DE10236795B4 - Method for filling deep shafts - Google Patents

Abstract

Method for filling a deep shaft (10) with filling material (22), wherein the shaft (10) has an inner wall (14) and a shaft bottom (16), wherein
- on a guide, which was already installed before the filling of the shaft (10) in this and used for other purposes, in the area above the shaft bottom (16) an outlet (20) is provided by the guided in the guide backfill material ( 22) can escape from the leadership, then
- The backfill material (22) is guided over the guide to the outlet (20) and there through the outlet (20) emerges from the guide, then
- Until reaching a desired final fill level of the shaft (10), the guide gradually on their the shaft bottom (16) facing side is shortened to form a new outlet (20), so that the guided backfill material (22) respectively by the then new outlet (20) on a by the already introduced backfill material (22) forming new ...

Description

The The invention relates to a method for filling a deep shaft according to the preamble of claim 1.

In the from the DD 39,897 Known method of the type mentioned in the rock is input into the guide formed as a tube, which smashes when falling and exits in this state from the outlet or the openings. This filling technique has already been abandoned for some time because the filled material does not come to rest sufficiently quickly. Since the 1970s, concrete-like material with different compressive strengths and grades has been used as backfilling material. According to the state of the art, for example concrete types of different qualities or cohesive contents according to DIN 1045 are currently used for the backfilling. These concrete-like materials are hardening materials which usually consist of a binder, an aggregate, an additive and water.

The backfill is going to be overtime produced by suitable equipment. Although basically comes too Ready-mixed concrete in question, however, are mostly mobile or semi-mobile Installations used on site. After completion of the mixing process is the backfill material over one Conveyor system, mostly over a rubber belt conveyor transported to the shaft. about a discharge drum becomes the filling material placed in the shaft, the discharge drum usually so over the open shaft is arranged that the backfill material flow considering the discharge parabola crashes into the middle of the deep shaft.

Under a "deep" shaft is in the Under the invention, a shaft understood that at least 30 or 40 meters deep. usual Mine shafts can for example 1000 and more meters deep. If normal concrete pulp, made of cement, sand as additive, pebbles as aggregate and water, over a distance of about 30 feet or more in freefall falls down, finds a demixing instead. The typically used as an additive Pebbles come off from concrete pulp and fall faster than the cement paste. When striking on the floor of the shaft or on the mirror of the already partially filled shaft Thus, the freely fallen backfill material no longer has the mixture, which it had at the beginning of the free fall.

Besides, has It turned out that in a free fall over a large distance It is unlikely that the falling backfill material is completely free falls down, without being in contact with the walls of the Shaft to come. Rather, the falling backfilling material during the If swirled and no longer represents a closed stream. The single grains come in contact and stay with the inner wall of the shaft hang. These caking can over the entire Schachtteufe arise and to cross-sectional constrictions and in the worst case to bridge formations to lead, which have to be eliminated with the help of cost-intensive measures.

Furthermore There is a risk that the falling backfill material on projections that in many shafts are present, hang remains. These projections can for example, by existing internals in the shaft (eg stains, track battens, lifts u. ä.) be formed. Robbing or removing these construction elements is usually not possible anymore or is at least associated with high costs.

in addition comes that the least manholes are still vertical. The while the lifetime of a shaft acting tectonic pressures cause that the manholes be moved significantly out of the vertical ("corkscrew effect"), causing the free Fall of the filling material until the deepest of the shaft is no longer guaranteed. Rather, that bounces backfill on the sloping Inner wall on, cakes and in turn provides an obstacle to subsequent backfill represents.

Alles this leads to that at the beginning of a shaft filling a significant part of the material introduced by no means to the bottom of the shaft but rather in front of the shaft bottom already on the walls of the Hang on the shaft remains. Numerous experiments have shown that after introduction a certain amount of the filling material, which actually for a backfilling of 30 meters, for example, at the bottom of the shaft by no means found such a level becomes. The filling height is at best at a few meters, since most of the material on the walls of the Shaft hang has remained.

Farther There is the disadvantage that form cavities below blockages can. For backfills but are cavities it is essential to avoid using gas, such as methane, to fill and basis for be later mountain damage can. To resulting cavities later in turn are very costly measures necessary.

Since the shaft can no longer be continuously used during filling, hazardous concentrations of a methane-air mixture can arise due to methane entry when filling in free fall can be ignited by sparking. In order to prevent this, an inertization with nitrogen is necessary. The customary equipment and the necessary amounts of nitrogen are relatively expensive and the inertization consuming.

