DE102023203727A1 - Method and arrangement comprising a non-uniform thickness of a fiber material layer in a reversal zone of fiber deposition - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an arrangement (32) and a method for producing an arrangement (32) with at least one fiber material layer (10) and a component (26), the method comprising:
- depositing a fiber material with at least one fiber on the component (26) to form at least a first fiber material layer (10), comprising:
• depositing several sections (12) of the fiber material along a longitudinal axis (L) of the component (26) into a reversal zone (16); and
• Changing the laying direction of a respective section (12) within the reversal zone (16) to lead a respective section (12) out of the reversal zone (16); wherein the sections (12) in the reversal zone (16) each have at least one axially outermost point (18) and the axial positions of the axially outermost points (18) of at least some of the fiber material sections (12) are different from one another, so that the first fiber material layer (10) within the reversal zone (16) has:
a) a non-uniform thickness; and/or a non-uniform axial extent.
The non-uniform thickness provides an opportunity to create positive connections with the component. This enables a mechanical connection between the fiber material layer and the component. However, an external thickness of a resulting arrangement of the fiber material layer and the connected component can be uniform. The thickness of the fiber material layer outside the reversal zone can also be uniform.

Description

The invention relates to a method for producing an arrangement comprising at least one fiber material layer and a component. The invention also relates to such an arrangement. The fiber material layer generally has a non-uniform thickness, in particular in order to form a resulting arrangement with a uniform thickness when connected to a component (e.g. an adapter).

The manufacture of components from hardening fiber-reinforced materials is known. It is also known to manufacture components that include both corresponding fiber-reinforced materials and non-fiber-reinforced materials or already hardened fiber-reinforced materials. For example, fiber-reinforced materials in the form of wound structures or general fiber composite structures can be connected to a dimensionally stable component, e.g. made of a different type of material. This component is also referred to below as a connecting component.

In addition to the process-technical challenge of producing such a connection, this connection should also be able to reliably withstand the expected load cases (e.g. torsion, tension/compression and/or bending).

Previous solutions exist in the form of such connections being made by separately producing the connecting component and the fiber composite structure and then joining these parts. The joining can be done using adhesive, bolt or screw connections, for example. The disadvantage of this type of production is that the joint has to be prepared in a complex way, for example by machining. The preparation damages the load-bearing fibers and makes it difficult to provide the energy and/or signal-carrying cables described below.

The connection can also be created in the same process step as the production of the fiber composite structure. The connection component is directly enclosed by the fiber material of the fiber composite structure, for example in a pultrusion, winding or braiding process. The fiber material can be impregnated with hardening plastic immediately or afterwards.

A connection with a positive force transmission between a wound fiber composite structure and a connecting component is described in the AT 505 512 A1 disclosed. An outer surface of a wound fiber composite structure forms a surface of the connecting component, which has raised form-fitting elements engaging in the fiber composite structure. The fiber composite structure is therefore thickened in an area connected to the connecting component compared to other areas without a connection to the connecting component.

It has been shown that the known solutions only allow for limited power transmission. They are also only partially compatible with the partially desired insertion of energy and/or signal-carrying cables or components, particularly due to the required post-processing processes. The post-processing processes can also further reduce the power transmission capacity by cutting through individual fibers.

The present invention is therefore directed to the task of improving the connection of fiber composite structures with other components, in particular with regard to reduced manufacturing costs, reliable power transmission and an optionally desired introduction of energy and/or signal-carrying lines or components.

This object is achieved by the subject matter of the independent claims. Advantageous further developments are defined in the dependent claims, in this description and in the figures.

According to the invention, it was recognized that the solution of the AT 505 512 A1 or alternatively conceivable adhesive bonds introduce forces into the fiber composite structure predominantly via an interface running parallel to the fiber layer. Due to the laminar structure of the fiber-reinforced material, this means an inhomogeneous or uneven introduction of force, which promotes the occurrence of defects, in particular delaminations.

In principle, one approach to enabling a more continuous introduction of force could be to produce a shanked connection. However, the manufacturing processes known to date require destructive preparation of the surface (in order to form an adhesive surface). The alternative production of a shanked connection by external application of fiber rovings, such as winding, to a shanked surface results in a thickening of the outer contour. This results from the constant layer thickness of the fiber-reinforced material in addition to the thickness of the connecting element. This thickening may also have to be removed using a destructive process. This can in turn cut fibers, which are therefore no longer available for force transmission. are available, or any power or signal lines can be severed.

Another problem was identified, particularly with a connection according to AT 505 512 A1 recognized that there is a winding path or an anchoring of the deposited fibers behind a winding core or behind the rows of pins, whereby these fibers must be removed as part of a post-processing process. Usually, the fibers are deposited to such an extent that they anchor themselves behind the winding core or the rows of pins by means of a form fit with a reduced cross-section or the rows of pins (in particular by forming an undercut). After the winding process has been completed, the fibers must be separated, cut or sawn at the end of the winding core or behind the rows of pins in order to demold the winding core.

