaging effects of the multiplicity of HOEs, one HOE in each case one or more light propagation directions for the light incident thereon, the image partial information at least one of the at least one corresponds to two projected views as a whole, so that from each viewing position a viewer with one eye predominantly perceives partial information from a first selection and with the other eye predominantly partial information from a second selection from the views (A _k ), resulting in a large number of viewing positions creates a spatial impression for the viewer.

Further advantageous configurations the arrangement described above are taught in sub-claims 47-60.

For any configuration of the arrangement according to the invention as the method according to the invention The basic principle is: an increase the number of projectors the increase the dissolution on the holographic screen of the perceived views.

It is also conceivable that a projected Picture element a mixed picture information from at least two different ones Represent views.

• a) Fertigen einer Optischen Anordnung, die jeweils eine Vielzahl von optischen Komponenten enthält, die jeweils die in den unabhängigen Ansprüchen 1 bzw. 31 genannten optischen Abbildungen bzw. Abbildungskombinationen bzw. Kombinationen davon gewährleisten,
• b) Positionieren eines (noch nicht entwickelten) holographischen Schirmes in der Nähe besagter optischer Anordnung,
• c) Belichten des holographischen Schirmes vermittels einer oder mehrerer kohärenten Lichtquelle(n), wobei bevorzugt ein Referenzstrahl direkt von der Lichtquelle auf den holographischen Schirm und ein Objektstrahl von der Lichtquelle durch besagte optische Anordnung hindurch auf den holographischen Schirm gelangt, wobei dieser Schritt c) bevorzugt mehrfach wiederholt wird, besonders bevorzugt in einer Weise, daß bei jeder Ausführung des Schrittes c) die Lichtquelle an einer anderen Relativposition zur besagten optischen Anordnung gebracht wird und wobei optional bei jeder Ausführung des Schrittes c) eine andere optische Anordnung zum Einsatz kommt,
• d) Entwickeln des holographischen Schirmes.

The invention also relates to methods for producing a holographic screen for use in one of the aforementioned methods or in one of the arrangements described above. Said manufacturing process comprises the following process steps:

• a) Manufacture of an optical arrangement which in each case contains a multiplicity of optical components which in each case ensure the optical images or image combinations or combinations thereof mentioned in independent claims 1 or 31,
• b) positioning a (not yet developed) holographic screen in the vicinity of said optical arrangement,
• c) exposing the holographic screen by means of one or more coherent light source (s), preferably a reference beam coming directly from the light source onto the holographic screen and an object beam from the light source through said optical arrangement onto the holographic screen, this step c) is preferably repeated several times, particularly preferably in such a way that each time step c) is carried out, the light source is brought to a different relative position to the said optical arrangement, and a different optical arrangement is optionally used in each step c) execution,
• d) developing the holographic screen.

• a) Auswahl einer Vielzahl von optischen Komponenten, die jeweils die in den Ansprüchen 1 bzw. 31 genannten optischen Abbildungen bzw. Abbildungskombinationen bzw. Kombinationen davon gewährleisten, sowie Anordnung der Komponenten in einem Raster aus Zeilen und/oder Spalten,
• b) Berechnen der entsprechenden holographischen Interferenzmuster für die Abbildungen bzw. -kombinationen,
• c) Belichten des holographischen Schirmes vermittels einer oder mehrerer kohärenten Lichtquelle(n), wobei das/die berechnete(n) holographische(n) Interferenzmuster auf den holographischen Schirm geschrieben wird/werden,
• d) Entwickeln des holographischen Schirmes.

The optical arrangement required in each case cannot always be actually manufactured. In such a case, the following can be used as an alternative to the aforementioned method. It includes the following process steps:

• a) selection of a large number of optical components, each of which ensures the optical images or image combinations or combinations thereof mentioned in claims 1 and 31, and arrangement of the components in a grid of rows and / or columns,
• b) calculating the corresponding holographic interference pattern for the images or combinations,
• c) exposing the holographic screen by means of one or more coherent light source (s), the calculated holographic interference pattern (s) being written on the holographic screen,
• d) developing the holographic screen.

• – Herstellen mindestens zweier holographischer Schirme nach einem der oder beiden vorgenannten Verfahren,
• – Aneinandersetzen der mindestens zwei hergestellten holographischen Schirme zu einem gesamten holographischen Schirm.

