DE102023210071A1 - System for generating renewable electrical energy and supplying a majority of consumers - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a system for generating renewable electrical energy and supplying a plurality of consumers, comprising: a plurality of wind turbines (10, 11) and/or photovoltaic systems (20, 21) as generators of renewable electrical energy, wherein the system is configured to supply a plurality of electric motor- or hydrogen-powered vehicles as consumers with electrical energy and/or hydrogen; a plurality of charging stations (33, 56) arranged at a distance from one another along a route traveled by the vehicles, wherein the charging stations are suitable for supplying the vehicles with electrical energy and/or hydrogen, wherein the system further comprises a self-sufficient power line network which is electrically connected to the charging stations and which is fed, optionally exclusively, with the renewable electrical energy generated by the wind turbines (10, 11) and/or photovoltaic systems (20, 21). Furthermore, the system according to the invention comprises at least one transformer station (18) or at least one transformer (31), wherein the system is designed to convert the direct current generated by at least one photovoltaic system (20, 21) and/or the direct current or alternating current generated by at least one wind turbine into a three-phase alternating current in the medium-voltage range or high-voltage range and to conduct it in the self-sufficient power grid over a longer distance from beyond the at least one transformer (31) or the at least one transformer station (18) to a charging station (33, 56) as current in the medium-voltage range.

Description

The present invention relates to a system for generating renewable electrical energy and supplying a plurality of consumers, comprising: at least one wind turbine and/or at least one photovoltaic system as a generator of renewable electrical energy, wherein the system is configured to supply a plurality of electric motor- or hydrogen-powered vehicles as consumers with electrical energy and/or hydrogen; at least one charging station, preferably a plurality of charging stations, which are arranged at a distance from one another along a route or, in the case of several charging stations, along a route travelable by the vehicles, wherein the charging stations are suitable for supplying the vehicles with electrical energy and/or hydrogen, wherein the system further comprises a self-sufficient power line network which is electrically connected to the charging stations and which is fed, optionally exclusively, with the renewable electrical energy generated by the wind turbines and/or photovoltaic systems.

State of the art

It is generally known from the state of the art to generate renewable electrical energy from wind turbines and use it to charge the batteries of electric vehicles. For example, in the EP 3 659 854 A1 A method for using a charging unit and a transport system for charging units are proposed, in which charging stations charged with renewable energy from wind power are transported by trucks that accommodate several charging stations to an area, such as a public car park or the like, where they can then be used by car drivers to charge the car batteries. This system is relatively cumbersome, firstly because it requires specially trained trucks that pick up the charging units at the location where energy is generated from wind power, i.e. at the site of a wind turbine, and transport them by road to a location where the charging units are set up and made available to cars. The charging units must be charged by crane. The trucks transport the charging units by road to the locations where charging stations are located. This takes time, consumes energy to drive the trucks, and also pollutes the environment due to the _CO2 emissions from the trucks. In addition, large conventional wind turbines are used to generate renewable electrical energy, which are only available in certain locations, meaning that the distances to the charging stations where the energy is needed to charge cars can be considerable. Large wind turbines of this type require a complex permitting process, making it impossible to quickly install additional wind turbines of this type at a location near a traffic route, such as a highway, which is used by many electric vehicles.

It is also known to use renewable energy generated by photovoltaics to charge the batteries of electric vehicles. DE 20 2011 100 046 U1 For example, describes a system in which the roofs or sides of trucks or rail vehicles are equipped with photovoltaic systems, converting solar radiation into electrical energy on these vehicles. The resulting renewable energy is stored in accumulators, which are then transported to energy collection points. At these energy collection points, the charged energy storage units can be delivered to vehicles and exchanged for empty vehicle batteries.

Apart from the systems mentioned above, wind power is traditionally generated by large turbines with nominal outputs of around 2 MW to 5 MW, or even higher in the case of large offshore turbines. Today, the trend is towards building ever larger wind turbines to achieve greater output. These large turbines have various disadvantages. For example, the diameter of the rotor blades of a 2 MW turbine is already over 100 m, so the total height, including the rotors, is well over 100 m. The weight of a large wind turbine can exceed 1,000 t, requiring large foundations during construction. Another problem is the high noise levels, which is why a minimum distance of 1.5 km from the nearest residential area is currently required. Furthermore, these turbines must undergo a complex approval process, and since public acceptance of these turbines is dwindling, it often takes several years to obtain approval for and construct a new turbine.

Furthermore, it is usually the case that the electricity generated by wind turbines is fed into the general power grid. Wind turbines are often located in sparsely populated rural areas, and the electricity must then be transported over long distances via high-voltage power lines to locations with high energy demand, such as larger cities, industrial areas, and systems and the like. Firstly, transmission over long distances results in line losses in the power grid. Another problem is that the electricity generated by wind turbines is intermittent, meaning that during strong winds, a comparatively high output from wind power is available, but this often does not correspond to the corresponding energy demand. Conversely, when there is no wind, there is not enough energy available from wind power. This requires either the excess electricity generated during strong winds to be stored in a suitable form, or energy is lost during high winds because it cannot be fed into the public grid.

The present invention is based on the following considerations. In order to reduce _CO2 emissions in the transport sector, it is planned to convert private transport to electrically powered vehicles over the next twelve years. From 2035, no new vehicles powered by conventional diesel or gasoline combustion engines will be registered in the EU. This means that the demand for electrical energy along motorways and main roads will increase considerably compared to today. Although there are plans to gradually increase the share of renewable energies in the supply of electrical energy, since the approval of large wind turbines near residential areas is meeting with considerable resistance from the population, it is questionable whether demand can be met by wind turbines to a sufficient extent and within the envisaged time period. If larger wind farms are built offshore, considerable distances must sometimes be bridged to transport the electricity to the long-distance routes, for example in southern Germany. Furthermore, it makes little sense to select sparsely populated areas for the construction of wind turbines where intact nature exists and is affected by the wind turbines (deforestation, disturbance of birdlife, noise pollution, etc.). On the other hand, the area around major traffic routes such as motorways and trunk roads is already subject to high levels of noise pollution and has been disrupted by the destruction of green spaces. Areas adjacent to motorways are hardly usable for human settlements and are also unsuitable habitats for wild animals due to the noise and danger posed by vehicles. The basic idea of the present invention is therefore to use these areas adjacent to roads to generate the electrical energy from renewable sources that is required by vehicles in the area of the roads.

From the printed publications US2018/0254736 A1 and US2021/0126574 A1 Systems of the type mentioned above have become known, in which photovoltaic systems and wind turbines are installed along a route to generate electricity from renewable sources and charge the batteries of electric vehicles traveling along the route. The photovoltaic systems are installed on noise barriers, barriers, or crash barriers located along the route. However, the aforementioned documents lack concrete information on how to set up the power grid for the renewably generated electricity so that it is transmitted along the route from the generators to the charging stations where the electricity is consumed with as little loss as possible and with reasonable technical effort.