It is also possible to produce a reversal zone without rows of pins by taking advantage of the friction between the fibers and the winding core. However, due to the limited friction, long reversal areas are necessary, which also have to be separated after the fiber composite structure has hardened.

It was recognized that the separating post-processing methods described above can disrupt the force flow lines of the fibers and/or sever any signal or energy-carrying cables. These approaches are therefore also unsuitable for solving the problem at hand.

• - Ablegen eines Fasermaterials mit wenigstens einer Faser auf das Bauteil unter Ausbilden zumindest einer ersten Fasermaterialschicht.

Instead, according to the invention, a method for producing an arrangement comprising at least one fiber material layer and a component is proposed, the method comprising:

• - Depositing a fiber material with at least one fiber onto the component to form at least a first fiber material layer.

• • Ablegen von mehreren Abschnitten das Fasermaterials jeweils entlang einer Längsachse des Bauteils in eine Umkehrzone hinein; und
• • Ändern der Ablegerichtung eines jeweiligen Abschnitts innerhalb der Umkehrzone zum Herausführen eines jeweiligen Abschnitts aus der Umkehrzone.

The filing includes the following:

• • Depositing several sections of the fiber material along a longitudinal axis of the component into a reversal zone; and
• • Changing the laying direction of a respective section within the reversal zone to lead a respective section out of the reversal zone.

1. a) eine uneinheitliche Dicke; und/oder
2. b) eine uneinheitliche axiale Erstreckung auf.

Furthermore, the sections in the reversal zone each have at least one axially outermost point and the axial positions of the axially outermost points of at least some of the fiber material sections are different from one another (e.g. by several millimeters, at least one fiber/roving width, in particular by more than 10 mm or more than 20 mm). The first fiber material layer therefore has within the reversal zone:

1. a) a non-uniform thickness; and/or
2. b) a non-uniform axial extension.

In other words, the invention provides for defining shape features of the reversal zone by means of a varying axial extension of fiber material sections guided into the reversal zone (and out of it again), which in particular enable a positive connection with the component. For example, the shape features can promote or form positive connections with the component, in particular in the axial direction and/or in the circumferential direction. This enables a force introduction that is not exclusively laminar and is particularly advantageous for the transmission of torsional forces.

The solution disclosed here is also advantageous in that no or only very little rework is required to produce these shape features. As explained below, the shape features can be, for example, locally limited thickenings (e.g. in the form of radial steps) or areas that remain free within the reversal zone.

The thickness of the fibrous material layer may refer to a radial dimension of the layer and/or be measured in a radial direction. The non-uniform thickness provides spaces and/or forms distinctions or protrusions by means of which positive locking of the type disclosed herein is enabled.

The non-uniform axial extension can mean that an axial end (in particular an axial end face) of the fiber material layer is not located in a single circumferential plane and/or is interrupted at least in sections in a circumferential direction. This can also be used to define contours that enable a positive connection with the component that is advantageous for force transmission.

Each or at least a majority of the sections guided into the reversal zone can cross at least one further section of the fiber material within the reversal zone. In other words, the sections can cross at least one further section of the fiber material along their deposition path in the reversal zone. However, there can also be areas in the reversal zone in which only one section of the fiber material is present without crossing another section. The number of other sections crossed and/or a distance between individual crossing points, as defined in each case by the axial extension of a fiber material section within the reversal zone can define a local thickness and in particular a non-uniform thickness variation in the reversal zone.

The fiber material sections can also differ in terms of the type of direction change within the reversal zone. For example, the angle of the direction change can be different or at least individual sections can be initially laid down over an individual distance in a circumferential direction before being led out of the reversal zone.

The method disclosed here can be used to produce rotationally symmetrical fiber material layers in particular, but this is not mandatory. Instead, non-rotationally symmetrical cross-sectional shapes, for example rectangular cross-sectional shapes, can also be produced. Two-dimensional or planar fiber material layers can also be produced and connected to a component, e.g. along a correspondingly two-dimensional or planar connection region. Terms used herein such as radial, axial and in the circumferential direction can refer to the longitudinal axis of the component. A radial direction corresponds to a direction at an (in particular orthogonal) angle to the longitudinal axis, an axial direction to a direction that coincides with the longitudinal axis, and a circumferential direction to a direction running around the longitudinal axis. Neither references to a radial direction nor to a circumferential direction exclude rotationally symmetrical shapes. A radial direction can also be provided in a planar configuration and there correspond, for example, to a thickness transverse to a plane of the planar extension.

