DE102023200887A1 - Method for mounting an attachment to a structural component by means of a compensation element - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for mounting an attachment (10) on at least one positionally fixed structural component (20) for producing a structural unit, comprising the steps of: providing the attachment, providing the at least one structural component (20), attaching an assembly aid (M) to the attachment (10) and/or the at least one structural component (20) for adjusting at least one gap size of at least one gap (S) between the components (10, 20). It is provided that at least one application body (KA) made of a highly viscous and adhesive material that hardens with UV light is positioned in at least one attachment point subject to tolerances on the attachment (10) and/or the at least one structural component (20). The attachment (10) is then attached to at least one structural component (20). The application body (KA) is irradiated with UV light. The material of the application body (KA) hardens due to the UV light and a compensation element (K) is formed. The assembly aid (M) can then be removed.

Description

The invention relates to a method for mounting an add-on part on at least one fixed structural component for producing a structural unit.

From the publication EN 10 2016 206 981 A1 an assembly method is known which ensures the assembly of add-on parts to supporting structures, for example headlights or lights to the body of an automobile. The method solves the requirement for exact positioning of the add-on parts. If component irregularities occur, the gaps between the components are minimized. The method for assembling a first component to a second component is characterized by the following steps: providing a first component, providing a second component, applying at least one volume element to the first component and/or the second component using a generative method, assembling the first component to the second component, wherein the volume element formed on one component is applied to at least one form element of the other component, whereby the positions of the two components relative to one another are defined in at least one degree of freedom. In short, in this solution, for example using a 3D printing robot, so-called volume elements are specifically printed onto a rear light (first component) and/or a supporting structure (second component). A device designed to carry out the generative method is also explained. The disadvantage of this solution is that extensive design changes (process adjustments) are necessary on the assembly lines currently in use. A process is therefore being sought in which the positioning of the two components relative to each other can be carried out using fewer process adjustments.

The invention is therefore based on the object of providing a method for mounting an attachment to at least one structural component, with which component irregularities can be compensated in a simple and cost-effective manner in such a way that predetermined tolerance dimensions between the components are maintained. The aim is to ensure that the predetermined tolerance dimensions are maintained in such a way that subsequent adjustment is largely avoided.

It is known that vehicle-specific assembly aids are used for the assembly of components. Up to now, if the tolerance dimensions are not maintained after the components have been installed, readjustment means such as washers or the like have been used to subsequently adjust the components relative to one another after installation. This readjustment should be avoided.

The object of the invention is achieved by a method with the features of claim 1 and by the development of an assembly aid with at least one integrated illuminant with the features of claim 10. Furthermore, the arrangement of the assembly aid with the at least one integrated illuminant or an external device in which at least one illuminant is also arranged is taught at a gap between components to be connected to one another according to the features in claim 11. Both devices, the assembly aid arranged on the attachment or the external device which is not arranged on the attachment, can be used in preferred embodiments to carry out the method. Preferred embodiments of the method are set out in claims 2 to 9. The invention also relates to the use in the method of a material which is sensitive to UV light in its initial state and is highly viscous and adhesive and which hardens in its final state by irradiation with UV light, as taught in claim 12.

Further preferred embodiments will become apparent from the following description.

• 1 ein Kraftfahrzeug in einer Seitenansicht mit einem beispielhaft ausgewählten schematisch dargestellten Anbauteil zur Erläuterung der Erfindung;
• 2 das Kraftfahrzeug gemäß 1 in einer Rückansicht mit dem Anbauteil;
• 3 eine vergrößerte Detaildarstellung eines beispielsweise verwendeten realen serienmäßigen Anbauteils in der Rückansicht gemäß 2;
• 4 ein kotflügelseitiges Element eines realen zweiteilig ausgebildeten Anbauteils in einer Ansicht, welche die Innenstruktur des kotflügelseitigen Elementes des Anbauteils zeigt, die im Zusammenbauzustand an einem Strukturbauteil des Kraftfahrzeuges anliegt;
• 5 eine Darstellung des realen kotflügelseitigen Anbauteils und eines Montageschrittes während der Montage des kotflügelseitigen Anbauteils;
• 6 das Kraftfahrzeug gemäß 1 in der Seitenansicht mit dem schematisch dargestellten Anbauteil und einer erfindungsgemäßen Montagehilfe;
• 7 das Kraftfahrzeug gemäß 2 in der Rückansicht mit dem schematisch dargestellten Anbauteil und der erfindungsgemäßen Montagehilfe;
• 8 eine Prinzipdarstellung zur Verdeutlichung der Anordnung von Kompensationselementen gemäß der Erfindung.