Based on the aforementioned prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a system for generating and using renewable energy with the features mentioned at the outset, which is optimized in terms of energy technology and line technology with regard to the power transmission from the generators to the electrical consumers.

Approach of the present invention

The solution to the above-mentioned problem provides a system for generating and using renewable electrical energy of the type mentioned above with the features of claim 1.

According to the invention, it is provided that the system further comprises at least one power treatment station, in particular a transformer station or at least one transformer, wherein the system is set up to convert the direct current generated by at least one photovoltaic system and/or the direct current or alternating current generated by at least one wind turbine into a three-phase alternating current in the medium-voltage range or high-voltage range and to conduct it in the self-sufficient power line network over a longer distance from beyond the power treatment station, in particular beyond the at least one transformer or the at least one transformer station, to a charging station as current in the medium-voltage range or high-voltage range.

Conducting the current as three-phase current in the medium-voltage range or high-voltage range over an average distance between two charging stations of at least 1 km, preferably of several km, in particular over a distance of, for example, about 5 km to about 25 km or, if appropriate, even over an even longer distance of, for example, up to 100 km with a medium or high voltage in the range of at least about 800 V to preferably about 110 kV, in particular in the range of about 10 kV to about 20 kV, can be achieved with reduced line losses. According to the invention, it is not necessary to conduct the current at very high voltages via an overhead power line network; instead, the self-sufficient power line network can, for example, use overhead lines or underground lines laid near and along the route, thereby significantly reducing the technical complexity of transforming and converting the current.

If the above wording states "that the system is designed to convert the direct current generated by a photovoltaic system or the direct current or alternating current generated by a wind turbine into a three-phase alternating current in the medium-voltage or high-voltage range," then this means that either the said power treatment station, in particular a transformer station or the transformer, is suitable for this purpose, or that the system, in addition to a transformer station or a transformer, optionally comprises further devices for power treatment. These devices can, for example, comprise at least one frequency converter to convert, for example, alternating current generated by a wind turbine into alternating current with a different frequency, for example with a common grid frequency of 50 Hz. Such alternating current at grid voltage can then be converted into three-phase alternating current via at least one rectifier in the transformer station or, for example, in the line path upstream of it, and then stepped up to the desired voltage in the medium-voltage or high-voltage range. Photovoltaic systems supply direct current, so this current must be converted into three-phase current via inverters in the system and, if necessary, stepped up to the desired voltage in the medium-voltage or high-voltage range, which is intended for the power line in the system's self-sufficient power line network.

The above formulation "in the autonomous power line network over a longer distance from beyond at least one power treatment station, in particular a transformer station or at least one transformer to a charging station as three-phase alternating current in the medium voltage range or high voltage range" means that the conversion into the desired three-phase alternating current takes place either in the transformer station or the transformer or, if necessary, partly beforehand, but at the latest in the transformer station or the transformer this three-phase alternating current is generated in the medium voltage range or high voltage range and from there is transmitted in the autonomous power line network as electricity in the medium voltage range or high voltage range to a charging station of the system.

The power treatment station, in particular a transformer station, is located in the line route between the generator and the charging station. According to the invention, the current is conducted over the length of the line route from the power treatment station, in particular a transformer station, or from the transformer to the charging station as three-phase alternating current in the medium-voltage or high-voltage range. The above formulation "over a longer distance" means that this is generally a distance of at least one kilometer, generally a distance of several kilometers, for example a distance in the range of approximately 1 km to approximately 50 km, preferably from approximately 5 km to approximately 25 km. This distance corresponds at most to the line route between one or more power generators and the nearest charging station in the system at which the power is to be made available. It is possible that the power treatment station, in particular a transformer station, or the transformer is located a short distance (for example, less than 1 km) from the power generator(s). The power treatment station, in particular the transformer station or the transformer, can also be located at a distance of several kilometers, for example, 2 or 3 kilometers, from the generators. This distance should not be too long, since the invention is intended to conduct the power line to the nearest charging station with low losses as three-phase alternating current in the medium-voltage or high-voltage range. As a rule, the distance between the generators and the power treatment station, in particular the transformer station or the transformer, will be (significantly) shorter than the distance to the nearest charging station.

The aim of the invention is to provide charging stations along the route at regular intervals, i.e. the line path in the self-sufficient power line network along the route is segmented into individual sections that correspond to the respective distance from one charging station to the next.

To give an example: If, for example, the distance between a first and a second adjacent charging station along the route is 20 km, the feed-in of If renewably generated electricity is fed into the power line near the first charging station and a transformer station or transformer is located at a distance of, for example, 500 m from the feed-in point, then the power line as three-phase alternating current in the medium-voltage or high-voltage range in the autonomous power line network from beyond the power treatment station, in particular the transformer station or transformer, to the second charging station would be 20.5 km. Preferably, however, there will be several generators along the route section leading from the first to the second charging station, so that the power line path of the three-phase alternating current in the medium-voltage or high-voltage range coming from these generators is shorter than the aforementioned 20.5 km.

Nevertheless, the system should be configured to transmit three-phase current at medium or high voltage over the entire route, corresponding to the distance between two charging stations. For example, if the route is a motorway, charging stations should preferably be located at least at every rest area. If the distances between two rest areas are too large, it is preferable to also provide charging stations at parking lots, which are usually closer together on motorways, as they are located between rest areas. Parking lots on motorways are easily suitable for charging electric vehicles if the area is large enough.

Such a self-sufficient power grid, as part of the system in which renewable energy is generated, has a number of advantages. Firstly, this self-sufficient power grid can be designed according to demand, meaning it is calculated and dimensioned in such a way that electrical energy is always available in the area of the power lines at least to the extent that it is consumed by the vehicles using the power lines at peak times. Renewable energy is generated where it is consumed, resulting in short power line routes and thus minimizing energy losses. The areas along the power lines, some of which are already sealed, are unsuitable as residential areas or near-natural areas anyway, so that the installation of the energy generation systems, the power lines, and any storage facilities required, and no valuable natural areas are used up.

Any storage facilities required in the system when more electricity is temporarily generated than it consumes can also be built as part of the system in close proximity to the track. The same applies to charging stations, which can be installed, for example, at existing parking lots and rest areas, so that no further natural areas need to be destroyed. Both wind turbines and photovoltaic systems as generators of renewable electrical energy, as well as storage facilities in the form of accumulators or, for example, tanks in which electrolytically produced hydrogen or, where appropriate, methane, LPG, methanol, or ammonia is stored, which were generated in the system using the renewably produced electricity, can be located on the periphery of the track, just like electrical lines, including overhead lines and other line systems required in the system, such as pipelines for hydrogen, LPG, or other energy-rich liquids, and are thus part of the self-sufficient system.

A further advantage of the solution according to the invention is that the existing power grid outside the system is relieved, since the long-distance power lines from, for example, offshore wind farms to the roadways are no longer required.

As a rule, the state already owns the land on and near the roads (highways and federal highways), so that the installation of all necessary facilities for the system can be carried out in the short term without the acquisition of land and long-term legal disputes with third-party owners.

