DE10228865A1 - Collector with integrated expansion machine, generator for converting thermal solar radiation into electricity has internal heat sink, uses carbon dioxide as heat carrying medium in several circuits - Google Patents
Collector with integrated expansion machine, generator for converting thermal solar radiation into electricity has internal heat sink, uses carbon dioxide as heat carrying medium in several circuits Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DE10228865A1 DE10228865A1 DE2002128865 DE10228865A DE10228865A1 DE 10228865 A1 DE10228865 A1 DE 10228865A1 DE 2002128865 DE2002128865 DE 2002128865 DE 10228865 A DE10228865 A DE 10228865A DE 10228865 A1 DE10228865 A1 DE 10228865A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- expansion machine
- collector
- ice
- electricity
- generator
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K19/00—Regenerating or otherwise treating steam exhausted from steam engine plant
- F01K19/02—Regenerating by compression
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K19/00—Regenerating or otherwise treating steam exhausted from steam engine plant
- F01K19/02—Regenerating by compression
- F01K19/08—Regenerating by compression compression done by injection apparatus, jet blower, or the like
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
- F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
- F01K25/103—Carbon dioxide
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
- F03G6/003—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy having a Rankine cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
- F03G7/04—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using pressure differences or thermal differences occurring in nature
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/46—Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Zur thermischen Nutzung der Warmestrahlung der Sonne werden Solarkollektoren auf Dächern und oder Freiflächen installiert. Es gibt eine Vielzahl von Ausführungen denen gemein ist, daß sie alle ein fluides Medium aufheizen das direkt oder über einen Speicher seine Energie an eine Heizung überträgt. Ihr Wirkungsgrad liegt bei 80% und mehr. Solche Solarkollektoren sind beispielsweise in der Patentschrifft DE beschrieben. For the thermal use of heat radiation In the sun, solar collectors are installed on roofs and or open spaces. There are a variety of designs what they have in common is that they all heat up a fluid medium directly or via a storage transfers its energy to a heater. you Efficiency is 80% and more. Such solar panels are described for example in the patent specification DE.
Um elektrischen Strom zu produzieren setzt man Solarkollektoren auf Photovoltaikbasis ein Diese sind aber wesentlich teurer und haben einen sehr schlechten Wirkungsgrad von etwa 10%. Zusätzlich besteht das Problem, daß sie nur bei Sonnenstrahlung arbeiten und beispielsweise nachts keine Elektrizität liefern.To produce electricity you use solar collectors based on photovoltaics These are but much more expensive and have a very poor efficiency of about 10%. In addition there is the problem that they only work in sunlight and none at night, for example electricity deliver.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde Kollektoren zu entwickeln, die den hohen Wirkungsgrad der thermischen Solarkollektoren zur Elektrizitätsproduktion nutzen.The invention is based on the object of collectors to develop the high efficiency of thermal solar collectors for electricity production use.
Erfindungsgemäß wird das Problem dadurch gelöst, daß durch die in einem Solarkollektor absorbierte thermische Solarstrahlung ein Wärmeträger verdampft und in eine Expansionsmaschine strömt in der seine Energie in mechanische Arbeit und in einem nachgeschalteten Generator in Elektrizität umgewandelt wird. Hierbei kühlt er sich ab und kann bei geringerern Druck wieder verflüssigt und mittels einer Pumpe in den Kollektor zurück transportiert werden.According to the invention the problem is solved in that the thermal solar radiation absorbed in a solar collector a heat carrier evaporates and into an expansion machine where its energy flows in mechanical work and converted into electricity in a downstream generator becomes. This cools it turns off and can liquefy again at lower pressure and can be transported back into the collector by means of a pump.
Um den Druck hinter der Expansionsmaschine zu minimieren und dadurch die nutzbare Druckdifferenz zu erhöhen kann mindestens ein weiterer Kreislauf zur Kühlung auch mittels Vakuumverdampfung vorgesehen werden.To the pressure behind the expansion machine to minimize and thereby increase the usable pressure difference at least one further circuit for cooling also by means of vacuum evaporation be provided.
Die funktions- und gerätetechnische Anordnung erfolgt bevorzugt in Form einer Kaskade wobei der Vakuumverdampfer des Kühlkreislaufes mit dem Kondensator des Kraftkreislaufes und der Kondensator des Kühlkreislaufes mit dem Verdampfer des Kraftkreislaufes kombiniert werden können. Es ist jedoch bei einigen Wärmeträgersubstanzen sinnvoller parallel zu arbeiten oder beide Verfahren zu mischen. Bei hermetischer Kapselung des gesamten Systems geht keine Energie verloren und der Wirkungsgrad erreicht hohe Werte.The functional and device technology The arrangement is preferably in the form of a cascade, with the vacuum evaporator of the cooling circuit with the capacitor of the power circuit and the capacitor of the Cooling circuit can be combined with the evaporator of the power circuit. It is however with some heat transfer substances it makes more sense to work in parallel or to mix both processes. at Hermetically encapsulating the entire system, no energy is lost and the efficiency reaches high values.