The invention is explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings. They show:

• 1 a motor vehicle in a side view with an exemplary attached part shown schematically to explain the invention;
• 2 the motor vehicle according to 1 in a rear view with the attachment;
• 3 an enlarged detailed representation of a real standard attachment part used, for example, in the rear view according to 2 ;
• 4 a fender-side element of a real two-part attachment in a view showing the internal structure of the fender-side element of the attachment, which in the assembled state rests against a structural component of the motor vehicle;
• 5 a representation of the real fender-side attachment part and an assembly step during the assembly of the fender-side attachment part;
• 6 the motor vehicle according to 1 in side view with the schematically shown attachment and an assembly aid according to the invention;
• 7 the motor vehicle according to 2 in the rear view with the schematically shown attachment part and the assembly aid according to the invention;
• 8th a schematic diagram to illustrate the arrangement of compensation elements according to the invention.

The 1 and 2 show a motor vehicle 100 in a side view with attachments 10. Attachments 10 are considered to be, for example, tailgates 11, fenders 12, rear aprons 13, side doors 14, front and bumpers 15 or the like.

Important add-on parts 10 are also the front and rear lights 10A, 10B, which are usually adjacent to several add-on parts 10, which are installed between the aforementioned add-on parts and attached to at least one structural component 20.

The motor vehicle 100 has a supporting structure which usually consists of various interconnected structural components 20 to which the add-on parts 10 mentioned as examples are attached during the assembly process.

The invention describes a method for mounting an attachment 10 on at least one structural component 20, wherein the method steps are described below using a rear light, which is used as a representative of the mentioned and unmentioned attachments 10 to explain the invention.

The 2 the motor vehicle 100 shows according to 1 in a view from behind, so that the rear light can be seen more clearly in the assembled state.

In the exemplary embodiment, the rear light is designed in two parts. It comprises an attachment part 10B on the tailgate side and an attachment part 10A on the fender side.

The invention is explained below using the fender-side attachment part 10A, which is briefly referred to in the description below as K-attachment part 10A.

In summary, the 2 with the 3 , which shows an enlarged view of the rear light, it is clear that the K-attachment part 10A forms a circumferential gap S to adjacent components, in particular adjacent attachments 10.

With regard to the description, it is assumed that the gap between the adjacent attachments is always the same. However, it is certainly possible that different gaps between the adjacent attachments are realized.

The K-attachment 10A forms (compare 2 and 3 ) a gap area SL of the circumferential gap S to the tailgate-side attachment part 10B (left), a gap area SO to the tailgate 11 (top) in which the tailgate-side attachment part 10B is mounted, a gap area SR to the fender 12 (right) and a gap area SU to the bumper-side apron 13 (bottom).

In 4 the tailgate-side attachment part 10B is shown from its rear side, whereby the tailgate-side attachment part 10B is shown in the 2 and 3 is shown rotated by 180° around an imaginary horizontal axis, so that the 4 shown upper edge in the assembled state of the lower edge in 3 or those in 4 shown lower edge in the assembled state of an upper edge according to 3 corresponds. In this case, 4 a tailgate-side attachment part 10B of a type which does not exactly correspond to the type of tailgate-side attachment part 10B in 3 corresponds.

The explanations according to the invention apply both to the tailgate-side attachment part 10B in 3 as well as for the tailgate-side attachment part 10B in 4 and in principle for all other attachments mentioned above and not mentioned 10.

The 4 represents a representation which, in combination, illustrates both the prior art and the invention, as explained below.

The K-attachment part 10A has openings A1 within its basic structure A.

In conventional assembly, the K-attachment part 10A is attached to the structural component 20 (see 5 ) using a device, a so-called assembly aid M (compare in advance the 6 and 7 ), is screwed to the structural component 20 via the openings A1 using fastening elements (screws not shown). It is understood that corresponding openings are provided within the structural component 20 or are created during fastening, into which the fastening elements for fastening the K-attachment part 10A engage.