The invention thus takes a different approach than the prior art mentioned at the outset, in which wind turbines located far away from the charging stations are used to generate renewable energy and in which either entire charging stations or the batteries for the vehicles have to be transported to electric charging stations in order to charge electric vehicles or replace the batteries.

According to the present invention, a "charging station" is understood to be an area such as a parking lot or rest area along a motorway or a major country road, where, in addition to the actual "charging stations" themselves, buildings serving as consumers and other infrastructure such as transformer stations, substations, etc. can be located. This has the advantage that not only the charging stations but also the buildings, such as restaurants, petrol stations, etc., can be supplied with the electrical energy generated in the area of the route. According to the invention, a separate power grid is thus preferably created, which can be supplied, for example, from the public supply grid. be self-sufficient and can only supply one charging station at a time, for example a service area, but which can also be connected to the public grid if necessary, so that surplus electrical energy that is not consumed in the area of the charging station can be fed into the public grid or, for example, can also be used to supply villages or individual houses located near the route with electrical energy.

The present invention is based on the idea that when using renewable energy to charge vehicle batteries, it is advantageous to select the location where this energy is generated as close as possible to the location where it is consumed. Most cars and trucks travel on motorways or major country roads. The traffic volume on motorways and major country roads can be estimated quite accurately based on comparative values. In a highly developed industrial country with good infrastructure, such as the Federal Republic of Germany, these transport routes are found almost nationwide in a dense road network. Since this network of the busiest roads extends over a total of thousands of kilometers, a large area is available in the immediate vicinity of the roads. This area can be used for the construction of wind turbines and, if necessary, solar systems. The invention proposes the installation of wind turbines, possibly even small wind turbines, near a motorway or major country road. This has the further advantage that, with a total height of up to 10 m, they are not subject to building permit requirements. The installation and assembly of such a small wind turbine is also less complex than that of a large wind turbine, as the individual components are smaller and lighter, making them easy to transport by vehicle. Furthermore, the effort required to build large foundations is eliminated.

The idea of a self-sufficient power grid along highways or other major roads has the further advantage that this power grid is controllable by the state and not owned by a large number of different industrial, regional, or municipal energy producers. For example, a consortium of companies commissioned by the state or a state-owned company could operate the system according to the invention, similar to the case in rail transport. Renewably generated electricity, for example, can be electrolytically converted into hydrogen, allowing vehicles equipped with fuel cells to also refuel with hydrogen in the system. Vehicles equipped with metal hybrid storage systems can also be supplied with energy.

A further advantage of the system is that it can be monitored and secured much better than the existing, very complex, public power grid, which has numerous regional owners of the lines and power lines that run across the properties of countless different (third-party) owners.

Small wind turbines, for example, require little space and can be installed close to each other and to the road. Their noise level is also low and is hardly perceived as disturbing. Small wind turbines with a rotor diameter of up to 3 m, for example, can produce an output of around 5 kW or more. Thus, if 1,000 of these small wind turbines are installed along a stretch of highway, they generate the same electrical output as one large 5 MW wind turbine. If the small wind turbines are positioned at a distance of, say, 20 m from each other in three parallel rows, for example, along the sides of each lane and on the median strip, 50 x 3 = 150 such turbines can be installed per kilometer of highway. With just 5 kW per turbine, this corresponds to an output of 750 kW per km of highway. It is advisable to install charging stations for electric vehicles at parking lots and rest areas, as vehicles can easily stop there. The entire highway network in Germany is approximately 13,000 km long. On average, parking spaces are located less than 10 km apart. If we assume a distance of 10 km for simplicity, then, in the above example, an electrical output of 7.5 MW can be achieved from the small wind turbines alone for both lanes of a highway between two parking lots. With parking spaces on both sides of the highway, 3.75 MW of installed capacity would be available on each side for charging vehicle batteries and, if necessary, other consumers.

Based on the entire 13,000 km motorway network, this would result in a power output of 13,000 x 750 kW = 9.75 GW. Assuming, for example, 5,000 hours of full use, this would be 9.75 million kW x 5,000 h = 9.75 billion kWh. The total annual electricity consumption of the Federal Republic of Germany is approximately 600 billion kWh, so the small wind turbines in the system proposed along the motorway alone could supply approximately 1.6% of Germany's total energy consumption.

According to a preferred development of the invention, photovoltaic systems and, if appropriate, wind turbines connected to the system's autonomous power grid can be installed near the route, particularly in rows on a shoulder next to a roadway and/or on the median strip between two roadways. By combining wind turbines and photovoltaic systems, the total electrical power available at the charging stations from renewable energy sources can be further increased.

Some motorways or country roads may be located on lowered terrain. In these cases, according to a preferred development of the invention, it is advantageous if the wind turbines are installed on a lower-lying road compared to the surrounding area at a location elevated relative to the road, close to the road, where the rotors of the small wind turbines are sufficiently exposed to the wind. Typically, there is an embankment next to the road, allowing the wind turbines to be positioned in the upper part of the embankment, with the rotors projecting above the embankment and thus receiving optimal wind exposure. In these cases, too, the wind turbines are installed "close" to and along the road within the meaning of the invention.

According to a preferred development of the invention, at least one photovoltaic system, which is electrically connected to the autonomous power line network of the system, is arranged on a traffic sign or information board on or near the roadway and/or a photovoltaic system is arranged on the roadway and/or the roadway is at least partially designed as a photovoltaic system.

The photovoltaic systems, which according to the invention are optionally additionally installed near and along the roadway, can be installed either close to the ground with an appropriate incline and preferably facing south. Here, too, there is the advantage that the land along the roadway is owned by the state or, if appropriate, in the hands of a single owner, provided that, as in countries such as France or Italy, the motorway is operated by a private company. Furthermore, according to a preferred development of the invention, it is possible to arrange at least one photovoltaic system, which is electrically connected to the power grid, in the area of a shoulder next to a roadway and/or on the median strip between two roadways and/or on a traffic sign or information board on or near the roadway. With the traffic signs and information boards already present, additional areas are thus available where, with the appropriate orientation, the installation of photovoltaic systems is possible with relatively little technical effort.

An additional option is to equip the roadway itself with photovoltaic systems or to design it as a photovoltaic system. Road surfaces are already known that can convert solar energy into electrical energy and that are sufficiently strong to support weight, making them suitable for use as a roadway. It is therefore technically feasible to use the roadway itself as a photovoltaic system and thus as an additional source of renewable energy.

