DE10234730A1 - Position determination method for use with industrial trucks, e.g. forklift trucks, within a defined area, wherein the positions of transport and reference fixed objects are known and truck positions are determined from them - Google Patents
Position determination method for use with industrial trucks, e.g. forklift trucks, within a defined area, wherein the positions of transport and reference fixed objects are known and truck positions are determined from them Download PDFInfo
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- DE10234730A1 DE10234730A1 DE10234730A DE10234730A DE10234730A1 DE 10234730 A1 DE10234730 A1 DE 10234730A1 DE 10234730 A DE10234730 A DE 10234730A DE 10234730 A DE10234730 A DE 10234730A DE 10234730 A1 DE10234730 A1 DE 10234730A1
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000013361 beverage Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002996 emotional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66F—HOISTING, LIFTING, HAULING OR PUSHING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. DEVICES WHICH APPLY A LIFTING OR PUSHING FORCE DIRECTLY TO THE SURFACE OF A LOAD
- B66F9/00—Devices for lifting or lowering bulky or heavy goods for loading or unloading purposes
- B66F9/06—Devices for lifting or lowering bulky or heavy goods for loading or unloading purposes movable, with their loads, on wheels or the like, e.g. fork-lift trucks
- B66F9/075—Constructional features or details
- B66F9/0755—Position control; Position detectors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D1/00—Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
- G05D1/02—Control of position or course in two dimensions
- G05D1/021—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles
- G05D1/0268—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles using internal positioning means
- G05D1/0274—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles using internal positioning means using mapping information stored in a memory device
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Forklifts And Lifting Vehicles (AREA)
- Warehouses Or Storage Devices (AREA)
- Traffic Control Systems (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Positionsbestimmung eines Transportfahrzeuges, insbesondere eines Flurförderfahrzeuges„ innerhalb eines vorbestimmten Wirkbereiches des Fahrzeuges, in dem bewegliche, vom Fahrzeug transportierte erste Objekte sowie ortsfeste zweite Objekte vorhanden sind, gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The present invention relates to a method for determining the position of a transport vehicle, especially of an industrial truck “within a predetermined effective range of the vehicle, in which movable, first objects transported by the vehicle and stationary second objects are present, according to the generic term of claim 1.
Bemannte Transportfahrzeuge, wie beispielsweise Flurförderfahrzeuge, sind ein fester Bestandteil und ein nicht weg zu denkendes Element auf dem Gebiet der Logistik. Flurförderfahrzeuge tragen zum Materialfluß z.B. in einer Lagereinrichtung bei. Die möglichen Fahrstrecken bemannter Fahrzeuge beschränken sich meist nicht auf fest vorgegebene Fahrwege, auf ein Gebäude oder auf einen Außenbereich. Vielmehr kann sich ein bemanntes Fahrzeug fast beliebig bewegen. Der Vorteil bemannter Fahrzeuge liegt somit in der universellen Gestaltung der Transportwege. Oft legt der Fahrer intuitiv und passend zur jeweiligen Situation in einer Lagereinrichtung ein Fahrmanöver bzw. eine Route für den Materialtransport fest.Manned transport vehicles, such as for example industrial trucks, are an integral part and an indispensable element the field of logistics. Flurförderfahrzeuge contribute to the material flow e.g. in a storage facility. The possible routes manned Limit vehicles mostly do not focus on predefined routes, on a building or to an outside area. Rather, a manned vehicle can move almost anywhere. The advantage of manned vehicles lies in the universal Design of the transport routes. The driver often installs intuitively and appropriately a driving maneuver or the respective situation in a storage facility a route for the material transport firmly.
GPS (Global Positioning System) ist allgemein als System zu Positionsbestimmung bekannt und wird in vielen Bereichen eingesetzt. Bei entsprechender Ausrüstung (kinematisches GPS) kann eine Genauigkeit von ca. ±2cm erreicht werden.GPS (Global Positioning System) is commonly known as a positioning system and is described in used in many areas. With appropriate equipment (kinematic GPS) an accuracy of approx. ± 2cm can be achieved.