The arrangement of the assembly aid M on the K-attachment part 10A will be explained in detail later.

The one on the 4 The openings A1 arranged on the left side are opposite locking elements A2 on the right side, which have a geometric shape that ensures that the position of the K-attachment part 10A in three-dimensional space is defined as precisely as possible in all three spatial directions x, y, z or is assumed in the assembled state when the locking elements engage in locking receptacles (not shown in more detail) within the structural component 20 or at least partially engage behind the locking receptacles.

After assembly, subsequent positioning of the position of the K attachment part 10A is no longer possible in a disadvantageous manner in the area of the locking elements A2 and locking receptacles (on the structural component side) of the K attachment part 10A itself. In order to subsequently change the positioning in this area, subsequently arrangeable adjustment means in the form of spacers are currently used.

A readjustment of the K-attachment part 10A is currently only possible in the area of the fastening elements, since the openings A1 into which the fastening elements engage are advantageously arranged within adjustment elements A3, which can be subsequently adjusted within the basic structure A of the K-attachment part 10A, so that the K-attachment part 10A can be adjusted in this area via the adjustment elements A3 relative to the y/z plane of the Cartesian coordinate system (compare the coordinate arrows in 4 ) can be aligned. A total displacement of the K attachment part 10A in the z-direction or y-direction is not possible using the adjustment elements A3 at A1.

In the conventional assembly explained below, the problem arises that due to component tolerances of the structural component 20 and/or the K-attachment part 10A in the area, particularly in the area of the fastening points at A1 and A2, small position changes occur with respect to the desired position of the K-attachment part 10A.

In other words, within the positive and non-positive fastening points at A1 of the K attachment part 10A and/or the positive fastening points at A2, component tolerances of the structural component 20 and/or the attachment part 10, for example the K attachment part 10A, can lead to the desired position of the components, in particular in the exemplary embodiment not the position of the components 10A and 20, not being assumed in the assembled state, in particular in the areas in which the fastening points are located and in which the components come into contact (contact areas), so that the at least one desired gap dimension S in at least one of the gap areas SL, SO, SR, SU is not present within a desired narrow tolerance dimension.

• Das heißt, es ist mindestens ein Befestigungspunkt vorgesehen, der einem bestimmten Befestigungsbereich des Anbauteils 10 an dem Strukturbauteil 20 zugeordnet ist.

The assembly of the K-attachment part 10A selected as an example is currently carried out as follows:

• This means that at least one fastening point is provided which is assigned to a specific fastening area of the add-on part 10 on the structural component 20.

It is intended that fastening points subject to tolerances according to the invention are provided with a so-called compensation element K, which ensures that the desired target tolerance dimension is ensured by the compensation element K in the fastening point(s) subject to tolerances, as explained below.

First, an assembly aid M is attached to the attachment part 10, for example the K attachment part 10A and/or the at least one structural component 20 for adjusting at least one gap between the components 10A, 20.

Thereafter, at least one compensation element K made of a highly viscous and force-flexible adhesive material - which only hardens upon exposure to UV light - is arranged or applied to the attachment part 10, in particular the K attachment part 10A and/or the at least one structural component 20 in a designated fastening point.

A special feature of the invention is that the compensation element K is made of the flexible/highly viscous adhesive material that only hardens when exposed to UV light. According to the invention, the highly viscous and adhesive material is an adhesive or a resin that is able to bond materials in a bridge-like manner through surface adhesion and, after hardening, through its internal strength. In relation to the high viscosity of the material (highly viscous) in its uncured initial state, a minimum value for the dynamic viscosity η of 10,000 Pa*s is specified or used, based on a normal temperature of the material.

With regard to the specified minimum value of the dynamic viscosity η, it is essential that the highly viscous and adhesive material is easy to process during application and, after application, is so stable in position that it remains at the desired application location until it hardens and thus does not leave the intended fastening area or the fastening point located in a fastening area.

In its initial state, it is a highly viscous and adhesive process material that is used in the bonding process to join different materials.