According to a preferred development of the invention, at least one photovoltaic system, which is electrically connected to the power grid, is arranged on a noise barrier next to the roadway. Such noise barriers are available, particularly when a highway runs through a residential area or is located near populated areas, and offer large areas for the installation of photovoltaic systems. Additional systems can be installed, for example, on surfaces of existing structures such as bridge railings or on the front of underpasses. In all of the aforementioned cases, an advantage arises from the fact that the invention can use areas for the installation of photovoltaic systems that are already part of the existing infrastructure near roads such as highways and major country roads and that can be used by the state or the highway operator. This reduces installation costs and, moreover, eliminates the need to purchase electricity from a private operator of a larger photovoltaic system, as has sometimes been the case up to now when photovoltaic systems are built by private operators, for example, on agricultural land. The invention also takes advantage of the further cost advantage that the power grid into which the renewably generated electricity is fed can be kept considerably shorter, since this power grid can be laid along the route and thus in the immediate vicinity of the small wind turbines or photovoltaic systems installed and can be led from there to the charging stations.

According to a preferred development of the invention, the system according to the invention comprises at least one power treatment station, in particular a transformer station, wherein the power generated by at least one wind turbine is converted into a three-phase alternating current, preferably in Such a transformer station can be used, for example, to initially standardize the electricity generated by wind turbines on the one hand and photovoltaic systems on the other, so that it can then be transmitted via a common power grid within the system. For example, this uniform electricity from all renewable generators can then be further transformed from a low-voltage range to a medium-voltage or high-voltage range in order to then transmit the electricity over a longer distance with lower losses, particularly to the charging station in whose area the electricity is delivered to consumers.

According to a preferred development of the invention, the system comprises at least one power treatment station, in particular a transformer station, wherein the electricity generated by at least one photovoltaic system, which in this case is direct current, is also converted into a three-phase alternating voltage, preferably initially in the low-voltage range, fed into the power grid, and transmitted further. According to this variant of the invention, both the electricity generated by wind power and the electricity generated by solar energy are each converted into three-phase alternating voltage, preferably at the same frequency, in particular at the usual grid frequency of 50 Hertz or 60 Hertz, with the voltage particularly preferably being approximately 400 volts in each case, which is the usual three-phase alternating voltage classified as low-voltage. In this way, electricity with the same parameters is obtained from both energy generators and can be uniformly fed into a line system, via which the electricity is then transmitted, preferably after conversion into a higher voltage in the medium-voltage range or the high-voltage range, to the consumers, particularly in the area of the nearest charging station.

According to a preferred development of the invention, the power grid into which the electricity generated by at least one wind turbine and optionally by at least one photovoltaic system is fed comprises at least one transformer, preferably at least one power treatment station, in particular a transformer station, in which low-voltage three-phase alternating current is converted into medium-voltage or high-voltage current. Instead of such a transformer station (which could also be referred to as a type of substation), it is also possible, for example, to arrange just a single transformer, for example in a substation, along the line from the energy generator to the consumer.

The system works as follows: The wind turbines generate alternating current, preferably on the low-voltage side (e.g., three-phase current at 400 V), which can be fed to a transformer station. If necessary (usually), a frequency converter is used to convert the frequency of the electricity generated by the wind turbine to the standard grid frequency of 50 Hz. Such a frequency converter can be integrated into the wind turbine. The photovoltaic systems generate direct current, which is also converted, for example, in a transformer station via an inverter into low-voltage three-phase current. This three-phase current can be converted via a transformer into a medium voltage in the range of, for example, at least 1 kV, in particular in the range of 10 kV to 20 kV (or higher), or into a high voltage in the range of, for example, 20 kV to 110 kV, and then transported over a distance of, for example, 1 km or several km, for example, 10 km, 20 km, 25 km, or even longer, to a charging station. These distances depend, among other things, on the distances between the charging stations, the number of renewable energy producers feeding in electricity, and whether only one or several transformer stations (substations) are planned between each two charging stations.

According to a preferred development of the invention, the power grid according to the invention is designed to conduct electricity over a longer distance from beyond at least one power treatment station, in particular at least one transformer station, to a charging station as medium-voltage or high-voltage electricity. Therefore, within the framework of the system according to the invention, a separate, autonomous power grid is preferably used, which is configured according to the needs of the system. In principle, parts of an existing public grid can, of course, also be used instead of a separate power grid. As a rule, however, no suitable public grid lines are available in areas along a motorway or major country road. To date, the public grid has only supplied service areas or, if applicable, parking lots where charging stations for electric vehicles are already located. Therefore, lines would have to be laid anyway, leading from the renewable energy producers to the charging stations. It is therefore advisable to install a separate power grid for this purpose, which meets the above-described requirements of the system according to the invention. The The cables used in the power grid can be, for example, underground cables, cables laid along an embankment or noise barrier, or even overhead cables laid along pylons. It is recommended that the cables be laid in conduits or other suitable protective devices to prevent vandalism. Furthermore, it is recommended that the cables be protected by suitable alarm systems and/or cameras so that in the event of a malfunction or tampering, a notification is immediately sent to a monitoring facility.

According to a preferred development of the invention, at least one charging station is located in the area of at least one rest stop or parking lot located along the route. As already explained above, a charging station is understood to mean the entire area, which may include a type of electric filling station with charging stations for cars and trucks, optionally swapping stations where empty batteries can be exchanged for charged ones, which may further include a conventional filling station for gasoline and diesel, sanitary facilities, parking facilities, recreational areas, possibly restaurants, etc., i.e., the corresponding infrastructure as found at conventional parking lots or rest stops, for example on highways. Thus, in addition to the charging stations and optional swapping stations specifically designed for electric-powered vehicles, the charging station generally also includes a number of other electrical consumers, and the system according to the invention is particularly preferably configured such that the entire power requirement of such a charging station, with or without a rest stop, can be covered by the power generated from renewable energy, which is fed to the charging station via the power grid according to the invention. In this ideal scenario, the charging station is thus energy-independent and does not require a connection to the public grid. This ensures that the entire charging station is powered exclusively by renewable energy, with this renewable energy being generated entirely within the system itself, meaning no additional conventional large-scale wind turbines, solar panels, or hydroelectric power plants need to be constructed. Ultimately, the route itself, especially the motorway or major country road, provides the energy needed for the journey, with no environmental impact from _CO2 emissions during energy generation.

The advantage here is that the system can be designed and configured in such a way that the energy requirements of a charging station along the route can be covered by the renewable energy generated along the section of the route between two charging stations, even in adverse weather conditions (calm winds, cloud cover). If, under favorable conditions, more energy is generated than the charging station requires, at least one electricity storage device can be provided in the vicinity of at least one charging station, which is suitable for storing excess renewable electrical energy generated in the system. Or the excess electrical energy can be forwarded to settlements, individual buildings, industrial facilities, commercial areas, or the like located near the route and/or one of the charging stations, so that these additional consumers can be integrated into the system's power grid without the excessive expense of laying electrical cables over long distances. Rather, a suitably designed line leading from one of the charging stations or branching off from a line along the route at a suitable point is sufficient. Depending on the distance to these additional consumers, the electricity from the system's power grid can be transmitted to the additional consumers at medium voltage, high voltage, or even low voltage. The construction of additional high-voltage lines/pylons and/or substations is therefore not necessary to supply additional consumers, for example, in remote areas, via the system according to the invention.