To Previous knowledge can caking of the backfill material on the inner wall of the shaft can only be avoided by that the backfill material an additive with abrasive properties is added. This aggregate causes a permanent "scuffing effect" already on the adhering material when hitting falling backfill material solve again should. However, this method does not offer one hundred percent guarantee for this, that it does not come after caking, on the other hand is the use of the additional Aggregate with additional Costs and additional Effort connected.

One Problem of shaft filling According to the prior art also results from unwanted water flows. These water inflows from the inner wall of the shaft can not be prevented but the inflowing Water is mostly over so-called trickle gutters collected on the inner wall and selectively derived or pumped. The free falling of the filling material leads however usually cause these trickle-gutters be concreted and their function is thus no longer given. The now running in the direction of the shaft deep water collects on the freshly concreted sole and may, depending on the quantity to a not inconsiderable Deterioration of the filling material to lead.

Also can free collapse of the filling material to damage lead to pipelines that already in the shaft and after filling the Schachtes continue to be used.

It intended to fill a process a deep shaft with backfill material be developed, in the unwanted caking of the backfill material be avoided on the inner wall of the shaft. Continue to while of filling no constructive devices present in the shaft are damaged and also a plug formation by the filling material should be excluded be. Furthermore, the method should be inexpensive and easy to carry out.

The The object of the invention is the disadvantages of the method of the type mentioned above and to further develop this method, that it too for setting filling materials suitable is.

These The object is solved by the features of claim 1.

The inventive method makes use of various findings. So can caking only reliably avoided on the inner wall of the shaft when swirling the fill material on the way to the shaft bottom is prevented. This is ultimately only by a guided introduction accessible to the material. The guided introduction further allows that potentially obstructive fixtures can be specifically bypassed. Also Can the backfill on this way easily into a non-perpendicular shaft to the Schachtachtsohle be introduced without contact with the inner wall and thus a baking of the material is possible.

A It is also essential to recognize that existing, so far for the backfilling of shafts unaccounted for guides can be used. In almost every day shafts are. Piping firmly installed on the inner wall. These have different diameters (usually DN 50 to DN 600) up and served while of the mining operation for the transport of fresh water, sewage, methane (in the gas extraction), compressed air, ready mortar or carbon monoxide Inertization of mine fires.

A Such pipeline or other suitable guide, such as For example, a gutter is initially a few feet above the shaft bottom cut off or separated. This is an exit created, through which the guided in the lead backfill material can escape. By introducing the filling material The shaft is now filled continuously, creating a new shaft bottom is created, which reaches the exit of the leadership after appropriate Verfülldauer. The leadership is then cut off or separated again, this time in the desired Distance from the new shaft bottom. This process is repeated many times, until the shaft is complete filled is.

The distance of the exit from the original shaft bottom or the new adjusting shaft bottom can be selected according to the requirements, however, the height resulting free fall of the backfill material should be so low that turbulence and resulting caking on the inner wall of the shaft avoided become. As already explained at the beginning, when the filling material falls freely over a distance of about 30 meters or more, demixing also takes place. Accordingly, the distance of the exit from the original shaft bottom or the new adjusting shaft bottom is less than 30 m, for example 5 up to 25 m.

Of the elbow directs the leaking filling material towards the middle of the shaft bottom.

The inventive method is particularly effective, for example, when pit baskets and Ropes are placed in the shaft deepest and purposefully concrete should. The end of the leadership or the outlet can then be carried out accordingly, so that the backfill material be introduced specifically around or between the pit baskets and ropes can. The robbery of structural elements located in the shaft is basically not when using the method according to the invention necessary.

The Danger of bridge formation does not exist, as the leadership open on the respective problematic levels of can be separated, so the targeted introduction of the filling material sure. So-called "concretion shadows" can be avoided become.

The backfill should be in the conventional Procedure in free fall a grain from 0 to 2 mm or 0 to 4 mm respectively, in order to segregate during the If to prevent. This danger of segregation is when introducing over a Leadership not given, so that now also uses aggregates with larger grain size can be. By Use of larger grain size is In addition, the self-cleaning effect within the leadership favors. The grain can dependent on be chosen almost arbitrarily from the diameter of the pipeline for example, it can be 1 to 10 cm. A mix of different Concrete grades is also reduced to a minimum.

There the formation of cavities during the backfilling almost certainly can be excluded and because in addition the Backfilling a leadership one Sparking prevents or shields, is an inerting with Nitrogen no longer necessary. In addition to the effort, the customary for this saved relatively expensive plants and the necessary amounts of nitrogen become.

Also is the filling no longer vertical or steeply inclined shafts as well easy and safe to accomplish.

One Accumulation of trickle gutters can be effective by using the method according to the invention be prevented.