Nachteil dieses Systems ist, daß immer Sichtkontakt zu den geostationären Satelliten und Funkverbindung zu optional vorhandenen Referenzstationen bestehen muß. Im Inneren einer Lagerhalle kann das System jedoch nicht eingesetzt werden, da das Hallendach die notwendigen Funksignale der Satelliten abschirmt.The disadvantage of this system is that there is always visual contact to the geostationaries Satellite and radio connection to optionally available reference stations must exist. However, the system cannot be used inside a warehouse because the hall roof has the necessary radio signals from the satellites shields.
Abhilfe kann hier ein System mit sogenannten „Pseudoliten" – einer Art von Ersatzsatelliten für den Innenbereich – schaffen. Hierfür werden z.B. in den Ecken einer Halle Funksender installiert, die GPS-kompatible Signale senden. Mit Hilfe eines GPS-Empfängers kann ein Fahrzeug somit innerhalb der Halle seine Position bestimmen. Dieses Verfahren birgt jedoch einige Nachteile. Die Feldstärke der empfangenen Signale innerhalb der Halle ist in hohem Maße von der Position des Fahrzeuges abhängig. Eine Änderung der Position verursacht eine große relative Änderung der Distanz zwischen Fahrzeug und Sender wobei die Empfangs-Signalleistung umgekehrt proportional zum Quadrat der Distanz ist. Wenn das Signal eines Senders am Empfänger somit um ein vielfaches stärker ist als die Signale der anderen Sender, so kann der Empfänger die schwächeren Signale nicht mehr auswerten. Das Fahrzeug kann somit an den Rändern der Halle die Position nicht bestimmen. Weiter benötigt der Empfänger zu den Pseudoliten den direkten Sichtkontakt und er muß in der Lage sein mehrfach reflektierte Signale zu erkennen. Hieraus ergeben sich für das System erhebliche Einschränkungen. Diese Technologie befindet sich heute noch im Entwicklungsstadium und funktioniert mit Einschränkungen nur im Labor.A system can help here so-called "pseudolites" - one Kind of replacement satellites for the Indoor - create. Therefor e.g. radio transmitters installed in the corners of a hall, the GPS compatible Send signals. With the help of a GPS receiver, a vehicle can determine its position within the hall. This procedure hides however some disadvantages. The field strength of the received signals inside the hall is largely dependent on the position of the vehicle dependent. A change the position causes a large relative change the distance between the vehicle and the transmitter, the received signal power being reversed is proportional to the square of the distance. If the signal is one Sender at the receiver thus many times stronger than the signals from the other transmitters, the receiver can weaker signals no longer evaluate. The vehicle can thus on the edges of the Halle did not determine the position. The recipient also needs to direct pseudolites and it must be in the Be able to recognize multiple reflected signals. Result from this for the system has significant limitations. This technology is still in the development stage today and works with restrictions only in the laboratory.
Aus der
Die
Die beiden voranstehend genannten Lösungen mit festen Markierungen haben den weiteren Nachteil, daß sichergestellt werden muß, daß das Fahrzeug in regelmäßigen Abständen an den Markierungen vorbei kommt. Bei einem bemannten Fahrzeug kann dies nicht sichergestellt werden, da der Fahrer das Fahrzeug seinen Bedürfnissen entsprechend bewegt.The two above solutions Fixed markings have the further disadvantage that ensures must become, that the vehicle at regular intervals passes the markings. In the case of a manned vehicle, this cannot be ensured because the driver of the vehicle needs moved accordingly.
Die
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren der o.g. Art dahingehend zu verbessern, daß dieses in Industrieumgebungen ohne Einschränkungen verwendbar ist und mit hinreichender Genauigkeit für die Positionsbestimmung arbeitet.The invention is based on the object Procedure of the above Kind of improve that this can be used in industrial environments without restrictions and with sufficient accuracy for the position determination works.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch ein Verfahren der o.g. Art mit den in Anspruch 1 angegebenen Verfahrensschritten gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den weiteren Ansprüchen beschrieben.This object is achieved by a Procedure of the above Type with the process steps specified in claim 1 solved. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are described in the further claims.