In special cases it is also possible to manufacture the holographic screen as follows:

• Producing at least two holographic screens according to one or both of the above-mentioned processes,
• - Put together the at least two holographic screens produced to form an entire holographic screen.

It is thus possible to use the holographic screen also build up from several layers. The different layers can for example, are laminated together.

The invention is as follows Hand drawing closer explained. It shows

1 1 shows a basic sketch for the construction of an arrangement according to the invention with rear projection,

2 an exemplary first filter structure, which is implemented by one or several HOE at a time (detail),

3 an exemplary second filter structure, which is implemented by one or several HOE at a time (detail),

4 an exemplary image combination structure for the composition of an image from image partial information, several views,

5 and 6 exemplary mixtures of views visible to one eye,

7 another example of the effect of a HOE (shown schematically),

8th an exemplary model for the effect of the HOE on the holographic screen of arrangements according to the invention,

9 an exemplary image combination structure that uses 4 views, and

10 an exemplary model for the effect of HOE on the holographic screen of arrangements according to the invention.

All Drawings are not drawn to scale and to understand them as schematic sketches.

In 1 is a schematic diagram for the construction of an exemplary arrangement according to the invention with rear projection is shown schematically and not to scale. Behind a holographic screen ( 1 ) are several - here for example eight - projectors ( 2 ) arranged, of which only four are shown graphically. There are also four picture elements ( 3 ) - extremely enlarged - shown, to which light from different directions falls, that here, for example, from different projectors ( 2 ) comes from. The picture elements of the holographic screen ( 3 ) form the light beams in different light propagation directions ( 4 ). All directions are only sketched here. In practical implementation, the picture elements ( 3 ) initially also significantly smaller than the dimensions of the entire holographic screen ( 1 ) and regularly be directly adjacent. The separate display of neighboring picture elements ( 3 ) in 1 is only due to the better overview.

Any projector ( 2 ) projects here, for example, a (different) two-dimensional view of a scene / object, so that a total of eight views are projected.

By the holographic screen ( 1 ) or its imaging HOE specified front light propagation directions ( 4 ) For all light rays incident on the rear, it is achieved that from each viewing position, a viewer with one eye predominantly perceives partial information from a first selection and with the other eye predominantly partial information from a second selection from the views (A _k ), which results in a large number of viewing positions creates a spatial impression for the viewer.

The viewing area would, for example, be to the right of the holographic screen ( 1 ) are located.

As an example, each HOE could achieve the optical imaging effect according to point g) of the arrangement projected on the rear side. For this purpose, a first filter structure, which is implemented by one or more HOE at a time, for example that in 2 structure shown or a section thereof. At a certain distance, for example 4 millimeters, a diffusely transparent screen would also be modeled by the or each HOE. Finally, another viewer-side filter array structure (for example at a distance of 4 millimeters) would follow, which is also included in the imaging effect of the individual HOE. An example of the latter filter array structure is in 3 shown.

A better understanding for the sake of note it should be noted that HOE are able to model information across an entire spatial object (here e.g. a filter array or a part of it) and reconstruct, even if they are clear in their dimensions are smaller than the objects to be modeled.

Are now from the eight projectors ( 2 ) the eight different views are projected onto the holographic screen - this is the result - just mentally! - on the respective through the multitude of HOE modeled diffusion disks an image combination structure from image information, as they are cut out in 4 is shown.

Finally, the filter elements of the viewer-side filter array, which are modeled by the HOE, again specify front-side light propagation directions, so that a viewer eye, for example, would primarily see view 1 from a certain viewing position, but also a lesser part of image part information from view 2, as is also shown in FIG 5 is shown.

From a corresponding viewing position of the other observer's eye, for example, when looking at the holographic screen ( 1 ) predominantly partial information of view 4 and a smaller proportion of view 5 are visible, as it is in 6 is shown. Because both eyes predominantly see different mixtures of views, a 3D impression is created for the viewer.