Such a self-sufficient power grid, for which the energy is generated renewably in the system and the power is tailored to the needs of consumers present along a defined route of the system in the area of a charging station or outside of it, can be designed, calculated and utilized much better than with the previous use of the public power grid, which has much larger dimensions, countless energy feeders and countless consumers with time-dependently variable energy requirements and is thus heterogeneous and unmanageable.

According to a preferred development of the invention, the system comprises at least one transformer or transformer station in the line path from the generator to the consumer before a charging station, by means of which an alternating current in the medium voltage range can be converted into a three-phase alternating current in the low voltage range. The line path of usually several kilometers, for example 1 km to 25 km or more, in particular 5 km to 15 km, from the generator or a transformer station to a charging station can thus be supplied with alternating current in the medium voltage range or high voltage range from at least about 1000 volts, in particular from, for example, 10 kV to 20 kV or more, thereby reducing line losses, and at least one current treatment station, in particular a transformer, is then provided which converts the current back into an alternating current in the low-voltage range, so that the current is available at the charging station in the low-voltage range of, for example, 400 volts, which the consumers require there.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, a charging station comprises at least one charging column for charging vehicle batteries, wherein preferably at least one additional consumer, in the vicinity of the charging station or remotely from the charging station, is supplied by the power grid into which the renewably generated energy is fed. This additional consumer can be, for example, a gas station or a restaurant on the premises of the charging station, or one or more external consumers such as buildings, a residential area, or a commercial area near the charging station.

According to a preferred development of the invention, at least one rectifier is provided in the area of a charging station, preferably in the area of a line leading to a charging column or in a charging column, and is configured to convert low-voltage three-phase current supplied by the power grid into direct current suitable for charging batteries. This can then, for example, provide a rapid charging station via which the batteries of electric vehicles are charged directly with direct current. At least one further charging station can, for example, be designed as an AC charging station, so that it is alternatively also possible to charge vehicles with alternating current, which is then converted into direct current for the battery via a device installed in the vehicle.

According to a preferred development of the invention, the system is configured to store the regenerative electrical energy generated in the system in power storage units, which are designed as rechargeable batteries and can be interchangeably installed in the electric motor-driven vehicles. In this way, additional storage units are avoided, and the regenerative energy generated in the system can be stored directly in batteries, which, for example, are exchanged for empty power storage units when installed in electric motor-driven vehicles, thus avoiding the otherwise necessary charging time at the charging stations.

The rechargeable power storage devices preferably comprise one or more storage modules, wherein several of these storage modules can be combined to form a power storage device and preferably electrically connected to one another. This offers the advantage that, depending on how many storage modules are combined, the size of the power storage device can be adapted to the energy requirements of the respective vehicle. For example, small cars can be supplied with just one, two, or a few storage modules, while larger cars, trucks, buses, or rail vehicles can be equipped with power storage devices consisting of a larger number or a plurality of such storage modules. This has the advantage that the same storage modules can be used for all applications, instead of using a multitude of different battery types as in the prior art.

Preferably, the rechargeable power storage devices are designed in such a way that the same power storage devices are suitable for installation in electric motor-driven vehicles of different types and/or different designs and/or different sizes, in particular in road vehicles such as passenger cars, trucks or buses, in rail vehicles, watercraft or aircraft.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the rechargeable power storage devices are designed such that they are suitable as power storage devices for supplying electricity to buildings or industrial facilities. This provides a further advantage, as the power storage devices consisting of the same storage modules can be used both in vehicles and in buildings or industrial facilities for storing and supplying electrical energy. This makes it possible, for example, to temporarily install power storage devices in an electric vehicle, which can also be used in buildings and charged there, for example, via a stationary solar system.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the energy storage devices and/or the storage modules combined to form the energy storage devices are standardized with regard to their dimensions and/or their electrical power and/or their electrical connections. This ensures that the storage modules and the energy storage devices constructed from them can be universally used and combined with one another for mobile and stationary applications.

Further advantages of the system according to the invention for generating regenerative electrical energy and supplying a plurality of consumers are that, in principle, If necessary, additional peripheral properties adjacent to the motorway route can be included as areas for the installation of systems for generating renewable energy, even if these properties are not owned by the motorway operator. In principle, larger wind turbines could also be installed there, which no longer fall under the definition of small wind turbines (total height up to 10 m), and the electricity they generate could be fed into the power grid of the system according to the invention. This is advantageous compared to today's conventional approach, when such properties adjacent to the roadway have usually already been cleared and are generally not considered for other uses (residential development) due to noise pollution and other vehicle emissions. In this way, additional renewable energy can be generated. From an ecological perspective, this solution is significantly better than, for example, erecting wind turbines in forested areas or other areas with intact nature, thereby destroying or harming the flora and fauna there. This is especially true since, in remote, near-natural areas, there is generally no electrical grid, meaning that laying cables to connect the energy generator to the public grid would be much more expensive. Furthermore, the properties adjacent to a motorway route are less attractive for other uses and can therefore be acquired more cheaply. The motorway route and the adjacent properties on which the renewable energy generators and the grid of the system according to the invention are to be built thus form a technology route in which the destruction of intact nature can be reduced to a minimal area on both sides of the route.

Since the power line network belonging to the system is laid directly or as close as possible along the route of a motorway or country road, electricity generated from renewable energy is also available at low cost to other consumers along or on the route, i.e. to consumers that are not located in the area of one of the charging stations, for example lights for illuminating signs, power for sensors or display systems.

Since the main line of the power grid according to the invention is preferably routed from the generators to the charging stations along both sides of the highway, this ensures that the power line is as short as possible, and power is also available everywhere, for example, for information systems. Preferably, the renewable generators of the system are arranged in a line along the route, just as the consumers can be arranged in a line along the route. Thus, the cables of the power grid run along this line defined by the route and can be designed to be as short as possible.

A further advantage of the invention is that it reduces the risk of sabotage, which is a serious problem in current times of crisis. For example, offshore wind turbines, power lines laid on the seabed, and overhead lines with pylons running hundreds of kilometers through remote areas, as currently used, are vulnerable to sabotage. Lines laid along busy roads, especially underground, are less vulnerable and can be better monitored by suitable devices. These monitoring devices can, in turn, be powered by renewable energy from the system.

In summary, the present invention provides an autonomous, self-contained system that is linearly routed along a track and has a minimized footprint. It includes components for power generation, power transmission, and power supply, as well as power consumers in the form of electrically powered vehicles and infrastructure components along the track. The system is designed to be environmentally friendly and independent of the fragile and complex structures of the general power grid, and it compresses the components for the electrical supply of the vehicles and the track into a small space.

According to a preferred development of the invention, the system comprises at least one device for the electrolytic production of hydrogen by means of regenerative electrical energy generated in the system and at least one device for storing hydrogen, for example a hydrogen tank or a metal hybrid storage device.

Alternatively, electrolytically produced hydrogen can be converted into another energy carrier by chemical reaction, which can be stored in liquid form, possibly under pressure, or as a gas, for example in appropriate tanks, with energy-rich compounds such as methane, LPG, methanol, ethanol or ammonia being particularly suitable here.