The listed above execution and examples of use represent only a small part of the for the inventive method resulting options dar. Further advantageous design features are in the figure description and the dependent claims contain.

It demonstrate:

1 : a schematic representation of an unfilled shaft with a prepared for backfilling guide to the beginning of backfilling on average,

2 : A schematic representation of a partially filled shaft with a shortened guide.

As the 1 and 2 clarify, has a deep shaft 10 , in particular a mine shaft, a shaft opening 12 , an inner wall 14 and a shaft bottom 16 on. In the shaft 10 is still a guide on the inner wall 14 installed and extends approximately from the shaft opening 12 to the shaft bottom 16 , The guide may have any suitable shape, such as a gutter, but in particular a disused pipeline is suitable 18 , In the following, the method becomes exemplary for the use of a pipeline 18 explained as a guide. Such remaining in the shaft pipes 18 have different diameters, usually DN 50 to DN 600, on. The pipeline 18 So it was already in the shaft before the start of backfilling 10 existing and during mining operation in use, or has not been specially installed for the purpose of backfilling.

The pipeline 18 is first a few meters above the shaft bottom 16 severed or severed. This is an exit 20 created by the in the pipeline 18 guided backfill material 22 can escape. As backfill material 22 In particular, a hardening material is suitable which is produced and provided on the surface by means of suitable systems. Although ready-mixed concrete is also an option in principle, mobile or semi-mobile systems are usually used 24 used on site. The backfill material 22 is from these directly or a conveyor belt 26 introduced into the pipeline.

By introducing the filling material 22 becomes the shaft 10 continuously filled, creating a new shaft bottom 28 forms (cf. 2 ), the outlet after appropriate filling period 20 the pipeline 18 reached. The pipeline 18 is then knocked off again, this time at the desired distance from the new shaft bottom 28 , This process is repeated until the well 10 is completely filled.

The distance of the exit 20 from the original shaft bottom 16 or the new shaft bottom 28 can meet the requirements can be selected, resulting from the distance or the height resulting free fall of the backfill material 22 However, it should be so small that swirls and resulting caking on the inner wall 14 of the shaft can be avoided. The distance of the exit 20 from the original shaft bottom 16 or the new shaft bottom 28 may for example be less than 30 m, in particular 5 to 25 m.

In an advantageous embodiment, the outlet 20 by attaching a bend 30 to the end of the severed pipeline 18 moved in a desired direction. It has proven to be particularly advantageous if the manifold 30 the leaking filling material 22 towards the middle of the shaft bottom 16 passes.

2 further shows that an accretion of trickle gutters 32 on the inner wall 14 are mounted, can be effectively prevented by using the method according to the invention. The backfill material will be inside the pipeline 18 at the trickle gutters 32 past.

The shaft 10 is shown only schematically in the figures, the size ratios between the individual components do not correspond to reality.

The Invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiments, but includes any acting within the meaning of the invention and the Invention exploiting methods.

Claims (5)

Method for filling a deep shaft ( 10 ) with filling material ( 22 ), whereby the shaft ( 10 ) an inner wall ( 14 ) and a shaft bottom ( 16 ), wherein - on a guide that already before filling the shaft ( 10 ) was installed in it and used for other purposes, in the area above the shaft bottom ( 16 ) an exit ( 20 ) is provided by the backfill material ( 22 ) can emerge from the leadership, then - the backfill material ( 22 ) over the leadership to the exit ( 20 ) and there by the exit ( 20 ) emerges from the guide, then - until reaching a desired final fill level of the shaft ( 10 ) the guidance gradually on their respective the shaft bottom ( 16 ) to form a new exit ( 20 ), so that the guided backfill material ( 22 ) in each case by the then new exit ( 20 ) on a through the already introduced backfill material ( 22 ) forming new shaft bottom ( 28 ), characterized in that the exit ( 20 ) by attaching an extension element, in particular a bend ( 30 ) is laid in a desired direction that the extension element is formed such that the exiting backfill material ( 22 ) towards the middle of the shaft bottom ( 16 ) or the new shaft bottom ( 28 ), that the distance from the exit ( 20 ) to the shaft bottom ( 16 ) at the beginning of backfilling is less than 30 m, in particular 5 to 25 m, and that as filling material ( 22 ) a hardening material is used. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the guide through a pipeline ( 18 ) is formed. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that the pipeline ( 18 ) on the inner wall ( 14 ) of the shaft ( 10 ) is arranged. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that that the backfill material from a binder, an aggregate, an additive and water is formed. Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that in each case the distance from the new outlet ( 20 ) through to the already introduced backfill material ( 22 ) formed new shaft bottom ( 28 ) at the beginning of each filling section less than 30 m, in particular 5 to 25 m.