The highly viscous and adhesive material therefore already has such adhesion or attachment forces before UV light irradiation that an application body K _A applied from the material - to form the compensation element K which is rigid after UV light irradiation - remains in the desired position on the attachment part 10 and/or the structural component 20 after application. It is fundamentally possible for the application body K _A to be provided exclusively on the attachment part 10 or exclusively on the structural component 20 or on both components 10, 20.

It is provided that the components 10A, 20 have a sufficiently rough surface in the at least one intended fastening point of the fastening area so that a mechanical clamping occurs between the adhesive material of the adjacent materials of the components 10A, 20 to be connected to one another.

However, it is intended that the highly viscous and adhesive material of the application body K _A forms no or only a slight chemical bond with the adjacent materials of the components 10A, 20 to be joined together, so that a firm but detachable connection is created.

Finally, the special feature according to the invention is that the application body K _A of the at least one compensation element K only forms the unyielding, rigid body when the application body K _A is irradiated with UV light.

This means that an application body K _A of the compensation element K that has not yet been irradiated with UV light and positioned is elastically deformed due to the action of a force as soon as the application body K _A of the compensation element K comes into contact with the respective component, so that the position of the attachment 10, for example the K attachment 10A, on the at least one structural component 20 is defined in at least one degree of freedom x, y, z of the Cartesian coordinate system and the at least one predetermined gap size between the attachment 10 and the at least one structural component 20 is set as a function of the at least one gap size of the gap S that can be predetermined by the assembly aid M.

Subsequently, it is provided that the at least one application body K _A of the compensation element K is irradiated with UV light until the at least one compensation element K completely hardens, so that at least one compensation element K with an unyielding body is formed between the components.

Finally, the assembly aid M is removed.

The following design variants are proposed with regard to the type of connection between attachment part 10 and structural component 20.

First example:

• Zwischen Anbauteil 10 und Strukturbauteil 20 wird der Auftragsköper K_A, vergleiche Bezugszeichen K_A in 4, in den vorgesehenen Befestigungspunkten aufgetragen. Bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel entfallen die beschriebenen Vorkehrungen A1, A2, A3 gemäß 4 vollständig.

One fastening point of several fastening points, depending on the application, can be designed as follows:

• Between the attachment part 10 and the structural component 20, the application body K _A , compare reference symbol K _A in 4 , applied to the designated fastening points. In this embodiment, the described precautions A1, A2, A3 according to 4 complete.

After the application of the at least one application body K _A , the attachment part 10, which is designed as a molded part, in particular the K attachment part 10A, is pressed with the aid of the assembly aid M onto the structural component 20, which is also designed as a molded part.

The surface pairings between which the application body K _A is arranged can, for example, be designed as flat shape areas (two-dimensional) or as interlocking shape areas (three-dimensional).

By pressing with the help of the assembly aid M, the assembly state and the target tolerance dimension of the gap S are achieved, especially in the respective gap area SL, SO, SR, SU.

In this embodiment, the attachment part 10, in particular the K attachment part 10A and the structural component 20 are connected to one another exclusively by the bonding joining process in at least one fastening point or several fastening points via the hardened application body K _A as a compensation element K in such a way that the target tolerance dimension of the gap S is maintained after the assembly aid M has been removed.

In order to ensure later disassembly of the add-on part 10, it is provided that, for example, a release agent is applied to part or all of the structural component 20.

This release agent does not prevent the attachment part 10 from sticking to the structural component 20 itself, but ensures that by applying force effect, it is possible to pull the attachment part 10 off the structural component 20 without the components themselves being damaged when the components are separated, since the release agent largely prevents a chemical bond between components.

Further examples:

• - einer kraftschlüssigen Verbindung (beispielsweise Schraubverbindung) und/oder
• - einer form- und kraftschlüssigen Verbindung (beispielsweise einer Schraubverbindung, bei der die Bauteile formschlüssig ineinander greifen) und/oder
• - einer formschlüssigen Verbindung (bei der die Bauteile formschlüssig ineinander greifen) kombiniert werden.

An adhesive connection according to the first embodiment can be made with

• - a force-locking connection (e.g. screw connection) and/or
• - a positive and non-positive connection (for example a screw connection in which the components interlock) and/or
• - a positive connection (in which the components fit together in a form-fitting manner).

