DE102023203344B4 - Continuously distributed winding for an electrical machine, stator, rotor and electrical machine with the continuously distributed winding - Google Patents

Abstract

The application relates to a continuously distributed winding (1), in particular a wave winding, for an electrical machine (100), wherein the at least partially parallel winding mats (3) with their respective turning areas (W) form a turning area arrangement (11), wherein the turning area arrangement (11) each comprises a number (A) of individual turning areas (W) corresponding to the number of holes q, wherein the winding (1) comprises several turning area arrangements (11), wherein in the several turning area arrangements (11) of the winding (1) a turning area (Wb) of the individual turning areas (W) runs in a bridging manner over a remaining turning area (Wv) of the individual turning areas (W). The invention further relates to a stator (90) with the winding (1), a rotor with the winding (1) and an electrical machine (100) with the winding (1).

Description

The present invention relates generally to a continuously distributed winding, in particular a wave winding, for an electrical machine, a stator with the continuously distributed winding, a rotor with the continuously distributed winding and an electrical machine with the continuously distributed winding.

To increase economic production and a higher power density of electrical machines, windings with plug-in coils are often used in new electrified vehicles. Hairpin technology in particular has already become partially established in this area. A large number of individual - usually U-shaped - bent plug-in coils are arranged in grooves in a laminated core. The laminated core can be a laminated core of the stator or the rotor. The plug-in coils are usually joined and/or connected to one another on one side of the laminated core over their end area with a large number of joints. Examples of this from the state of the art include DE 10 2019 215 094 A1 , DE 10 2018 125 829 A1 or DE 10 2021 132 259 A1 be called.

To reduce the number of joints and to increase the quality within the winding, the winding can be designed as a wave winding. With wave winding, the winding is made up of several so-called winding mats, each with two end areas. The wave-shaped winding mats can run several times along the winding and over several layers of the winding in the slots. The winding mats can run through the axially running slots several times. The area or section in which the winding mat runs axially in the slot is called the conductor area. An example of the state of the art can be DE 10 2016 118 871 A1 be called.

Several winding mats can be contacted or connected to one another via the end areas or contact areas. This can reduce the absolute number of joints within a winding. Two conductor areas are often connected to one another via a so-called turning area. To implement the continuously distributed winding, in particular the wave winding, the winding mats often have to have a special bend. A large number of different bending radii can arise within the winding mat. To implement the continuously distributed winding, additional installation space is often provided on the winding head of the winding. A winding as a wave winding usually has more than two different coil widths within the winding mat or winding. This means that a winding mat can have a large number of different bending radii. Complex manufacturing tools are required to introduce the large number of different bending radii. The different bends and different coil widths can also result in an asymmetry within the winding at the winding head. The asymmetry can arise at the winding head of a connection side and/or a counter-connection side of the winding. The asymmetry can result in a different temperature distribution within the winding. The asymmetry is often compensated by additional active cooling within the electrical machine.

The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a continuously distributed winding, a stator, a rotor and an electrical machine with the continuously distributed winding, in which the disadvantages stated above are at least partially reduced.

This object is achieved by a continuously distributed winding according to claim 1, a stator according to claim 11, a rotor according to claim 12 and an electrical machine according to claim 13. Further advantageous embodiments of the invention emerge from the subclaims and the following description of preferred embodiments of the present invention.

According to a first aspect, the present invention provides a continuously distributed winding, in particular a wave winding, for an electrical machine with at least one phase and a hole number q of at least three, wherein the electrical machine has a rotor and a stator, wherein the rotor or the stator has grooves for receiving the distributed winding, wherein the winding comprises a plurality of winding mats running in the circumferential direction of the winding and a number of the plurality of winding mats corresponding to the hole number q run at least partially parallel next to one another, wherein each winding mat comprises a plurality of conductor elements running axially to a rotor axis, wherein two conductor elements of a winding mat are connected to one another via a turning area in the area of a winding head, wherein each winding mat comprises a plurality of turning areas, wherein each winding mat has contact areas at its ends, which are each designed as a contact pin or as a connection pin, wherein the at least partially parallel winding mats with their respective turning areas form a turning area arrangement (), wherein the turning area arrangement each comprises a number of individual turning areas corresponding to the hole number q, wherein the winding comprises a plurality of turning area arrangements, wherein in the plurality of In the various turning area arrangements of the winding, one turning area of the individual turning areas runs over a remaining turning area of the individual turning areas, bridging the area.