Bei einem Verfahren der o.g. Art ist es erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen, daß eine Kontur der in einer Umgebung einer momentanen Position des Fahrzeugs vorhandenen ersten Objekte abgetastet und mit einer digital gespeicherten Karte von allen im Wirkbereich des Transportfahrzeugs vorhandenen ersten Objekten verglichen wird, und aus dem Vergleich eine Position des Transportfahrzeugs innerhalb der digitalen Karte bestimmt wird, wobei immer dann, wenn das Fahrzeug ein Objekt aufnimmt oder abstellt, die Position des Transportfahrzeugs durch exakte Vermessung markanter Punkte der ersten und/oder zweiten Objekte in der Umgebung vom Transportfahrzeug aus und eine Ausrichtung des Transportfahrzeugs bestimmt wird und die in der digitale Karte gespeicherten Daten über die ersten Objekte entsprechend aktualisiert werden.In a procedure of the above kind it is provided according to the invention that a Contour of the surroundings of a current position of the vehicle existing first objects are scanned and stored with a digitally Map of all the first ones in the effective range of the transport vehicle Objects is compared, and from the comparison a position of the Transport vehicle is determined within the digital map, whereby whenever the vehicle picks up or sets down an object, the position of the transport vehicle is more distinctive due to precise measurement Points of the first and / or second objects in the vicinity of the transport vehicle from and an orientation of the transport vehicle is determined and the data stored in the digital map about the first objects accordingly be updated.
Dies hat den Vorteil, daß die Positionsbestimmung zu jedem Zeitpunkt und an jedem Ort ohne Vorkenntnis der Position möglich ist. Durch diese Bestimmung von Bewegungsrichtung, Position, Lagewinkel und Aktion eines Fahrzeuges (das z.B. in einer Lagereinrichtung für den Transport von Lagergut eingesetzt wird) an jedem beliebigen Ort eines bekannten, ggf. bebauten und abgegrenzten Wirkbereiches – z.B. eine Lagerhalle mit Verladeplatz und Freigelände – wird es möglich, den Materialfluß in der Lagereinrichtung ohne Zutun des Fahrers zu verfolgen und zu verwalten. Weiter besteht so die Möglichkeit dem Fahrer abhängig von der Fahrzeugposition Anweisungen zu übermitteln. Gleichzeitig dienen die Information über die Position des Ladegutes selbst als Ausgangspunkt für die Positionsbestimmung des Transportfahrzeuges, so daß beim Materialfluß nicht auf stationäre Markierungen im Wirkbereich Rücksicht genommen werden muß.This has the advantage that the position determination at any time and anywhere without prior knowledge of the position possible is. By determining the direction of movement, position, position angle and action of a vehicle (e.g. in a storage facility for the Transport of stored goods is used) at any location a known, possibly built-in and delimited effective range - e.g. a Warehouse with loading area and outdoor area - it becomes possible to control the material flow in the Track and manage storage facility without driver intervention. There is also the possibility dependent on the driver to provide instructions from the vehicle position. Serve at the same time the information about the position of the load itself as a starting point for determining the position of the transport vehicle, so that at Material flow does not open stationary Markings in the effective area must be taken.
Zum eindeutigen Bestimmen einer Umgebung des Transportfahrzeuges, wie beispielsweise einer bestimmten Lagerhalle oder einem bestimmten Bereich einer Lagerhalle, wird eine Datenverarbeitungseinrichtung des Transportfahrzeugs über einen eindeutig bestimmten Zugriffsknoten mit einer zentralen Recheneinheit verbunden, wobei aus der digitalen Karte ein Bereich ausgewählt wird, welcher der Position dieses Zugriffsknotens entspricht.To clearly identify an environment of the transport vehicle, such as a specific warehouse or a certain area of a warehouse, is a data processing device of the transport vehicle a clearly defined access node with a central processing unit connected, an area being selected from the digital map, which corresponds to the position of this access node.
Um einer Vielzahl von Transportfahrzeugen die digitale Karte zur Verfügung zu stellen, wird die digitale Karte in der zentralen Recheneinheit verwaltet.To a variety of transport vehicles digital map available to put, the digital map in the central processing unit managed.
Zweckmäßigerweise wird die Kontur in einer horizontalen Ebene abgetastet.The contour is expedient scanned in a horizontal plane.
Zur weiteren Ergänzung der Orientierungsmöglichkeit enthält die digitale Karte zusätzlich Daten zu im Wirkbereich des Transportfahrzeugs vorhandenen zweiten Objekten.To further supplement the orientation option contains the digital map in addition Data on existing second in the effective area of the transport vehicle Objects.