Das Vakuum wird bevorzugt mittels eines Ejektors produziert, indem der Wärmeträgerdampfstrahl durch eine (Venturi) Düse gefuhrt wird deren Eingangsseite mit der Vakuumkammer verbunden ist. Der in der Düse auf hohe Geschwindigkeit beschleunigte Strahl treibt eine Turbine an und kühlt dabei so weit ab, daß der Dampf bei niederem Druck kondensiert. Durch dieses Verfahren entsteht eine innere Wärmesenke. Wird die Turbine zumindest teilweise offen in der Vakuumkammer betrieben muß das Kondensat mittels einer Rücklaufpumpe in den Verdampfer des Kraftkreislaufes transportiert werden wobei jedoch ein Teil schon vorher im Vakuum verdampft und für eine weitere Abkühlung sorgt. Die sich ergebenden Vorteile sind die innere Wärmesenke die einen Betrieb ohne externe erlaubt, die Möglichkeit die Kondensationsbedingungen durch das permanente Absaugen des Gases und damit auch der nichtkondensierten Anteile des Wärmeträ gerdampfes auf dem optimalen Niveau halten zu können und die Nutzung des Kollektors auch im Dunkeln nur mit Umweltwärme.The vacuum is preferred by means of of an ejector produced by the heat carrier vapor jet through a (venturi) Nozzle led the input side is connected to the vacuum chamber. The in the nozzle A jet accelerates to high speed and drives a turbine and cools so far that the Steam condenses at low pressure. This process creates an internal heat sink. The turbine is operated at least partially open in the vacuum chamber must Condensate using a return pump are transported into the evaporator of the power circuit however, a part had previously evaporated in a vacuum and for another cooling down provides. The resulting benefits are the internal heat sink which allows operation without external, the possibility of condensation conditions through the permanent suction of the gas and thus also the uncondensed Proportions of heat transfer steam to be able to keep at the optimal level and to use the collector even in the dark only with environmental heat.
Findet beispielsweise CO2 als Wärmeträger Verwendung kann in und oder hinter der Entspannungsdüse Eis entstehen. Dieses Eis sublimiert und erhöht dadurch den Druck in der Vakuumkammer. Durch die Verbindung der Vakuumkammer mit dem Ejektor wird das freigesetzte Gas (CO2) abgesaugt, in die Expansionsmaschine geführt und den Kondensationsbedingungen erneut ausgesetzt.For example, if CO 2 is used as a heat transfer medium, ice can form in and or behind the expansion nozzle. This ice sublimes and thereby increases the pressure in the vacuum chamber. By connecting the vacuum chamber to the ejector, the released gas (CO 2 ) is sucked off, fed into the expansion machine and exposed again to the condensation conditions.
Um den Effekt der (Trocken) Eisbildung
in und hinter der Entspannungsdüse
zu
Der (Haupt) Verdampfer besteht vorzugsweise aus einem nicht reflektierenden, druckfesten Hohlkörper ohne Isolierung und Abdeckung. Wenn es die Betriebsbedingungen oder Aufstellorte verlangen können auch Isolierung, Abdeckung und Wärmeleit- oder und -sammelelemente verwendet werden. Sensoren erfassen Temperaturen und Drücke der verschiedenen Stationen der jeweiligen Kreisläufe und steuern mit diesen Werten unter anderem den Zeitpunkt der Düsenöffnung, die Durchlaufmenge, die Beheizung, Pumpvorgänge, den Eistransport, Ventile und Bypaßfunktionen. Um den Wärmedurchgang in Verdampfer oder und Kondensator zu begünstigen ist eine eishemmende Oberflächenbeschichtung bzw. eine Enteisungsvorrichtung vorgesehen. Bei Inbetriebnahme ist es hilfreich die Kondensationsbedingungen zu beeinflussen und dadurch das Anlaufverhalten zu begünstigen. Dazu gehört auch die Möglichkeit die Schaltwerte der Drücke in Kondensator und Verdampfer vor der Entspannungsdüse bzw. dem Turbineneintritt zu verändern . Dazu können Hilfspumpen für Vakuum und Flüssigkeit verwendet werden.The (main) evaporator is preferably made from a non-reflective, pressure-resistant hollow body without Insulation and cover. If it is the operating conditions or installation locations can request also insulation, cover and thermal or and collecting elements are used. Sensors record temperatures and pressures of the different stations of the respective circuits and control with these values, among other things, the time of the nozzle opening, the throughput, heating, pumping, ice transport, valves and Bypaßfunktionen. To heat transfer Favoring in vaporizer or and condenser is an ice retardant Surface coating or a deicing device is provided. When commissioning it is helpful to influence the condensation conditions and thereby to favor the start-up behavior. That is part of it also the possibility the switching values of the pressures in condenser and evaporator in front of the expansion nozzle or To change turbine inlet , Auxiliary pumps can do this for vacuum and liquid be used.