The continuously distributed winding can be composed of several winding mats. The several winding mats can form the continuously distributed winding. The several winding mats can be interconnected to form the winding.

In the case of distributed winding, the winding can be distributed over the circumference of the electrical machine. The electrical machine can have at least one phase, although more phases, in particular three phases, can also be provided. A fixed number of magnetic poles are provided, which are distributed over a circumference of the electrical machine. This number can correspond to a number of poles and can be an even number, since there is an equal number of magnetic north and south poles. Either the rotor, the stator or the rotor and stator of the electrical machine can have grooves for receiving the winding. Two or more winding mats can be provided per phase, connected in parallel. The winding mat can be a coil strand. Each winding mat comprises several conductor elements, each of which can be connected in series.

Each winding mat has contact areas at its ends. The number of conductor elements in the winding mat can be an even number. The even number of conductor elements means that the contact areas can be arranged on the same side in a direction axial to the rotor axis. This makes manufacturing and assembly of the winding easier and simpler. The winding mats can be connected to one another via the contact areas. The connection can be parallel or in series. The winding mats can be connected to form a star connection. The winding mats can be connected to form a delta connection. The contact areas can be designed as contact pins. One winding mat can be connected to another winding mat in the winding or electrically connected via one or more contact pins. The winding can be connected to power electronics or electrically connected via the connection pin.

The winding can be cylindrical or tubular. The rotor axis can run concentrically within the winding. The axially running conductor elements can be arranged parallel to the rotor axis. The axially running conductor elements can be arranged spaced apart from one another in the circumferential direction within the winding.

The changing mats run at least partially parallel. The changing mats can run spatially differently from one another. Depending on the point of view or spatial consideration, the changing mats can run parallel or at least partially parallel. Depending on the point of view or spatial consideration, the changing mats can run parallel and from another point of view or spatial consideration, they can not run parallel.

The winding mats are each made from one piece and run over several layers. The winding also has two winding heads in which the turning areas are arranged.

One turning area can run bridging the remaining turning area. As a synonym, one turning area can transpose the remaining turning area. Due to the bridging course, the turning areas of the turning area arrangement can be interwoven with each other, on top of each other or into each other. This allows the winding in the winding head to be more compact, space-saving and symmetrical.

The turning area arrangement can comprise two or more turning areas. The bridging turning area can comprise one or more turning areas. The remaining turning area can comprise one turning area or more turning areas. The bridging turning area can tunnel under the remaining turning area.

In the multiple turning area arrangements of the winding, a turning area of the individual turning areas runs over a remaining turning area of the individual turning areas, bridging the winding. The multiple turning area arrangements of the winding can be all turning area arrangements that occur in the winding. The turning area arrangements can be formed multiple times in the circumferential direction and in all layers of the winding.

Further aspects and features of the present invention emerge from the dependent claims, the accompanying drawings and the following description of embodiments.

• 1 eine perspektivische Ansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Wicklung einer elektrischen Maschine
• 2 eine Seitenansicht der erfindungsgemäßen Wicklung
• 3 eine schematische Darstellung einer Wendebereichanordnung in zwei Varianten
• 4 eine Darstellung mehrerer Wendebereichanordnungen in zwei Varianten
• 5 ein Ausführungsbeispiel für ein Wickelschema der erfindungsgemäßen Wicklung
• 6 eine Draufsicht auf einen Wickelkopf der erfindungsgemäßen Wicklung
• 7 mehrere Verschaltungsvarianten der erfindungsgemäßen Wicklung

Embodiments of the invention are described by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings.

• 1 a perspective view of a winding according to the invention of an electrical machine
• 2 a side view of the winding according to the invention
• 3 a schematic representation of a turning area arrangement in two variants
• 4 a representation of several turning area arrangements in two variants
• 5 an embodiment of a winding scheme of the winding according to the invention
• 6 a plan view of a winding head of the winding according to the invention
• 7 several wiring variants of the winding according to the invention

Before a detailed description of the figures, general remarks on the embodiments follow.