The laying down of fiber material sections along the longitudinal axis (or general extensions or courses along the longitudinal axis) can be understood to mean that a direction under consideration is non-orthogonal and in particular at an angle x of -90° < x <90° to the longitudinal axis and/or that a direction under consideration includes a vector component other than zero that runs parallel to the longitudinal axis. Consequently, such a direction does not necessarily have to coincide with the longitudinal axis or extend parallel to it, but this can also be provided.

In particular, this may include laying down fiber material sections by winding, wherein the sections are wound around and along the longitudinal axis.

Accordingly, the deposition of the fiber material sections can comprise winding. Alternatively, the deposition can comprise, for example, TFP (Tailored Fiber Placement) or AFP (Automated Fiber Placement) processes or can be carried out according to such processes.

The fiber material can be impregnated in a manner known per se before it is laid down or can be impregnated after it has been laid down. In all of the embodiments disclosed here, the fiber material can harden after it has been laid down. The component can, however, be inherently dimensionally stable.

The component is preferably not made from a fiber material (or at most from a fiber material that has already hardened). For example, the component can be a metal component or a plastic component.

The fiber material can comprise one or more fibers. According to one embodiment, several sections of the fiber material can be comprised of at least one common roving or of one common fiber. This common roving or this common fiber can therefore be continuous and can be guided into and out of the reversal zone several times to form the multiple sections. This can reduce the number of interrupted fibers and thus improve the force transmission capability.

A further development provides that the fiber material layer is essentially flat on its outside facing away from the component and/or has a substantially homogeneous waviness, in particular in the circumferential direction. It is understood that the degree of flatness can vary depending on the deposition method used. For example, due to process-related relative arrangements of adjacent (for example wound) fiber material sections, the flatness can deviate from complete and/or ideal flatness. In particular, however, the fiber material layer can be more flat on the outside than on the inside (at least in the reversal zone). The flatness can be defined, for example, as a radial height or thickness profile of the surface on the outside and/or inside. Furthermore, in particular, the maximum possible flatness can be process-related with the selected deposition method on the outside, but on the inside and at least in the reversal zone, the flatness can be significantly lower.

Furthermore, additionally or alternatively, the fiber material layer can have a homogeneous waviness (in particular in the circumferential direction) at least on the outside, on the inside and at least At least in the reversal zone, however, there is less or even non-homogeneous waviness.

This prevents the fiber material layer from becoming thicker on the outside, but still allows for positive locking with the component on the inside. Consequently, the non-uniform thickness of the fiber material layer in the reversal zone can be formed predominantly or completely by corresponding thickness variations on the inside of the fiber material layer.

According to a further embodiment, the fiber material layer has uniform external dimensions (and/or a uniform external cross-sectional shape). This can apply in particular to areas within the reversal zone as well as areas outside the reversal zone. This also expresses the fact that external thickening of the fiber material layer can be specifically prevented with the solution presented here.

According to one embodiment, the fiber material layer has an uneven inner side facing the component due to the non-uniform thicknesses (in particular at least in the reversal zone), wherein an outer side of the component facing the fiber material layer is shaped at least in sections to be complementary to the fiber material layer inner side. In particular, the outer side of the component can be adapted from the outset by casting, milling, 3D printing or similar to a thickness variation and/or non-uniform axial extension of the fiber material layer deliberately created by the deposition process in order to form a form fit with the fiber material layer that is as free of play as possible. This improves force transmission between the fiber material layer and the component and thus strengthens the mechanical connection of these components.

In a further embodiment, the method comprises the above option a) and the non-uniform thickness defines at least one step on an inner side of the fiber material layer, which forms a positive connection with the component. This step can be a radial step and/or protrude radially inwards as a projection that locally increases the thickness. The component can have a local contour or shape (in particular a radial recess) that can at least partially accommodate this step and/or can rest against it at least in sections. This positive connection can in particular oppose an axial relative movement and/or a relative movement in the circumferential direction of the fiber material layer and the component. Consequently, reliable force transmission in the axial direction and/or in the circumferential direction can be achieved.

Additionally or alternatively, the method may comprise option b) above and the fiber material layer may comprise at least one axially recessed region which accommodates a radially raised region of the component. The axially recessed region may form an axial recess in an axial end portion of the fiber material layer. This axial recess or this axially recessed region may extend in a defined circumferential portion, which may be less than 360° (for example 90° or less).

The radially raised region of the component can be shaped to correspond to the axially recessed region. For example, the radially raised region can protrude axially from adjacent component regions and/or form an axially outermost region at the corresponding radial height of the component.

By means of such an engagement between the axially recessed region of the fiber material layer and the radially raised region of the component, a stable positive connection can be produced, which enables reliable force transmission, in particular in the axial direction and/or in the circumferential direction.