If the production of hydrogen or the aforementioned energy sources is planned at a location remote from a charging station, According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the system comprises at least one pipeline for transporting hydrogen or the energy carrier from the production site to a charging station. At the charging station, vehicles with appropriately configured drives can then be refueled directly with hydrogen or the energy carrier, for example, using suitable refueling devices.

According to an alternative variant of the invention, even if, for example, excess energy is generated in the system, energy stored in the form of hydrogen or one of the aforementioned energy sources can be converted back into electricity, for example in the vicinity of a charging station, to supply electrically powered vehicles. This makes it possible to use the regenerative electrical energy generated in the system to supply both electrically powered vehicles and vehicles with hydrogen tanks or fuel cells, as well as vehicles fueled with methanol or methane.

According to a further optional variant of the invention, the system comprises at least one device for producing e-fuel from hydrogen generated in the system by means of renewable energy and optionally stored, as well as optionally devices for storing e-fuel and/or devices for delivering e-fuel to vehicles traveling along the route.

According to a preferred development of the invention, the system further comprises a control, monitoring and information system suitable for detecting current values, voltage values or stored current quantities and, if appropriate, further technical parameters and/or malfunctions in the system present in the system or individual subunits of the system that correspond to sections of the route and for displaying them via display means on the route and/or at the charging stations and/or in the vehicles.

Concrete embodiments of the present invention

• 1 eine schematisch vereinfachte Darstellung einer ersten beispielhaften Ausführungsvariante eines erfindungsgemäßen Systems;
• 2 eine schematisch vereinfachte Darstellung einer beispielhaften alternativen Ausführungsvariante eines erfindungsgemäßen Systems;
• 3 eine schematisch vereinfachte Darstellung eines Details der Ausführung eines beispielhaften erfindungsgemäßen Systems im Bereich einer Ladestation;
• 4 eine schematische Darstellung eines beispielhaften erfindungsgemäßen Systems, welches entlang eines Streckenabschnitts einer Fahrstrecke installiert ist;
• 5 eine detaillierte Darstellung der in 4 schematisch eingezeichneten Stromabgabeeinrichtung.

The present invention will be explained in more detail below using specific embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.

• 1 a schematically simplified representation of a first exemplary embodiment of a system according to the invention;
• 2 a schematically simplified representation of an exemplary alternative embodiment of a system according to the invention;
• 3 a schematically simplified representation of a detail of the embodiment of an exemplary system according to the invention in the area of a charging station;
• 4 a schematic representation of an exemplary system according to the invention, which is installed along a section of a route;
• 5 a detailed description of the 4 schematically drawn current output device.

In the following, with reference to the 1 a first possible embodiment of the present invention is explained in more detail. 1 shows a simplified schematic representation of an exemplary circuit diagram of a system according to the invention for generating renewable energy. As generators of renewable energy, the system comprises a plurality of wind turbines 10, 11, two of which are shown here as examples. These wind turbines 10 convert mechanical energy into electrical energy through the rotation of their wind-powered rotors. Frequency converters 13 are generally connected downstream of the generators 12, which convert the generated electricity to a standard grid frequency of, for example, 50 Hertz, so that three-phase current in the low-voltage range of, for example, 400 V can be fed into the system's power grid via lines 14, 15 and conducted to a transformer station 18. The lines 14, 15 of the individual wind turbines 10, 11 are generally connected to the grid via switches 16, 17 in the area of the transformer station 18, so that they can be individually switched on or off when there is a need for renewable energy in the system.

Furthermore, the system according to the invention generally comprises a larger number of photovoltaic systems 19, 20, 21, each with several module groups, of which three photovoltaic systems 19, 20, 21 are 1 are shown by way of example. These initially generate direct current, for example in a voltage range of approximately 200 V to approximately 800 V, which is fed into the power line system according to the invention via lines 22, 23, 24 and firstly fed to an inverter 25, by means of which the direct current is converted into a three-phase current in the low voltage range of, for example, approximately 400 V. A switch 26 is also generally arranged between the inverter 25 and the input side of the transformer station 18, so that the additional regenerative current generated by the photovoltaic systems 19, 20, 21 can be fed to the power grid as required. or can also disconnect these systems from the power grid.

The transformer station 18 or conversion station comprises a busbar 27, to which the lines 14, 15, which conduct the current from the wind turbines 10, 11 to the transformer station 18, can be connected via the switches 16, 17. Furthermore, the inverter 25 is connected to the busbar 27 via the line 28 and the switch 26, so that the current generated by the photovoltaic systems 19, 20, 21 on the low-voltage side, in particular as three-phase current at 400 volts, can also be fed into the busbar 27. The busbar 27 is connected on the output side via a switch 29 and the line 30 to the input side of a transformer 31. This converts the three-phase current fed in on the low-voltage side, for example, into an alternating current with a medium voltage in the range of 1 kV to 110, for example 10 kV to 20 kV, depending on the distance over which the current is to be transported, which can then be transmitted via line 32 to the next charging station 33.

The following is a simplified schematic representation of 2 an alternative embodiment of the invention is explained, wherein in 2 only a part of the system according to the invention is shown, which relates to the design of the wind turbines. There are a large number of wind turbines 10, 11, of which only two are shown as examples. 2 are shown. The generators 12 of the wind turbines 10, 11 are each connected downstream of rectifiers 34 in the power path from the generator to the consumer, via which rectifiers a direct current in a medium voltage range of, for example, approximately 1000 V or more is generated, which is then fed via lines 35 and 36 to a transformer station 18. The current generated by the photovoltaic systems 19 (not shown in detail here) is also fed to an inverter 25 of this transformer station 18. This direct current from all renewable generators is first converted via the inverter 25 into three-phase current of, for example, 400 volts and then transformed by the transformer 31 into alternating current with a medium voltage in the range of 1 kV to 110 kV, for example 10 to 20 kV, and thus fed with low losses via the line section to the next charging station 33 and, if applicable, to other consumers in the area of a rest stop or nearby buildings.

The following is based on the 3 An example of the design of a charging station 33 and rest area is explained in more detail. 3 shows as a schematic sketch some consumers in the area of a charging station 33, which is supplied with renewable energy, which for example in the system according to the description of the 1 or 2 by means of wind turbines and photovoltaic systems. As explained there, the electricity is preferably supplied with a medium voltage in the range of, for example, 10 kV to 20 kV from the generators 10, 11 to the charging stations 33. 1 The current is fed via the output line 32 shown at the top right to a busbar 37 located upstream of the charging station 33 on the input side, to which several of these 10 kV medium-voltage lines 32 can be connected. These could be, for example, lines 38 from the stations to the left of the track, lines 39 from the stations to the right of the track, and if necessary, further lines 40 for externally feeding in additional renewable electricity. Such external feeding into the system is useful, for example, if wind turbines or photovoltaic systems are already installed near the track that were installed before the system was set up and whose renewable electricity can be incorporated into the system's power grid. These lines 38, 39, and 40 leading to the busbar 37 are each connected to the busbar 37 via switches 41, 42, and 43, so that the individual lines can be connected to or disconnected from it as required.