A combination is considered to be one in which the adhesive connection is formed in one fastening point and one of the other types of connection is formed in another fastening point (without forming an adhesive connection).

A combination is also considered to be the case if the adhesive connection is formed in one fastening point and one of the other types of connection is formed in the same fastening point.

A connection between the attachment part, in particular the K attachment part 10A, can be, for example, a force-locking connection (for example a screw connection), as is the case in connection with 4 is described, wherein screws are provided by means of which the add-on part is fastened to the structural component 20 via the openings A1.

Such a force-fitting (screw) connection can, for example, be arranged in one fastening point, while the adhesive connection is formed in another fastening point.

Such a force-fitting (screw) connection can also be arranged in a fastening point, while the adhesive connection is formed in parallel in the same fastening point.

However, it is also possible that a connection between the attachment part, in particular the K attachment part 10A, is, for example, a positive connection (for example a locking connection), as is the case in connection with 4 is described, wherein locking elements A3 are provided in locking receptacles not shown in detail, which engage with one another in the assembled state (three-dimensionally) and by means of which the add-on part is fastened to the structural component 20.

Such a positive-locking (snap-in) connection can, for example, be arranged in one fastening point, while the adhesive connection is formed in another fastening point.

Such a force-locking (snap-in) connection can also be arranged in a fastening point, while the adhesive connection is formed in the same fastening point.

It becomes clear that the connection types can be combined depending on requirements.

For example, in the case of the K-attachment 10A, 4 It is intended that seven fastening points, i.e. seven application bodies K _A are applied, which are in 4 are shown.

Two application bodies K _A , i.e. adhesive joints in the assembled state, are as shown in 4 with two force-locking (screw) connections (in 4 left at reference symbol A1) in combination.

A third application body K _A between the reference symbols A3 in 4 is applied between a surface pairing of two flat mold areas (two-dimensional) of the K-attachment part 10A and the structural component 20, so that only an adhesive connection is made at this fastening point.

Four further application bodies K _A , i.e. adhesive joints in the assembled state, are as shown in 4 with two positive locking (snap-in) connections (in 4 right at reference symbol A3) in combination.

On the surfaces of the locking elements A2 pointing in different directions, which in the assembled state (three-dimensionally) engage in locking receptacles of the structural component 20, two application bodies K _A are arranged for each locking element A2, so that the (locking) connections (in 4 right at reference symbol A2) are designed in combination.

According to the above explanations, it is understood that locking elements A2 do not necessarily have to be formed. Simpler surface pairings can also be formed, between which one or more application bodies K _A are arranged.

If the existing locking elements A2 of the K-attachment part 10A are used, it is advantageous that the series component and also the structural component 20, which has the locking receptacles, do not have to be changed. If the existing locking elements A2 of the K-attachment part 10A are replaced in the intended fastening points by simpler surface shapes, the K-attachment part 10A can be designed more simply if necessary. The structural component 20 then also has a simpler, adapted, corresponding surface shape, so that the adhesive connections can be designed more simply than before.

Particularly in the areas in which compliance with the desired target tolerance dimension after removal of the assembly aid M is problematic, application bodies K _A are arranged according to the invention, which act as compensation elements K in the manner described.

• In Abhängigkeit des jeweiligen Anbauteils 10 wird im Vorfeld entschieden, welche Befestigungsart/en des Anbauteils 10 gegenüber dem Strukturbauteil 20 zum Einsatz kommen soll/en.

In contrast to the conventional approach, the invention proceeds as follows, whereby the following description is primarily based on a summary of the 5 , 6 and 7 he follows:

• Depending on the respective attachment part 10, a decision is made in advance as to which type(s) of fastening of the attachment part 10 is to be used in relation to the structural component 20.

In the exemplary embodiment, for example, seven fastening points are provided, which can be designed in the manner described above with regard to the type of connection between the add-on part 10 and the structural component 20.

It is essential to the invention that at least one application body K _A is arranged in a fastening point.

The attachment part 10, in the embodiment in particular the K attachment part 10A, and the structural component 20 are again provided. The assembly aid M is then attached to the K attachment part 10A in order to adjust at least one gap between the components 10A, 20.