According to a further aspect, a thickness of the fiber material layer within the reversal zone varies by up to +/- 100% compared to a thickness of the fiber material layer outside the reversal zone. Additionally or alternatively, the thickness of the fiber material layer within the reversal zone can vary by up to +/- 100% compared to an average thickness of the fiber material layer within the reversal zone. This average thickness can correspond to a thickness of the fiber material layer outside the reversal zones. The thickness variation within the reversal zone can define significant thickness fluctuations within the fiber material layer. In particular, this thickness variation can exceed a process-related (for example due to winding) slight local thickness fluctuation, for example in the form of a homogeneous surface waviness, for example by at least five times or at least ten times.

A thickness variation of -100% compared to the thickness outside the reversal zones can be equivalent to a definition of local holes or breakthroughs within the fiber material layer in the reversal zone (ie a thickness of 0 mm or 0% of a reference thickness). This can be provided in order to embed optionally available rows of pins, as known from the prior art, on an outer surface of the component between the fiber material sections and/or to wrap them around them or to optionally to embed radially raised areas of the component in a form-fitting manner between the fiber material sections.

Accordingly, within the scope of this disclosure, it can generally be provided that the fiber material layer is penetrated at least locally by an underlying structure of the component (e.g. by at least one row of pins or a thickening, for example made of metal triangles).

• - Herstellen wenigstens einer zweiten Fasermaterialschicht durch Ablegen eines Fasermaterials auf die erste Fasermaterialschicht, umfassend:
  • • Ablegen von mehreren zweiten Abschnitten das Fasermaterials jeweils entlang einer Längsachse des Bauteils in eine zweite Umkehrzone der zweiten Fasermaterialschicht hinein; und
  • • Ändern der Ablegerichtung eines jeweiligen zweiten Abschnitts innerhalb der zweiten Umkehrzone und Herausführen eines jeweiligen zweiten Abschnitts aus der zweiten Umkehrzone.

A further aspect provides that the method further comprises:

• - Producing at least a second fiber material layer by depositing a fiber material on the first fiber material layer, comprising:
  • • Depositing a plurality of second sections of the fiber material along a longitudinal axis of the component into a second reversal zone of the second fiber material layer; and
  • • Changing the laying direction of a respective second section within the second reversal zone and leading a respective second section out of the second reversal zone.

The first and the second reversal zone can lie on a common side with respect to an axial center of the second fiber material layer (and/or the first fiber material layer and/or the component).

1. a) eine uneinheitliche Dicke; und/oder
2. b) eine uneinheitliche axiale Erstreckung,

wobei zumindest ein Teil der zweiten Umkehrzone axial beabstandet von der Umkehrzone der ersten Fasermaterialschicht ist.Furthermore, the second sections in the second reversal zone may each have at least one axially outermost point and the axial positions of the axially outermost points of at least some of the second fiber material sections may be different from each other, so that the second fiber material layer within the second reversal zone has:

1. a) a non-uniform thickness; and/or
2. b) a non-uniform axial extension,

wherein at least a portion of the second reversal zone is axially spaced from the reversal zone of the first fiber material layer.

In a manner known per se, fibers that are laid down along a component can form a fiber material layer with a first axial end and a second axial end. Each axial end comprises a reversal zone, so that two reversal zones can be present per fiber material layer. According to the above embodiment, however, those reversal zones of two adjacent or superimposed fiber material layers are considered that are located on a common side in relation to an axial center. The respective reversal zones on the other (not considered) side of the axial center can optionally be designed in the same way as or differently from the embodiment described here.

The second fiber material layer can in principle be designed according to any of the variants described with respect to the first fiber material layer. In particular, the second fiber material layer can also form at least one positive connection between its second reversal zone and the component according to any of the variants described herein in order to improve the reliability and extent of force transmission between the fiber material layer and the component.

The solution presented here enables the first fiber material layer in particular to form an effective form fit with the component without any radial thickening in its reversal zone. Due to the limited or non-existent radial thickening, the second fiber material layer can be deposited directly and with little effort on the first fiber material layer.

In this context, it can be provided in particular that an average radial dimension (in particular a diameter) of the component in the region of the first reversal zone is smaller than in the region of the second reversal zone. This enables the second fiber material layer to be deposited on the component with a substantially constant diameter (possibly with the exception of the second reversal zone). For example, the radial dimension of the component in the region of the second reversal zone can correspond substantially and/or at least in sections to an outer diameter of the first fiber material layer.

• - Anordnen einer Komponente, die eingerichtet ist, (z.B. optische oder elektrische) Signale zu empfangen und/oder zu senden; und/oder die eingerichtet ist, (z.B. elektrische oder fluidische) Energie zu empfangen und/oder zu senden, in oder an der ersten Fasermaterialschicht und/oder in oder an einer zweiten Fasermaterialschicht gemäß der vorstehend geschilderten Ausführungsform. Die Komponente kann insbesondere eine Sensorkomponente sein.

A further development of the procedure provides for the following:

• - Arranging a component that is configured to receive and/or transmit (eg optical or electrical) signals; and/or that is configured to receive and/or transmit (eg electrical or fluidic) energy, in or on the first fiber material layer and/or in or on a second fiber material layer according to the embodiment described above. The component can in particular be a sensor component.