Another example of the effect of a HOE is in 7 shown schematically. A HOE of a holographic screen in an arrangement according to the invention is shown - greatly enlarged. Said HOE is illuminated from the rear by light rays that come in from different directions and, for example, from different projectors that each project different views. For each incident light beam (only two are shown: a solid and a broken line), the HOE specifies several directions of light propagation, as in 7 is indicated. For example, if the solid line is a light beam that represents part of the image information in view 1 and the dashed line is a light beam that represents part of the image information in view 2, the HOE would here - for just the incident light rays drawn in - for example, the viewer side (right) Specify drawn light propagation directions. Did a viewer move along the line ( 5 ), which is shown distorted in perspective and in reality lies in a horizontal plane in front of the holographic screen, it would initially predominantly display part of the information in view 1, then view two and then - insofar as further light rays are present, which are drawn are not shown and which partial image information represents further views, for example third to eighth views - predominantly see further partial image information of views 3 to 8 until the cycle starts again at one.

The predominant view here means that the multiplicity of HOEs also specifies directions of light propagation according to the invention, which lead to the fact that a viewer's eye generally sees not only part of the image information of exactly one view. For 7 a large number of such HOE would then have to be drawn in to clearly illustrate this fact; however, this would destroy the clarity.

It is also within the scope of the invention that the light propagation directions to be specified by the HOE essentially correspond to the respective light intensity maxima and not only non-divergent light beams. In this sense, for example, a certain proportion of light in a dashed direction of light propagation in 7 to one (or more) observation points to which a solid line - which corresponds to a direction of light propagation - actually points. The directions of light propagation could be interpreted as scattering lobes (and not scattering lines). The scattering lobes are preferably designed in such a way that a HOE - insofar as it models a - preferably diffuse - scattering optic at some point - has a light intensity maximum whose maximum intensity profile is vertical or inclined to the vertical.

In 8th an exemplary model for the effect of the HOE on the holographic screen of arrangements according to the invention is shown.

Here is in 8th to see a variety of cylindrical lenses; every cylindrical lens is modeled by a HOE. This corresponds to the imaging effect of the HOE according to characteristic a).

Characteristic of this Examples are the cylindrical lens periods from row to row against each other offset by a distance, for example, here corresponds to a third of a lens and thus HOE width. On Third also corresponds to the non-integer number mentioned above Displacement related to a HOE width.

By means of such an HOE imaging effect it can be achieved that corresponding light propagation directions are specified for incident light, so that from each viewing position a viewer with one eye predominantly partial information from a first selection and with the other eye predominantly partial information from a second selection from the views (A _k ) perceives optically, which creates a spatial impression for the viewer from a variety of viewing positions. Of course, light from different views must be projected onto the rear of the HOE.

The HOE imaging effect can also which include a diffusely scattering focusing screen, which on or near the plane surface of the cylindrical lens grid is modeled.

The 9 shows an exemplary image combination structure which uses 4 views and which can be used for an image projected on the back of the holographic screen by, for example, only one projector, in order to give the viewer a spatial impression in the manner described above (see description exercise too 8th ) to create. Each box corresponds to a projected pixel here; the number in the box indicates the view from which the respective pixel obtains its partial image information. The pixels are divided into rows j and columns i.

Each cylindrical lens is approximately as long in terms of the extent of its flat surface (and thus also with regard to the projection of the apex surface onto the flat surface) as one pixel line of the projected image (on the modeled focusing screen) is high (e.g. 0.8 mm ), while in the second direction it is approximately as wide as four pixel columns of the projected image (on the modeled focusing screen) (eg 3.2 mm). The image combination structure after 9 can also be generated by projecting the four views from, for example, 4 projectors through a suitable filter array - which can also be modeled by the HOE.

In 10 an exemplary model for the effect of the HOE on the holographic screen of arrangements according to the invention is shown. Due to the clarity, only a few HOE were shown; this is also why the lines of the grid are shown slightly offset on the screen, which is not necessary in practice.

Here is in 10 see a variety of cylindrical lenses and filter sections; Each cylindrical lens and each filter section (in particular a filter section located between two HOE) is modeled by an HOE. This corresponds to the imaging effect of the HOE according to features a) and e). With regard to the features e), different interpretations are possible here: Either one HOE models several (here, for example, two opaque and one transparent) filter elements or the different filter elements are modeled by different neighboring HOE. The optical effect remains essentially the same.