The term "number of holes" describes a number of slots, e.g. in the stator of the electrical machine for each magnetic pole and phase. The number of holes is abbreviated with the letter q. The number of holes q is the quotient of the number of slots N as the dividend and the product of 2 times the number of pole pairs p times the number of phases m as the divisor. The formula is: q= N/(2p*m)

oder $$\text{A-Wb = q-1 und A-Wv = 1}\text{.}$$

There are embodiments in which, in each of the several turning area arrangements, a number of bridging turning areas and a number of remaining turning areas are each related to the number of holes q, with two variants being provided which result from the following formulas: $$\text{A-Wb = 1 and A-Wv = q - 1;}$$

or $$\text{A-Wb = q-1 and A-Wv = 1}\text{.}$$

The variants result in different possible courses for the turning areas within the turning area arrangement. The following examples are for the number of holes q=3 and q=4. The number of holes can also be a different number. The different course options are not limited to the examples shown.

Examples of implementations at q = 3:

In Variante 1 (q = 3) verläuft ein Wendebereich überbrückend über zwei verbleibende Wendebereiche.Variant 1 (q = 3): $$\text{A-Wb = 1 and A-Wv = 2}$$

In variant 1 (q = 3), a turning area bridges two remaining turning areas.

In Variante 2 (q = 3) verlaufen zwei Wendebereiche überbrückend über einen verbleibenden Wendebereich.Variant 2 (q = 3): $$\text{A-Wb = 2 and A-Wv = 1}$$

In variant 2 (q = 3), two turning areas bridge over a remaining turning area.

Examples of implementations at q = 4:

In Variante 1 (q = 4) verläuft ein Wendebereich überbrückend über drei verbleibende Wendebereiche.Variant 1 (q = 4): $$\text{A - Wb = 1 and A - Wv = 3}$$

In variant 1 (q = 4), a turning area bridges three remaining turning areas.

In Variante 2 (q = 4) verlaufen drei Wendebereiche überbrückend über einen verbleibenden Wendebereich.Variant 2 (q = 4): $$\text{A-Wb = 3 and A-Wv = 1}$$

In variant 2 (q = 4), three turning areas bridge over a remaining turning area.

There are embodiments in which the two conductor elements connected by the turning region are spaced apart from one another in the circumferential direction with a defined coil width, wherein the winding mat and/or the winding comprises at most two different defined coil widths.

Due to the previously described turning area arrangement, the winding mat can be designed in such a way that a maximum of two different coil widths occur in the winding mat and/or winding. The coil width can correspond to a sum of how many conductor elements or grooves the second conductor element is spaced apart from the first conductor element in the circumferential direction.

There can be one coil width in the winding mat and/or winding. There can be two coil widths in the winding mat and/or winding. By limiting the maximum number of coil widths within the winding mat and the winding to two, the symmetry of the winding can be increased. At the same time, asymmetry can be reduced. The symmetry of the winding within the winding head can be increased. The symmetry of the winding of both winding heads to each other can be increased. The symmetry can make the thermal distribution within the winding more even. The symmetry can make thermal behavior favorable.

By limiting the number to a maximum of two different coil widths, a manufacturing tool for producing the winding mat can be manufactured with less complexity This can reduce manufacturing costs.

$$\text{Sw1 = q*3-}\left(\text{q -1}\right)\text{ und Sw2 = q*3+1}$$

There are embodiments in which two different defined coil widths occur in the winding mat and/or the winding, whereby two variants are provided, each of which is related to the number of holes q and results from the following formulas: $$\text{Sw1 = q*3-1 and Sw2 = q*3+}\left(\text{q-1}\right);\text{or}$$

$$\text{Sw1 = q*3-}\left(\text{q -1}\right)\text{and Sw2 = q*3+1}$$

The formulas result in different variants, whereby two different coil widths can occur within the winding mat and/or winding.

The following embodiments are for the number of holes q=3 and q=4. The two different coil widths within the winding mat and/or winding are not limited to the embodiments shown.

In Variante 1 (q = 3) ist eine erste Spulenweite 8 und eine zweite Spulenweite 11. Variante 2 (q = 3): $$\text{Sw1 = 7 und Sw2 = 10}$$

In Variante 2 (q = 3) ist eine erste Spulenweite 7 und eine zweite Spulenweite 10.Examples of implementation at q = 3: Variant 1 (q = 3): $$\text{Sw1 = 8 and Sw2 = 11}$$

In variant 1 (q = 3) the first coil width is 8 and the second coil width is 11. Variant 2 (q = 3): $$\text{Sw1 = 7 and Sw2 = 10}$$

In variant 2 (q = 3) the first coil width is 7 and the second coil width is 10.