• - Anordnen wenigstens eines Abschnitts einer signalführenden und/oder energieführenden und/oder fluidführenden Leitung in oder an der ersten Fasermaterialschicht und/oder in oder an einer zweiten Fasermaterialschicht gemäß der vorstehend geschilderten Ausführungsform. Diese Leitung kann an der vorstehenden Komponente angeschlossen oder anschließbar sein. Das geführte Signal kann zum Beispiel elektrisch oder optisch sein. Die geführte Energie kann bspw. fluidisch (d.h. hydraulisch oder pneumatisch) oder elektromagnetisch sein.

Alternatively or additionally, the procedure may provide for the following:

• - Arranging at least one section of a signal-carrying and/or energy-carrying and/or fluid-carrying line in or on the first fiber material layer and/or in or on a second fiber material layer according to the embodiment described above. This line can be connected or connectable to the above component. The guided signal can be electrical or optical, for example. The guided energy can be fluidic (ie hydraulic or pneumatic) or electromagnetic, for example.

Alternatively or additionally, in both of the above-described developments relating to the arrangement of a component or a line, it can be provided that these are arranged on a section of the component on which the fiber material sections of at least the first fiber material layer are deposited. In other words, the component or the line can thus be positioned radially between the fiber material layer and the component, and in particular can be wrapped around by the fiber material layer. It is understood that when the component or the line is arranged on an outer side of the first fiber material layer produced, the second fiber material layer can be deposited on at least one section of the component or the line and in particular can wrap around it.

1. a) eine uneinheitliche Dicke; und/oder
2. b) eine uneinheitliche axiale Erstreckung.

The invention also relates to an arrangement (e.g. a drive shaft) comprising at least one fiber material layer and a component, wherein the fiber material layer is formed by depositing a fiber material with at least one fiber on the component and comprises a plurality of sections, each of which is guided along a longitudinal axis of the component into a reversal zone; wherein the deposition direction of a respective section changes within the reversal zone and a respective section is guided out of the reversal zone; wherein the sections in the reversal zone each have at least one axially outermost point and the axial positions of the axially outermost points of at least some of the fiber material sections are different from one another, so that the first fiber material layer within the reversal zone has:

1. a) a non-uniform thickness; and/or
2. b) a non-uniform axial extension.

The arrangement can be manufactured using a method according to any variant described herein, so that all variants and further developments of the method can also apply to the arrangement.

• 1 zeigt Ablegepfade von Fasermaterialabschnitten gemäß einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel eines Verfahrens und einer Anordnung;
• 2 zeigt ein weiteres Diagramm zum Erläutern der Ablegepfade aus 1 und daraus resultierender Dickenvariationen;
• 3 zeigt ein Bauteil einer Anordnung gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel;
• 4 zeigt ein Bauteil einer Anordnung gemäß einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel.

Embodiments of the invention are explained below with reference to the attached schematic figures. The same reference numerals can be used for similar or similarly effective features across the figures. The figures describe various aspects of methods according to the invention and of inventive arrangements produced thereby. It is understood that explanations in a method context can also apply to an inventive arrangement, and vice versa.

• 1 shows deposition paths of fiber material sections according to a first embodiment of a method and an arrangement;
• 2 shows another diagram to explain the drop paths from 1 and resulting thickness variations;
• 3 shows a component of an arrangement according to an embodiment;
• 4 shows a component of an arrangement according to a further embodiment.

1 shows schematically a fiber material layer 10, represented by the spatial extension of linearly depicted deposition paths of several fiber material sections 12. Not shown is a component on which this fiber material layer 10 is deposited and hardens. However, an example of such a component is shown below using 3 and 4 explained.

In the example shown, the fiber material layer 10 is tubular or, in other words, hollow-cylindrical and extends with an optional circular cross-section along and around a longitudinal axis L. The fiber material layer 10 is produced by winding a fiber material onto the component (not shown), the fiber material being wound in sections along the longitudinal axis L and thus laid down. In a manner known per se, individual fiber material sections 12 intersect one another.

The fiber material layer 10 has two axial ends, one of which is 1 Another is facing away from the axial end shown and, if shown, would be in 1 below the end shown.

The individual sections 12 of the fiber material are each laid down with a defined course and/or a defined orientation within a central zone 14 and guided in the direction of one of the axial ends. When they reach the corresponding axial end, a change in direction takes place such that the respective section 12 can be guided again in the direction of the other axial end. This can by a bend, a continuous curvature or by any other change in course or direction, without the solution disclosed here being limited to one of these variants.

The area at an axial end of the fiber material layer 10 in which such a change in direction occurs is generally referred to as the reversal zone 16. In conventional fiber deposition processes, all sections 12 are reversed at the same axial position and/or the individual fiber sections are anchored at the axial end without reversing the direction.