The assembly aid M has at least one spacer M2, which is/are arranged in the area(s) of the K attachment part 10A in which a gap(s) is/are to be produced with respect to the adjacent component(s), which may also be attachment parts 10.

The spacers M2 thus form the at least one desired target tolerance dimension of the circumferential gap S in the exemplary embodiment, in particular in the respective gap region SL, SO, SR, SU.

Now, at least one application body K _A (with a specified amount of material) is applied selectively to the at least one or the tolerance-subject fastening point(s).

The K-attachment 10A is gripped by the work with one hand (in 5 not visible) on a handle M1 (see 6 ) on the assembly aid M on the attachment part 10 and according to 5 , which shows the other hand of the worker, with a force (compare force arrow in 5 ) is pressed against the structural component 20 so that the K-attachment part 10A comes into its desired position at all fastening points.

When the K attachment part 10A is pressed onto the structural component 20, the material penetrates into the openings or gaps in the K attachment part 10A and the structural component 20 in the at least one or more fastening points, depending on the existing connection types and designs, which would allow undesirable play between the components 10A, 20, so that the flexible material is finally deformed and forms the respective compensation element K in the fastening point or fastening points, which is adapted to the surfaces of the components 10A, 20.

If, for example, force-locking or form- and force-locking connections are made, the corresponding connection is now made (after complete pressing), i.e. one or more (screw) connections are made.

The material is still flexible, so that the positioning of the components 10A, 20 relative to one another is still easily possible, so that, for example, by producing the at least one force-locking screw (connection) or the several force-locking (screw) connections, adjustment movements of the K-attachment part 10A relative to the structural component 20 may still take place.

After all this, the K-attachment part 10A is in the desired position and the gap size of the gap S or the gap sizes of the gap S are set.

Before the assembly aid M is removed, the invention provides that the at least one application body K _A of the compensation element K is irradiated with UV light until the application body K _A completely hardens, so that between the components 10A, 20 at least one Compensation element K is formed with a rigid body.

The step of “irradiating” the at least one application body K _A with UV light until the application body K _A is completely hardened by the UV radiation - by cross-linking the UV light-sensitive material - and forms a rigid compensation element K between the components 10, 20, takes place as follows.

• In einer Ausgestaltungsvariante wird, bevor die Montagehilfe M entfernt wird, eine externe Bestrahlungsvorrichtung an den Spalt S herangefahren, in die mindestens ein Leuchtmittel integriert angeordnet ist. Die Positionierung der Vorrichtung erfolgt manuell durch den Werker oder beispielsweise robotergestützt. Dabei wird die Strahlrichtung des UV-Lichtes des UV-Leuchtmittels zumindest in den Bereich des Spaltes S ausgerichtet, in dem der mindestens eine Auftragskörper K_A angeordnet ist und zum Zweck des Aushärtens bestrahlt werden soll.

First design variant - external irradiation device:

• In one embodiment, before the assembly aid M is removed, an external irradiation device is moved to the gap S, in which at least one light source is integrated. The device is positioned manually by the worker or, for example, with the help of a robot. The beam direction of the UV light of the UV light source is aligned at least in the area of the gap S in which the at least one application body K _A is arranged and is to be irradiated for the purpose of curing.

This means that after the device and at least one light source have been positioned, the light source(s) are switched on for a predeterminable period of time and then switched off again.

The time required between the viscous or highly viscous initial state and the hardened final state is relatively short and amounts to a maximum of 60 s.

If the compensation element K is rigid after the material has hardened, the attachment part 10 is so firmly seated in the desired position that in one design variant the adjustment elements A3 (see 4 ) can be dispensed with.

Finally, the assembly aid M is removed.

• In einer anderen Ausgestaltungsvariante ist die Bestrahlungsvorrichtung in die Montagehilfe M integriert, wie in den 6 und 7 verdeutlicht ist.

Second design variant - integrated irradiation device:

• In another design variant, the irradiation device is integrated into the assembly aid M, as shown in the 6 and 7 is clarified.

This means that in this design variant, no external irradiation device has to be moved to the gap S, but at least one light source M3 is integrated into the mounting aid M.