Bevorzugt handelt es sich bei dem Transportfahrzeug um ein bemanntes, manuell bedientes Transportfahrzeugs.It is preferably the Transport vehicle around a manned, manually operated transport vehicle.
Zweckmäßigerweise werden beim Abtasten der Kontur der Umgebung Abstands- und Winkelwerte zwischen der Position des Transportfahrzeugs und wenigstens den ersten Objekten bestimmt.Appropriately when scanning the Contour of the environment distance and Angular values between the position of the transport vehicle and at least determined the first objects.
Eine besonders einfache und gleichzeitig funktionssichere Bestimmung der Ausrichtung des Transportfahrzeugs erzielt man durch Verwendung eines magnetischen oder elektronischen Kompaß.A particularly simple and at the same time reliable The orientation of the transport vehicle is determined by Use a magnetic or electronic compass.
Beispielsweise sind die ersten Objekte Transporteinheiten, insbesondere Paletten, Gitterboxen, Europaletten o.ä., mit Lagergut, insbesondere Getränkekästen, Nahrungsmittel, Maschinenteile o.ä..For example, the first objects are transport units, especially pallets, lattice boxes, euro pallets or similar, with stored goods, especially beverage crates, food, Machine parts or similar
Optional wird in solchen Wirkbereichen, in denen Verbindung zu Navigationssatelliten besteht, auf eine GPS-Navigation umgeschaltet bzw. eine GPS-Navigation zugeschaltet.In such effective areas, in which there is a connection to navigation satellites, to GPS navigation switched or a GPS navigation switched on.
Dadurch, daß in der digitalen Karte für jedes erste Objekt neben der Position zusätzlich eine Höhe über Grund aus einer Höhe einer Ladeeinrichtung des Transportfahrzeuges beim Aufnehmen oder Abstellen des ersten Objektes bestimmt und abgespeichert wird, ist bei Lagergut, das übereinander stapelbar ist, neben einer X- und Y-Koordinate auch eine Z-Koordinate für das abgestellte oder aufgenommene Lagergut verfügbar.Because in the digital map for every first Object in addition to the position a height above ground from a height a loading device of the transport vehicle when picking up or Parking of the first object is determined and saved with stored goods, one above the other is stackable, in addition to an X and Y coordinate, a Z coordinate for the stored or picked up goods available.
Zur Unterstützung der Positionsbestimmung insbesondere bei schneller Fahrt wird in vorteilhafterweise aus den während einer Fahrt des Transportfahrzeugs ermittelten Positionen eine Abschätzung von Bewegungsrichtung und Geschwindigkeit des Transportfahrzeugs durchgeführt und/oder zusätzlich eine Koppelnavigation durchgeführt.To support position determination in particular in the case of a fast journey, the during a Positions of the transport vehicle determined an estimate of Direction of movement and speed of the transport vehicle carried out and / or additionally one Dead reckoning carried out.
Bei jedem Aufnehmen und/oder Abstellen eines ersten Objektes wird optional eine Belegung von Ladeplätzen des Transportmittels, ein Gewicht des ersten Objektes und/oder eine Belegung von Ladeplätzen des Transportmittels ermittelt.Each time a first object is picked up and / or put down, an occupancy of loading locations of the means of transport, a weight of the first object and / or an occupancy of loading are optionally selected places of the means of transport determined.
Zur weiteren Verbesserung von Navigation und Positionsbestimmung werden in der digitalen Karte zusätzlich Daten von beweglichen dritten Objekten gehalten und aktualisiert, die bei der Abtastung erfaßt und bei dem Vergleich mit der digitalen Karte sowie bei der exakten Vermessung genutzt werden, wobei diese dritten Objekte andere Transportfahrzeuge und/oder unbekannte Hindernisse umfassen.To further improve navigation and Position determination is also data in the digital map held and updated by moving third objects that detected during the scan and in the comparison with the digital map as well as with the exact one Surveying can be used, these third objects being other transport vehicles and / or include unknown obstacles.