In contrast, in the embodiment of 1 It is provided that the axial outermost positions 18 of individual fiber material sections 12 reversing in the reversal zone 16 vary. In 1 selected axially outermost positions 18 of individual fiber material sections 12 are marked.

In addition, some of the fiber material sections 18 bend immediately in an opposite direction along the longitudinal axis L when they reach their axially outermost position 18, as shown for one of the fiber material sections 16 at an exemplary position 20. Other fiber material sections 12, on the other hand, cannot bend immediately in an opposite direction, but can initially be guided with a certain length in the circumferential direction, as also shown for an exemplary position 22.

The presence of different axial extensions within the reversal zone 16, as well as the different extent of the change in direction of the individual fiber material sections 12, lead to a locally varying thickness. This also varies the local number of intersecting or superimposed fiber material sections 12. This leads to a (radial) thickness of the fiber material layer 10 within the reversal zone 16 that varies inhomogeneously both in the axial direction and in the circumferential direction. In contrast, a thickness within the central zone 14 is essentially constant or any thickness variations are significantly more homogeneous and/or significantly smaller in magnitude than within the reversal zone 16.

Furthermore, one can see in 1 that the fiber material layer 10 is partially interrupted in the circumferential direction within the reversal zone 16 and in particular does not have an end (or corresponding end face) lying in a common circumferential plane, wherein this circumferential plane extends orthogonally to the longitudinal axis L. Instead, the reversal zone 16 is axially stepped or, in other words, axially incised.

In 1 By way of example, regions 24 remaining free in the circumferential direction and axial direction are shown, which have a significant size (for example, extend over a circumferential sector of more than 20°). The regions 24 remaining free correspond to axially recessed or, in other words, axially incised regions of the reversal zone 16. In these, radial projections of the in 1 component not shown in order to form a positive connection.

It should be noted that the illustrated extension of the fiber material layer 10 can be produced in this form directly on the component (not shown) and requires no or only limited reworking, in particular for producing the form-fitting connections disclosed here. It should also be noted that several or all of the fiber material sections 12 can be comprised of a common roving that is guided back and forth between the reversal zones 16 of the fiber material layer 10.

2 is a diagram showing a structure of the fiber material layer 10 of 1 shown schematically in developed form. The angle along the horizontal axis of this diagram corresponds to an angular position or a position in the circumferential direction around the longitudinal axis L of 1 . A z-position is plotted along the vertical axis of this diagram, which corresponds to a position along the longitudinal axis L. The merely exemplary values along this vertical axis refer to a distance from a further axial end of the fiber material layer 10 (not shown), wherein this end has a position value of 0 mm.

It is shown that within the middle zone 14 there is an essentially continuous reference thickness, which forms a reference value, from which there is consequently a 0% deviation within the middle zone 14. Within the reversal zone 16, however, there is a significantly more inhomogeneous thickness with significant deviations from this reference thickness. For selected areas within the reversal zone 16, 2 Local thickness deviations from the reference thickness are recorded in the middle zone 14.

It can be seen that these thickness deviations can be +/-50%, but can also be identical to the reference thickness of the central zone 14 (+/- 0%). In addition, a peripheral section is shown in which the fiber material layer 10 is interrupted or not formed (see -100%). This corresponds to a free area 24, as described above with reference to 1 explained. Through the thickness Variations form radially inwardly directed steps and/or projections, but also the axially recessed areas 24.

In 2 In addition, selected axial outermost positions 18 are marked within the reversal zone. At a rightmost position assigned to the reference number 18 in 2 there is an immediate bend and change in direction of the fiber path. At the other two positions assigned to reference number 18, however, the fiber initially continues in the circumferential direction and thus bends less severely. The z-positions of the respective axially outermost positions within the reversal zone 16 make it clear that these can be more than 30 mm apart.

3 shows an exemplary component 26 on which the fiber material layer 10 of 1 can be applied or, in other words, can be deposited. The component 26 in turn also extends along a longitudinal axis L, which coincides with the longitudinal axis L of an applied fiber material layer 10. Merely as an example, the component 26 has several axially successive and radially stepped regions 28. These regions 28 are radially stepped relative to at least one axially adjoining region of the component 26.

On the in 3 The fiber material layer 10 is made of 1 by winding. The lowest radially stepped region 28 has an axial projection 30, which can also be referred to as a radially raised region. This is designed to be complementary to one of the regions 24 of the fiber material layer 10 that remain free in the circumferential direction, as shown in the 1 and 2 shown. Accordingly, this axial projection 30 is received in one of the remaining areas 24, forming a positive connection in the axial direction as well as in the circumferential direction. This connects the fiber material layer 10 and the component 26, enabling a force transmission in the axial direction and in the circumferential direction, i.e. in particular the transmission of a torsional force.