The positioning of the assembly aid M on the attachment 10, in particular the K attachment 10A, in relation to the setting of the gap S has already been carried out manually or automatically by the worker.

It is intended that the beam direction of the UV light, i.e. of the at least one UV lamp M3 integrated in the assembly aid M, is already aligned in the area of the gap S after the assembly aid M has been attached to the attachment part 10 in such a way that the worker does not have to align the lamps M3 separately, manually or within the robot-assisted assembly, so that the UV light falls exactly into the gap S.

In other words, analogous to the first embodiment variant, the illuminant is switched on for the above-mentioned predeterminable or predetermined period of time and then switched off again after the positioning of the mounting aid M, in which the at least one illuminant emitting UV light is integrated.

In an advantageous manner, this design variant also achieves the effect that the compensation element K is then rigid and the attachment part 10 is so fixed in the desired position that even the adjustment elements A3 (see 4 ) can be dispensed with. In particular, the previous fastening areas, which were still characterized by a small amount of play after the attachment part 10 was pressed onto the structural component 20, so that the gap size of the gap S had to be subsequently corrected if necessary, are provided with an application body K _A , which is hardened accordingly. The compensation element K forms the desired distance, so that the compensation element K can also be viewed as a spacer element which compensates for existing play between the components.

Finally, the assembly aid M is removed.

The 8th shows in a highly simplified perspective principle representation a structural component 20 and an attachment 10 with a gap S that orthogonally surrounds the attachment 10. In a first spatial direction, for example, only one compensation element K (one fastening point) is arranged as a spacer element. In another spatial direction, in the embodiment shown orthogonal to the first spatial direction, for example three compensation elements K are arranged as spacer elements between the attachment 10 and the structural component, so that a larger fastening area is created in three fastening points, which can be filled by more than one compensation element. tion element K is formed. The schematic diagram shows a surface between the components 10, 20 facing straight towards one another. As already explained, these surfaces can be three-dimensional surface structures or molded parts. Depending on the three-dimensional surface structures, the application bodies K _A are arranged and cured between the surfaces in such a way that, after the curing and formation of the compensation element(s), the method according to the invention brings about a desired stationary, readjustment-free positioning of the attachment part 10 in three-dimensional space in at least one, preferably in all three spatial directions x, y, z.

Finally, it is explained that the highly viscous and adhesive material, which is applied as an application body K _A to the attachment 10 and/or the at least one structural component 20 in a designated fastening area, which is completely cured by irradiating the application body K _A with UV light and forms a rigid compensation element K between the components 10, 20, is for example an adhesive or an adhesive resin.

List of reference symbols

100

Motor vehicle

10

Attachment

10A

fender-side attachment

10B

tailgate-side attachment

11

Tailgate

12

fender

13

apron

14

Side door

15

bumper

20

Structural component

S

gap

SL, SO, SR, SU

Gap areas

A1

openings

A2

Locking elements

A3

Adjustment elements

M

Assembly aid

M1

Handle

M2

Spacers

M3

Lamps

K

Compensation element (cured)

KA

Application body of the compensation element K (not yet cured)

x

Longitudinal extension of a motor vehicle

y

Direction transverse to the longitudinal extension

z

Direction transverse to the longitudinal extension

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA accepts no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 102016206981 A1 [0002]

Claims (12)