Projection side of the filter sections can also be modeled by a HOE diffuse scattering surface be incorporated. In this case too, partial image information would be on the back projected from several, for example four or eight, views. For said Part of the image incident on the holographic screen different views are then based on the HOE simulated lenses or filter elements light propagation directions given so that again a three-dimensional impression is created.

The invention offers several advantages across from the state of the art. This allows multiple viewers to see one perceive improved 3D impression on a projection system. The Enjoy viewers a big Freedom of movement.

Furthermore, optical images can be created using the HOE are modeled, which are technically with conventional optics or practically incomplete or can only be realized with extreme effort.

In addition, 3D projections of large image dimensions, for example with dimensions of a few meters.

Claims (63)

Method for autostereoscopic projection, in which at least one projector projects partial image information from at least two views A _k (k = 1..n, n> = 2) of a scene / object on the rear onto a holographic screen, the holographic screen being a plurality of holographic optical elements (HOE), which are arranged in a grid of columns and / or rows, - each HOE, the light from the at least one projector by at least one of the following optical images or image combinations images: a) imaging by means of a lens , preferably a vertical or oblique to the vertical cylindrical lens, b) diffusely transparent or translucent imaging with subsequent imaging using a lens, preferably a vertical or oblique vertical cylindrical lens, c) imaging using a prism, d) diffuse transparent or translucent with the following illustration using a s prisms, e) imaging through a polygonal polarization filter and / or grayscale filter and / or wavelength filter, whereby a wavelength filter transmits light of a predetermined wavelength or one or more predetermined wavelength ranges, f) imaging according to e) and diffusely transparent or translucent imaging, g ) Imaging according to f) and subsequently according to e), h) Imaging by means of a plane plate, so that for the light imaged from the holographic screen on the front side towards the viewer, a multiplicity of directions of propagation are predetermined by the imaging effects of the multiplicity of HOEs, one each HOE specifies one or more light propagation directions for the light incident on it, which corresponds to partial image information of at least one of the at least two projected views, so that from each viewing position a viewer with one eye predominantly receives partial information from a first selection and with the other The eye mainly perceives partial information from a second selection from the views (A _k ) optically, which creates a spatial impression for the viewer from a large number of viewing positions. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that all HOE the same of the optical images or image combinations Execute a) –h). A method according to claim 1, characterized in that at least two of the HOE pairs of different optical images or image combinations Ah) To run. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that at least a HOE at least two of the optical images or image combinations Ah) performs. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that at least two the HOE on the holographic screen in its external dimensions and / or in its outer form differ from each other. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that at least two the HOE on the holographic screen with regard to your centroids an offset regarding Have their relative position to each other, that of a non-integer Multiples of the width and / or height corresponds to one of the HOE in question. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that at least one the HOE light of different wavelength ranges in pairs maps disjoint directions. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized that the Grid in which the HOE is arranged on the holographic screen are an orthogonal grid. Method according to one of claims 1-7, characterized in that this Grid in which the HOE is arranged on the holographic screen is a non-orthogonal grid, preferably one, in which the row direction is the column direction at an angle cuts not equal to 90 degrees. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that at least one HOE for at least light from one direction of incidence at least at the same time specifies two directions of light propagation. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that at least two Projectors are provided, with each projector either partial image information just one view of a scene / object or simultaneously Image part information of at least two views of a scene / one Projected object. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that Viewing space at least one viewing position for an observer eye exists in which of the holographic screen essentially no light projected by the projectors is imaged. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that at least one Projector image information at least one view of the to be displayed Scenery / the object to be displayed only at certain times, preferably in a frequency to be specified between 10 and 60 Hz, projected. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that at least two Projectors are present and the light of at least one projector is mapped so that it perceived from the front from a solid angle that is at least 0.3 π * sr can be so that the On the viewer side, light of the projector is essentially two-dimensional Image is perceived. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized that everyone projector used either at least one DMD chip, an LCD component, a tube or includes a laser. Autostereoscopic projection arrangement, comprising: - at least one projector for the rear projection of partial image information from at least two views Ak (k = 1..n, n> = 2) of a scene / an object onto a holographic screen, wherein - the holographic screen a variety of holographic optical elements (HOE), which are arranged in a grid of columns and / or rows, - each HOE, the light from the at least one projector by at least one of the following optical images or imaging combinations images: i) imaging by means of a lens , preferably a vertical or oblique to the vertical cylindrical lens, j) diffusely transparent or translucent imaging with subsequent imaging using a lens, preferably a vertical or oblique vertical cylindrical lens, k) imaging using a prism, l) diffuse transparent or translucent depicting the following illustration by means of a prism, m) imaging through a polygonal polarization filter and / or grayscale filter and / or wavelength filter, a wavelength filter being light of a predetermined wavelength or one or more predetermined wavelength ranges transmitted, n) imaging according to e) and diffusely transparent or translucent imaging, o) imaging according to f) and subsequently according to e), p) imaging by means of a flat plate, so that for the image from the holographic screen on the front side towards the viewer Light is predetermined by the imaging effects of the plurality of HOE a plurality of propagation directions, each HOE specifying one or more light propagation directions for the light incident thereon, which corresponds to partial image information of at least one of the at least two projected views, so that from each viewing position optically perceives partial information from a first selection with one eye and predominantly partial information from a second selection from the views (A _k ) with the other eye, which creates a spatial impression for the viewer from a large number of viewing positions t. Arrangement according to claim 16, characterized in that each all HOE the same of the optical images or image combinations Ah) To run. Arrangement according to claim 16, characterized in that at least two of the HOE pairs of different optical images or image combinations Ah) To run. Arrangement according to claim 16, characterized in that at least a HOE at least two of the optical images or image combinations Ah) performs. Arrangement according to one of claims 16-19, characterized in that that at least two the HOE on the holographic screen in its external dimensions and / or in its outer form differ from each other. Arrangement according to one of claims 16-20, characterized in that that at least two the HOE on the holographic screen with regard to your centroids an offset regarding Have their relative position to each other, that of a non-integer Multiples of the width and / or height corresponds to one of the HOE in question. Arrangement according to one of claims 16-21, characterized in that at least one of the HOE light of different wavelength ranges in pairs maps disjoint directions. Arrangement according to one of claims 16-22, characterized in that this Grid in which the HOE is arranged on the holographic screen are an orthogonal grid. Arrangement according to one of claims 16-22, characterized in that this Grid in which the HOE is arranged on the holographic screen is a non-orthogonal grid, preferably one, in which the row direction is the column direction at an angle cuts not equal to 90 degrees. Arrangement according to one of claims 16-24, characterized in that that at least a HOE for at least light from one direction of incidence at least at the same time specifies two directions of light propagation. Arrangement according to one of claims 16-25, characterized in that she contains at least two projectors, where each projector has either only partial image information View of a scene / an object or at the same time partial image information projected at least two views of a scene / object. Arrangement according to one of claims 16-26, characterized in that that in Viewing space at least one viewing position for an observer eye exists in which of the holographic screen essentially no light projected by the projectors is imaged. Arrangement according to one of claims 16-27, characterized in that that at least a projector image part information at least one view of the only to be depicted scenery / object to be depicted certain times, preferably at a frequency to be specified projected between 10 and 60 Hz. Arrangement according to one of claims 16-28, characterized in that at least two Projectors are present and the light of at least one projector is mapped so that it perceived from the front from a solid angle that is at least 0.3 π * sr can be so that the On the viewer side, light of the projector is essentially two-dimensional Image is perceived. Arrangement according to one of claims 16-29, characterized in that everybody projector used either at least one DMD chip, an LCD component, a tube or includes a laser. Method for autostereoscopic projection, in which at least one projector shows partial image information from at least two views A _k (k = 1..n, n> = 2) of a scene / object on the front projected onto a holographic screen, wherein - the holographic screen has a plurality of holographic optical elements (HOE) which are arranged in a grid of columns and / or rows, - each HOE the light incident from the at least one projector by at least one of the depicts the following optical images or image combinations: a) imaging by means of a concave or convex concave mirror, preferably a vertical or oblique cylindrical concave mirror, b) diffusely reflective with the subsequent image of a concave or convex concave mirror, preferably a vertical or oblique concave cylindrical mirror , c) Imaging by means of a double