In Variante 1 (q = 4) ist eine erste Spulenweite 11 und eine zweite Spulenweite 15. Variante 2 (q = 4): $$\text{Sw1 = 9 und Sw2 = 13}$$

In Variante 2 (q = 4) ist eine erste Spulenweite 9 und eine zweite Spulenweite 13.Examples of implementation at q = 4: Variant 1 (q = 4): $$\text{Sw1 = 11 and Sw2 = 15}$$

In variant 1 (q = 4) the first coil width is 11 and the second coil width is 15. Variant 2 (q = 4): $$\text{Sw1 = 9 and Sw2 = 13}$$

In variant 2 (q = 4) the first coil width is 9 and the second coil width is 13.

There are embodiments in which each winding mat is made in one piece and runs from an outer circumference of the winding or the groove to an inner circumference of the winding or the groove over several layers. The winding mat within the winding can be made in one piece. The winding mat can also be made in several parts or in several pieces.

By making the winding mat one piece, the number of individual elements that make up the winding can be reduced. This means that the number of required joints or welds can be reduced. This means that manufacturing costs can be reduced.

Each winding mat within the winding can run around the rotor axis once or several times. The winding mat can run in all layers of the winding.

There are embodiments in which the bridging turning areas each run in an identical plane area along the rotor axis and the remaining turning areas each run in an identical plane area along the rotor axis.

The plane region may be oriented orthogonally to the rotor axis. The plane region may be a plane. The plane region may be a section or a region extending over a region along the rotor axis.

The bridging turning areas can run in a higher plane area along the rotor axis than the remaining turning areas. Higher in this context means further away from the conductor elements. The bridging turning area can have a radial offset within the plane area.

There are embodiments in which, in each turning area arrangement of the multiple turning area arrangements, in all layers and along the entire circumference of the winding, a turning area of the individual turning areas runs over a remaining turning area of the individual turning areas, bridging. In all turning area arrangements within the winding, a turning area of the individual turning areas can run over a remaining turning area of the individual turning areas. This allows the winding to be more symmetrical or the turning areas in the winding to be arranged more symmetrically.

There are embodiments in which a connecting region running radially inwards or outwards is formed on the bridging turning region. The connecting region can be a section of the turning region. The connecting region can connect the conductor elements to be connected to one another.

The connection area can be a bridging area. The connection area can a jump area. The connection area can have a radial offset. The radial offset of the connection area can be used to connect conductor elements in different layers of the winding. The connection area can have an axial offset. The axial offset can compensate for a height difference. The connection area can connect a position jump. The connection area can compensate for a position jump. A position jump is a transition from one layer to another layer within the winding mat and/or the winding. The connection area can have a radial offset and an axial offset. The connection area can be used to connect the conductor elements to one another via the turning area despite different positional relationships and positional arrangements.

The connection area of the bridging turning areas may be different from the connection area of the remaining turning areas. The multiple bridging turning areas or the multiple remaining turning areas may each have a different connection area. The radial offset and the axial offset of the connection area may depend on the corresponding winding or configuration of the electrical machine. The connection area can save installation space in the axial and/or radial direction of the winding. The connection area can make the winding more symmetrical.

There are embodiments in which the winding has two winding heads, with one turning area of the individual turning areas bridging a remaining turning area of the individual turning areas on both winding heads in the multiple turning area arrangements of the winding. A first winding head can be arranged on a connection side. A second winding head can be arranged on a counter-connection side. The connection side can be a switching side. The counter-connection side can be a counter-switching side. This means that both winding heads can be very symmetrical. This can result in favorable or advantageous thermal behavior.

In all turning area arrangements of the winding, one turning area of the individual turning areas can run bridging over a remaining turning area of the individual turning areas.

There are embodiments in which a radial winding head width of the winding corresponds at most to a depth of the slot on the rotor or stator. The winding head width can be a width, thickness or strength in the radial direction of the winding. The depth can be a depth in the radial direction. The slot can be formed in a laminated core on the rotor or stator. The winding head width can be smaller than the depth of the slot. The winding head cannot protrude radially beyond the slot in the circumferential direction. This means that the winding head and thus the winding head width can be made narrower overall. This can save installation space in the radial direction.