The further thickness variations within the reversal zone 16 from 2 can be used to form positive connections with the component 26. For this purpose, an outer side of the region 28 can be shaped complementarily to these thickness variations.

Optionally, another in 3 An axial projection 30 facing away from the viewer may be provided, which extends into the further free section 24 of the fiber material layer 10 from 2 intervenes.

In the example from 3 the component 26 has, in addition to the axially lowest radially stepped region 28, two further corresponding regions 28. Each of these regions 28 comprises at least one axial projection 30 of the type described above. The reversal zone 16 of a fiber material layer 10, 11, 13 can be formed on each of the regions 28 by producing a positive connection with at least the axial projection 30. In this case, an axial extension of the fiber material layer 10, which is directly on the 3 lowest radially stepped region 28, indicated by way of example by means of an arrow.

A second (not separately shown) fiber material layer 11 is wound onto this first or lowermost fiber material layer 10, the reversal zone 16 of which is located at the 3 middle radially stepped region 28 and forms a positive connection with the axial projection 30 there. An axial extension of this second fiber material layer 11 is also indicated by means of an arrow.

It is thus clear that the reversal zone 16 of the second fiber material layer 11 is axially spaced from the reversal zone 16 of the first fiber material layer 10. In addition, the second fiber material layer 11 axially overlaps the reversal zone 16 of the first fiber material layer 10 and is wound axially over it. The latter is made possible in this case in a particularly low-effort manner and without any special post-processing, since the thickness variations of the first fiber material layer 10 are primarily reflected on its inside and its outside is significantly more even.

The reversal zone 16 of the second fiber material layer 11 is analogous to that of 2 However, the second fiber material layer 11 generally has a larger (in particular average) diameter than the first fiber material layer 10. Accordingly, the 3 second or middle radially stepped region 28 has a larger (in particular middle) diameter than the corresponding first region 28.

In the example from 3 An optional third (not separately shown) fiber material layer 13 is wound onto the outside of the second fiber material layer 11. An axial extension of this third fiber material layer 13 is in 3 A reversal zone 16 of this third fiber material layer 13 overlaps with the 3 uppermost radially stepped area 28 of the component 26 and forms a positive connection with the axial projection 30 there. Again, a (particularly average) diameter of this third fiber material layer 13 and the uppermost radially stepped region 28 is larger than the diameters of the other fiber material layers 10, 11 and regions 28.

The reversal zone 16 of the third fiber material layer 13 is also analogous to the example from 2 formed, with the exception of the larger diameter. In addition, this reversal zone 16 is axially spaced from the reversal zones 16 of the first and second fiber material layers 10, 11.

For the sake of completeness, 3 schematically indicates an axially middle position of each of the first to third fiber material layers 10, 11, 13. It can thus be seen that the reversal zones 16 of the individual fiber material layers 10, 11, 13 described above are each located on a common side of this axial M.

By winding the multiple fiber material layers 10, 11, 13 on top of each other or over each other, a mechanically stable connection and in particular a type of serrated connection of the fiber material layers 10, 11, 13 among each other but also between the fiber material layers 10, 11, 13 and the component 26 is produced.

By creating positive connections between each fiber material layer 10, 11, 13 and the component 26, particularly high forces can be transmitted. In comparison to the prior art, these positive connections and/or the fiber material layers 10, 11, 13 as such can be produced without significant post-processing.

Furthermore, radial thickenings on the outer sides of the fiber material layers 10, 11, 13 are limited, so that a finally manufactured (overall) arrangement 32 consisting of component 26 and the fiber material layers 10, 11, 13 has a substantially constant outer diameter.

4 shows another embodiment based on the one from 3 In this case, the similar component 26 is 3 by means of optional plastic sleeves 34. These plastic sleeves 34 have a plurality of pin-like projections or, in other words, pins on their outer sides. Analogous to known rows of pins from the prior art, these pins can be embedded in the respective adjacent fiber material layers 10, 11, 13 and form additional local positive locking. It can be seen that the plastic sleeves 34 lie closely against the outside of the component 26, so that the axial projections 30 press through the plastic sleeves 34 and the plastic sleeves 34 are shaped according to the contour of these projections 30. Only a single, in particular axially continuous, plastic sleeve 34 can be provided. The plastic sleeve 34 can also be understood as a component of the component 26. In other words, the component 26 can comprise a plastic sleeve 34 of the type disclosed here.

Furthermore, 4 shown that optional sensor components 36 are accommodated in the component 26, and lines 38 connected to one of the sensor components are guided along an outer side of the component 26. These lines 38 can each be arranged in or between at least selected ones of the fiber material layers 10, 11, 13 and thus also be wrapped at least in sections by at least selected ones of the fiber material layers 10, 11, 13.