Method for mounting an attachment (10) on at least one positionally fixed structural component (20) for producing a structural unit with the steps, • providing the attachment (10), • providing the at least one structural component (20), • attaching an assembly aid (M) to the attachment (10) and/or the at least one structural component (20) for setting at least one gap size of at least one gap (S) between the components (10, 20), characterized by the steps, • positioning at least one application body (K _A ) made of a highly viscous and adhesive material on the attachment (10) and/or the at least one structural component (20) in a designated fastening area, which material only hardens when exposed to UV light, • attaching the attachment (10) to the at least one structural component (20), wherein the positioned application body (K _A ) deforms due to the action of a force exerted by a contact as soon as the application body (K _A ) is contacted with the respective component (10, 20) so that the position of the add-on part (10) on the at least one structural component (20) is defined in at least one degree of freedom (x, y, z) of the Cartesian coordinate system and the at least one predetermined gap between the add-on part (10) and the at least one structural component (20) is set without play depending on the at least one gap that can be predetermined by the assembly aid (M), • irradiating the at least one application body (K _A ) with UV light until the application body (K _A ) is completely hardened by the UV radiation and forms a rigid compensation element (K) between the components (10, 20), • removing the assembly aid (M). Procedure according to Claim 1 , characterized in that at least one illuminant (M3) which emits UV light is brought to the at least one gap (S) so that it emits direct UV light into the at least one gap (S) formed between the components (10, 20). Procedure according to Claim 2 , characterized in that the at least one illuminant (M3) is arranged integrated in the assembly aid (M), so that the at least one illuminant (M3) is positioned and aligned at the at least one gap (S) at the same time as the assembly aid (M) is attached to the attachment part (10) and thus emits UV light directly into the at least one gap (S) formed between the components (10, 20). Procedure according to Claim 2 , characterized in that the at least one illuminant (M3) is arranged in an external device, so that the at least one illuminant (M3) is positioned and aligned by means of the external device at the at least one gap (S) between the components (10, 20) and thus emits direct UV light into the at least one gap (S) formed between the components (10, 20). Procedure according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the connection(s) between the components (10, 20) in the fastening point(s) is/are produced exclusively from the highly viscous and adhesive material by positioning the application body(s) (K _A ), so that the components (10, 20) in the assembled state are connected to one another by means of the application body(s) (K _A ) exclusively in a material-locking manner via the hardened compensation element(s) (K). Procedure according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the connection(s) between the components (10, 20) in the fastening point(s) is/are not produced exclusively from the highly viscous and adhesive material by positioning the application body(s) (K _A ), so that the components (10, 20) in the assembled state are connected to one another by means of the application body(s) (K _A ) in at least one fastening point in a material-locking manner via the hardened compensation element(s) (K) and are connected to one another in at least one further fastening point in a different non-material-locking connection type. Procedure according to Claim 5 or 6 , characterized in that the components (10, 20) in the fastening point(s) with material-locking connection(s) are designed as corresponding form-fitting molded parts, so that the components (10, 20) are connected to one another in a form-fitting and material-locking manner via the hardened compensation element(s) (K). Procedure according to Claim 5 or 6 , characterized in that at least one connection is designed simultaneously as a force-fitting or form-fitting and force-fitting connection, so that the components (10, 20) in the assembled state are connected to one another in a force-fitting and material-fitting manner or in a form-fitting and force-fitting manner as well as a material-fitting manner via the hardened compensation element(s) (K). Procedure according to Claim 1 , characterized in that at least one connection of several connections to at least one of the Claims 6 until 8th is/are produced, wherein the at least one further connection is designed exclusively as a positive or non-positive connection or a positive and non-positive connection without a compensation element (K), so that the components (10, 20) are connected in a positive or non-positive or positive and non-positive manner in the assembled state via the at least one connection. Assembly aid (M) for adjusting at least one gap size of at least one gap (S) between an attachment (10) and at least one structural component (20), which has at least one spacer (M2) for adjusting the at least one gap size, characterized in that at least one illuminant (M3) is arranged integrated in/on the assembly aid (M), wherein the at least one illuminant (M3) is arranged and aligned on the assembly aid (M) in the assembled state of the assembly aid (M) with the attachment (10) in such a way that it emits direct UV light into the gap (S) formed between the components (10, 20). Arrangement of at least one illuminant (M3) for carrying out the method according to at least one of the Claims 1 until 9 for irradiating the at least one application body (K _A ) with UV light until the application body (K _A ) is completely hardened by the UV radiation and forms a rigid compensation element (K) between the components (10, 20), characterized in that • the at least one illuminant (M3) in/on the assembly aid (M) according to Claim 10 is arranged integrated, and is arranged via the mounting aid (M) at the at least one gap (S) or • the at least one lighting means (M3) is arranged integrated in an external device and is arranged by means of the external device at the at least one gap (S). Use of a highly viscous and adhesive material which can be applied as an application body (K _A ) to an attachment (10) and/or at least one structural component (20) in a designated fastening area and which is completely cured by irradiating the application body (K _A ) with UV light and forms a rigid compensation element (K) between the components (10, 20).

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