There are embodiments in which the winding comprises several parallel branches, each with at least one phase. Each branch can comprise 3 phases. The winding can comprise 2, 3 or more parallel branches. The winding can comprise more parallel branches than are actually connected or interconnected. The parallel branches can be electrically interconnected to one another via the contact areas of each wave winding. This can promote a modular design. This can enable a different specification or configuration of the electrical machine to be implemented with the same winding mat and/or winding.

There are embodiments in which the winding can be connected to the multiple parallel branches via an interconnection unit, wherein one branch or multiple branches in the winding can be connected via the interconnection unit. It may be the case that fewer branches in the winding are connected via the interconnection unit than the multiple branches in the winding. The winding can be connected in different ways via the interconnection unit. One branch or multiple branches of the parallel branches can be connected. The winding can be connected or interconnected as a star connection, delta connection or in combination. This allows different configurations of the electrical machine to be realized.

A further aspect of the application relates to a stator for an electrical machine, wherein the stator is provided with the continuously distributed winding according to the invention. The stator can be a fixed, immovable part of the electrical machine. The stator can comprise a stator laminated core. In the stator or the stator laminated core, the slots can run axially in the circumferential direction around the rotor axis.

A further aspect of the application relates to a rotor for an electrical machine with the continuously distributed winding according to the invention. The rotor can be a rotating element of the electrical machine. The rotor can be a rotor, armature, inductor or pole wheel of the electrical machine.

A further aspect of the application relates to an electrical machine with at least the continuously distributed winding according to the invention. The electrical machine can be an electrical machine for a vehicle. The vehicle can be a motor vehicle, truck, two-wheeler, rail vehicle or another vehicle. The electrical machine can be a direct current machine or a three-phase machine. The three-phase machine can be a synchronous machine or an asynchronous machine. The electrical machine can also be any other electrical machine.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to figures. Identical or similar components are designated by the same reference numerals.

1 shows a perspective view of a continuously distributed winding 1 of an electrical machine 100 according to the invention. The winding 1 is composed of several winding mats 3 arranged relative to one another and one inside the other. The winding mats 3 run partially parallel to one another. The winding 1 is arranged in a laminated core of a tubular stator 90. The winding 1 and the tubular stator 90 are arranged concentrically around a rotor axis 50. Grooves 80 are formed in the stator 90 along an inner circumference. The grooves 80 run axially and parallel to the rotor axis 50. The grooves 80 are arranged radially spaced from one another in the circumferential direction. Several conductor elements 5 of the winding mats 3 run in the grooves 80. Two conductor elements 5 are connected to one another via a turning area W. The turning areas W protrude from the stator 90 on both end faces of the stator 90. Each section of the winding 1 protruding from the stator 90 is a winding head 40. Several conductor elements 5 and several turning areas W each together form one of the several winding mats 3. The winding mats 3 run with their several conductor elements 5 several times in the circumferential direction in the grooves 80 around the rotor axis 50. In the grooves 80, the conductor elements 5 run in several layers L. Within a section in the circumferential direction, several contact areas K protrude on the upper winding head 40 as contact pins 7 and connection pins 9. The contact pins 7 are arranged on an inner circumference of the winding 1 and an outer circumference of the winding 1 in the circumferential direction around the rotor axis 50.

Several turning areas W of the conductor elements 5 are formed on both winding heads 40 of the winding 1. Three winding mats 3, each running partially parallel, with three turning areas W together form a turning area arrangement 11. In 1 a turning area arrangement 11 is circled as an example. Within the turning area arrangement 11, a turning area Wb runs bridging over two remaining turning areas Wv from one layer L to another layer L within the winding 1. A connecting area 6 is formed on a U-shaped section of each of the turning areas W.

2 shows a side view of the winding 1 according to the invention. 2 shows the winding 1 in the stator 90 from 1 in a lying position. A center line M is drawn in the middle of the stator 90 area. The center line M divides the winding 1 and the stator 90 into two equal halves. The height of the two winding heads 40 (without contact areas K) is described by the distances D1 and D2. In 2 Both winding heads 40 have an identical or symmetrical height. The distances D1 and D2 are identical.

3 shows a schematic representation of the turning area arrangement 11 in two variants A) and B). In both turning area arrangements 11, three turning areas W are shown. The connecting area 6 is arranged in the upper (U-shaped) section of the turning areas W. In variant A), one of the three turning areas Wb bridges the two remaining turning areas Wv. In variant B), two turning areas Wb bridge the remaining turning area Wv.