From the medium-voltage busbar 37, a line 45, which can be disconnected via a switch 44, leads first to a transformer 46 or a transformer station, where the current is converted into a low-voltage three-phase current of, for example, 400 volts. The low-voltage output line 47, in turn, can be shut off via a switch 49 and leads from the transformer station 46 to another low-voltage busbar 48. This busbar 48 can be used to supply power to various consumers in the area of a charging station or in a nearby external area.

For example, a rectifier 51 can be separably connected to this busbar 48 via a switch 50, which rectifier generates direct current to supply one or more batteries 52, so that regeneratively generated electricity that is not immediately consumed can be stored in the batteries 52. If necessary, electricity stored in the batteries 52 can be taken and converted via an inverter 53 into three-phase current with, for example, 400 volts and fed via the switch 54 to the busbar 48. Rail 48 is connected to various consumers to which the renewable electricity generated in the system can be supplied. Examples include 3 a charging station 56 and two additional consumers are shown, which can be supplied with three-phase current of, for example, 400 volts via the busbar. The lines to the various consumers can usually be separated from the system's power grid via switches. For example, a charging station 56, at which vehicles can charge their batteries, is connected via switch 55. Additional consumers can draw power from the busbar via any number of additional lines and additional switches, whereby 3 For the sake of simplicity, only two further consumers are shown as examples. These receive power via switch 57 and line 58 or via switch 59 and line 60, whereby the consumers are each connected to one another via lines 58, 60 and also to the charging station 56 in parallel to the busbar 48. The consumers can be, for example, facilities in the area of the charging station 56, such as a petrol station or service area, or infrastructure facilities along the motorway route, such as illuminated signs, electronic traffic control systems, or the like, or even individual buildings, settlements, industrial sites that are located near the route, a transformer station 46, or a charging station 56 and can thus be supplied with renewable energy via the power line network of the system according to the invention at a reasonable cost.

The following is based on the 4 A further diagram of a system according to the invention for generating renewable electrical energy and transmitting it via a self-sufficient power grid to the various consumers is explained in more detail. Various wind turbines 10 that generate renewable electricity, photovoltaic systems 19, and optionally other power generators 61 that generate renewable electricity in other ways, for example bio-power plants, geothermal power plants, or the like, are connected via lines 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67 to a power treatment station 68, in which the generated electricity is converted into alternating current with medium or high voltage in the range of, for example, 1 kV to 110 kV and a frequency of, for example, 50 Hz or 60 Hz, which is transmitted as "transport current" referred to herein via a line 69 of the self-sufficient power grid over a distance of, for example, up to 25 km to a charging station 56. When photovoltaic systems are used as generators, the direct current they generate must first be converted into alternating current by inverters before being fed into line 69 for transmission power. The electricity generated by wind turbines is usually first adjusted to the desired frequency at which the transmission power is transmitted.

The line 69 for the transport current leads to a power treatment station 70 in the area of the charging station 56 (not shown in the diagram here), which contains transformers 31 and, if necessary, inverters or rectifiers, so that the high-voltage alternating current can be stepped down and converted into lower-voltage alternating current or into direct current in order to supply vehicles or other consumers with direct current or alternating current of a suitable voltage, for example, with a mains voltage of 220 volts, 400 volts, or 800 volts, as needed. Since it may happen that the power cannot be taken from the charging station 56, a buffer device 71 is preferably provided, in which power can either be stored in batteries or accumulators or which is suitable as an electrolysis device for generating hydrogen, which can then be stored, for example, in a tank. Alternatively, redox flow storage devices, for example, can also be used for storing power in the buffer device 71.

The current delivery device 72 then follows downstream in the line path, which 4 is only simplified by a symbol. The electricity can be supplied to various vehicles such as cars 73, electric buses 74, trucks 75, rail vehicles 76, motorcycles 77, energy storage units, and other domestic or industrial consumers, with the electricity being made available for supply in a suitable form (direct current, alternating current, different voltages).

You can see in 4 Another exemplary variant of the system, in which, via a line 88 which flows into line 69, further generators 89 of renewable energy, which are installed at other locations, for example in another section of the autonomous power line network, feed electricity into the system, whereby this electricity is also conditioned, if necessary, in a power treatment station 90 so that it has the same properties in terms of its voltage etc. as the electricity flowing through line 69.

Furthermore, one can see in 4 that the buffer device 71 can be integrated into the line network via a bypass line, for example line 67, so that it is possible to either temporarily store electricity in the buffer device 71 or alternatively to supply the electricity directly from the Power treatment station 70 without buffering via lines 65, 66 to the power output device 72.

The current output device 72 is described below using the detailed illustration of 5 This drawing shows the various devices through which electricity can be supplied or stored and which are shown in the diagram according to 4 summarized in the symbol 72. These are, for example, an electrolysis device 78, by means of which hydrogen can be generated, which can then be stored in a hydrogen tank 79. This makes it possible to supply the hydrogen stored there, for example, to vehicles equipped with a fuel cell 81 and thus electrically powered. Alternatively, the hydrogen from the tank 79 can also be fed to a hydrogen filling pump 80 and thus supplied directly to hydrogen-powered vehicles.

Furthermore, electricity can be stored in batteries 82, which can consist of individual, smaller modules standardized in size and design, which can then be combined to form larger batteries or accumulators. Furthermore, charging stations 83 can be provided, possibly with different properties such as rapid charging stations and slow charging stations. Finally, battery exchange stations 84 can be provided so that the vehicles do not have to spend any charging time at the charging station, but the vehicle's battery can simply be exchanged there. Furthermore, rail vehicles can be charged with renewable electricity from the system via overhead lines 85, which, for example, provide electricity at a voltage of 15 kV. Inductive charging is also possible via corresponding devices 86, which can be arranged in the track. Finally, conductor rails 87 can serve as power delivery devices 72, which are arranged, for example, in the track and enable the charging of vehicles with a voltage of 750 volts.