or triplet mirror, d) Diffusely reflecting with subsequent imaging by means of a double or triplet mirror, e) Imaging by a polygonal polarization filter and / or grayscale filter and / or wavelength filter, a Wel lenlength filter transmits light of a specified wavelength or one or more specified wavelength ranges, f) image according to e) and diffusely reflective and subsequently according to e), g) diffuse reflective and subsequent image using a flat plate, h) diffuse reflective and subsequent image using a prism , so that for the light imaged from the holographic screen on the front side towards the viewer, a multiplicity of directions of propagation are predetermined by the imaging effects of the plurality of HOEs, one HOE in each case one or more light propagation directions for the light incident thereon, the image partial information of at least one of the corresponds to at least two overall projected views, so that from every viewing position a viewer with one eye predominantly partial information from a first selection and with the other eye predominantly partial information from a second selection from the A visually perceives (A _k ), creating a spatial impression for the viewer from a variety of viewing positions. A method according to claim 31, characterized in that each all HOE the same of the optical images or image combinations Ah) To run. A method according to claim 31, characterized in that at least two of the HOE pairs of different optical images or image combinations Ah) To run. A method according to claim 31, characterized in that at least a HOE at least two of the optical images or image combinations Ah) performs. Method according to one of claims 31-34, characterized in that that at least two of the HOE on the holographic screen in their outer dimensions and / or in their outer form from each other differ. Method according to one of claims 31-35, characterized in that that at least two of the HOE on the holographic screen with respect to their centroids an offset regarding Have their relative position to each other, that of a non-integer Multiples of the width and / or height corresponds to one of the HOE in question. Method according to one of claims 31-36, characterized in that that at least one of the HOE light of different wavelength ranges in pairs maps disjoint directions. Method according to one of claims 31-37, characterized in that that this Grid in which the HOE is arranged on the holographic screen are an orthogonal grid. Method according to one of claims 31-37, characterized in that that this Grid in which the HOE is arranged on the holographic screen is a non-orthogonal grid, preferably one, in which the row direction is the column direction at an angle cuts not equal to 90 degrees. Method according to one of claims 31-39, characterized in that that at least a HOE for at least light from one direction of incidence at least at the same time specifies two directions of light propagation. Method according to one of claims 31-40, characterized in that that at least two projectors are provided, each projector either Image part information of only one view of a scene / one Object or at least image part information at the same time two views of a scene / object projected. Method according to one of claims 31-41, characterized in that that in Viewing space at least one viewing position for an observer eye exists in which of the holographic screen essentially no light projected by the projectors is imaged. Method according to one of claims 31-42, characterized in that at least one projector partial image information of at least one view of the scenery / to be displayed Object projected only at certain times, preferably in a frequency to be specified between 10 and 60 Hz. Method according to one of claims 31-43, characterized in that that at least two projectors are present and the light of at least one projector is mapped so that it perceived from the front from a solid angle that is at least 0.3 π * sr can be so that the On the viewer side, light of the projector is essentially two-dimensional Image is perceived. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized that everyone projector used either at least one DMD chip, an LCD component, a tube or includes a laser. Autostereoscopic projection arrangement, comprising: - at least one projector for front-side projection of partial image information from at least two views A _k (k = 1..n, n> = 2) of a scene / an object onto a holographic screen, wherein - the holographic screen has a large number of holographic optical elements (HOE), which are arranged in a grid of columns and / or rows, - each HOE images the light incident from the at least one projector by at least one of the following optical images or image combinations: a) image by means of a concave or convex concave mirror, preferably a vertical or oblique to the vertical concave mirror, b) diffusely reflective with subsequent image of a concave or convex concave mirror, preferably a vertical or oblique to the vertical concave mirror, c) imaging by means of a double or triplet mirror, d ) Diffuse right inflected with the following image using a double or triplet mirror, e) image using a polygonal polarization filter and / or grayscale filter and / or wavelength filter, a wavelength filter transmitting light of a predetermined wavelength or one or more predetermined wavelength ranges, f) image according to e) as well as diffusely reflective and subsequently according to e), g) diffusely reflective and subsequent image using a flat plate, h) diffusely reflective and subsequent image using a prism, so that for the light reproduced from the holographic screen towards the viewer by the imaging effects of A plurality of directions of propagation are predefined, a respective HOE specifying one or more directions of light propagation for the light