4 shows a representation of several turning area arrangements 11 in two variants A) and B). The representations in 4 differ from the representations in 3 in that 4 the turning area arrangements 11 are shown within the winding 1. Furthermore, several turning area arrangements 11 are shown within the winding 1. The several turning area arrangements 11 are arranged both in the circumferential direction of the winding 1 and in several layers L of the winding 1. The course of the turning areas W in variant A) of the 4 corresponds to the course of the turning areas in variant A) of the 3 . The course of the turning areas W in variant B) of the 4 corresponds to the course of the turning areas in variant B) of the 3 .

5 shows an exemplary winding scheme for two branches Z1 and Z2 with the continuously distributed winding 1 according to the invention. The winding 1 has the two coil widths Sw1 = 8 and Sw = 11. The winding 1 has three phases U, V, W.

For reasons of clarity, the winding scheme is divided into 5A and 5B . The winding scheme is presented in a table form. The table has 54 columns. Each column contains corresponds to a slot 80. In the lower part of the winding diagram, the table has 6 rows. Each row corresponds to a layer L in winding 1. Winding 1 has six layers L1 to L6. Layer L1 is arranged on the outer diameter of winding 1. Layer L6 is arranged on the inner diameter of winding 1. The six layers L1 to L6 are joined together to form three double layers. A jump from layer 2 to layer 3, from layer 4 to layer 5 and from layer 6 to layer 1 is referred to below as a layer jump. In the layer jump, a turning area Wb runs bridging over a remaining turning area Wv. Six conductor elements 5 run in each slot 80.

Each branch Z1 and Z2 has three winding mats 3 (U1 to U6) with several conductor elements 5. Each individual course of the several courses of a winding mat 3 through one of the 54 grooves 80 is referred to as a conductor element 5. The first branch Z1 comprises the winding mats 3 U3, U2 and U5. The second branch Z2 comprises the winding mats 3 U1, U4 and U6. On the outer circumference of the winding 1 in the outer layer L1 there are several contact areas K or connection pins 9 that protrude from the winding 1.

In 5 Each winding mat 3 runs through grooves 80 in all layers L1 to L6 in the circumferential direction of the winding 1. From each winding mat 3, several conductor elements 5 run through the grooves 80 both within a layer L and in each layer L1 to L6. The thin arrows show an example of a position jump. The thicker arrows show a last conductor element 5 of one of the winding mats 3 or a contact area K of the winding mats 3. The conductor elements 5 or contact areas K are connected or interconnected to one another in accordance with the thicker arrows.

6 shows a winding 1 in a top view of the winding head 40 of a counter-switching side. The winding 1 is arranged in slots 80 of the stator 90. The slots 80 have a depth T. The winding head 40 has a winding head width 41. The winding head width 41 results from a difference between an outer diameter (dotted circle) and an inner diameter (dashed circle) of the winding 1. The dotted circle is both a boundary area of the winding 1 and a boundary area of the slot 80. In 6 the winding head width 41 is less than the depth T of the slot.

In 7 are three exemplary variants 7A to 7C of interconnections of the continuously distributed winding 1 according to the invention. In the three variants, the winding 1 is connected in a star connection. The interconnection is not limited to these three variants. In the three variants, the interconnection varies while the winding 1 remains the same. The long arrows projecting radially outwards are each a connection pin 9. The short arrows projecting radially outwards are each a contact pin 7. The dotted arrows are an interconnection within the winding 1.

In the first variant, shown in 7A , winding 1 is connected to a branch in the star connection. In the second variant, shown in 7B , winding 1 is connected with two branches in the star connection. In the third variant, shown in 7C , winding 1 is connected with three phases in a star connection.

The continuously distributed winding according to the invention is not limited to use in an electric machine for a vehicle. The winding can also be used in any other electrically operated assembly. Further aspects and embodiments of the present invention will become apparent to the person skilled in the art from the claims.

reference sign

1

winding

3

changing mat

5

conductor element

6

connection area

7

contact pin

9

connection pin

11

turning area arrangement

40

winding head

41

winding head width

50

rotor axis

80

Nut

90

stator

100

Electric Machine

q

number of holes

W

turning area

Wb

Bridging turning area

Wv

Remaining turning area

A

Number

A-Wb

number of bridging turning areas

A-Wv

number of remaining turning areas

Sw

spool width

L

Position

T

depth of the groove

D

Distance

M

center line

K

contact area

Z

branch

Claims (13)