In Bild
Im Verdampfer
Claims (24)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2002128865 DE10228865A1 (en) | 2002-06-27 | 2002-06-27 | Collector with integrated expansion machine, generator for converting thermal solar radiation into electricity has internal heat sink, uses carbon dioxide as heat carrying medium in several circuits |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2002128865 DE10228865A1 (en) | 2002-06-27 | 2002-06-27 | Collector with integrated expansion machine, generator for converting thermal solar radiation into electricity has internal heat sink, uses carbon dioxide as heat carrying medium in several circuits |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE10228865A1 true DE10228865A1 (en) | 2004-01-15 |
Family
ID=29723503
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2002128865 Withdrawn DE10228865A1 (en) | 2002-06-27 | 2002-06-27 | Collector with integrated expansion machine, generator for converting thermal solar radiation into electricity has internal heat sink, uses carbon dioxide as heat carrying medium in several circuits |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE10228865A1 (en) |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2006015768A1 (en) * | 2004-08-04 | 2006-02-16 | Klaus-Peter Priebe | Method for increasing efficiency by means of temperature expansion |
| DE102007046659A1 (en) * | 2007-09-28 | 2009-04-02 | Henke, Michael | Hot water producing mechanism for operating heating system in solar plant, has turbine i.e. steam turbine, attached to supply line over feed line, where generator is connected with turbine for generation of current |
| WO2008014774A3 (en) * | 2006-07-31 | 2009-08-20 | Technikum Corp | Method and apparatus for use of low-temperature heat for electricity generation |
| DE102011101788A1 (en) * | 2011-05-17 | 2012-11-22 | Alexander Oberhof | Method for generating electrical energy using solar energy, involves condensing warm vapor to temperature below specific value, and refilling vapor-producing medium in closed chamber, if pressure in chamber is lower than that in condenser |
| WO2013126937A1 (en) * | 2012-03-01 | 2013-09-06 | Czadul Julia | Arrangement for converting thermal energy |
| CN111810268A (en) * | 2020-08-11 | 2020-10-23 | 四川大学 | Hot end constant temperature heat conduction type waste heat power generation device |
| EP4403769A1 (en) * | 2023-01-20 | 2024-07-24 | Wise Open Foundation | Device and method for generating electrical energy |
| EP4448952A4 (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2025-09-03 | Zero Nox Inc | VENTURI DEVICE WITH FORCED INDUCTION SYSTEMS AND METHODS |
-
2002
- 2002-06-27 DE DE2002128865 patent/DE10228865A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2006015768A1 (en) * | 2004-08-04 | 2006-02-16 | Klaus-Peter Priebe | Method for increasing efficiency by means of temperature expansion |
| WO2008014774A3 (en) * | 2006-07-31 | 2009-08-20 | Technikum Corp | Method and apparatus for use of low-temperature heat for electricity generation |
| DE102007046659A1 (en) * | 2007-09-28 | 2009-04-02 | Henke, Michael | Hot water producing mechanism for operating heating system in solar plant, has turbine i.e. steam turbine, attached to supply line over feed line, where generator is connected with turbine for generation of current |
| DE102011101788A1 (en) * | 2011-05-17 | 2012-11-22 | Alexander Oberhof | Method for generating electrical energy using solar energy, involves condensing warm vapor to temperature below specific value, and refilling vapor-producing medium in closed chamber, if pressure in chamber is lower than that in condenser |
| WO2013126937A1 (en) * | 2012-03-01 | 2013-09-06 | Czadul Julia | Arrangement for converting thermal energy |
| CN111810268A (en) * | 2020-08-11 | 2020-10-23 | 四川大学 | Hot end constant temperature heat conduction type waste heat power generation device |
| CN111810268B (en) * | 2020-08-11 | 2024-06-07 | 四川大学 | Hot end constant temperature heat conduction type waste heat power generation device |
| EP4448952A4 (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2025-09-03 | Zero Nox Inc | VENTURI DEVICE WITH FORCED INDUCTION SYSTEMS AND METHODS |
| EP4403769A1 (en) * | 2023-01-20 | 2024-07-24 | Wise Open Foundation | Device and method for generating electrical energy |
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|---|---|---|---|
| 8122 | Nonbinding interest in granting licences declared | ||
| 8139 | Disposal/non-payment of the annual fee |