incident thereon, which corresponds to partial image information of at least one of the at least two projected views in total, so that from each viewing position a viewer with one eye predominantly perceives partial information from a first selection and with the other eye mainly partial information from a second selection from the views (A _k ), which creates a spatial impression for the viewer from a large number of viewing positions , Arrangement according to claim 46, characterized in that each all HOE the same of the optical images or image combinations Ah) To run. Arrangement according to claim 46, characterized in that at least two of the HOE pairs of different optical images or image combinations Ah) To run. Arrangement according to claim 46, characterized in that at least a HOE at least two of the optical images or image combinations Ah) performs. Arrangement according to one of claims 46-49, characterized in that that at least two the HOE on the holographic screen in its external dimensions and / or in its outer form differ from each other. Arrangement according to one of claims 46-50, characterized in that that at least two the HOE on the holographic screen with regard to your centroids an offset regarding Have their relative position to each other, that of a non-integer Multiples of the width and / or height corresponds to one of the HOE in question. Arrangement according to one of claims 46-51, characterized in that that at least one of the HOE light of different wavelength ranges in pairs maps disjoint directions. Arrangement according to one of claims 46-52, characterized in that this Grid in which the HOE is arranged on the holographic screen are an orthogonal grid. Arrangement according to one of claims 46-52, characterized in that the grid in which the HOE are arranged on the holographic screen is a non-orthogonal grid, preferably one in which the line direction direction intersects the column direction at an angle not equal to 90 degrees. Arrangement according to one of claims 46-54, characterized in that that at least a HOE for Light from at least one direction of incidence at least at the same time specifies two directions of light propagation. Arrangement according to one of claims 46-55, characterized in that that she contains at least two projectors, where each projector has either only partial image information View of a scene / an object or at the same time partial image information projected at least two views of a scene / object. Arrangement according to one of claims 46-56, characterized in that in Viewing space at least one viewing position for an observer eye exists in which of the holographic screen essentially no light projected by the projectors is imaged. Arrangement according to one of claims 46-57, characterized in that that at least a projector image part information at least one view of the only to be depicted scenery / object to be depicted certain times, preferably at a frequency to be specified projected between 10 and 60 Hz. Arrangement according to one of claims 46-58, characterized in that that at least two Projectors are present and the light of at least one projector is mapped so that it perceived from the front from a solid angle that is at least 0.3 π * sr can be so that the On the viewer side, light of the projector is essentially two-dimensional Image is perceived. Arrangement according to one of claims 46-59, characterized in that that everybody projector used either at least one DMD chip, an LCD component, a tube or includes a laser. Process for making a holographic Screen for use in a method according to any one of claims 1-15 and 31-45 or in an arrangement according to any one of claims 16-30 and 46-60, comprising the following process steps: a) Manufacture an optical Arrangement, each containing a plurality of optical components, the each in the claims 1 or 31 mentioned optical images or image combinations or combinations thereof, b) Positioning a (not yet developed) holographic screen nearby said optical arrangement, c) Exposing the holographic Screen by means of one or more coherent light source (s), wherein preferably a reference beam directly from the light source onto the holographic screen and an object beam from the light source through said optical arrangement onto the holographic screen arrives, this step c) preferably being repeated several times, particularly preferred in such a way that with each execution of the Step c) the light source at a different relative position to said Optical arrangement is brought and optionally with each execution of the Step c) another optical arrangement is used, d) Develop the holographic screen. Process for making a holographic Screen for use in a method according to any one of claims 1-15 and 31-45 or in an arrangement according to any one of claims 16-30 and 46-60, comprising the following process steps: a) Selection of a variety of optical components, each of which is defined in claims 1 and 31 mentioned optical images or image combinations or combinations thereof, and arrangement of the components in a grid of lines and / or Columns, b) Calculate the corresponding holographic interference pattern for the Illustrations or combinations, c) Exposing the holographic Screen by means of one or more coherent light source (s), wherein the calculated holographic interference pattern (s) on the holographic screen is / are written, d) Develop of the holographic screen. Process for making a holographic Screen for use in a method according to any one of claims 1-15 and 31-45 or in an arrangement according to any one of claims 16-30 and 46-60, comprising the following process steps: - Make at least two holographic screens according to one or both methods according to one of claims 61 or 62, - Put together of the at least two holographic screens produced into one entire holographic screen.