Continuously distributed winding (1) in the form of a wave winding, for an electrical machine (100) with at least one phase and a hole number q of at least three, wherein the electrical machine (100) has a rotor and a stator, wherein the rotor or the stator (90) has grooves (80) for receiving the distributed winding (1), wherein the winding (1) comprises a plurality of winding mats (3) running in the circumferential direction of the winding (1) and a number of the plurality of winding mats (3) corresponding to the hole number q run at least partially parallel to one another, wherein each winding mat (3) comprises a plurality of conductor elements (5) running axially to a rotor axis (50), wherein two conductor elements (5) of a winding mat (3) are connected to one another via a turning area (W) in the area of a winding head (40), wherein each winding mat (3) comprises a plurality of turning areas (W), wherein each winding mat (3) has contact areas (K) at its ends, which are each designed as a contact pin (7) or as a Connection pin (9), wherein each winding mat (3) is designed in one piece and runs from an outer circumference of the winding (1) or the groove (80) to an inner circumference of the winding (1) or the groove (80) over several layers (L), characterized in that the at least partially parallel running winding mats (3) with their respective turning areas (W) form a turning area arrangement (11), wherein the turning area arrangement (11) each comprises a number (A) of individual turning areas (W) corresponding to the number of holes q, wherein the winding (1) comprises several turning area arrangements (11), wherein in the several turning area arrangements (11) of the winding (1) a turning area (Wb) of the individual turning areas (W) runs bridging over a remaining turning area (Wv) of the individual turning areas (W), and that the winding (1) has two winding heads (40), wherein on both winding heads (40) in the several turning area arrangements (11) of the winding (1) a turning area (Wb) of each of the turning areas (W) extends over a remaining turning area (Wv) of the individual turning areas (W). Continuously distributed winding (1) according to claim 1 , wherein in each of the plurality of turning area arrangements (11) a number (A-Wb) of bridging turning areas (Wb) and a number (A-Wv) of remaining turning areas (Wv) are each related to the number of holes q, wherein two variants are provided which result from the following formulas: $$\text{A-Wb = 1 and A-Wv = q - 1;}$$

or $$\text{A-Wb = q-1 and A-Wv = 1}\text{.}$$

Continuously distributed winding (1) according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the two conductor elements (5) connected by the turning region (W) are spaced apart from one another in the circumferential direction with a defined coil width (Sw), wherein the winding mat (3) and/or the winding (1) comprises at most two different defined coil widths (Sw1, Sw2). Continuously distributed winding (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein two different defined coil widths (Sw1, Sw2) occur in the winding mat (3) and/or the winding (1), wherein two variants are provided, each of which is related to the number of holes q and results from the following formulas: $$\text{Sw1 = q*3-1 and Sw2 = q*3+}\left(\text{q-1}\right);$$

or $$\text{Sw1 = q*3-}\left(\text{q-1}\right)\text{and Sw2 = q*3+1}\text{.}$$

Continuously distributed winding (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the bridging turning regions (Wb) each run in an identical plane region along the rotor axis (50) and the remaining turning regions (Wv) each run in an identical plane region along the rotor axis (50). Continuously distributed winding (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at each turning region arrangement (11) of the plurality of turning region arrangements (11) in all layers (L) and along the entire circumference of the winding (1) a turning region (Wb) of the individual turning regions (W) runs bridging over a remaining turning region (Wv) of the individual turning regions (W). Continuously distributed winding (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at the bridging turning area (Wb) a radially inwardly or outwardly extending connecting region (6) is formed. Continuously distributed winding (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a radial winding head width (41) of the winding (1) corresponds at most to a depth (T) of the groove (80) on the rotor or stator (90). Continuously distributed winding (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the winding (1) comprises several parallel branches, each with at least one phase. Continuously distributed winding (1) according to claim 9 , wherein the winding (1) can be connected to the plurality of parallel branches via an interconnection unit, wherein one branch or several branches in the winding (1) can be connected via the interconnection unit. Stator (90) for an electrical machine (100), wherein the stator (90) is provided with a continuously distributed winding (1) according to one of the Claims 1 until 10 is provided. Rotor for an electrical machine (100), wherein the rotor is provided with a continuously distributed winding (1) according to one of the Claims 1 until 10 is provided. Electric machine (100) with at least one continuously distributed winding (1) according to one of the Claims 1 until 10 .

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