List of reference symbols

10

first wind turbine

11

another wind turbine

12

generator

13

Frequency converter

14

Three-phase current line

15

Three-phase current line

16

Switch

17

Switch

18

transformer station

19

first photovoltaic system

20

second photovoltaic system

21

third photovoltaic system

22

Line

23

Line

24

Line

25

Inverter

26

Switch

27

busbar

28

Line

29

Switch

30

Line

31

transformer

32

Line

33

Charging station

34

Rectifier

35

Line

36

Line

37

busbar

38

Line

39

Line

40

Line for external feed

41

Switch

42

Switch

43

Switch

44

Switch

45

Line

46

transformer station

47

Output line

48

low-voltage busbar

49

Switch

50

Switch

51

Rectifier

52

battery

53

Inverter

54

Switch

55

Switch

56

Charging station

57

Switch

58

Line

59

Switch

60

Line

61

other power generators

62

Line

63

Line

64

Line

65

Line

66

Line

67

Line

68

Current treatment station

69

Line for transport stream

70

Current treatment station

71

Buffer device

72

Power supply device

73

Cars

74

Electric buses

75

trucks

76

Rail vehicles

77

Motorcycles

78

Electrolysis device

79

hydrogen tank

80

Hydrogen pump

81

fuel cell

82

Batteries as power storage

83

Charging station

84

Battery exchange station

85

overhead line

86

Induction in roadway

87

Busbar

88

Line

89

renewable producers

90

Current treatment station

QUOTES CONTAINED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of documents submitted by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the convenience of the reader. This list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• EP 3 659 854 A1 [0002]
• DE 20 2011 100 046 U1 [0003]
• US 2018/0254736 A1 [0007]
• US 2021/0126574 A1 [0007]

Claims (19)

System for generating renewable electrical energy and supplying a plurality of consumers, comprising: at least one wind turbine (10, 11) and/or at least one photovoltaic system (19, 20, 21) as a generator of renewable electrical energy, wherein the system is designed to supply a plurality of electric motor- or hydrogen-powered vehicles as consumers with electrical energy and/or hydrogen; at least one charging station, preferably a plurality of charging stations (33), which are arranged at a distance from one another on a route or, in the case of several charging stations, along a route that can be traveled by the vehicles, wherein the charging stations (33) are suitable for supplying the vehicles with electrical energy and/or with hydrogen, wherein the system further comprises a self-sufficient power line network which is electrically connected to the charging stations (33) and which is fed, optionally exclusively, with the regenerative electrical energy generated by the wind turbines (10, 11) and/or photovoltaic systems, characterized in that the system according to the invention further comprises at least one power treatment station, in particular a transformer station (18) or at least one transformer (31), wherein the system is designed to convert the direct current generated by at least one photovoltaic system (20, 21) and/or the direct current or alternating current generated by at least one wind turbine into a three-phase alternating current in the medium-voltage range or high-voltage range and to distribute it in the self-sufficient power line network via to conduct a longer distance from beyond the power treatment station, in particular beyond the at least one transformer (31) or the at least one transformer station (18) to a charging station (33, 56) as alternating current in the medium voltage range or high voltage range. System according to Claim 1 , characterized in that photovoltaic systems and/or wind power plants (10, 11) which are connected to the autonomous power line network of the system are installed in the vicinity of the route, in particular in rows on a verge next to a carriageway and/or on the central reservation between two carriageways. System according to one of the Claims 1 or 2 , characterized in that at least one charging station (33, 56) is arranged in the area of at least one rest area or parking lot arranged on the route. System according to one of the Claims 1 until 3 , characterized in that in the area of at least one charging station (33, 56) at least one power storage device (52) is provided, suitable for storing excess regenerative electrical energy generated in the system. System according to one of the Claims 1 until 4 , characterized in that in the line path from the generator to the consumer, in front of a charging station (33, 56), at least one transformer (46) or a transformer station is arranged, by means of which an alternating current in the medium-voltage range or high-voltage range can be converted into a three-phase alternating current in the low-voltage range. System according to one of the Claims 1 until 5 , characterized in that a charging station (33, 56) comprises at least one charging column for charging vehicle batteries, wherein preferably at least one further consumer, in the area of the charging station (33, 56) or remote from the charging station, is supplied by the power line network into which the regeneratively generated energy is fed. System according to one of the Claims 1 until 6 , characterized in that in the area of a charging station (33, 56), preferably in the area of a line leading to a charging column or in a charging column, at least one rectifier (51) is provided, designed to convert alternating current supplied by the power line network, preferably alternating current in the low-voltage range, into direct current suitable for charging batteries. System according to one of the Claims 1 until 7 , characterized in that in the line path from the generator, in particular from at least one wind turbine (10, 11), to the consumer, at least one power treatment station (70) is arranged, set up to convert the electrical energy generated by the wind turbine (10, 11) into an alternating current in the medium voltage range or high voltage range of 1 kV to 110 kV, preferably in a voltage range of at least about 10 kV to about 20 kV, in particular at least about 1000 V, wherein the power line network in the line path from the generator to the consumer beyond this power treatment station (70) up to preferably the nearest charging station (33) is designed to conduct alternating current in this medium voltage range or high voltage range. System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the system is arranged to generate rain to store relative electrical energy in power storage devices (52) which are designed as rechargeable batteries and can be interchangeably installed in the electric motor-driven vehicles. System according to Claim 9 , characterized in that the rechargeable power storage devices (52) comprise one or more storage modules, wherein a plurality of these storage modules can be combined to form a power storage device and can preferably be electrically connected to one another. System according to one of the Claims 9 or 10 , characterized in that the rechargeable power storage devices (52) are designed in such a way that the same power storage devices (52) are suitable for installation in electric motor-driven vehicles of different types and/or different designs and/or different sizes, in particular in road vehicles such as passenger cars, trucks or buses, in rail vehicles, watercraft or aircraft. System according to one of the Claims 9 or 10 , characterized in that the rechargeable power storage devices (52) are designed in such a way that they are suitable as power storage devices for the electrical supply of buildings or industrial plants. System according to one of the Claims 9 until 12 , characterized in that the power storage devices (52) and/or the storage modules which are combined to form the power storage devices are standardized with regard to their dimensions and/or their electrical power and/or their electrical connections. System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises at least one device for the electrolytic production of hydrogen by means of regenerative electrical energy generated in the system and at least one device for storing hydrogen, for example a hydrogen tank or a metal hybrid storage device. System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that this means for converting electrolytically produced hydrogen by chemical reaction into another energy carrier and at least one device for storing this other energy carrier in liquid form, optionally under pressure or as a gas, wherein the storage device in particular comprises at least one tank and as the other energy carrier in particular one or more energy-rich compounds from the group comprising methane, LPG, methanol, ethanol or ammonia is provided. System according to one of the Claims 14 or 15 , characterized in that it comprises at least one pipeline for the transport of hydrogen or the energy carrier from the place of production to a charging station and the charging station has suitable devices for directly refueling vehicles with appropriately designed drives with hydrogen or the energy carrier. System according to one of the Claims 14 until 16 , characterized in that it comprises at least one suitable device provided in the area of a charging station in order to convert energy stored in the form of hydrogen or one of the other energy sources, in the event of excess energy being generated in the system, back into electricity via the device, suitable for supplying electrically powered vehicles with electricity. System according to one of the Claims 14 until 17 , characterized in that it comprises at least one device for producing e-fuel from hydrogen generated in the system by means of renewable energy and optionally stored, as well as optionally devices for storing e-fuel and/or devices for delivering e-fuel to vehicles traveling along the route. System according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising a control, monitoring and information system, suitable for detecting current values, voltage values or stored current quantities and, if appropriate, further technical parameters and/or malfunctions in the system in the system or individual subunits of the system which correspond to sections of the route and for displaying them via display means on the route and/or at the charging stations and/or in the vehicles.

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