Since the solution disclosed here requires less post-processing or can be eliminated entirely than in the prior art, the risk of damage to the components 36 and the lines 38 is reduced accordingly.

list of reference symbols

10

first fiber material layer

11

second fiber material layer

12

fiber material section

13

third fiber material layer

14

middle zone

16

reversal zone

18

outermost axial position

20

position with immediate change of direction

22

position with continuation in the reverse direction

24

free area / axially recessed area

26

component

28

radially stepped area

30

axial projection / radially raised area

32

arrangement

34

plastic cover

36

sensor component

38

Line

L

longitudinal axis

M

mean axial position

D

diameter

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA accepts no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• AT 505512 A1 [0006, 0010, 0012]

Claims (10)

Method for producing an arrangement (32) comprising at least one fiber material layer (10) and a component (26), comprising: - depositing a fiber material with at least one fiber on the component (26) to form at least a first fiber material layer (10), comprising: • depositing a plurality of sections (12) of the fiber material along a longitudinal axis (L) of the component (26) into a reversal zone (16); and • changing the depositing direction of a respective section (12) within the reversal zone (16) to lead a respective section (12) out of the reversal zone (16); wherein the sections (12) in the reversal zone (16) each have at least one axially outermost point (18) and the axial positions of the axially outermost points (18) of at least some of the fiber material sections (12) are different from one another, so that the first fiber material layer (10) within the reversal zone (16) has: a) a non-uniform thickness; and/or b) a non-uniform axial extension. procedure according to claim 1 wherein several sections (12) of the fiber material are comprised of at least one common roving or a common fiber. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the fiber material layer (10) is substantially flat on its outer side facing away from the component (26) and/or wherein the fiber material layer (10) has uniform outer dimensions. Method according to one of the preceding claims with option a) of claim 1 , wherein the fiber material layer (10) has an uneven inner side facing the component (26) due to the non-uniform thickness, wherein an outer side of the component (26) facing the fiber material layer (10) is shaped at least in sections complementary to the fiber material layer inner side. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the method option a) of claim 1 and the non-uniform thickness on an inner side of the fiber material layer (10) defines at least one step which forms a positive connection with the component (26); and/or wherein the method option b) of claim 1 and the fiber material layer (10) comprises at least one axially recessed region (24) which receives a radially raised region (30) of the component. Method according to one of the preceding claims with option a) of claim 1 , wherein a thickness of the fiber material layer (10) within the reversal zone (16) varies by up to +/- 100% compared to a thickness of the fiber material layer (10) outside the reversal zone (16). Method according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising: - producing at least one second fiber material layer (11) by depositing a fiber material with at least one fiber on the first fiber material layer (10), comprising: • depositing a plurality of second sections of the fiber material along a longitudinal axis (L) of the component (26) into a second reversal zone of the second fiber material layer (11); and • changing the deposition direction of a respective second section within the second reversal zone and leading a respective second section out of the second reversal zone; wherein the first and second reversal zones (16) lie on a common side with respect to an axial center (M) of the second fiber material layer (11); wherein the second sections in the second reversal zone each have at least one axially outermost point and the axial positions of the axially outermost points of at least some of the second fiber material sections are different from one another, so that the second fiber material layer within the second reversal zone has: a) a non-uniform thickness; and/or b) a non-uniform axial extension, wherein at least a portion of the second reversal zone is axially spaced from the reversal zone (16) of the first fiber material layer (11). procedure according to claim 7 , wherein an average radial dimension of the component (26) in the region of the first reversal zone (16) is smaller than in the region of the second reversal zone. Method according to one of the preceding claims, comprising: - arranging a component which is designed to receive and/or transmit signals and/or energy, in particular a sensor component (38), in or on the first fiber material layer (10) and/or in or on the second fiber material layer (11) according to claim 7 and/or on a section of the component (26) on which the fiber material sections (12) of the first fiber material layer (10) are deposited; and/or - arranging at least one section of a signal-carrying and/or energy-carrying and/or fluid-carrying line (38) in or on the first fiber material layer (10) and/or in or on the second fiber material layer (11) after claim 7 and/or on a portion of the component (26) on which the fiber material portions (12) of the first fiber material layer (10) are deposited. Arrangement (32) comprising at least one fiber material layer (10) and a component (26), wherein the fiber material layer (10) is formed by depositing a fiber material with at least one fiber on the component (26) and comprises a plurality of sections (12), each of which is guided into a reversal zone (16) along a longitudinal axis (L) of the component (26); wherein the deposition direction of a respective section (12) changes within the reversal zone (16) and a respective section (12) is guided out of the reversal zone (16); wherein the sections (12) in the reversal zone (16) each have at least one axially outermost point (18) and the axial positions of the axially outermost points (18) of at least some of the fiber material sections (12) are different from one another, so that the first fiber material layer (10) within the reversal zone (16) has: a) a non-uniform thickness; and/or b) a non-uniform axial extension.

Images