Für ein Notfallsystem im Falle eines Ausfalls der Funkverbindung oder des Zentralrechners wird die digitale Karte zusätzlich in einem Speicher im Transportfahrzeug gespeichert und laufend aktualisiert.For an emergency system in the event of a radio link failure or The central computer also stores the digital map in a memory in the transport vehicle saved and continuously updated.
Eine bevorzugte Verwendung des Verfahrens dient zur Wegverfolgung der ersten Objekte, wobei jedes Aufnehmen und Abstellen eines ersten Objektes mit der entsprechend bestimmten Position des Transportfahrzeuges sowie Datumsinforma tionen protokolliert wird. Dies erfolgt beispielsweise in einem Getränkelager und die ersten Objekte sind Europaletten mit darauf gestapelten Getränkekisten. Zusätzlich wird zur Position des Transportfahrzeuges eine Lagerhöhe des ersten Objektes über Grund bestimmt.A preferred use of the method is used to track the first objects, each recording and parking a first object with the one determined accordingly The position of the transport vehicle and the date information are logged becomes. This takes place, for example, in a beverage store and the first objects are Euro pallets with beverage crates stacked on them. In addition, a storage height of the first object above ground for the position of the transport vehicle certainly.
Die Erfindung wird im folgenden anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert. Diese zeigt in:The invention is illustrated below closer to the drawing explained. This shows in:
Der bestimmte, abgegrenzte Wirkbereich
Der Gabelstapler
Bei diesen Aktionen wird fortlaufend
eine Position des Gabelstaplers
Gleichzeitig steht für jedes
einzelne erste Objekt
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ist in der Lage,
innerhalb und außerhalb
von Gebäuden
die Position des Gabelstaplers
Die Ortungssysteme ermitteln die
absolute Position des Fahrzeuges in einer X- und Y-Richtung innerhalb des vorgegebenen
Wirkbereiches
Erfindungsgemäß wird immer nur dann Position
und Lagewinkel des Gabelstaplers
Alle bekannten Objekte
Wenn sich der Gabelstapler
Erfindungsgemäß ist das Lagergut
Die am Hubwerk des Gabelstaplers
Für
das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren
kommen preisgünstige,
handelsübliche
Sensoren mit durchaus marktüblicher
Genauigkeit zum Einsatz was sich vorteilhaft auf den Gesamtpreis
des Systems auswirkt. Es ist weder eine Installation noch ein aufwendiges
Vermessen von Marken, Reflektoren o.ä. in dem Wirkbereich des Gabelstaplers
Optional ist ein Sensor zum Abtasten
einer Winkelposition des LADAR
Für
den Fall, daß der
Zentralrechner
Claims (22)
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10234730A DE10234730A1 (en) | 2002-07-30 | 2002-07-30 | Position determination method for use with industrial trucks, e.g. forklift trucks, within a defined area, wherein the positions of transport and reference fixed objects are known and truck positions are determined from them |
| PCT/DE2003/002555 WO2004015510A1 (en) | 2002-07-30 | 2003-07-30 | Method for determining the position of a transport vehicle |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10234730A DE10234730A1 (en) | 2002-07-30 | 2002-07-30 | Position determination method for use with industrial trucks, e.g. forklift trucks, within a defined area, wherein the positions of transport and reference fixed objects are known and truck positions are determined from them |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE10234730A1 true DE10234730A1 (en) | 2004-02-19 |
Family
ID=30469205
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10234730A Withdrawn DE10234730A1 (en) | 2002-07-30 | 2002-07-30 | Position determination method for use with industrial trucks, e.g. forklift trucks, within a defined area, wherein the positions of transport and reference fixed objects are known and truck positions are determined from them |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE10234730A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2004015510A1 (en) |
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| DE102005058628A1 (en) * | 2005-12-07 | 2007-06-14 | Daimlerchrysler Ag | Navigation system for e.g. lorry, has evaluation unit provided for combining position data sets of vehicle, where combination includes comparison of two data sets for verification and/or determination of result-position data set |
| DE102006016231A1 (en) * | 2006-03-31 | 2007-10-11 | Technische Universität Dresden | Mobile work machine and method of control |
| DE102006054083A1 (en) * | 2006-11-16 | 2008-05-29 | Siemens Ag | Transportation unit i.e. container ship, navigating method for e.g. large support, involves providing driving route of transportation units to predetermined target position based on determined positions of transportation units and goods |
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